Major depressive disorder(MDD),one of the most prevalent mental illnesses,is characterized by anhedonia,the inability to experience pleasure from rewarding activities.This minireview examines the complex relationship ...Major depressive disorder(MDD),one of the most prevalent mental illnesses,is characterized by anhedonia,the inability to experience pleasure from rewarding activities.This minireview examines the complex relationship between music,anhedonia,and neural activity from neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological perspectives.It synthesizes the latest advances in music neuroscience,exploring music's potential to modulate emotional responses and alleviate anhedonia in depressed individuals.Anhedonia has been linked to dysfunctional brain reward circuits.Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed that the potential mechanism by which music exerts its anti-depressive effect may involve the reactivation of the anterior cingulate cortex,while electroencephalographic studies have revealed that oscillatory network dysfunction significantly impairs music perception engagement in patients with MDD.Musical chills,representing intense emotional peaks during musical experiences,can evoke profound plea-sure in healthy individuals and may offer a therapeutic modality for alleviating anhedonia in MDD.This review discusses how music therapy may support emotional regulation by activating these neural pathways and enhancing affective processing.Despite promising developments,this field remains understudied.A more nuanced research approach is urgently needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying music's effects on anhedonia and to develop effective interventions.展开更多
Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental disability.Detailed asse...Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental disability.Detailed assessment is important to help identify highrisk infants,to help families,and to support appropriate interventions.A wide range of monitoring tools is available to assess changes over time,including urine and blood biomarkers,neurological examination,and electroencephalography.At present,magnetic resonance imaging is unique as although it is expensive and not suited to monitoring the early evolution of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by a week of life it can provide direct insight into the anatomical changes in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and so offers strong prognostic information on the long-term outcome after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.This review investigated the temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries,with a particular emphasis on exploring the correlation between the prognostic implications of magnetic resonance imaging scans in the first week of life and their relationship to long-term outcome prediction,particularly for infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia.A comprehensive literature search,from 2016 to 2024,identified 20 pertinent articles.This review highlights that while the optimal timing of magnetic resonance imaging scans is not clear,overall,it suggests that magnetic resonance imaging within the first week of life provides strong prognostic accuracy.Many challenges limit the timing consistency,particularly the need for intensive care and clinical monitoring.Conversely,although most reports examined the prognostic value of scans taken between 4 and 10 days after birth,there is evidence from small numbers of cases that,at times,brain injury may continue to evolve for weeks after birth.This suggests that in the future it will be important to explore a wider range of times after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy to fully understand the optimal timing for predicting long-term outcomes.展开更多
Despite advancements in neuroimaging,false positive diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms remain a significant concern.This article examines the causes,prevalence,and implications of such false-positive diagnoses.We dis...Despite advancements in neuroimaging,false positive diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms remain a significant concern.This article examines the causes,prevalence,and implications of such false-positive diagnoses.We discuss how conditions like arterial occlusion with vascular stump formation and infundibular widening can mimic aneurysms,particularly in the anterior circulation.The article compares various imaging modalities,including computer tomography angiogram,magnetic resonance imaging/angiography,and digital subtraction angiogram,highlighting their strengths and limitations.We emphasize the im-portance of accurate differentiation to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.The potential of emerging technologies,such as high-resolution vessel wall ima-ging and deep neural networks for automated detection,is explored as promising avenues for improving diagnostic accuracy.This manuscript underscores the need for continued research and clinical vigilance in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms.展开更多
This is an invited commentary on the paper by Zou et al,accepted for publication in World Journal of Psychiatry.It reflects the findings of the authors in the broader context of the search for scientifically sound and...This is an invited commentary on the paper by Zou et al,accepted for publication in World Journal of Psychiatry.It reflects the findings of the authors in the broader context of the search for scientifically sound and evidence based nomothetic system for diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry,with a special focus on the application of translational neuroimaging in that effort.展开更多
Descriptive signs in radiology can aid in easier pattern recognition and quicker diagnosis.In spinal cord ischemia,paired anterior-horn T2-hyperintensities have traditionally been known as the“owl’s eyes”or“snake ...Descriptive signs in radiology can aid in easier pattern recognition and quicker diagnosis.In spinal cord ischemia,paired anterior-horn T2-hyperintensities have traditionally been known as the“owl’s eyes”or“snake eyes”sign.We discuss how these signs,while visually apt,convey no pathophysiologic context and propose renaming this finding the“snake bite sign”.The image still evokes two punctate marks,yet the metaphor extends to a snake bite(two fang-like dots)rather than two bright foci(eyes)staring back at the viewer.Moreover,besides the sign metaphorically resembling a traumatic puncture of the two fangs,on the occasion of a venomous snake bite occurring elsewhere,additional neurological consequences may occur,paralleling the neurological deficits seen in anterior spinal artery infarction and several mimicking myelopathies,thus further high-lighting the analogy.Such clinically driven terminology may facilitate teaching,enable diagnostic recall,and improve interdisciplinary communication.展开更多
Deep learning approaches,especially convolutional neural networks(CNNs),have become the method of choice in the field of medical image analysis over the last few years.This prevalence is attributed to their excellent ...Deep learning approaches,especially convolutional neural networks(CNNs),have become the method of choice in the field of medical image analysis over the last few years.This prevalence is attributed to their excellent abilities to learn features in a more effective and efficient manner,not only for 2D/3D images in the Euclidean space,but also for meshes and graphs in non-Euclidean space such as cortical surfaces in neuroimaging analysis field.The brain cerebral cortex is a highly convoluted and thin sheet of gray matter(GM)that is thus typically represented by triangular surface meshes with an intrinsic spherical topology for each hemisphere.Accordingly,novel tailored deep learning methods have been developed for cortical surface-based analysis of neuroimaging data.This paper reviewsed the representative deep learning techniques relevant to cortical surface-based analysis and summarizes recent major contributions to the field.Specifically,we surveyed the use of deep learning techniques for cortical surface reconstruction,registration,parcellation,prediction,and other applications.We concluded by discussing the open challenges,limitations,and potentials of these techniques,and suggested directions for future research.展开更多
Caffeine has been shown to reduce various health risks, such as diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases, and it may provide health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts, such as three to four cups per day. Howev...Caffeine has been shown to reduce various health risks, such as diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases, and it may provide health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts, such as three to four cups per day. However, caffeine may exhibit harmful effects depending on the dose. Although the health benefits and disadvantages of caffeine intake have been studied, the effects of caffeine’s aroma have hardly been studied. This study aimed to examine the impact of caffeine scent on brain activity during cognitive tasks using electroencephalography (EEG). This study included 30 healthy young adults. We investigated cerebral activity using EEG during the concentration tasks. Participants performed tasks under pre- and post-conditions, including drinking coffee, smelling coffee, or drinking water. The number of correct responses and reaction times were calculated for each task, and mean power levels were analyzed. A linear mixed model was applied with “performance”, “ROI”, and “wave band” to examine the effects of conditions and timing. Significant differences were observed in left-frontal θ power (coffee α power (coffee P θ between pre- and post-task during water conditions (pre α on the frontal lobe and higher θ are associated with improved arousal and cognitive functions. Drinking coffee reduced α power, whereas smelling coffee or drinking water increased θ power. Therefore, drinking coffee, smelling coffee, and drinking water may affect cerebral activities and enhance cognitive performance.展开更多
Management of intracranial hypertension(IH)has improved in the last decades driven by advancements in monitoring technologies and a deeper understanding of its pathophysiology.Although intracranial pressure(ICP)cathet...Management of intracranial hypertension(IH)has improved in the last decades driven by advancements in monitoring technologies and a deeper understanding of its pathophysiology.Although intracranial pressure(ICP)catheters are still recommended by current guidelines for monitoring patients at risk of IH,these methods are not without limitations.Challenges include procedural complications,availability of these devices in many healthcare settings and technical issues.In this context,management in the absence of ICP monitoring is common and now it can be augmented by intensivist-led point-of-care ultrasound,which includes tools such as transcranial doppler,optic nerve sheath measurement and brain ultrasound.These methods offer anatomic information that can sometimes withhold repeated head computed tomography(CT)scans,but they are also a window into ICP dynamics without the associated risks of invasive monitoring and are reasonable alternatives for guiding treatment,provided an integration between neurological examination,head CT anatomical findings and noninvasive monitors is considered.This manuscript synthesizes the evidence for using invasive ICP monitoring and methods for non-invasive monitoring,more focused on the role of ultrasound,given its wider availability.We also propose a practical approach of how to integrate this information at bedside to avoid both under and overtreatment,by embracing a clinical epidemiology paradigm to guide management decisions.展开更多
AIM:To analyze whether alterations of voxel mirror homology connectivity(VMHC)values,as determined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI),occur in cerebral regions of patients with hypertensive...AIM:To analyze whether alterations of voxel mirror homology connectivity(VMHC)values,as determined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI),occur in cerebral regions of patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR)and to determine the relationship between VMHC values and clinical characteristics in patients with HR.METHODS:Twenty-one patients with HR and 21 agematched healthy controls(HCs)were assessed by rsfMRI scanning.The functional connectivity between the hemispheres of the cerebrum was assessed by measuring VMHC,with the ability of VMHC to distinguish between the HR and HC groups assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of the HR and HC groups were analyzed by independent sample t-tests.The relationship between average VMHC in several brain areas of HR patients and clinical features was determined using Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS:Mean VMHC values of the bilateral cuneus gyrus(BA19),bilateral middle orbitofrontal gyrus(BA47),bilateral middle temporal gyrus(BA39)and bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus(BA9)were lower in the HR than in the HC group.CONCLUSION:VMHC values can predict the development of early HR,prevent the transformation of hypertensive microangiopathy,and provide useful information explaining the changes in neural mechanism associated with HR.展开更多
This narrative review examines the use of imaging biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring hydrocephalus from birth through childhood.Early detection and longitudinal follow-up are essential for guiding timely interve...This narrative review examines the use of imaging biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring hydrocephalus from birth through childhood.Early detection and longitudinal follow-up are essential for guiding timely interventions and asse-ssing treatment outcomes.Cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are the primary imaging modalities,providing critical insights into ventri-cular size,cerebrospinal fluid dynamics,and neurodevelopmental implications.Key parameters,including Evans’index,Levene’s index,and the Cella Media index,as well as volumetric and diffusion-based MRI techniques,have been explored for their diagnostic and prognostic value.Advances in automated image analysis and artificial intelligence have further improved measurement precision and reproducibility.Despite these developments,challenges remain in standar-dizing imaging protocols and establishing normative reference values across different pediatric populations.This review highlights the strengths and limita-tions of current imaging approaches,emphasizing the need for consistent metho-dologies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient management in hydrocephalus.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological s...BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological substrates underlying depression,the intricate patterns of disrupted brain network connectivity in adolescents warrant further exploration.AIM To elucidate the neural correlates of adolescent depression by examining brain network connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).METHODS The study cohort comprised 74 depressed adolescents and 59 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years.Participants underwent rs-fMRI to evaluate functional connectivity within and across critical brain networks,including the visual,default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention,salience,somatomotor,and frontoparietal control networks.RESULTS Analyses revealed pronounced functional disparities within key neural circuits among adolescents with depression.The results demonstrated existence of hemispheric asymmetries characterized by enhanced activity in the left visual network,which contrasted the diminished activity in the right hemisphere.The DMN facilitated increased activity within the left prefrontal cortex and reduced engagement in the right hemisphere,implicating disrupted self-referential and emotional processing mechanisms.Additionally,an overactive right dorsal attention network and a hypoactive salience network were identified,underscoring significant abnormalities in attentional and emotional regulation in adolescent depression.CONCLUSION The findings from this study underscore distinct neural connectivity disruptions in adolescent depression,underscoring the critical role of specific neurobiological markers for precise early diagnosis of adolescent depression.The observed functional asymmetries and network-specific deviations elucidate the complex neurobiological architecture of adolescent depression,supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Major depressive disorder(MDD),a psychiatric disorder characterized by functional brain deficits,poses considerable diagnostic and treatment challenges,especially in adolescents owing to varying clinical presentations...Major depressive disorder(MDD),a psychiatric disorder characterized by functional brain deficits,poses considerable diagnostic and treatment challenges,especially in adolescents owing to varying clinical presentations.Biomarkers hold substantial clinical potential in the field of mental health,enabling objective assessments of physiological and pathological states,facilitating early diagnosis,and enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.Recent breakthroughs combine neuroimaging with machine learning(ML)to distinguish brain activity patterns between MDD patients and healthy controls,paving the way for diagnostic support and personalized treatment.However,the accuracy of the results depends on the selection of neuroimaging features and algorithms.Ensuring privacy protection,ML model accuracy,and fostering trust are essential steps prior to clinical implementation.Future research should prioritize the establishment of comprehensive legal frameworks and regulatory mechanisms for using ML in MDD diagnosis while safeguarding patient privacy and rights.By doing so,we can advance accuracy and personalized care for MDD.展开更多
The dichotomized brain system is a concept that was generalized from the‘dual syndrome hypothesis’to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment,in which anterior and posterior brain systems are independent bu...The dichotomized brain system is a concept that was generalized from the‘dual syndrome hypothesis’to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment,in which anterior and posterior brain systems are independent but partially overlap.The dopaminergic system acts on the anterior brain and is responsible for executive function,working memory,and planning.In contrast,the cholinergic system acts on the posterior brain and is responsible for semantic fluency and visuospatial function.Evidence from dopaminergic/cholinergic imaging or functional neuroimaging has shed significant insight relating to the involvement of the cerebellum in the cognitive process of patients with Parkinson’s disease.Previous research has reported evidence that the cerebellum receives both dopaminergic and cholinergic projections.However,whether these two neurotransmitter systems are associated with cognitive function has yet to be fully elucidated.Furthermore,the precise role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment remains unclear.Therefore,in this review,we summarize the cerebellar dopaminergic and cholinergic projections and their relationships with cognition,as reported by previous studies,and investigated the role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment,as determined by functional neuroimaging.Our findings will help us to understand the role of the cerebellum in the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers base...BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers based on amygdala functional connectivity(FC).AIM To investigate the analysis of neuroimaging biomarkers as a streamlined approach for the diagnosis of MDD in adolescents.METHODS Forty-four adolescents diagnosed with MDD and 43 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,the FC was compared between the adolescents with MDD and the healthy controls,with the bilateral amygdala serving as the seed point,followed by statistical analysis of the results.The support vector machine(SVM)method was then applied to classify functional connections in various brain regions and to evaluate the neurophysiological characteristics associated with MDD.RESULTS Compared to the controls and using the bilateral amygdala as the region of interest,patients with MDD showed significantly lower FC values in the left inferior temporal gyrus,bilateral calcarine,right lingual gyrus,and left superior occipital gyrus.However,there was an increase in the FC value in Vermis-10.The SVM analysis revealed that the reduction in the FC value in the right lingual gyrus could effectively differentiate patients with MDD from healthy controls,achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 83.91%,sensitivity of 79.55%,specificity of 88.37%,and an area under the curve of 67.65%.CONCLUSION The results showed that an abnormal FC value in the right lingual gyrus was effective as a neuroimaging biomarker to distinguish patients with MDD from healthy controls.展开更多
Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal d...Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges.Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice.An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tra ctography,diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography,fiber ball imagingbased tra ctography,electroencephalography,functional magnetic resonance imaging,magnetoencephalography,positron emission tomography,molecular imaging,and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks.In this review,we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy,and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and clinical application ranges of each technique.A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies,new data analysis software,a combination of multiple techniques,and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.展开更多
The development of 7‐Tesla(7T)magnetic resonance imaging systems has opened new avenues for exploring the advantages of diffusion imaging at higher field strengths,especially in neuroscience research.This review inve...The development of 7‐Tesla(7T)magnetic resonance imaging systems has opened new avenues for exploring the advantages of diffusion imaging at higher field strengths,especially in neuroscience research.This review investigates whether 7T diffusion imaging offers significant benefits over lower field strengths by addressing the following:Technical challenges and corresponding strategies:Challenges include achieving shorter transverse relaxation/effective transverse relaxation times and greater B0 and B1 inhomogeneities.Advanced techniques including high‐performance gradient systems,parallel imaging,multi‐shot acquisition,and parallel transmission can mitigate these issues.Comparison of 3‐Tesla and 7T diffusion imaging:Technologies such as multiplexed sensitivity encoding and deep learning reconstruction(DLR)have been developed to mitigate artifacts and improve image quality.This comparative analysis demonstrates significant improvements in the signal‐to‐noise ratio and spatial resolution at 7T with a powerful gradient system,facilitating enhanced visualization of microstructural changes.Despite greater geometric distortions and signal inhomogeneity at 7T,the system shows clear advantages in high b‐value imaging and highresolution diffusion tensor imaging.Additionally,multiplexed sensitivity encoding significantly reduces image blurring and distortion,and DLR substantially improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio and image sharpness.7T diffusion applications in structural analysis and disease characterization:This review discusses the potential applications of 7T diffusion imaging in structural analysis and disease characterization.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a complex and serious brain disorder.Neuroscientists have become increasingly interested in using magnetic resonance-based brain imaging-derived phenotypes(IDPs)to investigate the etiology of psychiat...Schizophrenia is a complex and serious brain disorder.Neuroscientists have become increasingly interested in using magnetic resonance-based brain imaging-derived phenotypes(IDPs)to investigate the etiology of psychiatric disorders.IDPs capture valuable clinical advantages and hold biological significance in identifying brain abnormalities.In this review,we aim to discuss current and prospective approaches to identify potential biomarkers for schizophrenia using clinical multimodal neuroimaging and imaging genetics.We first described IDPs through their phenotypic classification and neuroimaging genomics.Secondly,we discussed the applications of multimodal neuroimaging by clinical evidence in observational studies and randomized controlled trials.Thirdly,considering the genetic evidence of IDPs,we discussed how can utilize neuroimaging data as an intermediate phenotype to make association inferences by polygenic risk scores and Mendelian randomization.Finally,we discussed machine learning as an optimum approach for validating biomarkers.Together,future research efforts focused on neuroimaging biomarkers aim to enhance our understanding of schizophrenia.展开更多
●AIM:To assess the necessity of neuroimaging in patients with neurological or atypical findings of normal tension glaucoma(NTG)who do not exhibit typical glaucoma manifestations.●METHODS:A retrospective analysis was...●AIM:To assess the necessity of neuroimaging in patients with neurological or atypical findings of normal tension glaucoma(NTG)who do not exhibit typical glaucoma manifestations.●METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 atypical NTG patients who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)due to atypical symptoms.The demographic characteristics,clinical parameters,and radiological findings were recorded.●RESULTS:Among the patients,66.7%had abnormal radiology results,with the most common findings being gliosis(34.4%),sequelae of cerebrovascular events and vascular malformations(14.4%),and benign intracranial mass lesions(11%).Non-glaucomatous visual field defects were more frequently observed in patients with abnormal neuroimaging results.However,there were no significant differences in intraocular pressure,optic disc parameters,retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,and visual field indices between patients with normal and abnormal radiological results.The mean age of the patients was 58.74y.Interestingly,there was a significant age difference,with the abnormal radiology group having a higher median age(P=0.021).●CONCLUSION:The study highlights the importance of cranial imaging in older NTG patients to detect underlying pathologies and prevent misdiagnosis.It suggests that neuroimaging may be warranted in NTG patients with atypical visual field defects incompatible with glaucoma.However,routine neuroimaging in all NTG patients without classic neurological signs may not be necessary.展开更多
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)in adolescents and young adults contributes significantly to global morbidity,with inconsistent findings on brain structural changes from structural magnetic resonance imaging ...BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)in adolescents and young adults contributes significantly to global morbidity,with inconsistent findings on brain structural changes from structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.Activation likeli-hood estimation(ALE)offers a method to synthesize these diverse findings and identify consistent brain anomalies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for neuroi-maging studies on MDD among adolescents and young adults published up to November 19,2023.Two independent researchers performed the study selection,quality assessment,and data extraction.The ALE technique was employed to synthesize findings on localized brain function anomalies in MDD patients,which was supplemented by sensitivity analyses.RESULTS Twenty-two studies comprising fourteen diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)studies and eight voxel-based morphome-try(VBM)studies,and involving 451 MDD patients and 465 healthy controls(HCs)for DTI and 664 MDD patients and 946 HCs for VBM,were included.DTI-based ALE demonstrated significant reductions in fractional anisotropy(FA)values in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in adolescents and young adults with MDD compared to HCs,with no regions exhibiting increased FA values.VBM-based ALE did not demonstrate significant alterations in gray matter volume.Sensitivity analyses highlighted consistent findings in the right caudate head(11 of 14 analyses),right insula(10 of 14 analyses),and right lentiform nucleus putamen(11 of 14 analyses).CONCLUSION Structural alterations in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in young MDD patients may contribute to its recurrent nature,offering insights for targeted therapies.展开更多
BACKGROUND After approval for clinical use in 2017,early investigations of ultra-high-field abdominal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)have demonstrated its feasibility as well as diagnostic capabilities in neuroimaging...BACKGROUND After approval for clinical use in 2017,early investigations of ultra-high-field abdominal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)have demonstrated its feasibility as well as diagnostic capabilities in neuroimaging.However,there are no to few systematic reviews covering the entirety of its neurosurgical applications as well as the trends in the literature with regard to the aforementioned application.AIM To assess the impact of 7-Tesla MRI(7T MRI)on neurosurgery,focusing on its applications in diagnosis,treatment planning,and postoperative assessment,and to systematically analyze and identify patterns and trends in the existing literature related to the utilization of 7T MRI in neurosurgical contexts.METHODS A systematic search of PubMed was conducted for studies published between January 1,2017,and December 31,2023,using MeSH terms related to 7T MRI and neurosurgery.The inclusion criteria were:Studies involving patients of all ages,meta-analyses,systematic reviews,and original research.The exclusion criteria were:Pre-prints,studies with insufficient data(e.g.,case reports and letters),non-English publications,and studies involving animal subjects.Data synthesis involved standardized extraction forms,and a narrative synthesis was performed.RESULTS We identified 219 records from PubMed within our defined period,with no duplicates or exclusions before screening.After screening,125 articles were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria,leaving 94 reports.Of these,2 were irrelevant to neurosurgery and 7 were animal studies,resulting in 85 studies included in our systematic review.Data were categorized by neurosurgical procedures and diseases treated using 7T MRI.We also analyzed publications by country and the number of 7T MRI facilities per country was also presented.Experi-mental studies were classified into comparison and non-comparison studies based on whether 7T MRI was compared to lower field strengths.CONCLUSION 7T MRI holds great potential in improving the characterization and understanding of various neurological and psychiatric conditions that may be neurosurgically treated.These include epilepsy,pituitary adenoma,Parkinson's disease,cerebrovascular diseases,trigeminal neuralgia,traumatic head injury,multiple sclerosis,glioma,and psychiatric disorders.Superiority of 7T MRI over lower field strengths was demonstrated in terms of image quality,lesion detection,and tissue characterization.Findings suggest the need for accelerated global distribution of 7T magnetic resonance systems and increased training for radiologists to ensure safe and effective integration into routine clinical practice.展开更多
基金Supported by the Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Research Project Plan,No.Q202450Wuxi Scientific and technological breakthrough of“Light of the Taihu Lake”(Basic Research),No.K20221039Top Talent Support Program for Young and Middleaged People of Wuxi Health Committee,No.BJ2023086.
文摘Major depressive disorder(MDD),one of the most prevalent mental illnesses,is characterized by anhedonia,the inability to experience pleasure from rewarding activities.This minireview examines the complex relationship between music,anhedonia,and neural activity from neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological perspectives.It synthesizes the latest advances in music neuroscience,exploring music's potential to modulate emotional responses and alleviate anhedonia in depressed individuals.Anhedonia has been linked to dysfunctional brain reward circuits.Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed that the potential mechanism by which music exerts its anti-depressive effect may involve the reactivation of the anterior cingulate cortex,while electroencephalographic studies have revealed that oscillatory network dysfunction significantly impairs music perception engagement in patients with MDD.Musical chills,representing intense emotional peaks during musical experiences,can evoke profound plea-sure in healthy individuals and may offer a therapeutic modality for alleviating anhedonia in MDD.This review discusses how music therapy may support emotional regulation by activating these neural pathways and enhancing affective processing.Despite promising developments,this field remains understudied.A more nuanced research approach is urgently needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying music's effects on anhedonia and to develop effective interventions.
基金supported by a grant from the Health Research New Zealand(HRC)22/559(to AJG and LB)。
文摘Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental disability.Detailed assessment is important to help identify highrisk infants,to help families,and to support appropriate interventions.A wide range of monitoring tools is available to assess changes over time,including urine and blood biomarkers,neurological examination,and electroencephalography.At present,magnetic resonance imaging is unique as although it is expensive and not suited to monitoring the early evolution of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by a week of life it can provide direct insight into the anatomical changes in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and so offers strong prognostic information on the long-term outcome after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.This review investigated the temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries,with a particular emphasis on exploring the correlation between the prognostic implications of magnetic resonance imaging scans in the first week of life and their relationship to long-term outcome prediction,particularly for infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia.A comprehensive literature search,from 2016 to 2024,identified 20 pertinent articles.This review highlights that while the optimal timing of magnetic resonance imaging scans is not clear,overall,it suggests that magnetic resonance imaging within the first week of life provides strong prognostic accuracy.Many challenges limit the timing consistency,particularly the need for intensive care and clinical monitoring.Conversely,although most reports examined the prognostic value of scans taken between 4 and 10 days after birth,there is evidence from small numbers of cases that,at times,brain injury may continue to evolve for weeks after birth.This suggests that in the future it will be important to explore a wider range of times after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy to fully understand the optimal timing for predicting long-term outcomes.
文摘Despite advancements in neuroimaging,false positive diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms remain a significant concern.This article examines the causes,prevalence,and implications of such false-positive diagnoses.We discuss how conditions like arterial occlusion with vascular stump formation and infundibular widening can mimic aneurysms,particularly in the anterior circulation.The article compares various imaging modalities,including computer tomography angiogram,magnetic resonance imaging/angiography,and digital subtraction angiogram,highlighting their strengths and limitations.We emphasize the im-portance of accurate differentiation to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.The potential of emerging technologies,such as high-resolution vessel wall ima-ging and deep neural networks for automated detection,is explored as promising avenues for improving diagnostic accuracy.This manuscript underscores the need for continued research and clinical vigilance in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms.
基金Supported by Innovation Program for the Development of MU-PLOVDIV(SRIPD-MUP),Creation of a Network of Research Higher Schools,National Plan for Recovery and Sustainability,European Union(NextGenerationEU),No.BG-RRP-2.004-0007-C01.
文摘This is an invited commentary on the paper by Zou et al,accepted for publication in World Journal of Psychiatry.It reflects the findings of the authors in the broader context of the search for scientifically sound and evidence based nomothetic system for diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry,with a special focus on the application of translational neuroimaging in that effort.
文摘Descriptive signs in radiology can aid in easier pattern recognition and quicker diagnosis.In spinal cord ischemia,paired anterior-horn T2-hyperintensities have traditionally been known as the“owl’s eyes”or“snake eyes”sign.We discuss how these signs,while visually apt,convey no pathophysiologic context and propose renaming this finding the“snake bite sign”.The image still evokes two punctate marks,yet the metaphor extends to a snake bite(two fang-like dots)rather than two bright foci(eyes)staring back at the viewer.Moreover,besides the sign metaphorically resembling a traumatic puncture of the two fangs,on the occasion of a venomous snake bite occurring elsewhere,additional neurological consequences may occur,paralleling the neurological deficits seen in anterior spinal artery infarction and several mimicking myelopathies,thus further high-lighting the analogy.Such clinically driven terminology may facilitate teaching,enable diagnostic recall,and improve interdisciplinary communication.
基金the National Institutes of Health(NIH)(Grant Nos.MH116225,MH117943,MH123202,and AG075582).
文摘Deep learning approaches,especially convolutional neural networks(CNNs),have become the method of choice in the field of medical image analysis over the last few years.This prevalence is attributed to their excellent abilities to learn features in a more effective and efficient manner,not only for 2D/3D images in the Euclidean space,but also for meshes and graphs in non-Euclidean space such as cortical surfaces in neuroimaging analysis field.The brain cerebral cortex is a highly convoluted and thin sheet of gray matter(GM)that is thus typically represented by triangular surface meshes with an intrinsic spherical topology for each hemisphere.Accordingly,novel tailored deep learning methods have been developed for cortical surface-based analysis of neuroimaging data.This paper reviewsed the representative deep learning techniques relevant to cortical surface-based analysis and summarizes recent major contributions to the field.Specifically,we surveyed the use of deep learning techniques for cortical surface reconstruction,registration,parcellation,prediction,and other applications.We concluded by discussing the open challenges,limitations,and potentials of these techniques,and suggested directions for future research.
文摘Caffeine has been shown to reduce various health risks, such as diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases, and it may provide health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts, such as three to four cups per day. However, caffeine may exhibit harmful effects depending on the dose. Although the health benefits and disadvantages of caffeine intake have been studied, the effects of caffeine’s aroma have hardly been studied. This study aimed to examine the impact of caffeine scent on brain activity during cognitive tasks using electroencephalography (EEG). This study included 30 healthy young adults. We investigated cerebral activity using EEG during the concentration tasks. Participants performed tasks under pre- and post-conditions, including drinking coffee, smelling coffee, or drinking water. The number of correct responses and reaction times were calculated for each task, and mean power levels were analyzed. A linear mixed model was applied with “performance”, “ROI”, and “wave band” to examine the effects of conditions and timing. Significant differences were observed in left-frontal θ power (coffee α power (coffee P θ between pre- and post-task during water conditions (pre α on the frontal lobe and higher θ are associated with improved arousal and cognitive functions. Drinking coffee reduced α power, whereas smelling coffee or drinking water increased θ power. Therefore, drinking coffee, smelling coffee, and drinking water may affect cerebral activities and enhance cognitive performance.
文摘Management of intracranial hypertension(IH)has improved in the last decades driven by advancements in monitoring technologies and a deeper understanding of its pathophysiology.Although intracranial pressure(ICP)catheters are still recommended by current guidelines for monitoring patients at risk of IH,these methods are not without limitations.Challenges include procedural complications,availability of these devices in many healthcare settings and technical issues.In this context,management in the absence of ICP monitoring is common and now it can be augmented by intensivist-led point-of-care ultrasound,which includes tools such as transcranial doppler,optic nerve sheath measurement and brain ultrasound.These methods offer anatomic information that can sometimes withhold repeated head computed tomography(CT)scans,but they are also a window into ICP dynamics without the associated risks of invasive monitoring and are reasonable alternatives for guiding treatment,provided an integration between neurological examination,head CT anatomical findings and noninvasive monitors is considered.This manuscript synthesizes the evidence for using invasive ICP monitoring and methods for non-invasive monitoring,more focused on the role of ultrasound,given its wider availability.We also propose a practical approach of how to integrate this information at bedside to avoid both under and overtreatment,by embracing a clinical epidemiology paradigm to guide management decisions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160195,No.82460203).
文摘AIM:To analyze whether alterations of voxel mirror homology connectivity(VMHC)values,as determined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI),occur in cerebral regions of patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR)and to determine the relationship between VMHC values and clinical characteristics in patients with HR.METHODS:Twenty-one patients with HR and 21 agematched healthy controls(HCs)were assessed by rsfMRI scanning.The functional connectivity between the hemispheres of the cerebrum was assessed by measuring VMHC,with the ability of VMHC to distinguish between the HR and HC groups assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of the HR and HC groups were analyzed by independent sample t-tests.The relationship between average VMHC in several brain areas of HR patients and clinical features was determined using Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS:Mean VMHC values of the bilateral cuneus gyrus(BA19),bilateral middle orbitofrontal gyrus(BA47),bilateral middle temporal gyrus(BA39)and bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus(BA9)were lower in the HR than in the HC group.CONCLUSION:VMHC values can predict the development of early HR,prevent the transformation of hypertensive microangiopathy,and provide useful information explaining the changes in neural mechanism associated with HR.
文摘This narrative review examines the use of imaging biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring hydrocephalus from birth through childhood.Early detection and longitudinal follow-up are essential for guiding timely interventions and asse-ssing treatment outcomes.Cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are the primary imaging modalities,providing critical insights into ventri-cular size,cerebrospinal fluid dynamics,and neurodevelopmental implications.Key parameters,including Evans’index,Levene’s index,and the Cella Media index,as well as volumetric and diffusion-based MRI techniques,have been explored for their diagnostic and prognostic value.Advances in automated image analysis and artificial intelligence have further improved measurement precision and reproducibility.Despite these developments,challenges remain in standar-dizing imaging protocols and establishing normative reference values across different pediatric populations.This review highlights the strengths and limita-tions of current imaging approaches,emphasizing the need for consistent metho-dologies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient management in hydrocephalus.
基金Supported by the Medical Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Health Commission,No.2024WSJK110.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological substrates underlying depression,the intricate patterns of disrupted brain network connectivity in adolescents warrant further exploration.AIM To elucidate the neural correlates of adolescent depression by examining brain network connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).METHODS The study cohort comprised 74 depressed adolescents and 59 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years.Participants underwent rs-fMRI to evaluate functional connectivity within and across critical brain networks,including the visual,default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention,salience,somatomotor,and frontoparietal control networks.RESULTS Analyses revealed pronounced functional disparities within key neural circuits among adolescents with depression.The results demonstrated existence of hemispheric asymmetries characterized by enhanced activity in the left visual network,which contrasted the diminished activity in the right hemisphere.The DMN facilitated increased activity within the left prefrontal cortex and reduced engagement in the right hemisphere,implicating disrupted self-referential and emotional processing mechanisms.Additionally,an overactive right dorsal attention network and a hypoactive salience network were identified,underscoring significant abnormalities in attentional and emotional regulation in adolescent depression.CONCLUSION The findings from this study underscore distinct neural connectivity disruptions in adolescent depression,underscoring the critical role of specific neurobiological markers for precise early diagnosis of adolescent depression.The observed functional asymmetries and network-specific deviations elucidate the complex neurobiological architecture of adolescent depression,supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
文摘Major depressive disorder(MDD),a psychiatric disorder characterized by functional brain deficits,poses considerable diagnostic and treatment challenges,especially in adolescents owing to varying clinical presentations.Biomarkers hold substantial clinical potential in the field of mental health,enabling objective assessments of physiological and pathological states,facilitating early diagnosis,and enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.Recent breakthroughs combine neuroimaging with machine learning(ML)to distinguish brain activity patterns between MDD patients and healthy controls,paving the way for diagnostic support and personalized treatment.However,the accuracy of the results depends on the selection of neuroimaging features and algorithms.Ensuring privacy protection,ML model accuracy,and fostering trust are essential steps prior to clinical implementation.Future research should prioritize the establishment of comprehensive legal frameworks and regulatory mechanisms for using ML in MDD diagnosis while safeguarding patient privacy and rights.By doing so,we can advance accuracy and personalized care for MDD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071419Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou,No.202206010086+1 种基金High-level Hospital Construction Project,No.DFJH201907Supporting Research Funds for Outstanding Young Medical Talents in Guangdong Province,No.KJ012019442(all to YZ)。
文摘The dichotomized brain system is a concept that was generalized from the‘dual syndrome hypothesis’to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment,in which anterior and posterior brain systems are independent but partially overlap.The dopaminergic system acts on the anterior brain and is responsible for executive function,working memory,and planning.In contrast,the cholinergic system acts on the posterior brain and is responsible for semantic fluency and visuospatial function.Evidence from dopaminergic/cholinergic imaging or functional neuroimaging has shed significant insight relating to the involvement of the cerebellum in the cognitive process of patients with Parkinson’s disease.Previous research has reported evidence that the cerebellum receives both dopaminergic and cholinergic projections.However,whether these two neurotransmitter systems are associated with cognitive function has yet to be fully elucidated.Furthermore,the precise role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment remains unclear.Therefore,in this review,we summarize the cerebellar dopaminergic and cholinergic projections and their relationships with cognition,as reported by previous studies,and investigated the role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment,as determined by functional neuroimaging.Our findings will help us to understand the role of the cerebellum in the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.
文摘BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers based on amygdala functional connectivity(FC).AIM To investigate the analysis of neuroimaging biomarkers as a streamlined approach for the diagnosis of MDD in adolescents.METHODS Forty-four adolescents diagnosed with MDD and 43 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,the FC was compared between the adolescents with MDD and the healthy controls,with the bilateral amygdala serving as the seed point,followed by statistical analysis of the results.The support vector machine(SVM)method was then applied to classify functional connections in various brain regions and to evaluate the neurophysiological characteristics associated with MDD.RESULTS Compared to the controls and using the bilateral amygdala as the region of interest,patients with MDD showed significantly lower FC values in the left inferior temporal gyrus,bilateral calcarine,right lingual gyrus,and left superior occipital gyrus.However,there was an increase in the FC value in Vermis-10.The SVM analysis revealed that the reduction in the FC value in the right lingual gyrus could effectively differentiate patients with MDD from healthy controls,achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 83.91%,sensitivity of 79.55%,specificity of 88.37%,and an area under the curve of 67.65%.CONCLUSION The results showed that an abnormal FC value in the right lingual gyrus was effective as a neuroimaging biomarker to distinguish patients with MDD from healthy controls.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China,Nos.2022NSFSC1545 (to YG),2022NSFSC1387 (to ZF)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China,Nos.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0038,cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0035 (both to XT)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82001378 (to XT)the Joint Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau,No.2023QNXM009 (to XT)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China,No.KJQN202200435 (to XT)the Chongqing Talents:Exceptional Young Talents Project,No.CQYC202005014 (to XT)。
文摘Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges.Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice.An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tra ctography,diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography,fiber ball imagingbased tra ctography,electroencephalography,functional magnetic resonance imaging,magnetoencephalography,positron emission tomography,molecular imaging,and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks.In this review,we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy,and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and clinical application ranges of each technique.A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies,new data analysis software,a combination of multiple techniques,and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.
文摘The development of 7‐Tesla(7T)magnetic resonance imaging systems has opened new avenues for exploring the advantages of diffusion imaging at higher field strengths,especially in neuroscience research.This review investigates whether 7T diffusion imaging offers significant benefits over lower field strengths by addressing the following:Technical challenges and corresponding strategies:Challenges include achieving shorter transverse relaxation/effective transverse relaxation times and greater B0 and B1 inhomogeneities.Advanced techniques including high‐performance gradient systems,parallel imaging,multi‐shot acquisition,and parallel transmission can mitigate these issues.Comparison of 3‐Tesla and 7T diffusion imaging:Technologies such as multiplexed sensitivity encoding and deep learning reconstruction(DLR)have been developed to mitigate artifacts and improve image quality.This comparative analysis demonstrates significant improvements in the signal‐to‐noise ratio and spatial resolution at 7T with a powerful gradient system,facilitating enhanced visualization of microstructural changes.Despite greater geometric distortions and signal inhomogeneity at 7T,the system shows clear advantages in high b‐value imaging and highresolution diffusion tensor imaging.Additionally,multiplexed sensitivity encoding significantly reduces image blurring and distortion,and DLR substantially improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio and image sharpness.7T diffusion applications in structural analysis and disease characterization:This review discusses the potential applications of 7T diffusion imaging in structural analysis and disease characterization.
基金Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province(2021JC-02)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province(2022TD-44)+3 种基金Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2022GXLH-01-22)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101601)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023T160517,2021M702612)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Schizophrenia is a complex and serious brain disorder.Neuroscientists have become increasingly interested in using magnetic resonance-based brain imaging-derived phenotypes(IDPs)to investigate the etiology of psychiatric disorders.IDPs capture valuable clinical advantages and hold biological significance in identifying brain abnormalities.In this review,we aim to discuss current and prospective approaches to identify potential biomarkers for schizophrenia using clinical multimodal neuroimaging and imaging genetics.We first described IDPs through their phenotypic classification and neuroimaging genomics.Secondly,we discussed the applications of multimodal neuroimaging by clinical evidence in observational studies and randomized controlled trials.Thirdly,considering the genetic evidence of IDPs,we discussed how can utilize neuroimaging data as an intermediate phenotype to make association inferences by polygenic risk scores and Mendelian randomization.Finally,we discussed machine learning as an optimum approach for validating biomarkers.Together,future research efforts focused on neuroimaging biomarkers aim to enhance our understanding of schizophrenia.
文摘●AIM:To assess the necessity of neuroimaging in patients with neurological or atypical findings of normal tension glaucoma(NTG)who do not exhibit typical glaucoma manifestations.●METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 atypical NTG patients who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)due to atypical symptoms.The demographic characteristics,clinical parameters,and radiological findings were recorded.●RESULTS:Among the patients,66.7%had abnormal radiology results,with the most common findings being gliosis(34.4%),sequelae of cerebrovascular events and vascular malformations(14.4%),and benign intracranial mass lesions(11%).Non-glaucomatous visual field defects were more frequently observed in patients with abnormal neuroimaging results.However,there were no significant differences in intraocular pressure,optic disc parameters,retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,and visual field indices between patients with normal and abnormal radiological results.The mean age of the patients was 58.74y.Interestingly,there was a significant age difference,with the abnormal radiology group having a higher median age(P=0.021).●CONCLUSION:The study highlights the importance of cranial imaging in older NTG patients to detect underlying pathologies and prevent misdiagnosis.It suggests that neuroimaging may be warranted in NTG patients with atypical visual field defects incompatible with glaucoma.However,routine neuroimaging in all NTG patients without classic neurological signs may not be necessary.
基金Supported by the Guizhou Province Science and Technology Plan Project,No.ZK-2023-1952021 Health Commission of Guizhou Province Project,No.gzwkj2021-150.
文摘BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)in adolescents and young adults contributes significantly to global morbidity,with inconsistent findings on brain structural changes from structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.Activation likeli-hood estimation(ALE)offers a method to synthesize these diverse findings and identify consistent brain anomalies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for neuroi-maging studies on MDD among adolescents and young adults published up to November 19,2023.Two independent researchers performed the study selection,quality assessment,and data extraction.The ALE technique was employed to synthesize findings on localized brain function anomalies in MDD patients,which was supplemented by sensitivity analyses.RESULTS Twenty-two studies comprising fourteen diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)studies and eight voxel-based morphome-try(VBM)studies,and involving 451 MDD patients and 465 healthy controls(HCs)for DTI and 664 MDD patients and 946 HCs for VBM,were included.DTI-based ALE demonstrated significant reductions in fractional anisotropy(FA)values in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in adolescents and young adults with MDD compared to HCs,with no regions exhibiting increased FA values.VBM-based ALE did not demonstrate significant alterations in gray matter volume.Sensitivity analyses highlighted consistent findings in the right caudate head(11 of 14 analyses),right insula(10 of 14 analyses),and right lentiform nucleus putamen(11 of 14 analyses).CONCLUSION Structural alterations in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in young MDD patients may contribute to its recurrent nature,offering insights for targeted therapies.
文摘BACKGROUND After approval for clinical use in 2017,early investigations of ultra-high-field abdominal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)have demonstrated its feasibility as well as diagnostic capabilities in neuroimaging.However,there are no to few systematic reviews covering the entirety of its neurosurgical applications as well as the trends in the literature with regard to the aforementioned application.AIM To assess the impact of 7-Tesla MRI(7T MRI)on neurosurgery,focusing on its applications in diagnosis,treatment planning,and postoperative assessment,and to systematically analyze and identify patterns and trends in the existing literature related to the utilization of 7T MRI in neurosurgical contexts.METHODS A systematic search of PubMed was conducted for studies published between January 1,2017,and December 31,2023,using MeSH terms related to 7T MRI and neurosurgery.The inclusion criteria were:Studies involving patients of all ages,meta-analyses,systematic reviews,and original research.The exclusion criteria were:Pre-prints,studies with insufficient data(e.g.,case reports and letters),non-English publications,and studies involving animal subjects.Data synthesis involved standardized extraction forms,and a narrative synthesis was performed.RESULTS We identified 219 records from PubMed within our defined period,with no duplicates or exclusions before screening.After screening,125 articles were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria,leaving 94 reports.Of these,2 were irrelevant to neurosurgery and 7 were animal studies,resulting in 85 studies included in our systematic review.Data were categorized by neurosurgical procedures and diseases treated using 7T MRI.We also analyzed publications by country and the number of 7T MRI facilities per country was also presented.Experi-mental studies were classified into comparison and non-comparison studies based on whether 7T MRI was compared to lower field strengths.CONCLUSION 7T MRI holds great potential in improving the characterization and understanding of various neurological and psychiatric conditions that may be neurosurgically treated.These include epilepsy,pituitary adenoma,Parkinson's disease,cerebrovascular diseases,trigeminal neuralgia,traumatic head injury,multiple sclerosis,glioma,and psychiatric disorders.Superiority of 7T MRI over lower field strengths was demonstrated in terms of image quality,lesion detection,and tissue characterization.Findings suggest the need for accelerated global distribution of 7T magnetic resonance systems and increased training for radiologists to ensure safe and effective integration into routine clinical practice.
