The interfacial performance of implanted neural electrodes is crucial for stimulation safety and the recording quality of neuronal activity.This paper proposes a novel surface architecture and optimization strategy fo...The interfacial performance of implanted neural electrodes is crucial for stimulation safety and the recording quality of neuronal activity.This paper proposes a novel surface architecture and optimization strategy for the platinum–iridium(Pt–Ir)electrode to optimize electrochemical performance and wettability.A series of surface micro/nano structures were fabricated on Pt–Ir electrodes with different combinations of four adjustable laser-processing parameters.Subsequently,the electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and wetting behavior.The results show that electrode performance strongly depends on the surface morphology.Increasing scanning overlap along with moderate pulse energy and the right number of pulses leads to enriched surface micro/nano structures and improved electrode performance.It raises the maximum charge storage capacity to 128.2 mC/cm^(2) and the interface capacitance of electrodes to 3.0×10^(4)μF/cm^(2) for the geometric area,compared with 4.6 mC/cm^(2) and 443.1μF/cm2,respectively,for the smooth Pt–Ir electrode.The corresponding optimal results for the optically measured area are 111.8 mC/cm^(2) and 2.6×10^(4)μF/cm^(2),which indicate the contribution of fner structures to the ablation profle.The hierarchical structures formed by the femtosecond laser dramatically enhanced the wettability of the electrode interface,giving it superwicking properties.A wicking speed of approximately 80 mm/s was reached.Our optimization strategy,leading to superior performance of the superwicking Pt–Ir interface,is promising for use in new neural electrodes.展开更多
The long-term reliability of the neural electrode is closely related to its implantation behavior.In orderto realize the quantitative research of the implantation behavior in a low-cost and accurate way,a refined brai...The long-term reliability of the neural electrode is closely related to its implantation behavior.In orderto realize the quantitative research of the implantation behavior in a low-cost and accurate way,a refined brainmodel containing meninges is proposed.First,the expected simulation material was selected through measuringthe elastic modulus based on the method of atomic force microscope indentation technique.As a result,the 2%(mass fraction)agarose gel simulated the gray and white matter,the 7:1(volume ratio)polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)sheet simulated the pia mater,and the polyvinyl chloride(PVC)film simulated the dura mater.Second,based on designing a three-layer structure mold,the brain model was prepared by inverted pouring to realizea flat implantation surface.Finally,the simulation behavior of the brain model was investigated with the ratbrain as a reference.For mechanical behavior of implantation,the implantation force experienced two peaks bothin the brain model and the rat brain,maximum values of which were 10.17 mN and 7.69 mN respectively.Thelarger implantation force in the brain model will increase the strength requirement for the electrode,but reducethe risk of buckling of that in practical application.For humoral dissolution behavior,the dissolution rates ofthe polyethylene glycol(PEG)coating of the electrode in the brain model and rat brain were 7000μm3/s and5600μm3/s,respectively.The faster dissolution rate in the brain model will cause the larger thickness of thecoating design but provide sufficient implantable time in practical application.The establishment of the brainmodel and the research of its simulated behavior are beneficial to the size design of the electrode substrate andcoating,and research of the implantation mechanism,and further increase the functional life of the electrode.展开更多
Neural electrodes,the core component of neural prostheses,are usually encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS）.However,PDMS can generate a tissue response after implantation.Based on the physicochemical properties...Neural electrodes,the core component of neural prostheses,are usually encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS）.However,PDMS can generate a tissue response after implantation.Based on the physicochemical properties and excellent biocompatibility of polyurethane（PU）and poly（vinyl alcohol）（PVA）when used as coating materials,we synthesized PU/PVA hydrogel coatings and coated the surface of PDMS using plasma treatment,and the cytocompatibility to rat pheochromocytoma（PC12）cells was assessed.Protein adsorption tests indicated that the amount of protein adsorption onto the PDMS substrate was reduced by 92%after coating with the hydrogel.Moreover,the PC12 cells on the PU/PVA-coated PDMS showed higher cell density and longer and more numerous neurites than those on the uncoated PDMS.These results indicate that the PU/PVA hydrogel is cytocompatible and a promising coating material for neural electrodes to improve their biocompatibility.展开更多
Brain-computer interface(BCI)is an advanced technology that establishes a direct connection between the brain and external devices,enabling high-speed and real-time information exchange.In BCI systems,electrodes are k...Brain-computer interface(BCI)is an advanced technology that establishes a direct connection between the brain and external devices,enabling high-speed and real-time information exchange.In BCI systems,electrodes are key interface devices responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and external devices,including recording electrophysiological signals and electrically stimulating nerves.Early BCI electrodes were mainly composed of rigid materials.The mismatch in Young's modulus between rigid electrodes and soft biological tissue can lead to rejection reactions within the biological system,resulting in electrode failure.Furthermore,rigid electrodes are prone to damaging biological tissues during implantation and use.Recently,flexible electrodes have garnered attention in the field of brain science research due to their better adaptability to the softness and curvature of the brain.The design of flexible electrodes can effectively reduce mechanical damage to neural tissue and improve the accuracy and stability of signal transmission,providing new tools and methods for exploring brain function mechanisms and developing novel neural interface technologies.Here,we review the research advancements in neural electrodes for BCI systems.This paper emphasizes the importance of neural electrodes in BCI systems,discusses the limitations of traditional rigid neural electrodes,and introduces various types of flexible neural electrodes in detail.In addition,we also explore practical application scenarios and future development trends of BCI electrode technology,aiming to offer valuable insights for enhancing the performance and user experience of BCI systems.展开更多
Electro-deposition, electrical activation, thermal oxidation, and reactive ion sputtering are the four primary methods to fabricate iridium oxide film. Among these methods, reactive ion sputtering is a commonly used m...Electro-deposition, electrical activation, thermal oxidation, and reactive ion sputtering are the four primary methods to fabricate iridium oxide film. Among these methods, reactive ion sputtering is a commonly used method in standard micro-fabrication processes. In different sputtering conditions, the component, texture, and electrochemistry character of iridium oxide varies considerably. To fabricate the iridium oxide film compatible with the wafer-level processing of neural electrodes, the quality of iridium oxide film must be able to withstand the mechanical and chemical impact of post-processing, and simultaneously achieve good performance as a neural electrode. In this study, parameters of sputtering were researched and developed to achieve a balance between mechanical stability and good electrochemical characteristics of iridium oxide film on electrode. Iridium oxide fabricating process combined with fabrication flow of silicon electrodes, at wafer-level, is introduced to produce silicon based planar iridium oxide neural electrodes. Compared with bare gold electrodes, iridium oxide electrodes fabricated with this method exhibit particularly good electrochemical stability, low impedance of 386 kW at 1 kH z, high safe charge storage capacity of 3.2 m C/cm^2, and good impedance consistency of less than 25% fluctuation.展开更多
The biocompatibility of silicone rubber （SR） based electrodes coating with poly （vinyl alcohol） （PVA） films after implanted in the brain of rats was investigated. Twenty-two Wistar rats were used and implanted w...The biocompatibility of silicone rubber （SR） based electrodes coating with poly （vinyl alcohol） （PVA） films after implanted in the brain of rats was investigated. Twenty-two Wistar rats were used and implanted with SR electrodes and PVA/PAA films coated electrodes in left and right cerebral cortex respectively. After 4 and 8 weeks, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP, a specific marker of astrocytes） and cluster of differentiation 68 （CD68, a specific marker of macrophages） were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. After 8 weeks, GFAP and CD68 expressions around PVA electrodes were significantly lower than those around SR electrodes in every stratified area （0-50 μm, 50-100 μm, 100 μm from further up to the electrode-tissue interface）. The resuits show that PVA coating can reduce the expressions of GFAP and CD68, suggesting the PVA coating can improve the biocompatibility of the SR while it is implanted in brain.展开更多
Advances in neural electrode technologies can have a significant impact on both fundamental and applied neuroscience. Here, we report the development of flexible and biocompatible neural electrode arrays based on a na...Advances in neural electrode technologies can have a significant impact on both fundamental and applied neuroscience. Here, we report the development of flexible and biocompatible neural electrode arrays based on a nanopaper substrate. Nanopaper has important advantages with respect to polymers such as hydrophilicity and water wettability, which result in significantly enhanced biocompatibility, as confirmed by both in vitro viability assays and in vivo histological analysis. In addition, nanopaper exhibits high flexibility and good shape stability. Hence, nanopaper-based neural electrode arrays can conform to the convoluted cortical surface of a rat brain and allow stable multisite recording of epileptiform activity in vivo. Our results show that nanopaper-based electrode arrays represent promising candidates for the flexible and biocompatible recording of the neural activity.展开更多
Conducting polymers(CPs),including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),are promising coating materials for neural electrodes.However,the weak adhesion of CP coatings to substrates such a...Conducting polymers(CPs),including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),are promising coating materials for neural electrodes.However,the weak adhesion of CP coatings to substrates such as platinum-iridium is a significant challenge that limits their practical application.To address this issue,we used femtosecond laser-prepared hierarchical structures on platinum-iridium(Pt-Ir)substrates to enhance the adhesion of PEDOT:PSS coatings.Next,we used cyclic voltammetry(CV)stress and accelerated aging tests to evaluate the stability of both drop cast and electrodeposited PEDOT:PSS coatings on Pt-Ir substrates,both with and without hierarchical structures.Our results showed that after 2000 CV cycles or five weeks of aging at 60℃,the morphology and electrochemical properties of the coatings on the Pt-Ir substrates with hierarchical structures remained relatively stable.In contrast,we found that smooth Pt-Ir substrate surfaces caused delamination of the PEDOT:PSS coating and exhibited both decreased charge storage capacity and increased impedance.Overall,enhancing the stability of PEDOT:PSS coatings used on common platinum-iridium neural electrodes offers great potential for improving their electrochemical performance and developing new functionalities.展开更多
Platinum （Pt） implants coated with poly （3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene）/carbon nanotube （PEDOT/CNT） composite films were implanted into the brain of rats, and the brain response was evaluated 6 weeks after the imp...Platinum （Pt） implants coated with poly （3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene）/carbon nanotube （PEDOT/CNT） composite films were implanted into the brain of rats, and the brain response was evaluated 6 weeks after the implantation. The surface morphology of Pt implants with and without the PEDOT/CNT coating was studied using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. After 6 weeks post-implantation, the expression of laminin （vascular endothelial marker） and neuronal nuclei （NeuN, neuronal marker） were evaluated by immnohistochemistry. It is revealed that the obvious improvements of the surface density of blood vessels and neurons aound the Pt implants with the coating, which were evidenced by laminin and NeuN staining in the zone within the distance of 150 μm to the implant interface. These results suggest the PEDOT/CNT composite films can improve the biocompatibility of the Pt electrodes while it is implanted in brain.展开更多
Implantable neural electrodes are key components of brain-computer interfaces(BCI),but the mismatch in mechanical and biological properties between electrode materials and brain tissue can lead to foreign body reactio...Implantable neural electrodes are key components of brain-computer interfaces(BCI),but the mismatch in mechanical and biological properties between electrode materials and brain tissue can lead to foreign body reactions and glial scarring,and subsequently compromise the long-term stability of electrical signal transmission.In this study,we proposed a new concept for the design and bioaugmentation of implantable electrodes(bio-array electrodes)featuring a heterogeneous gradient structure.Different composite polyaniline-gelatin-alginate based conductive hydrogel formulations were developed for electrode surface coating.In addition,the design,materials,and performance of the developed electrode was optimized through a combination of numerical simulations and physio-chemical characterizations.The long-term biological performance of the bio-array electrodes were investigated in vivo using a C57 mouse model.It was found that compared to metal array electrodes,the surface charge of the bio-array electrodes increased by 1.74 times,and the impedance at 1 kHz decreased by 63.17%,with a doubling of the average capacitance.Long-term animal experiments showed that the bio-array electrodes could consistently record 2.5 times more signals than those of the metal array electrodes,and the signal-to-noise ratio based on action potentials was 2.1 times higher.The study investigated the mechanisms of suppressing the scarring effect by the bioaugmented design,revealing reduces brain damage as a result of the interface biocompatibility between the bio-array electrodes and brain tissue,and confirmed the long-term in vivo stability of the bio-array electrodes.展开更多
Transparent electro-optical neural interfacing technologies offer simultaneous high-spatial-resolution microscopic imaging,and high-temporal-resolution electrical recording and stimulation.However,fabricating transpar...Transparent electro-optical neural interfacing technologies offer simultaneous high-spatial-resolution microscopic imaging,and high-temporal-resolution electrical recording and stimulation.However,fabricating transparent,flexible,and mechanically robust neural electrodes with high electrochemical performance remains challenging.In this study,we fabricated transparent(72.7%at 570 nm),mechanically robust(0.05%resistance change after 50k bending cycles)ultrathin Au microelectrodes for micro-electrocorticography(µECoG)using a hexadentate metal-polymer ligand bonding with an EDTA/PSS seed layer.These transparentµECoG arrays,fabricated with biocompatible gold,exhibit excellent electrochemical properties(0.73Ω·cm^(2))for neural recording and stimulation with long-term stability.We recorded brain surface waves in vivo,maintaining a low baseline noise and a high signalto-noise ratio during acute and two-week recordings.In addition,we successfully performed optogenetic modulation without light-induced artifacts at 7.32 mW/mm^(2)laser power density.This approach shows great potential for scalable,implantable neural electrodes and wearable optoelectronic devices in digital healthcare systems.展开更多
The pursuit of precisely recording and localizing neural activities in brain cortical regions drives the development of advanced electrocorticography(ECoG)devices.Remarkable progress has led to the emergence of micro-...The pursuit of precisely recording and localizing neural activities in brain cortical regions drives the development of advanced electrocorticography(ECoG)devices.Remarkable progress has led to the emergence of micro-ECoG(μECoG)devices with sub-millimeter resolutions.This review presents the current research status,development directions,potential innovations and applications of high-density,high-throughputμECoG devices.First,we summarize the challenges associated with accurately recording single or multiple neurons using existingμECoG devices,including passive multielectrode and active transistor arrays.Second,we focus on cutting-edge advancements in passiveμECoG devices by discussing the design principles and fabrication strategies to optimize three key parameters:impedance,mechanical flexibility,and biocompatibility.Furthermore,recent findings highlight the need for further research and development in active transistor arrays,including silicon,metal oxide,and solution-gated transistors.These active transistor arrays have the potential to unlock the capabilities of high-density,high-throughputμECoG devices and overcome the limitations of passive multielectrode arrays.The review explores the potential innovations and applications ofμECoG devices,showcasing their effectiveness for both brain science research and clinical applications.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51777115 and 81527901)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFC0105502 and 2016YFC0105900)Tsinghua University Intiative Scientifc Research Program and Major Achievements Transformation Project of Beijing’s College.
文摘The interfacial performance of implanted neural electrodes is crucial for stimulation safety and the recording quality of neuronal activity.This paper proposes a novel surface architecture and optimization strategy for the platinum–iridium(Pt–Ir)electrode to optimize electrochemical performance and wettability.A series of surface micro/nano structures were fabricated on Pt–Ir electrodes with different combinations of four adjustable laser-processing parameters.Subsequently,the electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and wetting behavior.The results show that electrode performance strongly depends on the surface morphology.Increasing scanning overlap along with moderate pulse energy and the right number of pulses leads to enriched surface micro/nano structures and improved electrode performance.It raises the maximum charge storage capacity to 128.2 mC/cm^(2) and the interface capacitance of electrodes to 3.0×10^(4)μF/cm^(2) for the geometric area,compared with 4.6 mC/cm^(2) and 443.1μF/cm2,respectively,for the smooth Pt–Ir electrode.The corresponding optimal results for the optically measured area are 111.8 mC/cm^(2) and 2.6×10^(4)μF/cm^(2),which indicate the contribution of fner structures to the ablation profle.The hierarchical structures formed by the femtosecond laser dramatically enhanced the wettability of the electrode interface,giving it superwicking properties.A wicking speed of approximately 80 mm/s was reached.Our optimization strategy,leading to superior performance of the superwicking Pt–Ir interface,is promising for use in new neural electrodes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51675330)。
文摘The long-term reliability of the neural electrode is closely related to its implantation behavior.In orderto realize the quantitative research of the implantation behavior in a low-cost and accurate way,a refined brainmodel containing meninges is proposed.First,the expected simulation material was selected through measuringthe elastic modulus based on the method of atomic force microscope indentation technique.As a result,the 2%(mass fraction)agarose gel simulated the gray and white matter,the 7:1(volume ratio)polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)sheet simulated the pia mater,and the polyvinyl chloride(PVC)film simulated the dura mater.Second,based on designing a three-layer structure mold,the brain model was prepared by inverted pouring to realizea flat implantation surface.Finally,the simulation behavior of the brain model was investigated with the ratbrain as a reference.For mechanical behavior of implantation,the implantation force experienced two peaks bothin the brain model and the rat brain,maximum values of which were 10.17 mN and 7.69 mN respectively.Thelarger implantation force in the brain model will increase the strength requirement for the electrode,but reducethe risk of buckling of that in practical application.For humoral dissolution behavior,the dissolution rates ofthe polyethylene glycol(PEG)coating of the electrode in the brain model and rat brain were 7000μm3/s and5600μm3/s,respectively.The faster dissolution rate in the brain model will cause the larger thickness of thecoating design but provide sufficient implantable time in practical application.The establishment of the brainmodel and the research of its simulated behavior are beneficial to the size design of the electrode substrate andcoating,and research of the implantation mechanism,and further increase the functional life of the electrode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81170768grant from the Fundamental Research Project of Shanxi Province of China,No.2015021079
文摘Neural electrodes,the core component of neural prostheses,are usually encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS）.However,PDMS can generate a tissue response after implantation.Based on the physicochemical properties and excellent biocompatibility of polyurethane（PU）and poly（vinyl alcohol）（PVA）when used as coating materials,we synthesized PU/PVA hydrogel coatings and coated the surface of PDMS using plasma treatment,and the cytocompatibility to rat pheochromocytoma（PC12）cells was assessed.Protein adsorption tests indicated that the amount of protein adsorption onto the PDMS substrate was reduced by 92%after coating with the hydrogel.Moreover,the PC12 cells on the PU/PVA-coated PDMS showed higher cell density and longer and more numerous neurites than those on the uncoated PDMS.These results indicate that the PU/PVA hydrogel is cytocompatible and a promising coating material for neural electrodes to improve their biocompatibility.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52173237,52473255:Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Numbers:HIT.NSRIF 202315,HIT.OCEF.2022018Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,Grant/Award Numbers:LH2021B009,LH2022E051+1 种基金Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of HIT,Grant/Award Number:IR2021207Open Project Program of Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electric Bandgap Materials,Grant/Award Number:PEBM202107。
文摘Brain-computer interface(BCI)is an advanced technology that establishes a direct connection between the brain and external devices,enabling high-speed and real-time information exchange.In BCI systems,electrodes are key interface devices responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and external devices,including recording electrophysiological signals and electrically stimulating nerves.Early BCI electrodes were mainly composed of rigid materials.The mismatch in Young's modulus between rigid electrodes and soft biological tissue can lead to rejection reactions within the biological system,resulting in electrode failure.Furthermore,rigid electrodes are prone to damaging biological tissues during implantation and use.Recently,flexible electrodes have garnered attention in the field of brain science research due to their better adaptability to the softness and curvature of the brain.The design of flexible electrodes can effectively reduce mechanical damage to neural tissue and improve the accuracy and stability of signal transmission,providing new tools and methods for exploring brain function mechanisms and developing novel neural interface technologies.Here,we review the research advancements in neural electrodes for BCI systems.This paper emphasizes the importance of neural electrodes in BCI systems,discusses the limitations of traditional rigid neural electrodes,and introduces various types of flexible neural electrodes in detail.In addition,we also explore practical application scenarios and future development trends of BCI electrode technology,aiming to offer valuable insights for enhancing the performance and user experience of BCI systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61335010,61275145,61275200&61275145)the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China("863"Project)(Grant No.2013AA032204)+1 种基金the Brain Vanguard Technology Crossover Cooperation Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences(GrantNo.KJZD-EW-L11-01)the Recruitment Program for Young Professionals
文摘Electro-deposition, electrical activation, thermal oxidation, and reactive ion sputtering are the four primary methods to fabricate iridium oxide film. Among these methods, reactive ion sputtering is a commonly used method in standard micro-fabrication processes. In different sputtering conditions, the component, texture, and electrochemistry character of iridium oxide varies considerably. To fabricate the iridium oxide film compatible with the wafer-level processing of neural electrodes, the quality of iridium oxide film must be able to withstand the mechanical and chemical impact of post-processing, and simultaneously achieve good performance as a neural electrode. In this study, parameters of sputtering were researched and developed to achieve a balance between mechanical stability and good electrochemical characteristics of iridium oxide film on electrode. Iridium oxide fabricating process combined with fabrication flow of silicon electrodes, at wafer-level, is introduced to produce silicon based planar iridium oxide neural electrodes. Compared with bare gold electrodes, iridium oxide electrodes fabricated with this method exhibit particularly good electrochemical stability, low impedance of 386 kW at 1 kH z, high safe charge storage capacity of 3.2 m C/cm^2, and good impedance consistency of less than 25% fluctuation.
基金Funded by the "863" Program of China (No.2006AA02Z4E6)the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.30570516)
文摘The biocompatibility of silicone rubber （SR） based electrodes coating with poly （vinyl alcohol） （PVA） films after implanted in the brain of rats was investigated. Twenty-two Wistar rats were used and implanted with SR electrodes and PVA/PAA films coated electrodes in left and right cerebral cortex respectively. After 4 and 8 weeks, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP, a specific marker of astrocytes） and cluster of differentiation 68 （CD68, a specific marker of macrophages） were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. After 8 weeks, GFAP and CD68 expressions around PVA electrodes were significantly lower than those around SR electrodes in every stratified area （0-50 μm, 50-100 μm, 100 μm from further up to the electrode-tissue interface）. The resuits show that PVA coating can reduce the expressions of GFAP and CD68, suggesting the PVA coating can improve the biocompatibility of the SR while it is implanted in brain.
基金We thank Prof. Qingfei Liu from School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Tsinghua University for his kind help in cellulose homogenization. We thank Yuchen Lin for his help in AFM analysis. Y. F. thanks to the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21673057 and 31600868） and Beijing Science and Technology Program （No. Z161100002116010）. H. B. L. thanks to the support from BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd. under the project of nanopaper-based multifunctional flexible sensors and the National Key R＆D Program of China （No. 2017YFF0209901）.
文摘Advances in neural electrode technologies can have a significant impact on both fundamental and applied neuroscience. Here, we report the development of flexible and biocompatible neural electrode arrays based on a nanopaper substrate. Nanopaper has important advantages with respect to polymers such as hydrophilicity and water wettability, which result in significantly enhanced biocompatibility, as confirmed by both in vitro viability assays and in vivo histological analysis. In addition, nanopaper exhibits high flexibility and good shape stability. Hence, nanopaper-based neural electrode arrays can conform to the convoluted cortical surface of a rat brain and allow stable multisite recording of epileptiform activity in vivo. Our results show that nanopaper-based electrode arrays represent promising candidates for the flexible and biocompatible recording of the neural activity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2400201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81830033)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2023J05097)the Young and Middle-aged Teacher Education Research Project of the Education Department of Fujian Province,China(No.JAT220004)。
文摘Conducting polymers(CPs),including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),are promising coating materials for neural electrodes.However,the weak adhesion of CP coatings to substrates such as platinum-iridium is a significant challenge that limits their practical application.To address this issue,we used femtosecond laser-prepared hierarchical structures on platinum-iridium(Pt-Ir)substrates to enhance the adhesion of PEDOT:PSS coatings.Next,we used cyclic voltammetry(CV)stress and accelerated aging tests to evaluate the stability of both drop cast and electrodeposited PEDOT:PSS coatings on Pt-Ir substrates,both with and without hierarchical structures.Our results showed that after 2000 CV cycles or five weeks of aging at 60℃,the morphology and electrochemical properties of the coatings on the Pt-Ir substrates with hierarchical structures remained relatively stable.In contrast,we found that smooth Pt-Ir substrate surfaces caused delamination of the PEDOT:PSS coating and exhibited both decreased charge storage capacity and increased impedance.Overall,enhancing the stability of PEDOT:PSS coatings used on common platinum-iridium neural electrodes offers great potential for improving their electrochemical performance and developing new functionalities.
基金Funded by the High Tech Research and Development ("863") Program of China (2006AA02Z4E6)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21073136, 81271364)
文摘Platinum （Pt） implants coated with poly （3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene）/carbon nanotube （PEDOT/CNT） composite films were implanted into the brain of rats, and the brain response was evaluated 6 weeks after the implantation. The surface morphology of Pt implants with and without the PEDOT/CNT coating was studied using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. After 6 weeks post-implantation, the expression of laminin （vascular endothelial marker） and neuronal nuclei （NeuN, neuronal marker） were evaluated by immnohistochemistry. It is revealed that the obvious improvements of the surface density of blood vessels and neurons aound the Pt implants with the coating, which were evidenced by laminin and NeuN staining in the zone within the distance of 150 μm to the implant interface. These results suggest the PEDOT/CNT composite films can improve the biocompatibility of the Pt electrodes while it is implanted in brain.
基金supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China[52275291],[52435006]the Program for Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2023-CX-TD-17)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Implantable neural electrodes are key components of brain-computer interfaces(BCI),but the mismatch in mechanical and biological properties between electrode materials and brain tissue can lead to foreign body reactions and glial scarring,and subsequently compromise the long-term stability of electrical signal transmission.In this study,we proposed a new concept for the design and bioaugmentation of implantable electrodes(bio-array electrodes)featuring a heterogeneous gradient structure.Different composite polyaniline-gelatin-alginate based conductive hydrogel formulations were developed for electrode surface coating.In addition,the design,materials,and performance of the developed electrode was optimized through a combination of numerical simulations and physio-chemical characterizations.The long-term biological performance of the bio-array electrodes were investigated in vivo using a C57 mouse model.It was found that compared to metal array electrodes,the surface charge of the bio-array electrodes increased by 1.74 times,and the impedance at 1 kHz decreased by 63.17%,with a doubling of the average capacitance.Long-term animal experiments showed that the bio-array electrodes could consistently record 2.5 times more signals than those of the metal array electrodes,and the signal-to-noise ratio based on action potentials was 2.1 times higher.The study investigated the mechanisms of suppressing the scarring effect by the bioaugmented design,revealing reduces brain damage as a result of the interface biocompatibility between the bio-array electrodes and brain tissue,and confirmed the long-term in vivo stability of the bio-array electrodes.
基金supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2022-NR069917,RS-2024-00416319)in part by the‘DGIST intramural grant’(25-IRJoint-03)+1 种基金in part by an Ideas Grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)of Australia(APP1188414)in part by the Interdisciplinary Research Initiatives Program from College of Engineering and College of Medicine,Seoul National University(grant no.800-20240490).
文摘Transparent electro-optical neural interfacing technologies offer simultaneous high-spatial-resolution microscopic imaging,and high-temporal-resolution electrical recording and stimulation.However,fabricating transparent,flexible,and mechanically robust neural electrodes with high electrochemical performance remains challenging.In this study,we fabricated transparent(72.7%at 570 nm),mechanically robust(0.05%resistance change after 50k bending cycles)ultrathin Au microelectrodes for micro-electrocorticography(µECoG)using a hexadentate metal-polymer ligand bonding with an EDTA/PSS seed layer.These transparentµECoG arrays,fabricated with biocompatible gold,exhibit excellent electrochemical properties(0.73Ω·cm^(2))for neural recording and stimulation with long-term stability.We recorded brain surface waves in vivo,maintaining a low baseline noise and a high signalto-noise ratio during acute and two-week recordings.In addition,we successfully performed optogenetic modulation without light-induced artifacts at 7.32 mW/mm^(2)laser power density.This approach shows great potential for scalable,implantable neural electrodes and wearable optoelectronic devices in digital healthcare systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2425003,52272277 and T2241026).
文摘The pursuit of precisely recording and localizing neural activities in brain cortical regions drives the development of advanced electrocorticography(ECoG)devices.Remarkable progress has led to the emergence of micro-ECoG(μECoG)devices with sub-millimeter resolutions.This review presents the current research status,development directions,potential innovations and applications of high-density,high-throughputμECoG devices.First,we summarize the challenges associated with accurately recording single or multiple neurons using existingμECoG devices,including passive multielectrode and active transistor arrays.Second,we focus on cutting-edge advancements in passiveμECoG devices by discussing the design principles and fabrication strategies to optimize three key parameters:impedance,mechanical flexibility,and biocompatibility.Furthermore,recent findings highlight the need for further research and development in active transistor arrays,including silicon,metal oxide,and solution-gated transistors.These active transistor arrays have the potential to unlock the capabilities of high-density,high-throughputμECoG devices and overcome the limitations of passive multielectrode arrays.The review explores the potential innovations and applications ofμECoG devices,showcasing their effectiveness for both brain science research and clinical applications.
