In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate co...In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering： neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity （via a neuroimaging modality） through a neural interface （invasive or noninvasive） and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering--to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole- brain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological and mental disorders.展开更多
Detecting and diagnosing neurological diseases in modern healthcare presents substantial challenges that directly impact patient outcomes.The complex nature of these conditions demands precise and quantitative monitor...Detecting and diagnosing neurological diseases in modern healthcare presents substantial challenges that directly impact patient outcomes.The complex nature of these conditions demands precise and quantitative monitoring of disease-associated biomarkers in a continuous,real-time manner.Current chemical sensing strategies exhibit restricted clinical effectiveness due to labor-intensive laboratory analysis prerequisites,dependence on clinician expertise,and prolonged and recurrent interventions.Bio-integrated electronics for chemical sensing is an emerging,multidisciplinary field enabled by rapid advances in electrical engineering,biosensing,materials science,analytical chemistry,and biomedical engineering.This review presents an overview of recent progress in bio-integrated electrochemical sensors,with an emphasis on their relevance to neuroengineering and neuro-modulation.It traverses vital neurological biomarkers and explores bio-recognition elements,sensing strategies,transducer designs,and wireless signal transmission methods.The integration of in vivo biochemical sensors is showcased through applications.The review concludes by outlining future trends and advancements in in vivo electrochemical sensing,and highlighting ongoing research and technological innovation,which aims to provide inspiring and practical instructions for future research.展开更多
Objectives: Significant advances in neurosciences will result from research focused on the non‐contact treatment of the nervous tissue(NT).The objective of the article is to describe a novel non‐contact method of re...Objectives: Significant advances in neurosciences will result from research focused on the non‐contact treatment of the nervous tissue(NT).The objective of the article is to describe a novel non‐contact method of restoration of damaged NT of the human brain and spinal cord that was termed multi‐wave neuro‐bioengineering. Methods: The method includes a purposeful complex program of different therapeutic ionizing and non‐ionizing electromagnetic radiation effects on the damaged NT,which is approved for clinical practice. Exposure of the human brain to a stepwise algorithmized combination of different ionizing and non‐ionizing radiations and simultaneous application of various types of electromagnetic radiation at the specific site of restoration considerably reduce the adverse effects of all types of radiation on NT.Results: The technology for non‐contact restoration of the injured tissue of brain or spinal cord was appiled in 30 cases of neurological disorders using the stereotaxic system, structural resonance therapy, radiotherapy and focused ultrasound. The applied methods are approved for humans and theor programmed combination opens new perspective for the treatment of brain and spinal cord disorders. Conclusions: The approach provides quick restoration of the disordered function of damaged brain tissue and establishes a new paradigm of radio non‐contact neurorestoration of the brain and spinal cord.展开更多
基金supported in part by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (EB006433, EY023101, EB008389,and HL117664)the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (CBET1450956, CBET-1264782, and DGE-1069104),to Bin He
文摘In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering： neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity （via a neuroimaging modality） through a neural interface （invasive or noninvasive） and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering--to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole- brain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological and mental disorders.
基金supported by The Ohio State University start-up funds and the Chronic Brain Injury Pilot Award Program at The Ohio State UniversityThis work was also supported by the Ohio State University Ma-terials Research Seed Grant Program,funded by the Center for Emergent Materials+2 种基金NSF-MRSEC,grant DMR-2011876the Center for Exploration of Novel Complex Materialsthe Institute for Materials Research.J.L.acknowledges the support from National Science Foundation award ECCS-2223387.
文摘Detecting and diagnosing neurological diseases in modern healthcare presents substantial challenges that directly impact patient outcomes.The complex nature of these conditions demands precise and quantitative monitoring of disease-associated biomarkers in a continuous,real-time manner.Current chemical sensing strategies exhibit restricted clinical effectiveness due to labor-intensive laboratory analysis prerequisites,dependence on clinician expertise,and prolonged and recurrent interventions.Bio-integrated electronics for chemical sensing is an emerging,multidisciplinary field enabled by rapid advances in electrical engineering,biosensing,materials science,analytical chemistry,and biomedical engineering.This review presents an overview of recent progress in bio-integrated electrochemical sensors,with an emphasis on their relevance to neuroengineering and neuro-modulation.It traverses vital neurological biomarkers and explores bio-recognition elements,sensing strategies,transducer designs,and wireless signal transmission methods.The integration of in vivo biochemical sensors is showcased through applications.The review concludes by outlining future trends and advancements in in vivo electrochemical sensing,and highlighting ongoing research and technological innovation,which aims to provide inspiring and practical instructions for future research.
文摘Objectives: Significant advances in neurosciences will result from research focused on the non‐contact treatment of the nervous tissue(NT).The objective of the article is to describe a novel non‐contact method of restoration of damaged NT of the human brain and spinal cord that was termed multi‐wave neuro‐bioengineering. Methods: The method includes a purposeful complex program of different therapeutic ionizing and non‐ionizing electromagnetic radiation effects on the damaged NT,which is approved for clinical practice. Exposure of the human brain to a stepwise algorithmized combination of different ionizing and non‐ionizing radiations and simultaneous application of various types of electromagnetic radiation at the specific site of restoration considerably reduce the adverse effects of all types of radiation on NT.Results: The technology for non‐contact restoration of the injured tissue of brain or spinal cord was appiled in 30 cases of neurological disorders using the stereotaxic system, structural resonance therapy, radiotherapy and focused ultrasound. The applied methods are approved for humans and theor programmed combination opens new perspective for the treatment of brain and spinal cord disorders. Conclusions: The approach provides quick restoration of the disordered function of damaged brain tissue and establishes a new paradigm of radio non‐contact neurorestoration of the brain and spinal cord.
