This study quantifies seismic amplifications in near-shore arising from seaquakes. Within the Boundary Element Method, boundary elements are used to irradiate waves and force densities obtained for each element. Huyg...This study quantifies seismic amplifications in near-shore arising from seaquakes. Within the Boundary Element Method, boundary elements are used to irradiate waves and force densities obtained for each element. Huygens′ Principle is implemented since the diffracted waves are constructed at the boundary from which they are radiated, which is equivalent to Somigliana′s theorem. Application of boundary conditions leads to a system of integral equations of the Fredholm type of second kind and zero order. Several numerical configurations are analyzed： The first is used to verify the present formulation with ideal sea floor configurations to estimate seismic amplifications. With the formulation verified, simple slope configurations are studied to estimate spectra of seismic motions. It is found that P-waves can produce seismic amplifications from 1.2 to 3.9 times the amplitude of the incident wave. SV-waves can generate seismic amplifications up to 4.5 times the incident wave. Another relevant finding is that the highest amplifications are at the shore compared to the ones at the sea floor.展开更多
Based on hourly observation data from 2016 to 2019 and hourly automatic meteorological observation data from 2018 to 2019, we analyzed the annual, monthly and daily variation characteristics of fog days in Ninglang Ai...Based on hourly observation data from 2016 to 2019 and hourly automatic meteorological observation data from 2018 to 2019, we analyzed the annual, monthly and daily variation characteristics of fog days in Ninglang Airport, and diagnosed a case of summer fog. The results show that the average annual fog days in Ninglang Airport are 128 days and the annual characteristic of fog days is bimodal. Analyzed on fog cases in 2019, it was a summer fog process lasting more than 20 hours and visibility less than 500 m. The data from the automatic observational stations around Ninglang airport can describe the near-surface layer features of fog and illustrate the progress of fog. The meteorological elements of automatic observational stations changed suddenly 2 hours before fog, so the data of the automatic observational stations can be used to forscast fog.展开更多
In this paper,the effects of hardening exponent,yield strength and elastic modulus on the deformability of near hemispherical shells are investigated by means of finite element method and orthogonal experiment design....In this paper,the effects of hardening exponent,yield strength and elastic modulus on the deformability of near hemispherical shells are investigated by means of finite element method and orthogonal experiment design.The largest eccentric angle during the deformation process and thickness reduction after the deformation are introduced to estimate the deformability quantitatively according to the deformation characteristics of near hemispherical shells.The results indicate that the hardening exponent is the most influential parameter,followed by elastic modulus and yield strength.The shell exhibits good deformability when the hardening exponent and elastic modulus are in the range of 0.1-0.125 and 70-108 GPa,respectively.展开更多
精准评估土壤质量是保障育种质量先决条件之一,对评估种子品质和精准施肥具有指导意义。土壤成分含量是土壤质量评估的重要指标,光谱技术已经被证实可以快速、绿色地进行土壤成分检测。然而单一模态光谱技术难以满足种田多种土壤成分含...精准评估土壤质量是保障育种质量先决条件之一,对评估种子品质和精准施肥具有指导意义。土壤成分含量是土壤质量评估的重要指标,光谱技术已经被证实可以快速、绿色地进行土壤成分检测。然而单一模态光谱技术难以满足种田多种土壤成分含量检测的需求。故运用原子激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)和分子可见-近红外光谱(VIS-NIR)技术结合化学计量学方法,对宁夏润丰种业育种玉米田采集的288份土壤样本进行分析,建立金属元素和土壤有机质(SOM)含量的预测模型,并实现金属元素和SOM含量空间可视化分布。首先,利用共线双脉冲LIBS系统采集土壤样本的LIBS数据,利用air-PLS对光谱数据进行基线矫正以减少试验误差。选择的金属元素特征谱线查找于美国国家标准与技术研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)的标准原子光谱数据库。基于国家标准土样的LIBS光谱与其金属元素含量真实值,建立4种金属元素(Na、K、Mg、Mn)的偏最小二乘回归模型(PLSR),其中Mn含量的预测效果最好,R_(p)^(2)达到0.813,RMSEP为0.155 g·kg^(-1)。另一方面,采集可见-近红外光谱数据后,利用SG卷积平滑(SGCS)、一阶导数变换、多元散射矫正(MSC)对光谱数据进行预处理,并分别建立SOM含量的PLSR预测模型对三种预处理方法进行评价,经MSC预处理后所建立的PLSR模型效果最好;随后利用蒙特卡洛交叉验证法(MCCV)剔除SOM含量异常样本。利用竞争自适应重加权采样法(CARS)和连续投影算法(SPA)选择特征波长,分别建立SOM含量的PLSR预测模型对两种算法进行评价;得出利用CARS算法选择的特征波长建立的预测模型性能有所提高。用CARS算法选择的特征波长与SOM含量真实值,分别建立PLSR和反向传播人工神经网络(BPNN)预测模型,其中PLSR模型的效果最好,R_(p)^(2)达到0.864,RMSEP为0.612 g·kg^(-1),RPD_(v)为2.733。最后,利用国家标准土样所建立的PLSR模型预测玉米种田四种金属元素含量,建立PLSR模型预测值和BPNN模型预测值的空间分布图。研究结果表明,LIBS技术和可见-近红外光谱定量分析技术可以对种田土壤金属元素和SOM含量检测,为土壤成分含量的检测和空间可视化分布提供了参考价值并对土壤科学合理地施肥具有指导意义。展开更多
文摘This study quantifies seismic amplifications in near-shore arising from seaquakes. Within the Boundary Element Method, boundary elements are used to irradiate waves and force densities obtained for each element. Huygens′ Principle is implemented since the diffracted waves are constructed at the boundary from which they are radiated, which is equivalent to Somigliana′s theorem. Application of boundary conditions leads to a system of integral equations of the Fredholm type of second kind and zero order. Several numerical configurations are analyzed： The first is used to verify the present formulation with ideal sea floor configurations to estimate seismic amplifications. With the formulation verified, simple slope configurations are studied to estimate spectra of seismic motions. It is found that P-waves can produce seismic amplifications from 1.2 to 3.9 times the amplitude of the incident wave. SV-waves can generate seismic amplifications up to 4.5 times the incident wave. Another relevant finding is that the highest amplifications are at the shore compared to the ones at the sea floor.
文摘Based on hourly observation data from 2016 to 2019 and hourly automatic meteorological observation data from 2018 to 2019, we analyzed the annual, monthly and daily variation characteristics of fog days in Ninglang Airport, and diagnosed a case of summer fog. The results show that the average annual fog days in Ninglang Airport are 128 days and the annual characteristic of fog days is bimodal. Analyzed on fog cases in 2019, it was a summer fog process lasting more than 20 hours and visibility less than 500 m. The data from the automatic observational stations around Ninglang airport can describe the near-surface layer features of fog and illustrate the progress of fog. The meteorological elements of automatic observational stations changed suddenly 2 hours before fog, so the data of the automatic observational stations can be used to forscast fog.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50805121)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2007CB13802)
文摘In this paper,the effects of hardening exponent,yield strength and elastic modulus on the deformability of near hemispherical shells are investigated by means of finite element method and orthogonal experiment design.The largest eccentric angle during the deformation process and thickness reduction after the deformation are introduced to estimate the deformability quantitatively according to the deformation characteristics of near hemispherical shells.The results indicate that the hardening exponent is the most influential parameter,followed by elastic modulus and yield strength.The shell exhibits good deformability when the hardening exponent and elastic modulus are in the range of 0.1-0.125 and 70-108 GPa,respectively.
文摘精准评估土壤质量是保障育种质量先决条件之一,对评估种子品质和精准施肥具有指导意义。土壤成分含量是土壤质量评估的重要指标,光谱技术已经被证实可以快速、绿色地进行土壤成分检测。然而单一模态光谱技术难以满足种田多种土壤成分含量检测的需求。故运用原子激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)和分子可见-近红外光谱(VIS-NIR)技术结合化学计量学方法,对宁夏润丰种业育种玉米田采集的288份土壤样本进行分析,建立金属元素和土壤有机质(SOM)含量的预测模型,并实现金属元素和SOM含量空间可视化分布。首先,利用共线双脉冲LIBS系统采集土壤样本的LIBS数据,利用air-PLS对光谱数据进行基线矫正以减少试验误差。选择的金属元素特征谱线查找于美国国家标准与技术研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)的标准原子光谱数据库。基于国家标准土样的LIBS光谱与其金属元素含量真实值,建立4种金属元素(Na、K、Mg、Mn)的偏最小二乘回归模型(PLSR),其中Mn含量的预测效果最好,R_(p)^(2)达到0.813,RMSEP为0.155 g·kg^(-1)。另一方面,采集可见-近红外光谱数据后,利用SG卷积平滑(SGCS)、一阶导数变换、多元散射矫正(MSC)对光谱数据进行预处理,并分别建立SOM含量的PLSR预测模型对三种预处理方法进行评价,经MSC预处理后所建立的PLSR模型效果最好;随后利用蒙特卡洛交叉验证法(MCCV)剔除SOM含量异常样本。利用竞争自适应重加权采样法(CARS)和连续投影算法(SPA)选择特征波长,分别建立SOM含量的PLSR预测模型对两种算法进行评价;得出利用CARS算法选择的特征波长建立的预测模型性能有所提高。用CARS算法选择的特征波长与SOM含量真实值,分别建立PLSR和反向传播人工神经网络(BPNN)预测模型,其中PLSR模型的效果最好,R_(p)^(2)达到0.864,RMSEP为0.612 g·kg^(-1),RPD_(v)为2.733。最后,利用国家标准土样所建立的PLSR模型预测玉米种田四种金属元素含量,建立PLSR模型预测值和BPNN模型预测值的空间分布图。研究结果表明,LIBS技术和可见-近红外光谱定量分析技术可以对种田土壤金属元素和SOM含量检测,为土壤成分含量的检测和空间可视化分布提供了参考价值并对土壤科学合理地施肥具有指导意义。
