Objective Large numbers of archeological relics from the Neolithic period are widely distributed in all tributaries of the Yellow River. The early humans tended to reside along the river valleys, and developed small b...Objective Large numbers of archeological relics from the Neolithic period are widely distributed in all tributaries of the Yellow River. The early humans tended to reside along the river valleys, and developed small but characteristically decentralized ancient valley culture. It is universally acknowledged that the agriculture exchange between China and western countries and the moderate展开更多
A number of paddy fields pertaining to the Majiabang Cultures (5500-3800 years BC) were discovered during the archaeological excavations that were carried out since 1998 at the Chuodun site in the Yangtze River Delta....A number of paddy fields pertaining to the Majiabang Cultures (5500-3800 years BC) were discovered during the archaeological excavations that were carried out since 1998 at the Chuodun site in the Yangtze River Delta. The pollen and phytolith analyses of two soil profiles from the northeastern part of this site were carried out to trace the agricultural practices of the Neolithic period. The phytolith results showed that rice domestication in the Yangtze River Delta could be traced back to as early as the Majiabang Culture. The pollen assemblage also revealed low levels of aquatic species, similar to that in modern paddy fields. This finding suggested that humans might have removed weeds for rice cultivation during the Neolithic period. Thus, pollen analysis in association with phytolith analysis was a promising method for identifying ancient paddy fields.展开更多
The lower reaches of the Minjiang River and its adjacent areas were among the most active prehistoric archaeological areas in Fujian Province.The accumulation types of Neolithic archaeological strata are roughly divid...The lower reaches of the Minjiang River and its adjacent areas were among the most active prehistoric archaeological areas in Fujian Province.The accumulation types of Neolithic archaeological strata are roughly divided into dune sites and dune/shell mound sites.The sites can also be roughly divided into estuarine,coastal,and sea-island sites based on their geomorphic features.The cultural development of these prehistoric sites is of great significance for understanding the migration and spread of Austronesian civilization.Based on luminescence dating of typical Neolithic sites on Haitan Island,their quartz-OSL(optically stimulated luminecesence)burial ages were determined.Synthesizing previously published results,the temporospatial distribution characteristics of the sea-island sites on Haitan Island are discussed,and the relationship between Neolithic human activities and regional geomorphic processes is analyzed.The results show that:(1)the spatial and temporal distribution of the Haitan Island Neolithic sites are closely related to small-scale geomorphic features and are controlled by mesoscale geomorphic processes.The sites were mainly distributed in the foothills of two high hills along an NNE-SSW trend.With an increase in altitude,the features were distributed as“single site(I)–superimposed site–single site(II)”and appear successively.Single type sites(I)mainly appeared at low sea level,whereas single type sites(II)mainly appeared at high sea level.Superimposed sites were not subject to sea level changes.The relative elevation of the superimposed sites in the study area indicates the optimal residential area for human activities in the region.The single site with an elevation lower than the optimal residential area was mainly restricted by the lowest residential area,whereas the single site at a higher elevation than the optimal residential area was mainly affected by livelihood patterns.(2)High sea level caused by the“backwater effect”in low latitude areas in the southern hemisphere,and coastal aeolian sand activity influenced by sea level fluctuations in the middle Holocene correspond well with human activities recorded in the cultural stratigraphy of sea-island type sites.The altitude of coastal aeolian sand accumulation can be used as an indirect index to estimate the age of coastal dunes.展开更多
The intensification of millet agriculture facilitated the development of ancient civilization in northern China.In Inner Mongolia and the Central Plains,the intensification of millet farming was relatively continuous....The intensification of millet agriculture facilitated the development of ancient civilization in northern China.In Inner Mongolia and the Central Plains,the intensification of millet farming was relatively continuous.However,prior evidence from the western Loess Plateau(WLP)has suggested an indistinct sequence of millet cultivation and a time lag between the initial intensification of millet agriculture and subsequent expansion of millet farming.We report on new stable isotopic data and radiocarbon dates from the Gedachuan site which challenge that interpretation.Our results indicate a gradual intensification and expansion of millet agriculture across the whole WLP.They attest to intensive broomcorn millet-based farming underpinning the emergence and development of the agrarian society in the WLP during the early-middle Yangshao period(∼6300-5500 BP),and to an intensification of the higher-yielding foxtail millet-based farming leading to the rapid growth of population in the WLP and expansion of millet cultivation after 5300 BP.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41571177)
文摘Objective Large numbers of archeological relics from the Neolithic period are widely distributed in all tributaries of the Yellow River. The early humans tended to reside along the river valleys, and developed small but characteristically decentralized ancient valley culture. It is universally acknowledged that the agriculture exchange between China and western countries and the moderate
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. DO115-40335047, D0101-40401002, and D0218-40572178)the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (No. 2002CB410805).
文摘A number of paddy fields pertaining to the Majiabang Cultures (5500-3800 years BC) were discovered during the archaeological excavations that were carried out since 1998 at the Chuodun site in the Yangtze River Delta. The pollen and phytolith analyses of two soil profiles from the northeastern part of this site were carried out to trace the agricultural practices of the Neolithic period. The phytolith results showed that rice domestication in the Yangtze River Delta could be traced back to as early as the Majiabang Culture. The pollen assemblage also revealed low levels of aquatic species, similar to that in modern paddy fields. This finding suggested that humans might have removed weeds for rice cultivation during the Neolithic period. Thus, pollen analysis in association with phytolith analysis was a promising method for identifying ancient paddy fields.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41301012,No.41771020Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2020J01185。
文摘The lower reaches of the Minjiang River and its adjacent areas were among the most active prehistoric archaeological areas in Fujian Province.The accumulation types of Neolithic archaeological strata are roughly divided into dune sites and dune/shell mound sites.The sites can also be roughly divided into estuarine,coastal,and sea-island sites based on their geomorphic features.The cultural development of these prehistoric sites is of great significance for understanding the migration and spread of Austronesian civilization.Based on luminescence dating of typical Neolithic sites on Haitan Island,their quartz-OSL(optically stimulated luminecesence)burial ages were determined.Synthesizing previously published results,the temporospatial distribution characteristics of the sea-island sites on Haitan Island are discussed,and the relationship between Neolithic human activities and regional geomorphic processes is analyzed.The results show that:(1)the spatial and temporal distribution of the Haitan Island Neolithic sites are closely related to small-scale geomorphic features and are controlled by mesoscale geomorphic processes.The sites were mainly distributed in the foothills of two high hills along an NNE-SSW trend.With an increase in altitude,the features were distributed as“single site(I)–superimposed site–single site(II)”and appear successively.Single type sites(I)mainly appeared at low sea level,whereas single type sites(II)mainly appeared at high sea level.Superimposed sites were not subject to sea level changes.The relative elevation of the superimposed sites in the study area indicates the optimal residential area for human activities in the region.The single site with an elevation lower than the optimal residential area was mainly restricted by the lowest residential area,whereas the single site at a higher elevation than the optimal residential area was mainly affected by livelihood patterns.(2)High sea level caused by the“backwater effect”in low latitude areas in the southern hemisphere,and coastal aeolian sand activity influenced by sea level fluctuations in the middle Holocene correspond well with human activities recorded in the cultural stratigraphy of sea-island type sites.The altitude of coastal aeolian sand accumulation can be used as an indirect index to estimate the age of coastal dunes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41825001)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0606402)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2021-77 and lzujbky-2021-ct03)National Social Science Fund of China(21CKG011)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001073)and Academician and Expert Workstation of Yunnan Province(202305AF150183).
文摘The intensification of millet agriculture facilitated the development of ancient civilization in northern China.In Inner Mongolia and the Central Plains,the intensification of millet farming was relatively continuous.However,prior evidence from the western Loess Plateau(WLP)has suggested an indistinct sequence of millet cultivation and a time lag between the initial intensification of millet agriculture and subsequent expansion of millet farming.We report on new stable isotopic data and radiocarbon dates from the Gedachuan site which challenge that interpretation.Our results indicate a gradual intensification and expansion of millet agriculture across the whole WLP.They attest to intensive broomcorn millet-based farming underpinning the emergence and development of the agrarian society in the WLP during the early-middle Yangshao period(∼6300-5500 BP),and to an intensification of the higher-yielding foxtail millet-based farming leading to the rapid growth of population in the WLP and expansion of millet cultivation after 5300 BP.
