Objective To study the effects of arsenic exposure on1neurological function including voluntaryymotor ability,anxiety,and short-term memory ability of rats,as well as its impact on the expression levels of synaptic fu...Objective To study the effects of arsenic exposure on1neurological function including voluntaryymotor ability,anxiety,and short-term memory ability of rats,as well as its impact on the expression levels of synaptic function related genes such as neuropeptide 1(NLGN1),glutamate receptor 2A(NR2A),and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95).Methods Forty 3-week-old male specific pathogen free(SPF)grade Wistar rats[weighing(453.97±35.68)g]were selected and divided into four groups using a random number table:O(control group)and 2,10,and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure groups,with 10 rats in each group.They were given deionized water and 2,10,and 50 mg/L sodium arsenite solutions for 12 weeks,respectively.The open field experiment and Y-maze experiment were used to test the voluntary motor ability,anxiety,and short-term memory ability of rats.Nissl staining was used to observe the pathological damage of the hippocampus in the brain.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of NLGN1,NR2A,and PSD95 in the hippocampus,respectively.Results The results of the open field experiment revealed that the horizontal movement distances of rats in the 2 and 10 mg/L arsenic exposure groups were reduced compared to the control group,the movement distances in the central area in the 2,10,and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure groupswere reduced compared to the control group,and the residence time in the central area in the 10 and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure groups was reduced compared to the control group(P<0.05).The results of Y-maze experiment showed that the retention time of new arms in rats of the 2 and 10 mg/L arsenic exposure groups was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05).The pathological examination results of Nissl staining showed that the control group had abundant Nissl bodies in hippocampal tissues of the cytoplasm with intact neuronal structures,tightly arranged cells,appearing blue purple in color and clear visible nuclei.However,the number of Nissl bodies decreased,intercellular gaps increased,disordered arrangement increased,cytoplasmic staining was lighter,and nuclear shrinkage phenomenon increased in the hippocampal tissues of rats in the 2,10 and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure groups.The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of NLGN1,NR2A,and PSD95 in the hippocampal tissues of the four groups(F=13.85,44.94,4.63,P<0.05).The results of Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression levels of NLGN1 and NR2A in the hippocampal tissues of rats in the 10 and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure groups were lower than those in the control group(0.65±0.07,0.69±0.03 vs 1.00±0.04,0.51±0.11,0.51±0.13 vs 1.00±0.07,P<0.05),and the expression level of PSD95 in the hippocampal tissues of rats in the 50 mg/L arsenic exposure group was lower than that in the control group(0.51±0.09 vs 1.00±0.05,P<0.05).Conclusion Arsenic may affect synaptic function and cause neurological dysfunction in rats by adjusting the expression levels of NLGN1,NR2A,and PSD95.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)is an incurable trauma that frequently results in partial or complete loss of motor and sensory function.Massive neurons are damaged after the initial mechanical insult.Secondary injuries,which ...Spinal cord injury(SCI)is an incurable trauma that frequently results in partial or complete loss of motor and sensory function.Massive neurons are damaged after the initial mechanical insult.Secondary injuries,which are triggered by immunological and inflammatory responses,also result in neuronal loss and axon retraction.This results in defects in the neural circuit and a deficiency in the processing of information.Although inflammatory responses are necessary for spinal cord recovery,conflicting evidence of their contributions to specific biological processes have made it difficult to define the specific role of inflammation in SCI.This review summarizes our understanding of the complex role of inflammation in neural circuit events following SCI,such as cell death,axon regeneration and neural remodeling.We also review the drugs that regulate immune responses and inflammation in the treatment of SCI and discuss the roles of these drugs in the modulation of neural circuits.Finally,we provide evidence about the critical role of inflammation in facilitating spinal cord neural circuit regeneration in zebrafish,an animal model with robust regenerative capacity,to provide insights into the regeneration of the mammalian central nervous system.展开更多
Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SSAH)is a relatively uncommon but significant cause of acute and progressive neurological impairment.It represents less than 1.5%of all instances of bleeding within the subarachnoid spac...Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SSAH)is a relatively uncommon but significant cause of acute and progressive neurological impairment.It represents less than 1.5%of all instances of bleeding within the subarachnoid space.[1]The early stages of SSAH often present atypical clinical symptoms,making diagnosis challenging and potentially leading to treatment delays,which further result in irreversible neurological damage.Lower back pain is a common complaint in the emergency department(ED).[2]Common causes include overuse resulting in back strain.展开更多
BACKGROUND Functional epiphora is a clinical condition which is not due to an anatomic defect.Most studies agree that it involves the action of the orbicularis oculi muscle,particularly its deeper segment(Horner’s mu...BACKGROUND Functional epiphora is a clinical condition which is not due to an anatomic defect.Most studies agree that it involves the action of the orbicularis oculi muscle,particularly its deeper segment(Horner’s muscle),but the exact mechanism is not clear.AIM To evaluate the orbicularis oculi muscle in functional epiphora patients using electromyography(EMG).METHODS A total of 8 Chinese patients(16 eyes)with functional epiphora were enrolled in this study,and ten volunteers(10 eyes)were included as normal controls.Five epiphora patients(five eyes)with facial palsy served as positive controls.Quantitative EMG was performed in the deeper segment of orbicularis oculi muscle.The average duration of each EMG waveform was measured.RESULTS The average duration of EMG waveforms in the normal control group,the functional epiphora group,and the facial palsy group were 6.39±0.73 ms,9.39±1.32 ms and 11.2±1.42 ms,respectively.The duration of EMG waveforms was significantly longer in the functional epiphora group than in the normal control group(P<0.05),and shorter than that in the facial palsy group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These data indicate the presence of neurogenic orbicularis oculi muscle damage in epiphora patients,which may be the cause of functional epiphora.The etiology of neurogenic damage in the orbicularis oculi muscle requires further investigation.展开更多
文摘Objective To study the effects of arsenic exposure on1neurological function including voluntaryymotor ability,anxiety,and short-term memory ability of rats,as well as its impact on the expression levels of synaptic function related genes such as neuropeptide 1(NLGN1),glutamate receptor 2A(NR2A),and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95).Methods Forty 3-week-old male specific pathogen free(SPF)grade Wistar rats[weighing(453.97±35.68)g]were selected and divided into four groups using a random number table:O(control group)and 2,10,and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure groups,with 10 rats in each group.They were given deionized water and 2,10,and 50 mg/L sodium arsenite solutions for 12 weeks,respectively.The open field experiment and Y-maze experiment were used to test the voluntary motor ability,anxiety,and short-term memory ability of rats.Nissl staining was used to observe the pathological damage of the hippocampus in the brain.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of NLGN1,NR2A,and PSD95 in the hippocampus,respectively.Results The results of the open field experiment revealed that the horizontal movement distances of rats in the 2 and 10 mg/L arsenic exposure groups were reduced compared to the control group,the movement distances in the central area in the 2,10,and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure groupswere reduced compared to the control group,and the residence time in the central area in the 10 and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure groups was reduced compared to the control group(P<0.05).The results of Y-maze experiment showed that the retention time of new arms in rats of the 2 and 10 mg/L arsenic exposure groups was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05).The pathological examination results of Nissl staining showed that the control group had abundant Nissl bodies in hippocampal tissues of the cytoplasm with intact neuronal structures,tightly arranged cells,appearing blue purple in color and clear visible nuclei.However,the number of Nissl bodies decreased,intercellular gaps increased,disordered arrangement increased,cytoplasmic staining was lighter,and nuclear shrinkage phenomenon increased in the hippocampal tissues of rats in the 2,10 and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure groups.The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of NLGN1,NR2A,and PSD95 in the hippocampal tissues of the four groups(F=13.85,44.94,4.63,P<0.05).The results of Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression levels of NLGN1 and NR2A in the hippocampal tissues of rats in the 10 and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure groups were lower than those in the control group(0.65±0.07,0.69±0.03 vs 1.00±0.04,0.51±0.11,0.51±0.13 vs 1.00±0.07,P<0.05),and the expression level of PSD95 in the hippocampal tissues of rats in the 50 mg/L arsenic exposure group was lower than that in the control group(0.51±0.09 vs 1.00±0.05,P<0.05).Conclusion Arsenic may affect synaptic function and cause neurological dysfunction in rats by adjusting the expression levels of NLGN1,NR2A,and PSD95.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1105900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81701127)+1 种基金the Nantong Science and Technology Foundation of China(JC2021058)the Large Instruments Open Foundation of Nantong University(KFJN2231,KFJN2275).
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)is an incurable trauma that frequently results in partial or complete loss of motor and sensory function.Massive neurons are damaged after the initial mechanical insult.Secondary injuries,which are triggered by immunological and inflammatory responses,also result in neuronal loss and axon retraction.This results in defects in the neural circuit and a deficiency in the processing of information.Although inflammatory responses are necessary for spinal cord recovery,conflicting evidence of their contributions to specific biological processes have made it difficult to define the specific role of inflammation in SCI.This review summarizes our understanding of the complex role of inflammation in neural circuit events following SCI,such as cell death,axon regeneration and neural remodeling.We also review the drugs that regulate immune responses and inflammation in the treatment of SCI and discuss the roles of these drugs in the modulation of neural circuits.Finally,we provide evidence about the critical role of inflammation in facilitating spinal cord neural circuit regeneration in zebrafish,an animal model with robust regenerative capacity,to provide insights into the regeneration of the mammalian central nervous system.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472218)National Key Clinical Specialist Construction Project(Z155080000004)+4 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC3044400)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0506502)the Science and Technology of Shanghai Committee(23Y31900100)Shen Kang Hospital Development Center Project for Technical Standardization Management and Promotion(SHDC22023239)Key Supporting Discipline of Shanghai Healthcare System(2023ZDFC0102).
文摘Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SSAH)is a relatively uncommon but significant cause of acute and progressive neurological impairment.It represents less than 1.5%of all instances of bleeding within the subarachnoid space.[1]The early stages of SSAH often present atypical clinical symptoms,making diagnosis challenging and potentially leading to treatment delays,which further result in irreversible neurological damage.Lower back pain is a common complaint in the emergency department(ED).[2]Common causes include overuse resulting in back strain.
文摘BACKGROUND Functional epiphora is a clinical condition which is not due to an anatomic defect.Most studies agree that it involves the action of the orbicularis oculi muscle,particularly its deeper segment(Horner’s muscle),but the exact mechanism is not clear.AIM To evaluate the orbicularis oculi muscle in functional epiphora patients using electromyography(EMG).METHODS A total of 8 Chinese patients(16 eyes)with functional epiphora were enrolled in this study,and ten volunteers(10 eyes)were included as normal controls.Five epiphora patients(five eyes)with facial palsy served as positive controls.Quantitative EMG was performed in the deeper segment of orbicularis oculi muscle.The average duration of each EMG waveform was measured.RESULTS The average duration of EMG waveforms in the normal control group,the functional epiphora group,and the facial palsy group were 6.39±0.73 ms,9.39±1.32 ms and 11.2±1.42 ms,respectively.The duration of EMG waveforms was significantly longer in the functional epiphora group than in the normal control group(P<0.05),and shorter than that in the facial palsy group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These data indicate the presence of neurogenic orbicularis oculi muscle damage in epiphora patients,which may be the cause of functional epiphora.The etiology of neurogenic damage in the orbicularis oculi muscle requires further investigation.
