Noise reduction program design is an effective approach that relies on efficient noise prediction for reducing ground noise during flight.The existing noise prediction methods have the limitations of being computation...Noise reduction program design is an effective approach that relies on efficient noise prediction for reducing ground noise during flight.The existing noise prediction methods have the limitations of being computationally expensive or only applicable to far-fields.In this paper,a High-Efficiency Prediction Method(HEPM)for helicopter global/ground noise based on near-field acoustic holography is proposed.The HEPM can predict the global noise based on acoustic modal analysis and has the advantages of high prediction accuracy and low time cost.The process is given as follows:firstly,the rotor noise on the holographic surface in the specified flight is obtained by simulations or experiments.Secondly,the global noise model,which maps time-domain noise to acoustic modes,is established based on near-field acoustic holography and Fourier acoustic analysis methods.Finally,combined with acoustic modal amplitude,the model established enables efficiently predicting the global/ground noise in the corresponding flight state.To verify the accuracy of the prediction method,a simulation study is conducted in hovering and forward flight states using a model helicopter with a 2-meter rotor and Rotor Body Interaction(ROBIN)fuselage.The comparison of HEPM with numerical results shows that the average prediction errors of the global and ground noise are less than 0.3 dB and 0.2 dB,respectively.For a region containing 100000 observers,the computation time of the HEPM is only one-fifth of that of the acoustic hemisphere method,demonstrating the rapidity of the proposed method.展开更多
Acoustic-vortex(AV)tweezers ensure stable particle trapping at a zero-pressure center,while particle assembly between two vortex cores is still prevented by the high-potential barrier.Although a one-dimensional low-pr...Acoustic-vortex(AV)tweezers ensure stable particle trapping at a zero-pressure center,while particle assembly between two vortex cores is still prevented by the high-potential barrier.Although a one-dimensional low-pressure attractive path of particle assembly can be constructed by the interference between two independent cylindrical Bessel beams,it remains challenging to create two-dimensional(2D)neighboring vortexes using a source array in practical applications.In this paper,a three-step phase-reversal strategy of 2D particle assembly based on the synchronized evolution of a centrosymmetric array of M off-axis acoustic vortexes(OA-AVs)with a preset radial offset is proposed based on a ring array of planar sources.By introducing initial vortex phase differences of-2π/M and+2π/M to the vortex array,low-pressure patterns of an M-sided regular polygon and M-branched star are formed by connecting the vortex cores and the field center before and after the tangent state of adjacent OA-AVs.Center-oriented particle assembly is finally realized by a central AV constructed by coincident in-phase OA-AVs.The capability of particle manipulation in the lateral and radial directions is demonstrated by low-pressure patterns with acoustic radiation forces pointing to the field center during a synchronized central approach.The field evolution is certified by experimental field measurements for OA-AVs with different vo rtex numbers,initial vortex phase differences,and radial offsets using a ring array of 16 planar sources.The feasibility of particle assembly in two dimensions is also verified by the accurate manipulation of four particles using the low-pressure patterns of a four-sided polygon,a four-branched star,and a central AV in experiments.The three-step strategy paves a new way for 2D particle assembly based on the synchronize d evolution of centrosymmetric OA-AVs using a simplified single-sided source array,exhibiting excellent potential for the precise navigation and manipulation of cells and particles in biomedical applications.展开更多
In this paper, a two-dimensional(2D) DOA estimation algorithm of coherent signals with a separated linear acoustic vector-sensor(AVS) array consisting of two sparse AVS arrays is proposed. Firstly,the partitioned spat...In this paper, a two-dimensional(2D) DOA estimation algorithm of coherent signals with a separated linear acoustic vector-sensor(AVS) array consisting of two sparse AVS arrays is proposed. Firstly,the partitioned spatial smoothing(PSS) technique is used to construct a block covariance matrix, so as to decorrelate the coherency of signals. Then a signal subspace can be obtained by singular value decomposition(SVD) of the covariance matrix. Using the signal subspace, two extended signal subspaces are constructed to compensate aperture loss caused by PSS.The elevation angles can be estimated by estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques(ESPRIT) algorithm. At last, the estimated elevation angles can be used to estimate automatically paired azimuth angles. Compared with some other ESPRIT algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows higher estimation accuracy, which can be proved through the simulation results.展开更多
Transducers that are widely applied in cement bond evaluation tools, such as cement bond logs and variable density logs, cannot radiate acoustic energy directionally because of the characteristics of monopole sources....Transducers that are widely applied in cement bond evaluation tools, such as cement bond logs and variable density logs, cannot radiate acoustic energy directionally because of the characteristics of monopole sources. A phased arc array transmitter, which is a novel transducer that differs from monopole and dipole transducers, is presented in this study. To simulate the acoustic field generated by a phased arc array in a fluid-filled cased borehole with different channelings, a 3D finite-difference time-domain method is adopted. The acoustic field generated by a traditional monopole source is also simulated and compared with the field generated by the phased arc array transmitter. Numerical simulation results show that the phased arc array radiates energy directionally in a narrow angular range in the borehole, thereby compressing the acoustic energy into a narrow range in the casing pipe, the cement, and the formation. We present the analyses of first-arrival waveforms and the amplitudes of casing waves at different azimuthal angles for the two different sources. The results indicate that employing a directional source facilitates azimuthal identification and analysis of possible channeling behind the casing pipe.展开更多
The acoustic tools widely used in borehole well logging and being developed in borehole acoustic reflection imaging do not have the function of azimuthal measurement due to a symmetric source, so they can not be used ...The acoustic tools widely used in borehole well logging and being developed in borehole acoustic reflection imaging do not have the function of azimuthal measurement due to a symmetric source, so they can not be used to evaluate the azimuthal character of borehole formation. In this paper, a 3D finite difference method was used to simulate the acoustic fields in a fluid-filled borehole generated by a traditional monopole source and a phased arc array. Acoustic waveforms were presented for both cases. The analysis of the simulated waveforms showed that different from the monopole source, the acoustic energy generated by the phased arc array transmitter mainly radiated to the borehole in a narrow azimuthal range, which was the key technique to implement azimuthal acoustic well logging. Similar to the monopole source, the waveforms generated by the phased arc array in the fluid-filled borehole also contain compressional （P） waves and shear （S） waves refracted along the borehole, which is the theoretical foundation of phased arc array acoustic well logging.展开更多
Ultrasonic inspection of austenitic steel weld is a great challenge due to skewed and distorted beam in such a highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous material. To improve the ultrasonic measurement in this situation, it...Ultrasonic inspection of austenitic steel weld is a great challenge due to skewed and distorted beam in such a highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous material. To improve the ultrasonic measurement in this situation, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding of ultrasound characteristics in austenitic steel weld. To meet such a need, in the present study we propose a method which combines the weld model, Dijkstra’s path-finding algorithm and Gaussian beam equivalent point source model to calculate the acoustic fields from ultrasonic phased array in such a weld. With this method, the acoustic field in a steel-austenitic weld-steel three-layered structure for a linear phase array transducer is calculated and the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in weld are studied. The research results show that the method proposed here is capable of calculating the acoustic field in austenitic weld. Additionally, beam steering and focusing can be still realized in the austenitic steel weld and the beam distortion is more severe in the middle of weld than at other positions.展开更多
Acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge detection is widely used in power equipment inspection with the advantages of non-contact and precise positioning compared with partial discharge detection methods su...Acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge detection is widely used in power equipment inspection with the advantages of non-contact and precise positioning compared with partial discharge detection methods such as ultrasonic method and pulse current method.However,due to the sensitivity of the acoustic array sensor and the influence of the equipment operation site interference,the acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge type diagnosis by phase resolved partial discharge(PRPD)map might occasionally presents incorrect results,thus affecting the power equipment operation and maintenance strategy.The acoustic array sensor detection device for power equipment developed in this paper applies the array design model of equal-area multi-arm spiral with machine learning fast fourier transform clean(FFT-CLEAN)sound source localization identification algorithm to avoid the interference factors in the noise acquisition system using a single microphone and conventional beam forming algorithm,improves the spatial resolution of the acoustic array sensor device,and proposes an acoustic array sensor device based on the acoustic spectrogram.The analysis and diagnosis method of discharge type of acoustic array sensor device can effectively reduce the system misjudgment caused by factors such as the resolution of the acoustic imaging device and the time domain pulse of the digital signal,and reduce the false alarm rate of the acoustic array sensor device.The proposed method is tested by selecting power cables as the object,and its effectiveness is proved by laboratory verification and field verification.展开更多
An acoustic vector sensor can measure the components of particle velocity and the acoustic pressure at the same point simultaneously, which provides a larger array gain against the ambient noise and a higher angular r...An acoustic vector sensor can measure the components of particle velocity and the acoustic pressure at the same point simultaneously, which provides a larger array gain against the ambient noise and a higher angular resolution than the omnidirectional pressure sensor. This paper presents an experimental study of array gain for a conformal acoustic vector sensor array in a practical environment. First, the manifold vector is calculated using the real measured data so that the effects of array mismatches can be minimized. Second, an optimal beamformer with a specific spatial response on the basis of the stable directivity of the ambient noise is designed, which can effectively suppress the ambient noise. Experimental results show that this beamformer for the conformal acoustic vector sensor array provides good signal-to- noise ratio enhancement and is more advantageous than the delay-and-sum and minimum variance distortionless response beamformers.展开更多
Strengthened directivity with higher-order side lobes can be generated by the transducer with a larger radius at a higher frequency. The multi-annular pressure distributions are displayed in the cross-section of the a...Strengthened directivity with higher-order side lobes can be generated by the transducer with a larger radius at a higher frequency. The multi-annular pressure distributions are displayed in the cross-section of the acoustic vortices(AVs)which are formed by side lobes. In the near field, particles can be trapped in the valley region between the two annuli of the pressure peak, and cannot be moved to the vortex center. In this paper, a trapping method based on a sector transducer array is proposed, which is characterized by the continuously variable topological charge(CVTC). This acoustic field can not only enlarge the range of particle trapping but also improve the aggregation degree of the trapped particles. In the experiments, polyethylene particles with a diameter of 0.2 mm are trapped into the multi-annular valleys by the AV with a fixed topological charge. Nevertheless, by applying the CVTC, particles outside the radius of the AV can cross the pressure peak successfully and move to the vortex center. Theoretical studies are also verified by the experimental particles trapping using the AV with the continuous variation of three topological charges, and suggest the potential application of large-scale particle trapping in biomedical engineering.展开更多
The passive acoustic localization with planar sensor array is introduced. Based on a method to eliminate the influence of effective sound velocity in passive detection, a new five-sensors solid array and its localizat...The passive acoustic localization with planar sensor array is introduced. Based on a method to eliminate the influence of effective sound velocity in passive detection, a new five-sensors solid array and its localization model are put forward. The factors that influence the precision of the localization are analyzed. Considering the errors from the factors synchronously, the simulation compares the solid array with the planar array. It can be proved that the five-sensor solid array is better than the four-sensor planar array in the estimation of bearing elements.展开更多
Acoustic vector sensor consists of pressure and particle velocity sensors,which measure the three-dimensional acoustic particle velocity,as well as the pressure at one location at the same time.By preserving the ampli...Acoustic vector sensor consists of pressure and particle velocity sensors,which measure the three-dimensional acoustic particle velocity,as well as the pressure at one location at the same time.By preserving the amplitude and phase information of the pressure and particle velocity,they possess a number of advantages over traditional scalar sensors.Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain (which is often called array gain) is one of such advantages and is always interested by all of us.But it is not unchangeable if the spatial correlation of the noise field varies.Much more important,it is difficult to be given if the noise becomes complex.In this paper,spatial correlation of the vector field of isotropic volume-noise and surface-generated noise has been introduced briefly.Based on the results,the combined SNR output of a vector linear array is investigated and the maximum gain is given in the specified noise.Computer simulation shows that the output of one array in the same noise is not the same in different gestures.And then we find the best gesture through SNR calculation and obtain the biggest gain,which has important meaning to guide how to deploy an array in practice.We also should use the array with respect to the characteristics of the real ambient noise,especially in anisotropic noise field.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the analysis, implementation, and application of wideband sources using both seismic and acoustic sensors. We use the approximate maximum likelihood (AML) algorithm to perform acoustic direc...In this paper, we consider the analysis, implementation, and application of wideband sources using both seismic and acoustic sensors. We use the approximate maximum likelihood (AML) algorithm to perform acoustic direction of arrival (DOA). For non-uniform noise spectra, whitening filtering was applied to the received acoustic signals before the AML operation. For short-range seismic DOA applications, one method was based on eigen-decomposition of the covariance matrix and a second method was based on surface wave analysis. Two well-known optimization schemes were used to estimate the source locations from the estimated DOAs at sensors of known locations. Experimental estimation of the DOAs and resulting localizations using the acoustic and seismic signals generated by striking a heavy metal plate by a hammer were reported.展开更多
The passive acoustic locating technology is widely used in military fields. The traditional locating method with single array has low precision of distance estimation, but comparatively high precision of angle estimat...The passive acoustic locating technology is widely used in military fields. The traditional locating method with single array has low precision of distance estimation, but comparatively high precision of angle estimation. According to the characteristic, the algorithm for acoustic passive localization based on the azimuth angle and geometry position of the two arrays is derived to estimate the target distance, and the simulation for the factors that affect the localization precision also proceeds. The result of the simulation shows the precision of localization estimation with dual arrays is superior to that of single array, and the passive localization algorithm based on dual array can meet the practical demands.展开更多
The high resolution of DOA（direction of arrival） estimation could be obtained by using the min-norm algorithm. In this paper, the expression of the min-norm spatial spectrum based on acoustic vector-sensor（AVS） li...The high resolution of DOA（direction of arrival） estimation could be obtained by using the min-norm algorithm. In this paper, the expression of the min-norm spatial spectrum based on acoustic vector-sensor（AVS） linear arrays was presented and simulation study was carried out. Results of simulations indicated that left/right ambiguity could be removed and better performance for DOA estimation was obtainable when dealing with sources close to endfire than using pressure hydrophone linear arrays, and the interelement spacing was allowed to exceed the half-wavelength upper limit. A three-element vector hydrophone linear array with two meters interspace was designed. The AVS experiment was carried out at Songhua Lake in Jinlin Province. Experimental results show a high resolution tracking of targets can be obtained using the rain-norm algorithm.展开更多
A new approach to the study on the transient properties of the levitated object in near-field acoustic levitation （NFAL） is presented. In this article, the transient response characteristics, including the levitated...A new approach to the study on the transient properties of the levitated object in near-field acoustic levitation （NFAL） is presented. In this article, the transient response characteristics, including the levitated height of an object with radius of 24 mm and thickness of 5 mm, the radial velocity and pressure difference of gas at the boundary of clearance between the levitated object and radiating surface （squeeze film）, is calculated according to severa/velocity amplitudes of radiating surface. First, the basic equations in fluid areas on Arbitrary Lagrange--Euler （ALE） form are numericaJly solved by using streamline upwind petrov gaJerkin （SUPG） finite elements method. Second, the formed a/gebraic equations and solid control equations are solved by using synchronous alternating method to gain the transient messages of the levitated object and gas in the squeeze film. Through theoretical and numerical analyses, it is found that there is a oscillation time in the transient process and that the response time does not simply increase with the increasing of velocity amplitudes of radiating surface. More investigations in this paper are helpful for the understanding of the transient properties of levitated object in NFAL, which are in favor of enhancing stabilities and responsiveness of levitated object.展开更多
The inhomogenous ocean waveguide,which leads the amplitude and phase of the signal arriving at a hydrophone array to fluctuate,is one of the causes that make the array gain deviate from its ideal value.The relationshi...The inhomogenous ocean waveguide,which leads the amplitude and phase of the signal arriving at a hydrophone array to fluctuate,is one of the causes that make the array gain deviate from its ideal value.The relationship between the array gain and the fluctuant acoustic channel is studied theoretically.The analytical expression of the array gain is derived via an acoustic channel transfer function on the assumption that the ambient noise field is isotropic.The expression is expanded via the Euler formula to give an insight into the effect of the fluctuant acoustic channel on the array gain.The result demonstrates that the amplitude fluctuation of the acoustic channel transfer functions has a slight effect on the array gain;however,the uniformity of the phase difference between the weighting coefficient and the channel transfer function on all the hydrophones in the array is a major factor that leads the array gain to further deviate from its ideal value.The numerical verification is conducted in the downslope waveguide,in which the gain of a horizontal uniform linear array(HLA)with a wide-aperture operating in the continental slope area is considered.Numerical result is consistent with the theoretical analysis.展开更多
In the semi-free acoustic field, the actual acoustic pressure at any point is composed of two parts： The direct acoustic pressure and the reflected acoustic pressure. The general acoustic holographic theories and alg...In the semi-free acoustic field, the actual acoustic pressure at any point is composed of two parts： The direct acoustic pressure and the reflected acoustic pressure. The general acoustic holographic theories and algorithms request that there is only the direct acoustic pressure contained in the pressure at any point on the hologram surface, consequently, they cannot be used to reconstruct acoustic source and predict acoustic field directly. To take the reflected pressure into consideration, near-field acoustic holography for semi-free acoustic field based on wave superposition approach is proposed to realize the holographic reconstruction and prediction of the semi-free acoustic field, and the wave superposition approach is adopted as a holographic transform algorithm. The proposed theory and algorithm are realized and verified with a numerical example, and the drawbacks of the general theories and algorithms in the holographic reconstruction and prediction of the semi-free acoustic field are also demonstrated by this numerical example.展开更多
Because of the ill-posedness of the near-field acoustic holography（NAH）,the regularization method is required to stabilize the computational process of NAH.The regularization effect is related to how to select the p...Because of the ill-posedness of the near-field acoustic holography（NAH）,the regularization method is required to stabilize the computational process of NAH.The regularization effect is related to how to select the parameter correctly and effectively.However the L-curve method commonly used for the selection of regularization parameters has the disadvantages of wrong selection and incorrect selection,which influences the application of NAH.For the purpose of solving the problems existed in the L-curve method,the （？）-curve method is introduced into the field of NAH,and the performance applied to NAH directly is analyzed on the basis of equivalent source method-based NAH.However,it is found out via investigations that the（？）-curve method in NAH also has the problem of wrong selection and is unable to choose the regularization parameter correctly.In order to select the parameter correctly and effectively,a novel method for selecting regularization parameters is proposed based on the original（？）-curve method,which can be called improved （？）-curve method.In the proposed method the regularization parameters are discretized linearly between the largest singular value and the smallest singular value,and the solution norm and the residual norm corresponding to these regularization parameters are also described in a linear coordinate instead of in a lg-lg coordinate,which are the two main differences compared with the L-curve and with the original（？）-curve method.In linear coordinate and using the linearly discretized regularization parameters,the solution norm is a monotonically decreasing function of the residual norm as the increase of the regularization parameter,moreover the curve is convex everywhere.So the regularization parameters can be selected correctly and effectively based on the improved（？）-curve method.Then a numerical simulation is done with a simply supported plate to verify the validity of the proposed method.Experiments with two actual sources,a clamped plate and the double speakers,are carried out to do a further demonstration.The simulation result as well as the experimental result shows that the improved（？）-curve method is efficacious and has some advantages over the L-curve method and the original（？）-curve method.The proposed novel method is able to avoid the problem of wrong selection and to select the regularization parameter correctly even if the curve is smooth.展开更多
A theoretical model of focused acoustic field for a multi-annular phased array on concave spherical surface is proposed. In this model, the source boundary conditions of the spheroidal beam equation （SBE） for multi-...A theoretical model of focused acoustic field for a multi-annular phased array on concave spherical surface is proposed. In this model, the source boundary conditions of the spheroidal beam equation （SBE） for multi-annular phased elements are studied. Acoustic field calculated by the dynamic focusing model of SBE is compared with numerical results of the O＇Neil and Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov （KZK） model, respectively. Axia/dynamic focusing and the harmonic effects are presented. The results demonstrate that the dynamic focusing model of SBE is good valid for a concave multi-annular phased array with a large aperture angle in the linear or nonlinear field.展开更多
The characteristics of traditional acoustic vortices(AVs) were verified by the cross-sectional axisymmetric pressure distributions with perfect phase spirals around the center pressure null. In order to generate a non...The characteristics of traditional acoustic vortices(AVs) were verified by the cross-sectional axisymmetric pressure distributions with perfect phase spirals around the center pressure null. In order to generate a non-axisymmetric pressure distribution, the concept of power-exponent-phase was first introduced into the formation of AV beams, named “powerexponent-phase acoustic vortices(PAVs)” in this paper. Based on a ring-array of sector transducers, the helical distribution of the low-pressure valley in cross-sections of PAVs, which enables particles to move from a distant position to the center low-potential well along a certain spiral passageway, was proved theoretically. The particle manipulation behavior for PAVs with a power order of 2 is numerically modeled and experimentally confirmed. The results show that PAVs with a nonaxisymmetric spiral pressure distribution can be used to realize the directional transport of particles in an enlarged scope,suggesting prospective application potential in biomedical engineering.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3400100).
文摘Noise reduction program design is an effective approach that relies on efficient noise prediction for reducing ground noise during flight.The existing noise prediction methods have the limitations of being computationally expensive or only applicable to far-fields.In this paper,a High-Efficiency Prediction Method(HEPM)for helicopter global/ground noise based on near-field acoustic holography is proposed.The HEPM can predict the global noise based on acoustic modal analysis and has the advantages of high prediction accuracy and low time cost.The process is given as follows:firstly,the rotor noise on the holographic surface in the specified flight is obtained by simulations or experiments.Secondly,the global noise model,which maps time-domain noise to acoustic modes,is established based on near-field acoustic holography and Fourier acoustic analysis methods.Finally,combined with acoustic modal amplitude,the model established enables efficiently predicting the global/ground noise in the corresponding flight state.To verify the accuracy of the prediction method,a simulation study is conducted in hovering and forward flight states using a model helicopter with a 2-meter rotor and Rotor Body Interaction(ROBIN)fuselage.The comparison of HEPM with numerical results shows that the average prediction errors of the global and ground noise are less than 0.3 dB and 0.2 dB,respectively.For a region containing 100000 observers,the computation time of the HEPM is only one-fifth of that of the acoustic hemisphere method,demonstrating the rapidity of the proposed method.
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(11934009,12174198,and 12227808)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2022814)+2 种基金the Universal Technology for Primary and Secondary Schoolsthe National Research Institute for Teaching Materialsthe Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province,China。
文摘Acoustic-vortex(AV)tweezers ensure stable particle trapping at a zero-pressure center,while particle assembly between two vortex cores is still prevented by the high-potential barrier.Although a one-dimensional low-pressure attractive path of particle assembly can be constructed by the interference between two independent cylindrical Bessel beams,it remains challenging to create two-dimensional(2D)neighboring vortexes using a source array in practical applications.In this paper,a three-step phase-reversal strategy of 2D particle assembly based on the synchronized evolution of a centrosymmetric array of M off-axis acoustic vortexes(OA-AVs)with a preset radial offset is proposed based on a ring array of planar sources.By introducing initial vortex phase differences of-2π/M and+2π/M to the vortex array,low-pressure patterns of an M-sided regular polygon and M-branched star are formed by connecting the vortex cores and the field center before and after the tangent state of adjacent OA-AVs.Center-oriented particle assembly is finally realized by a central AV constructed by coincident in-phase OA-AVs.The capability of particle manipulation in the lateral and radial directions is demonstrated by low-pressure patterns with acoustic radiation forces pointing to the field center during a synchronized central approach.The field evolution is certified by experimental field measurements for OA-AVs with different vo rtex numbers,initial vortex phase differences,and radial offsets using a ring array of 16 planar sources.The feasibility of particle assembly in two dimensions is also verified by the accurate manipulation of four particles using the low-pressure patterns of a four-sided polygon,a four-branched star,and a central AV in experiments.The three-step strategy paves a new way for 2D particle assembly based on the synchronize d evolution of centrosymmetric OA-AVs using a simplified single-sided source array,exhibiting excellent potential for the precise navigation and manipulation of cells and particles in biomedical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62261047,62066040)the Foundation of Top-notch Talents by Education Department of Guizhou Province of China (KY[2018]075)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province of China (ZK[2022]557,[2020]1Y004)the Science and Technology Research Program of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJQN202200637)PhD Research Start-up Foundation of Tongren University (trxyDH1710)Tongren Science and Technology Planning Project ((2018)22)。
文摘In this paper, a two-dimensional(2D) DOA estimation algorithm of coherent signals with a separated linear acoustic vector-sensor(AVS) array consisting of two sparse AVS arrays is proposed. Firstly,the partitioned spatial smoothing(PSS) technique is used to construct a block covariance matrix, so as to decorrelate the coherency of signals. Then a signal subspace can be obtained by singular value decomposition(SVD) of the covariance matrix. Using the signal subspace, two extended signal subspaces are constructed to compensate aperture loss caused by PSS.The elevation angles can be estimated by estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques(ESPRIT) algorithm. At last, the estimated elevation angles can be used to estimate automatically paired azimuth angles. Compared with some other ESPRIT algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows higher estimation accuracy, which can be proved through the simulation results.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (Grant Nos. 11204380, 11374371, 11134011 and 61102102)National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2011ZX05020-009)PetroChina Innovation Foundation (2013D-5006-0304)
文摘Transducers that are widely applied in cement bond evaluation tools, such as cement bond logs and variable density logs, cannot radiate acoustic energy directionally because of the characteristics of monopole sources. A phased arc array transmitter, which is a novel transducer that differs from monopole and dipole transducers, is presented in this study. To simulate the acoustic field generated by a phased arc array in a fluid-filled cased borehole with different channelings, a 3D finite-difference time-domain method is adopted. The acoustic field generated by a traditional monopole source is also simulated and compared with the field generated by the phased arc array transmitter. Numerical simulation results show that the phased arc array radiates energy directionally in a narrow angular range in the borehole, thereby compressing the acoustic energy into a narrow range in the casing pipe, the cement, and the formation. We present the analyses of first-arrival waveforms and the amplitudes of casing waves at different azimuthal angles for the two different sources. The results indicate that employing a directional source facilitates azimuthal identification and analysis of possible channeling behind the casing pipe.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Grant Nos.10534040,40574049 and 40874097)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Programof Higher Education(Grant No.20070425028)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resourceand Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Grant No.PRPDX2008-08).
文摘The acoustic tools widely used in borehole well logging and being developed in borehole acoustic reflection imaging do not have the function of azimuthal measurement due to a symmetric source, so they can not be used to evaluate the azimuthal character of borehole formation. In this paper, a 3D finite difference method was used to simulate the acoustic fields in a fluid-filled borehole generated by a traditional monopole source and a phased arc array. Acoustic waveforms were presented for both cases. The analysis of the simulated waveforms showed that different from the monopole source, the acoustic energy generated by the phased arc array transmitter mainly radiated to the borehole in a narrow azimuthal range, which was the key technique to implement azimuthal acoustic well logging. Similar to the monopole source, the waveforms generated by the phased arc array in the fluid-filled borehole also contain compressional （P） waves and shear （S） waves refracted along the borehole, which is the theoretical foundation of phased arc array acoustic well logging.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474308,11574343,and 11774377)
文摘Ultrasonic inspection of austenitic steel weld is a great challenge due to skewed and distorted beam in such a highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous material. To improve the ultrasonic measurement in this situation, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding of ultrasound characteristics in austenitic steel weld. To meet such a need, in the present study we propose a method which combines the weld model, Dijkstra’s path-finding algorithm and Gaussian beam equivalent point source model to calculate the acoustic fields from ultrasonic phased array in such a weld. With this method, the acoustic field in a steel-austenitic weld-steel three-layered structure for a linear phase array transducer is calculated and the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in weld are studied. The research results show that the method proposed here is capable of calculating the acoustic field in austenitic weld. Additionally, beam steering and focusing can be still realized in the austenitic steel weld and the beam distortion is more severe in the middle of weld than at other positions.
基金This work was supported by the science and technology project of State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company(No.52090020007F)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0902800).
文摘Acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge detection is widely used in power equipment inspection with the advantages of non-contact and precise positioning compared with partial discharge detection methods such as ultrasonic method and pulse current method.However,due to the sensitivity of the acoustic array sensor and the influence of the equipment operation site interference,the acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge type diagnosis by phase resolved partial discharge(PRPD)map might occasionally presents incorrect results,thus affecting the power equipment operation and maintenance strategy.The acoustic array sensor detection device for power equipment developed in this paper applies the array design model of equal-area multi-arm spiral with machine learning fast fourier transform clean(FFT-CLEAN)sound source localization identification algorithm to avoid the interference factors in the noise acquisition system using a single microphone and conventional beam forming algorithm,improves the spatial resolution of the acoustic array sensor device,and proposes an acoustic array sensor device based on the acoustic spectrogram.The analysis and diagnosis method of discharge type of acoustic array sensor device can effectively reduce the system misjudgment caused by factors such as the resolution of the acoustic imaging device and the time domain pulse of the digital signal,and reduce the false alarm rate of the acoustic array sensor device.The proposed method is tested by selecting power cables as the object,and its effectiveness is proved by laboratory verification and field verification.
基金Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M592782)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11274253 and 11604259)
文摘An acoustic vector sensor can measure the components of particle velocity and the acoustic pressure at the same point simultaneously, which provides a larger array gain against the ambient noise and a higher angular resolution than the omnidirectional pressure sensor. This paper presents an experimental study of array gain for a conformal acoustic vector sensor array in a practical environment. First, the manifold vector is calculated using the real measured data so that the effects of array mismatches can be minimized. Second, an optimal beamformer with a specific spatial response on the basis of the stable directivity of the ambient noise is designed, which can effectively suppress the ambient noise. Experimental results show that this beamformer for the conformal acoustic vector sensor array provides good signal-to- noise ratio enhancement and is more advantageous than the delay-and-sum and minimum variance distortionless response beamformers.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0201900)。
文摘Strengthened directivity with higher-order side lobes can be generated by the transducer with a larger radius at a higher frequency. The multi-annular pressure distributions are displayed in the cross-section of the acoustic vortices(AVs)which are formed by side lobes. In the near field, particles can be trapped in the valley region between the two annuli of the pressure peak, and cannot be moved to the vortex center. In this paper, a trapping method based on a sector transducer array is proposed, which is characterized by the continuously variable topological charge(CVTC). This acoustic field can not only enlarge the range of particle trapping but also improve the aggregation degree of the trapped particles. In the experiments, polyethylene particles with a diameter of 0.2 mm are trapped into the multi-annular valleys by the AV with a fixed topological charge. Nevertheless, by applying the CVTC, particles outside the radius of the AV can cross the pressure peak successfully and move to the vortex center. Theoretical studies are also verified by the experimental particles trapping using the AV with the continuous variation of three topological charges, and suggest the potential application of large-scale particle trapping in biomedical engineering.
文摘The passive acoustic localization with planar sensor array is introduced. Based on a method to eliminate the influence of effective sound velocity in passive detection, a new five-sensors solid array and its localization model are put forward. The factors that influence the precision of the localization are analyzed. Considering the errors from the factors synchronously, the simulation compares the solid array with the planar array. It can be proved that the five-sensor solid array is better than the four-sensor planar array in the estimation of bearing elements.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.50909028
文摘Acoustic vector sensor consists of pressure and particle velocity sensors,which measure the three-dimensional acoustic particle velocity,as well as the pressure at one location at the same time.By preserving the amplitude and phase information of the pressure and particle velocity,they possess a number of advantages over traditional scalar sensors.Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain (which is often called array gain) is one of such advantages and is always interested by all of us.But it is not unchangeable if the spatial correlation of the noise field varies.Much more important,it is difficult to be given if the noise becomes complex.In this paper,spatial correlation of the vector field of isotropic volume-noise and surface-generated noise has been introduced briefly.Based on the results,the combined SNR output of a vector linear array is investigated and the maximum gain is given in the specified noise.Computer simulation shows that the output of one array in the same noise is not the same in different gestures.And then we find the best gesture through SNR calculation and obtain the biggest gain,which has important meaning to guide how to deploy an array in practice.We also should use the array with respect to the characteristics of the real ambient noise,especially in anisotropic noise field.
基金Supported by NSF CENS program (CCR-0121778), NSF (EF-0410438), and ST Microelectronics in USA.
文摘In this paper, we consider the analysis, implementation, and application of wideband sources using both seismic and acoustic sensors. We use the approximate maximum likelihood (AML) algorithm to perform acoustic direction of arrival (DOA). For non-uniform noise spectra, whitening filtering was applied to the received acoustic signals before the AML operation. For short-range seismic DOA applications, one method was based on eigen-decomposition of the covariance matrix and a second method was based on surface wave analysis. Two well-known optimization schemes were used to estimate the source locations from the estimated DOAs at sensors of known locations. Experimental estimation of the DOAs and resulting localizations using the acoustic and seismic signals generated by striking a heavy metal plate by a hammer were reported.
基金Sponsored by the Ministerial Level Advanced Research Foundation (9153C6753029532C667)
文摘The passive acoustic locating technology is widely used in military fields. The traditional locating method with single array has low precision of distance estimation, but comparatively high precision of angle estimation. According to the characteristic, the algorithm for acoustic passive localization based on the azimuth angle and geometry position of the two arrays is derived to estimate the target distance, and the simulation for the factors that affect the localization precision also proceeds. The result of the simulation shows the precision of localization estimation with dual arrays is superior to that of single array, and the passive localization algorithm based on dual array can meet the practical demands.
文摘The high resolution of DOA（direction of arrival） estimation could be obtained by using the min-norm algorithm. In this paper, the expression of the min-norm spatial spectrum based on acoustic vector-sensor（AVS） linear arrays was presented and simulation study was carried out. Results of simulations indicated that left/right ambiguity could be removed and better performance for DOA estimation was obtainable when dealing with sources close to endfire than using pressure hydrophone linear arrays, and the interelement spacing was allowed to exceed the half-wavelength upper limit. A three-element vector hydrophone linear array with two meters interspace was designed. The AVS experiment was carried out at Songhua Lake in Jinlin Province. Experimental results show a high resolution tracking of targets can be obtained using the rain-norm algorithm.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2011CB707602)the China Natural Science Fond under Grant No.11174149the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education under Grant No.CXl0B_092Z
文摘A new approach to the study on the transient properties of the levitated object in near-field acoustic levitation （NFAL） is presented. In this article, the transient response characteristics, including the levitated height of an object with radius of 24 mm and thickness of 5 mm, the radial velocity and pressure difference of gas at the boundary of clearance between the levitated object and radiating surface （squeeze film）, is calculated according to severa/velocity amplitudes of radiating surface. First, the basic equations in fluid areas on Arbitrary Lagrange--Euler （ALE） form are numericaJly solved by using streamline upwind petrov gaJerkin （SUPG） finite elements method. Second, the formed a/gebraic equations and solid control equations are solved by using synchronous alternating method to gain the transient messages of the levitated object and gas in the squeeze film. Through theoretical and numerical analyses, it is found that there is a oscillation time in the transient process and that the response time does not simply increase with the increasing of velocity amplitudes of radiating surface. More investigations in this paper are helpful for the understanding of the transient properties of levitated object in NFAL, which are in favor of enhancing stabilities and responsiveness of levitated object.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11534009)
文摘The inhomogenous ocean waveguide,which leads the amplitude and phase of the signal arriving at a hydrophone array to fluctuate,is one of the causes that make the array gain deviate from its ideal value.The relationship between the array gain and the fluctuant acoustic channel is studied theoretically.The analytical expression of the array gain is derived via an acoustic channel transfer function on the assumption that the ambient noise field is isotropic.The expression is expanded via the Euler formula to give an insight into the effect of the fluctuant acoustic channel on the array gain.The result demonstrates that the amplitude fluctuation of the acoustic channel transfer functions has a slight effect on the array gain;however,the uniformity of the phase difference between the weighting coefficient and the channel transfer function on all the hydrophones in the array is a major factor that leads the array gain to further deviate from its ideal value.The numerical verification is conducted in the downslope waveguide,in which the gain of a horizontal uniform linear array(HLA)with a wide-aperture operating in the continental slope area is considered.Numerical result is consistent with the theoretical analysis.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10504006, No.50575063).
文摘In the semi-free acoustic field, the actual acoustic pressure at any point is composed of two parts： The direct acoustic pressure and the reflected acoustic pressure. The general acoustic holographic theories and algorithms request that there is only the direct acoustic pressure contained in the pressure at any point on the hologram surface, consequently, they cannot be used to reconstruct acoustic source and predict acoustic field directly. To take the reflected pressure into consideration, near-field acoustic holography for semi-free acoustic field based on wave superposition approach is proposed to realize the holographic reconstruction and prediction of the semi-free acoustic field, and the wave superposition approach is adopted as a holographic transform algorithm. The proposed theory and algorithm are realized and verified with a numerical example, and the drawbacks of the general theories and algorithms in the holographic reconstruction and prediction of the semi-free acoustic field are also demonstrated by this numerical example.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11004045,No.10974040)Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation of China(Grant No.111058)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(Grant No.NCET-08-0767)
文摘Because of the ill-posedness of the near-field acoustic holography（NAH）,the regularization method is required to stabilize the computational process of NAH.The regularization effect is related to how to select the parameter correctly and effectively.However the L-curve method commonly used for the selection of regularization parameters has the disadvantages of wrong selection and incorrect selection,which influences the application of NAH.For the purpose of solving the problems existed in the L-curve method,the （？）-curve method is introduced into the field of NAH,and the performance applied to NAH directly is analyzed on the basis of equivalent source method-based NAH.However,it is found out via investigations that the（？）-curve method in NAH also has the problem of wrong selection and is unable to choose the regularization parameter correctly.In order to select the parameter correctly and effectively,a novel method for selecting regularization parameters is proposed based on the original（？）-curve method,which can be called improved （？）-curve method.In the proposed method the regularization parameters are discretized linearly between the largest singular value and the smallest singular value,and the solution norm and the residual norm corresponding to these regularization parameters are also described in a linear coordinate instead of in a lg-lg coordinate,which are the two main differences compared with the L-curve and with the original（？）-curve method.In linear coordinate and using the linearly discretized regularization parameters,the solution norm is a monotonically decreasing function of the residual norm as the increase of the regularization parameter,moreover the curve is convex everywhere.So the regularization parameters can be selected correctly and effectively based on the improved（？）-curve method.Then a numerical simulation is done with a simply supported plate to verify the validity of the proposed method.Experiments with two actual sources,a clamped plate and the double speakers,are carried out to do a further demonstration.The simulation result as well as the experimental result shows that the improved（？）-curve method is efficacious and has some advantages over the L-curve method and the original（？）-curve method.The proposed novel method is able to avoid the problem of wrong selection and to select the regularization parameter correctly even if the curve is smooth.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 39970209 and 30772072
文摘A theoretical model of focused acoustic field for a multi-annular phased array on concave spherical surface is proposed. In this model, the source boundary conditions of the spheroidal beam equation （SBE） for multi-annular phased elements are studied. Acoustic field calculated by the dynamic focusing model of SBE is compared with numerical results of the O＇Neil and Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov （KZK） model, respectively. Axia/dynamic focusing and the harmonic effects are presented. The results demonstrate that the dynamic focusing model of SBE is good valid for a concave multi-annular phased array with a large aperture angle in the linear or nonlinear field.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant Nos. ZR2022MF336 and ZR2022MD036)。
文摘The characteristics of traditional acoustic vortices(AVs) were verified by the cross-sectional axisymmetric pressure distributions with perfect phase spirals around the center pressure null. In order to generate a non-axisymmetric pressure distribution, the concept of power-exponent-phase was first introduced into the formation of AV beams, named “powerexponent-phase acoustic vortices(PAVs)” in this paper. Based on a ring-array of sector transducers, the helical distribution of the low-pressure valley in cross-sections of PAVs, which enables particles to move from a distant position to the center low-potential well along a certain spiral passageway, was proved theoretically. The particle manipulation behavior for PAVs with a power order of 2 is numerically modeled and experimentally confirmed. The results show that PAVs with a nonaxisymmetric spiral pressure distribution can be used to realize the directional transport of particles in an enlarged scope,suggesting prospective application potential in biomedical engineering.
