Crops produced using the practice of continuous cropping can become seriously damaged by plant-parasitic nematodes,an important indicator of continuous cropping obstacles.As a typical and important perennial economic ...Crops produced using the practice of continuous cropping can become seriously damaged by plant-parasitic nematodes,an important indicator of continuous cropping obstacles.As a typical and important perennial economic crop,dragon fruit is prone to serious plant-parasitic nematode infestation;however,whether it encounters continuous cropping obstacles remains unclear.Here,we studied plant-parasitic nematodes(Meloidogyne spp.and Tylenchorhynchus sp.)in the soil and roots,soil nematode communities,metabolic footprint,soil integrated fertility,and the yield of intensively planted dragon fruit under non-continuous cropping(Y1)and 3 years(Y3)and 5 years(Y5)of continuous cropping,to determine potential continuous-cropping obstacles and factors that affect the yield of this fruit.The largest numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil and roots were observed in Y5;the associated yield was reduced,and the dragon fruit was severely stressed.Further analysis of the composition,diversity,and ecological function indices of soil nematodes showed that the soil ecological environment deteriorated after 3 years of continuous cropping,with Y5 having the worst results.Similarly,the soil at Y5 had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans.Mantel test analysis and a random forest model showed that soil available phosphorus,soil exchange calcium,and soil nematode abundance and diversity were related significantly to yield.Partial least squares path modeling revealed that soil fertility and soil nematode diversity directly impacts the yield of continuously cropped dragon fruit.In summary,continuous cropping obstacles occurred in Y5 of intensive dragon fruit cultivation,with soil nematode diversity and soil fertility determining the crop's yield.展开更多
Entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs)represent a promising biological control strategy for managing insect pest populations,offering an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical pesticides.This revie...Entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs)represent a promising biological control strategy for managing insect pest populations,offering an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical pesticides.This review examines the application of EPNs in forestry,highlighting their biological and ecological characteristics,mechanisms of action,and efficacy against key forest pests.By exploring various methods of EPN application,including soil injection,foliar spray,and trunk injection,practical challenges and potential solutions for effective implementation are assessed.Case studies demonstrate successful use of EPNs in controlling pests such as bark beetles,wood borers,and root weevils,underscoring their potential for integration into integrated pest management(IPM)programs.Despite current limitations,including environmental sensitivity and application constraints,ongoing research and technological advancements continue to enhance the efficacy and reliability of EPNs.This review underscores the importance of EPNs in sustainable forestry practices and calls for further research to optimize their use and to address existing challenges,ultimately contributing to healthier forest ecosystems and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides.展开更多
Root-knot nematodes(RKNs)are the most widespread soil-borne obligate endoparasites.They can infect the roots of many crops and cause significant yield losses.The only commercially available RKN-resistant gene in tomat...Root-knot nematodes(RKNs)are the most widespread soil-borne obligate endoparasites.They can infect the roots of many crops and cause significant yield losses.The only commercially available RKN-resistant gene in tomatoes,Mi-1.2,fails at soil temperatures above 28℃.We cloned the heat-stable RKN-resistant gene,Mi-9,from a gene cluster composed of seven nucleotide-binding sites and leucine-rich repeat(NBS-LRR)type resistant genes in Solanum arcunum accession LA2157.Screening nematode infections in individual and combinatorial knockouts of five NBS-LRR genes showed that Mi-9 Candidate 4(MiC-4)alone is sufficient to confer heat-stable RKN resistance.Our study identifies a new source of heat-stable resistance to RKN in tomatoes for challenging environmental conditions.We also showcase a roadmap for rapid characterization of resistance genes by combining comparative genomics and genome editing,with the potential to be utilized in other crops.展开更多
Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-ter...Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-term effects of these two global change factors and their interactive effects.Over three consecutive years,we cultivated invasive alien plant Xanthium strumarium and its two phylogenetically related natives under both ambient(aCO_(2))and elevated(eCO_(2))atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,and determined the effects of the invader and natives on soil nematodes under different CO_(2)concentrations and the relevant mechanism.The abundance of total soil nematodes and that of the dominant trophic group(herbivores)were significantly affected by plant species and CO_(2)concentration,and these effects were dependent on the experimental duration,however,the Shannon-diversity of nematodes was not affected by these factors.Under aCO_(2),both invasive and native species significantly increased the total nematode abundance and that of the dominant trophic group with increasing experimental duration,and the amplitude of the increase was greater under the invader relative to the natives.The eCO_(2)increased total nematode abundance(second year)and that of the dominant trophic group(third year)under the invader,but not under the natives(or even decreased)with increasing experimental duration.Root litter had greater effects on soil nematode abundance than leaf litter and root exudates did.This study indicates that eCO_(2)would aggravate effects of invasive plants on soil nematodes by increasing abundance,and these effects would vary with the duration.展开更多
A wide survey was conducted to study plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)associated with Prunus groves in Spain.This research aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of PPNs in Prunus groves,as well as the influ...A wide survey was conducted to study plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)associated with Prunus groves in Spain.This research aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of PPNs in Prunus groves,as well as the influence of explanatory variables describing soil,climate and agricultural management in structuring the variation of PPNs community composition.A total of 218 sampling sites were surveyed and 84 PPN species belonging to 32 genera were identified based of an integrative taxonomic approach.PPN species considered as potential limiting factors in Prunus production,such as Meloidogyne arenaria,M.incognita,M.javanica,Pratylenchus penetrans and P.vulnus,were identified in this survey.Seven soil physico-chemical(C,Mg,N,Na,OM,P,pH and clay,loamy sand and sandy loam texture classes),four climate(Bio04,Bio05,Bio13 and Bio14)and four agricultural management variables(grove-use history less than 10 years,irrigation,apricot seedling rootstock,and Montclar rootstock)were identified as the most influential variables driving spatial patterns of PPNs communities.In particular,younger plantations showed higher values for species richness and diversity indices than groves cultivated for more than 20 years with Prunus spp.Our study increases the knowledge of the distribution and prevalence of PPNs associated with Prunus rhizosphere,as well as on the influence of explanatory variables driving the spatial structure PPNs communities,which has important implications for the successful design of sustainable management strategies in the future in this agricultural system.展开更多
The latest study published in Nature by Andrew R.Burns,Peter J.Roy and co-authors is highlighted in this paper,they investigated a series of novel nematicidal compounds,including Selectivin-A and Selectivin-E,and expl...The latest study published in Nature by Andrew R.Burns,Peter J.Roy and co-authors is highlighted in this paper,they investigated a series of novel nematicidal compounds,including Selectivin-A and Selectivin-E,and explored their mechanism of action.Experiments have displayed that the Selectivin compound is inactive to human cells,fish,fungi,insects and even beneficial nematodes.In the exploration of its mechanism of action,it was found that the mechanism of action of Selectivin is different with those of commercial nematocides:Selectivin needs to be activated by biotin produced by nematodes,after that they can be transformed into compounds with high nematicidal activity.This proves that the family of Selectivin compounds has the advantages of high selectivity and environmental friendliness,and their mechanism of action is completely new,proposing a completely new path for the development of new nematicides.展开更多
目的了解2023年贵州省从江县人群土源性线虫感染现状,为该县土源性线虫病防控提供科学依据。方法将从江县按不同地理方位划分5个片区,各片区分别随机抽取1个乡(镇)的1个行政村作为调查点,每个调查点随机整群抽取200名近3个月未驱虫的常...目的了解2023年贵州省从江县人群土源性线虫感染现状,为该县土源性线虫病防控提供科学依据。方法将从江县按不同地理方位划分5个片区,各片区分别随机抽取1个乡(镇)的1个行政村作为调查点,每个调查点随机整群抽取200名近3个月未驱虫的常住居民作为调查对象。2023年采集调查对象粪便标本,采用改良加藤厚涂片法(1粪2检)检测虫卵,比较不同特征人群土源性线虫感染状况。根据每克粪便虫卵数(eggs per gram,EPG),将感染状况分为轻、中、重度感染并计算各类感染构成比。此外,采用问卷调查了解调查对象基本情况及家庭无害化厕所建设情况。结果共调查从江县5个调查点1001名调查对象,土源性线虫感染率为19.08%(191/1001);其中蛔虫、钩虫感染率分别为2.30%(23/1001)、1.90%(19/1001),均为轻度感染;蛲虫感染率为0.10%(1/1001);鞭虫感染率为15.78%(158/1001)。各调查村鞭虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=123.345,P<0.001),其中留架村鞭虫感染率最高(39.00%),其次为龙江村(18.00%);各年龄组人群鞭虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=166.050,P<0.001),其中10~19岁组最高(48.19%),其次是70岁以上组(14.53%)和50~59岁组(13.04%);各职业人群鞭虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=74.134,P<0.001),以中学生感染率最高(32.32%),其次是工人(民工)(10.34%)和农民(10.12%);不同文化程度人群鞭虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=28.761,P<0.001),以小学文化程度者最高(21.60%),其次为文盲(12.03%);不同民族人群鞭虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=42.193,P<0.001)。鞭虫轻、中、重度感染者构成比分别为76.58%(121/158)、14.56%(23/158)和3.16%(5/158),重度感染者均为小学生。在123户家庭中发现鞭虫感染者,其中27户(21.95%)家庭中有2名及以上家庭成员感染。问卷调查共收集有效问卷1001份,家中是、否建有无害化厕所者鞭虫感染率分别为14.69%(139/964)、34.55%(19/55),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.410,P<0.001)。结论2023年贵州省从江县人群土源性线虫感染率较高,其中鞭虫感染尤为严重,应将小学生、中老年农民、民工作为重点人群开展防控工作。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1700203and 2022YFD1901501)the Tianchi Talent Introduction Program of Xinjiang Autonomous Region,China(2023-“2+5”)the Tingzhou Talent Introduction Program of Changji Autonomous Region,China(2023)。
文摘Crops produced using the practice of continuous cropping can become seriously damaged by plant-parasitic nematodes,an important indicator of continuous cropping obstacles.As a typical and important perennial economic crop,dragon fruit is prone to serious plant-parasitic nematode infestation;however,whether it encounters continuous cropping obstacles remains unclear.Here,we studied plant-parasitic nematodes(Meloidogyne spp.and Tylenchorhynchus sp.)in the soil and roots,soil nematode communities,metabolic footprint,soil integrated fertility,and the yield of intensively planted dragon fruit under non-continuous cropping(Y1)and 3 years(Y3)and 5 years(Y5)of continuous cropping,to determine potential continuous-cropping obstacles and factors that affect the yield of this fruit.The largest numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil and roots were observed in Y5;the associated yield was reduced,and the dragon fruit was severely stressed.Further analysis of the composition,diversity,and ecological function indices of soil nematodes showed that the soil ecological environment deteriorated after 3 years of continuous cropping,with Y5 having the worst results.Similarly,the soil at Y5 had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans.Mantel test analysis and a random forest model showed that soil available phosphorus,soil exchange calcium,and soil nematode abundance and diversity were related significantly to yield.Partial least squares path modeling revealed that soil fertility and soil nematode diversity directly impacts the yield of continuously cropped dragon fruit.In summary,continuous cropping obstacles occurred in Y5 of intensive dragon fruit cultivation,with soil nematode diversity and soil fertility determining the crop's yield.
文摘Entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs)represent a promising biological control strategy for managing insect pest populations,offering an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical pesticides.This review examines the application of EPNs in forestry,highlighting their biological and ecological characteristics,mechanisms of action,and efficacy against key forest pests.By exploring various methods of EPN application,including soil injection,foliar spray,and trunk injection,practical challenges and potential solutions for effective implementation are assessed.Case studies demonstrate successful use of EPNs in controlling pests such as bark beetles,wood borers,and root weevils,underscoring their potential for integration into integrated pest management(IPM)programs.Despite current limitations,including environmental sensitivity and application constraints,ongoing research and technological advancements continue to enhance the efficacy and reliability of EPNs.This review underscores the importance of EPNs in sustainable forestry practices and calls for further research to optimize their use and to address existing challenges,ultimately contributing to healthier forest ecosystems and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0900600 and 2021YFF1000103-5)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24030503)。
文摘Root-knot nematodes(RKNs)are the most widespread soil-borne obligate endoparasites.They can infect the roots of many crops and cause significant yield losses.The only commercially available RKN-resistant gene in tomatoes,Mi-1.2,fails at soil temperatures above 28℃.We cloned the heat-stable RKN-resistant gene,Mi-9,from a gene cluster composed of seven nucleotide-binding sites and leucine-rich repeat(NBS-LRR)type resistant genes in Solanum arcunum accession LA2157.Screening nematode infections in individual and combinatorial knockouts of five NBS-LRR genes showed that Mi-9 Candidate 4(MiC-4)alone is sufficient to confer heat-stable RKN resistance.Our study identifies a new source of heat-stable resistance to RKN in tomatoes for challenging environmental conditions.We also showcase a roadmap for rapid characterization of resistance genes by combining comparative genomics and genome editing,with the potential to be utilized in other crops.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2604500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171662,32471753 and 32171666)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning(2020-MS-199).
文摘Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-term effects of these two global change factors and their interactive effects.Over three consecutive years,we cultivated invasive alien plant Xanthium strumarium and its two phylogenetically related natives under both ambient(aCO_(2))and elevated(eCO_(2))atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,and determined the effects of the invader and natives on soil nematodes under different CO_(2)concentrations and the relevant mechanism.The abundance of total soil nematodes and that of the dominant trophic group(herbivores)were significantly affected by plant species and CO_(2)concentration,and these effects were dependent on the experimental duration,however,the Shannon-diversity of nematodes was not affected by these factors.Under aCO_(2),both invasive and native species significantly increased the total nematode abundance and that of the dominant trophic group with increasing experimental duration,and the amplitude of the increase was greater under the invader relative to the natives.The eCO_(2)increased total nematode abundance(second year)and that of the dominant trophic group(third year)under the invader,but not under the natives(or even decreased)with increasing experimental duration.Root litter had greater effects on soil nematode abundance than leaf litter and root exudates did.This study indicates that eCO_(2)would aggravate effects of invasive plants on soil nematodes by increasing abundance,and these effects would vary with the duration.
基金supported by the grant RTI2018-095925-A-100,“Interactions among soil microorganisms as a tool for the sustainability of the resistance of rootstocks fruit trees against plant-parasitic nematodes”funded by Ministry of Science and Innovation(MCIN)and by European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)“A way of making Europe”The first author is a recipient of grant(PRE2019-090206)funded by European Social Fund(ESF)“Investing in your future”。
文摘A wide survey was conducted to study plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)associated with Prunus groves in Spain.This research aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of PPNs in Prunus groves,as well as the influence of explanatory variables describing soil,climate and agricultural management in structuring the variation of PPNs community composition.A total of 218 sampling sites were surveyed and 84 PPN species belonging to 32 genera were identified based of an integrative taxonomic approach.PPN species considered as potential limiting factors in Prunus production,such as Meloidogyne arenaria,M.incognita,M.javanica,Pratylenchus penetrans and P.vulnus,were identified in this survey.Seven soil physico-chemical(C,Mg,N,Na,OM,P,pH and clay,loamy sand and sandy loam texture classes),four climate(Bio04,Bio05,Bio13 and Bio14)and four agricultural management variables(grove-use history less than 10 years,irrigation,apricot seedling rootstock,and Montclar rootstock)were identified as the most influential variables driving spatial patterns of PPNs communities.In particular,younger plantations showed higher values for species richness and diversity indices than groves cultivated for more than 20 years with Prunus spp.Our study increases the knowledge of the distribution and prevalence of PPNs associated with Prunus rhizosphere,as well as on the influence of explanatory variables driving the spatial structure PPNs communities,which has important implications for the successful design of sustainable management strategies in the future in this agricultural system.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22177051,32061143045)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYCYXT2022010)Sichuan Key Research and Development Program(22ZDYF0186,2021YFN0134).
文摘The latest study published in Nature by Andrew R.Burns,Peter J.Roy and co-authors is highlighted in this paper,they investigated a series of novel nematicidal compounds,including Selectivin-A and Selectivin-E,and explored their mechanism of action.Experiments have displayed that the Selectivin compound is inactive to human cells,fish,fungi,insects and even beneficial nematodes.In the exploration of its mechanism of action,it was found that the mechanism of action of Selectivin is different with those of commercial nematocides:Selectivin needs to be activated by biotin produced by nematodes,after that they can be transformed into compounds with high nematicidal activity.This proves that the family of Selectivin compounds has the advantages of high selectivity and environmental friendliness,and their mechanism of action is completely new,proposing a completely new path for the development of new nematicides.
文摘目的了解2023年贵州省从江县人群土源性线虫感染现状,为该县土源性线虫病防控提供科学依据。方法将从江县按不同地理方位划分5个片区,各片区分别随机抽取1个乡(镇)的1个行政村作为调查点,每个调查点随机整群抽取200名近3个月未驱虫的常住居民作为调查对象。2023年采集调查对象粪便标本,采用改良加藤厚涂片法(1粪2检)检测虫卵,比较不同特征人群土源性线虫感染状况。根据每克粪便虫卵数(eggs per gram,EPG),将感染状况分为轻、中、重度感染并计算各类感染构成比。此外,采用问卷调查了解调查对象基本情况及家庭无害化厕所建设情况。结果共调查从江县5个调查点1001名调查对象,土源性线虫感染率为19.08%(191/1001);其中蛔虫、钩虫感染率分别为2.30%(23/1001)、1.90%(19/1001),均为轻度感染;蛲虫感染率为0.10%(1/1001);鞭虫感染率为15.78%(158/1001)。各调查村鞭虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=123.345,P<0.001),其中留架村鞭虫感染率最高(39.00%),其次为龙江村(18.00%);各年龄组人群鞭虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=166.050,P<0.001),其中10~19岁组最高(48.19%),其次是70岁以上组(14.53%)和50~59岁组(13.04%);各职业人群鞭虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=74.134,P<0.001),以中学生感染率最高(32.32%),其次是工人(民工)(10.34%)和农民(10.12%);不同文化程度人群鞭虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=28.761,P<0.001),以小学文化程度者最高(21.60%),其次为文盲(12.03%);不同民族人群鞭虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=42.193,P<0.001)。鞭虫轻、中、重度感染者构成比分别为76.58%(121/158)、14.56%(23/158)和3.16%(5/158),重度感染者均为小学生。在123户家庭中发现鞭虫感染者,其中27户(21.95%)家庭中有2名及以上家庭成员感染。问卷调查共收集有效问卷1001份,家中是、否建有无害化厕所者鞭虫感染率分别为14.69%(139/964)、34.55%(19/55),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.410,P<0.001)。结论2023年贵州省从江县人群土源性线虫感染率较高,其中鞭虫感染尤为严重,应将小学生、中老年农民、民工作为重点人群开展防控工作。
