In this study,the evidence-based design(EBD)of naturalized decoration in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)wards of Peking University First Hospital was explored to improve patients’psychological state and...In this study,the evidence-based design(EBD)of naturalized decoration in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)wards of Peking University First Hospital was explored to improve patients’psychological state and rehabilitation environment by introducing natural elements.Based on questionnaire surveys and literature research,the EBD method was adopted to propose a naturalized decoration scheme for HSCT wards,and a satisfaction evaluation was conducted after construction and use.The research results show that naturalized decoration can effectively enhance the satisfaction and comfort of patients and medical staff,verifying its positive effects in HSCT wards.展开更多
During land transformation process in the human history, naturalized plants were introduced to several land use patterns by the different ways of plant itself. Including some naturalized plants that had been contribut...During land transformation process in the human history, naturalized plants were introduced to several land use patterns by the different ways of plant itself. Including some naturalized plants that had been contribute to land restoration, many naturalized plants have been invaded to original habitat or landscape for native plants. Once the plants were colonized, they extend their area and population size. Urban developed areas often give an important role of source habitat for naturalized plants and expanding their population size. In recent, this situation is appearing as one of environmental problems about the urban landscape management controlling the naturalized plants that invaded in the developed area and conserving the native vegetation. This paper is focusing on relationships between distribution of habitat of naturalized plants and landscape patch in urban area in Seoul. Gangdong-Gu, one of the administrative areas in Seoul was selected for this study. We examined the recent land use change using LANDSAT TM data and spreading of the representative naturalized plants (Robinia pseudoacacia and Eupatorium rugosum) by Seoul Biotope Mapping Project and field survey in 1999. As a result, these two species were often occurred in the same habitat and distributed in forest edge disturbed by man. Their distribution patterns were related to landscape indices (patch size and shape) in the forest edge.展开更多
The haematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)ward serves as a temporary residence for patients following their surgical procedures,necessitating adherence to rigorous aseptic standards.However,the current atmosph...The haematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)ward serves as a temporary residence for patients following their surgical procedures,necessitating adherence to rigorous aseptic standards.However,the current atmosphere within these wards frequently contributes to feelings of depression among patients.Research indicates that a restorative environment has the potential to alleviate negative emotional states in individuals.This study utilized the HSCT ward of Peking University First Hospital as a case study to examine the decorative preferences.This investigation was conducted through a questionnaire that was informed by the patients’inherent preferences and insights derived from research on restorative environments.The results indicated that the incorporation of floral decorations,particularly those resembling sunflowers,in ward corridors,communal activity areas,and walls can significantly enhance patients’sense of hope.Additionally,it is essential to improve the environmental visual experience in the nurses’lounge and demonstration rooms for medical staff.展开更多
As physicalisms of various kinds have faced difficulties in recent years, the time has come to explore possible alternatives, one of which is yinyang ontology. A yinyang theorist is expected to provide a plausible acc...As physicalisms of various kinds have faced difficulties in recent years, the time has come to explore possible alternatives, one of which is yinyang ontology. A yinyang theorist is expected to provide a plausible account of causation to replace the traditional notion of causation. The present paper is critical of the Humean tradition, which understands the relata of causal relations in terms of passive materiality so that humans use referential terms to describe causal relations constructively. But an alternative notion of reference is available according to which causal relata are active processors of the information with which they interact. On this latter view, humans use referential language to describe the structure in which the relata interrelate themselves so that the structure can be understood hermeneutically. Reference on this view is naturalized. In this article, I advance two arguments for this thesis, one concerning the informationality of states and the other related to the essentiality of properties.展开更多
Aims Within a habitat of multiple plant species,increased resource availabilities and altered species abundances following disturbances create opportunities for exotic species to successfully establish and subsequentl...Aims Within a habitat of multiple plant species,increased resource availabilities and altered species abundances following disturbances create opportunities for exotic species to successfully establish and subsequently naturalize into its non-native environment.Such post-disturbance changes in abiotic and biotic environments may also promote a naturalized exotic species(or invading species)to become invasive through rapid colonization of the habitat sites by reducing the extent and size of resident plant species.By combining species life history traits with that of the disturbance-induced changes in habitat characteristics,we aimed to determine those interacting factors and associated mechanism allowing an exotic invasion to start off.Methods We used a modified version of the classic competition–colonization(CC)model which was formulated first by Hastings(1980)and studied later by Tilman(1994)to explain spatial coexistence of multiple species.Within this model framework,recruitment-limited spatial competition has explicitly been linked with interspecific resource competition without altering the basic assumptions and structure of the original CC model.Important findings The model results showed that at a constant rate of resource supply,invading species can stably coexist with native species via trade-offs between species competitive ability and colonizing ability.On the other hand,the model predicted that with a fluctuating resource condition,invading species can successfully invade a habitat following continuous reductions in the size and extent of native species.Whether or not invading species holds competitive superiority over the native species for limiting resource,we showed that there exists a range of variation in available resource that allows an exotic invasion to start off in post-disturbance habitat.The associated disturbance-induced mechanism promoting invading species to become invasive has been identified.It states that occurrences of disturbances such as fire or clear-cutting influence variation in resource availability,and in addition open up many vacant microsites;given these disturbance-induced changes,invading species with a higher rate of propagule production and with a higher survival rate of adults particularly in low-resource condition recruits microsites at faster rate relative to native competitor species,and with a given range of variation in resource availabilities,it maintains continued expansions following reductions in size and extent of native species.Moreover,we identified those interacting factors and their specific roles that drive this mechanism.These factors include propagule supply,variable resource level and vacant microsite availability.Increased availability of vacant microsites following disturbances creates an opportunity for rapid colonization.Given this opportunity,higher number of propagules supplied by the invading species enhances the rate of colonization success,whereas the resource variation within a range of given thresholds maintains enhanced colonization rate of the invading species while it depresses native competitor species.Owing to the each factor’s invasion regulatory ability,controlling one or all of them may have strong negative impact on the occurrence of exotic invasion.展开更多
CHINA.Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve.Located in Zhaoqing,Guangdong Province,Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve is a pristine natural sanctuary spanning 1,133 hectares within the low mountain ranges of th...CHINA.Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve.Located in Zhaoqing,Guangdong Province,Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve is a pristine natural sanctuary spanning 1,133 hectares within the low mountain ranges of the Dayunwu Mountains.展开更多
For decades,Xu has been committed to fulfilling the duty and mission of a scientist and educator—diving into the laws of nature,caring deeply for the nation,and earnestly cultivating younger generations.
Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SD...Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SDAT)has emerged as a promising area of research.This perspective summarizes the recent NPT-based sonosensitizers in SDAT.Currently,common NPT-based sonosensitizers include curcumin,chlorophyll derivatives,hypericin,and berberine.Compared with other sonosensitizers,natural sources of NPT-based sonosensitizers with reactive oxide species production performance under ultrasound conditions,low biotoxicity,and other additional biological activity make them have application prospects in bacterial removal.Finally,the potential benefits and challenges of NPT-based nanosonosensitizers were also discussed.展开更多
Elk are seen at the Tian’ezhou National Nature Reserve for Elk in Shishou,Hubei Province,on 27 November 2025.The reserve’s elk population has risen from just 64 in the 1990s to more than 4,500 today.
Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This st...Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This study evaluates the carbon footprint(CF)and economic viability of a liquefied natural gas(LNG)-fueled fishing vessel,using real engine operation simulations to provide precise and dynamic evaluation of fuel consumption and GHG emissions.Operational profiles are obtained through the utilization of onboard monitoring systems,whereas engine performance is simulated using the 1D/0D AVL Boost^(TM)model.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is conducted to quantify the environmental impact,whereas life cycle cost assessment(LCCA)is performed to analyze the profitability of LNG as an alternative fuel.The potential impact of the future fuel price uncertainties is addressed using Monte Carlo simulations.The LCA findings indicate that LNG has the potential to reduce the CF of the vessel by 14%to 16%,in comparison to a diesel power system configuration that serves as the baseline scenario.The LCCA results further indicate that the total cost of an LNG-powered ship is lower by 9.5%-13.8%,depending on the share of LNG and pilot fuels.This finding highlights the potential of LNG to produce considerable environmental benefits while addressing economic challenges under diverse operational and fuel price conditions.展开更多
Li Zehou belongs among the ranks of the most important Chinese philosophers of the 20th and 21st centuries. In his complex theoretical system, he aimed to reconcile the Chinese cultural heritage with the demands of th...Li Zehou belongs among the ranks of the most important Chinese philosophers of the 20th and 21st centuries. In his complex theoretical system, he aimed to reconcile the Chinese cultural heritage with the demands of the contemporary world. Besides elaborating on traditional Chinese philosophy, Li launched many innovative views based on his understanding of specific developments in pre-modern and modern Western philosophy. His philosophy could be described as the search for a synthesis between Western and traditional Chinese thought and a specifically Chinese modernization. In order to provide a basic insight into Li＇s specific methods of combining Kant, early Marx and classical Chinese philosophy, the present article investigates his elaboration of the traditional Chinese paradigm of “the unity of nature and man” （tianren heyi 天人合一） through the lens of ideas about humanized nature （renhua de ziran ）人化的自然） and naturalized humans （ziranhua de ten 自然化的人）.展开更多
本文基于Web of Science、Medline、Nature Index、高被引科学家名单及世卫组织、FDA、NMPA、IQVIA等最新数据,系统分析全球医学科技战略演变、基础研究格局与医药研发态势,并比较中美创新能力。研究发现:全球医学科技已升级为关乎国家...本文基于Web of Science、Medline、Nature Index、高被引科学家名单及世卫组织、FDA、NMPA、IQVIA等最新数据,系统分析全球医学科技战略演变、基础研究格局与医药研发态势,并比较中美创新能力。研究发现:全球医学科技已升级为关乎国家安全、生物经济与供应链韧性的战略体系,病原体监测、疫苗平台、生物制造成为关键方向。基础研究进入高位稳定期,美国在规模、机构与人才上仍占主导;中国在生物科学高质量科研份额上已反超美国,但在健康科学和临床研究仍偏弱。在医药研发层面,资本与并购加速向ADC、细胞与基因治疗、GLP-1和AI药物研发集中,新兴生物制药公司成为首创新药重要来源。中美均保持全球新药批准高位,但美国在首创机制与罕见病体系上优势明显。总体看,中国正迈向全球医学创新关键力量,但仍需补强健康科学、临床转化与平台体系建设。展开更多
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world.Investigating naturalized non-native plant species composition,phylogenetic relationships among naturalized plant specie...The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world.Investigating naturalized non-native plant species composition,phylogenetic relationships among naturalized plant species,and phylogenetic relationships between native and naturalized plant species on the plateau is of great importance.Here,we analyze a comprehensive dataset including all species of native and naturalized vascular plants known to occur in the core part of the QTP.We use net relatedness index(NRI)and nearest taxon index(NTI),which reflect deep and shallow evolutionary histories,respectively,to quantify phylogenetic relatedness among angiosperm species.The QTP included in this study(1,448,815 km^(2))has 9086 and 314 species of native and naturalized non-native vascular plants,respectively.We find that the naturalized angiosperm species are phylogenetically clustered with respect to the species pool including all native and naturalized angiosperm species on the QTP included in this study,regardless of whether NRI or NTI is used.For the eight regions within the QTP included in this study,NRI and NTI of naturalized angiosperms are positive in seven regions with respect to their respective regional species pools,reflecting phylogenetic clustering.Thus,naturalized angiosperm species are a phylogenetically clustered subset of all angiosperm species on the QTP,regardless of whether the studied plateau as a whole or its constituent regions are considered.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxid...Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal stricture ranks among the most significant complications following endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Excessive fibrotic repair is a typical pathological feature leading to stenosis after ESD....BACKGROUND Esophageal stricture ranks among the most significant complications following endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Excessive fibrotic repair is a typical pathological feature leading to stenosis after ESD.AIM To examine the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of Kangfuxin solution(KFX)in mitigating excessive fibrotic repair of the esophagus post-ESD.METHODS Pigs received KFX at 0.74 mL/kg/d for 21 days after esophageal full circumferential ESD.Endoscopic examinations occurred on days 7 and 21 post-ESD.In vitro,recombinant transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1(5 ng/mL)induced a fibrotic microenvironment in primary esophageal fibroblasts(pEsF).After 24 hours of KFX treatment(at 1.5%,1%,and 0.5%),expression ofα-smooth muscle actin-2(ACTA2),fibronectin(FN),and type collagen I was assessed.Profibrotic signaling was analyzed,including TGF-β1,Smad2/3,and phosphor-smad2/3(p-Smad2/3).RESULTS Compared to the Control group,the groups treated with KFX and prednisolone exhibited reduced esophageal stenosis,lower weight loss rates,and improved food tolerance 21 d after ESD.After treatment,Masson staining revealed thinner and less dense collagen fibers in the submucosal layer.Additionally,the expression of fibrotic effector molecules was notably inhibited.Mechanistically,KFX downregulated the transduction levels of fibrotic functional molecules such as TGF-β1,Smad2/3,and p-Smad2/3.In vitro,pEsF exposed to TGF-β1-induced fibrotic microenvironment displayed increased fibrotic activity,which was reversed by KFX treatment,leading to reduced activation of ACTA2,FN,and collagen I.The 1.5%KFX treatment group showed decreased expression of p-Smad 2/3 in TGF-β1-activated pEsF.CONCLUSION KFX showed promise as a therapeutic option for post-full circumferential esophageal ESD strictures,potentially by suppressing fibroblast fibrotic activity through modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.展开更多
Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a malignancy with multifactorial involvement,multicellular regulation,and multistage evolution.The classic Correa's cascade of intestinal GC specifies a trilogy of malignant transformation ...Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a malignancy with multifactorial involvement,multicellular regulation,and multistage evolution.The classic Correa's cascade of intestinal GC specifies a trilogy of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa,in which normal gastric mucosa gradually progresses from inactive or chronic active gastritis(Phase I)to gastric precancerous lesions(Phase II)and finally to GC(Phase III).Correa's cascade highlights the evolutionary pattern of GC and the importance of early intervention to prevent malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa.Intervening in early gastric mucosal lesions,i.e.,Phases I and II,will be the key strategy to prevent and treat GC.Natural products(NPs)have been an important source for drug development due to abundant sources,tremendous safety,and multiple pharmacodynamic mechanisms.This review is the first to investigate and summarize the multi-step effects and regulatory mechanisms of NPs on the Correa's cascade in gastric carcinogenesis.In Phase I,NPs modulate Helicobacter pylori urease activity,motility,adhesion,virulence factors,and drug resistance,thereby inhibiting H.pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammation and oxidative stress,and facilitating ulcer healing.In Phase II,NPs modulate multiple pathways and mediators regulating gastric mucosal cell cycle,apoptosis,autophagy,and angiogenesis to reverse gastric precancerous lesions.In Phase III,NPs suppress cell proliferation,migration,invasion,angiogenesis,and cancer stem cells,induce apoptosis and autophagy,and enhance chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity for the treatment of GC.In contrast to existing work,we hope to uncover NPs with sequential therapeutic effects on multiple phases of GC development,providing new ideas for gastric cancer prevention,treatment,and drug development.展开更多
Stroke is the second leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide,imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on individuals and healthcare systems.Annually,approximately 14 million people experience stroke,wit...Stroke is the second leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide,imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on individuals and healthcare systems.Annually,approximately 14 million people experience stroke,with ischemic stroke comprising nearly 85%of cases,of which 10%to 20%involve large vessel occlusions.Currently,recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(tPA)remains the only approved pharmacological intervention.However,its utility is limited due to a narrow therapeutic window and low recanalization rates,making it applicable to only a minority of patients.Therefore,there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies,including pharmacological advancements and combinatory treatments.Small-molecule natural medicines,particularly those derived from traditional Chinese herbs,have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in ischemic stroke management.These compounds exert multiple neuroprotective effects,such as antioxidation,anti-inflammatory action,and inhibition of apoptosis,all of which are critical in mitigating stroke-induced cerebral damage.This review comprehensively examines the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and highlights the recent progress in the development of small-molecule natural medicines as promising therapeutic agents for cerebral ischemic stroke.展开更多
Natural products(NPs)have historically been a fundamental source for drug discovery.Yet the complex nature of NPs presents substantial challenges in pinpointing bioactive constituents,and corresponding targets.In the ...Natural products(NPs)have historically been a fundamental source for drug discovery.Yet the complex nature of NPs presents substantial challenges in pinpointing bioactive constituents,and corresponding targets.In the present study,an innovative natural product virtual screening-interaction-phenotype(NP-VIP)strategy that integrates virtual screening,chemical proteomics,and metabolomics to identify and validate the bioactive targets of NPs.This approach reduces false positive results and enhances the efficiency of target identification.Salvia miltiorrhiza(SM),a herb with recognized therapeutic potential against ischemic stroke(IS),was used to illustrate the workflow.Utilizing virtual screening,chemical proteomics,and metabolomics,potential therapeutic targets for SM in the IS treatment were identified,totaling 29,100,and 78,respectively.Further analysis via the NP-VIP strategy highlighted five high-confidence targets,including poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase 1(PARP1),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),amyloid precursor protein(APP),glutamate-ammonia ligase(GLUL),and glutamate decarboxylase 67(GAD67).These targets were subsequently validated and found to play critical roles in the neuroprotective effects of SM.The study not only underscores the importance of SM in treating IS but also sets a precedent for NP research,proposing a comprehensive approach that could be adapted for broader pharmacological explorations.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Visual Perception Based Natural Intervention for Patients in HSCT Wards(52278045)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programme for Students in 2024(10805136024XN139-91).
文摘In this study,the evidence-based design(EBD)of naturalized decoration in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)wards of Peking University First Hospital was explored to improve patients’psychological state and rehabilitation environment by introducing natural elements.Based on questionnaire surveys and literature research,the EBD method was adopted to propose a naturalized decoration scheme for HSCT wards,and a satisfaction evaluation was conducted after construction and use.The research results show that naturalized decoration can effectively enhance the satisfaction and comfort of patients and medical staff,verifying its positive effects in HSCT wards.
文摘During land transformation process in the human history, naturalized plants were introduced to several land use patterns by the different ways of plant itself. Including some naturalized plants that had been contribute to land restoration, many naturalized plants have been invaded to original habitat or landscape for native plants. Once the plants were colonized, they extend their area and population size. Urban developed areas often give an important role of source habitat for naturalized plants and expanding their population size. In recent, this situation is appearing as one of environmental problems about the urban landscape management controlling the naturalized plants that invaded in the developed area and conserving the native vegetation. This paper is focusing on relationships between distribution of habitat of naturalized plants and landscape patch in urban area in Seoul. Gangdong-Gu, one of the administrative areas in Seoul was selected for this study. We examined the recent land use change using LANDSAT TM data and spreading of the representative naturalized plants (Robinia pseudoacacia and Eupatorium rugosum) by Seoul Biotope Mapping Project and field survey in 1999. As a result, these two species were often occurred in the same habitat and distributed in forest edge disturbed by man. Their distribution patterns were related to landscape indices (patch size and shape) in the forest edge.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52278045).
文摘The haematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)ward serves as a temporary residence for patients following their surgical procedures,necessitating adherence to rigorous aseptic standards.However,the current atmosphere within these wards frequently contributes to feelings of depression among patients.Research indicates that a restorative environment has the potential to alleviate negative emotional states in individuals.This study utilized the HSCT ward of Peking University First Hospital as a case study to examine the decorative preferences.This investigation was conducted through a questionnaire that was informed by the patients’inherent preferences and insights derived from research on restorative environments.The results indicated that the incorporation of floral decorations,particularly those resembling sunflowers,in ward corridors,communal activity areas,and walls can significantly enhance patients’sense of hope.Additionally,it is essential to improve the environmental visual experience in the nurses’lounge and demonstration rooms for medical staff.
文摘As physicalisms of various kinds have faced difficulties in recent years, the time has come to explore possible alternatives, one of which is yinyang ontology. A yinyang theorist is expected to provide a plausible account of causation to replace the traditional notion of causation. The present paper is critical of the Humean tradition, which understands the relata of causal relations in terms of passive materiality so that humans use referential terms to describe causal relations constructively. But an alternative notion of reference is available according to which causal relata are active processors of the information with which they interact. On this latter view, humans use referential language to describe the structure in which the relata interrelate themselves so that the structure can be understood hermeneutically. Reference on this view is naturalized. In this article, I advance two arguments for this thesis, one concerning the informationality of states and the other related to the essentiality of properties.
基金US National Science Foundation’s Biocomplexity Program(DEB-0421530)Long Term Ecological Research Program(Sevilleta)(DEB-0620482)and the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station。
文摘Aims Within a habitat of multiple plant species,increased resource availabilities and altered species abundances following disturbances create opportunities for exotic species to successfully establish and subsequently naturalize into its non-native environment.Such post-disturbance changes in abiotic and biotic environments may also promote a naturalized exotic species(or invading species)to become invasive through rapid colonization of the habitat sites by reducing the extent and size of resident plant species.By combining species life history traits with that of the disturbance-induced changes in habitat characteristics,we aimed to determine those interacting factors and associated mechanism allowing an exotic invasion to start off.Methods We used a modified version of the classic competition–colonization(CC)model which was formulated first by Hastings(1980)and studied later by Tilman(1994)to explain spatial coexistence of multiple species.Within this model framework,recruitment-limited spatial competition has explicitly been linked with interspecific resource competition without altering the basic assumptions and structure of the original CC model.Important findings The model results showed that at a constant rate of resource supply,invading species can stably coexist with native species via trade-offs between species competitive ability and colonizing ability.On the other hand,the model predicted that with a fluctuating resource condition,invading species can successfully invade a habitat following continuous reductions in the size and extent of native species.Whether or not invading species holds competitive superiority over the native species for limiting resource,we showed that there exists a range of variation in available resource that allows an exotic invasion to start off in post-disturbance habitat.The associated disturbance-induced mechanism promoting invading species to become invasive has been identified.It states that occurrences of disturbances such as fire or clear-cutting influence variation in resource availability,and in addition open up many vacant microsites;given these disturbance-induced changes,invading species with a higher rate of propagule production and with a higher survival rate of adults particularly in low-resource condition recruits microsites at faster rate relative to native competitor species,and with a given range of variation in resource availabilities,it maintains continued expansions following reductions in size and extent of native species.Moreover,we identified those interacting factors and their specific roles that drive this mechanism.These factors include propagule supply,variable resource level and vacant microsite availability.Increased availability of vacant microsites following disturbances creates an opportunity for rapid colonization.Given this opportunity,higher number of propagules supplied by the invading species enhances the rate of colonization success,whereas the resource variation within a range of given thresholds maintains enhanced colonization rate of the invading species while it depresses native competitor species.Owing to the each factor’s invasion regulatory ability,controlling one or all of them may have strong negative impact on the occurrence of exotic invasion.
文摘CHINA.Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve.Located in Zhaoqing,Guangdong Province,Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve is a pristine natural sanctuary spanning 1,133 hectares within the low mountain ranges of the Dayunwu Mountains.
文摘For decades,Xu has been committed to fulfilling the duty and mission of a scientist and educator—diving into the laws of nature,caring deeply for the nation,and earnestly cultivating younger generations.
基金supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(X2025102911746,X2025102910483).
文摘Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SDAT)has emerged as a promising area of research.This perspective summarizes the recent NPT-based sonosensitizers in SDAT.Currently,common NPT-based sonosensitizers include curcumin,chlorophyll derivatives,hypericin,and berberine.Compared with other sonosensitizers,natural sources of NPT-based sonosensitizers with reactive oxide species production performance under ultrasound conditions,low biotoxicity,and other additional biological activity make them have application prospects in bacterial removal.Finally,the potential benefits and challenges of NPT-based nanosonosensitizers were also discussed.
文摘Elk are seen at the Tian’ezhou National Nature Reserve for Elk in Shishou,Hubei Province,on 27 November 2025.The reserve’s elk population has risen from just 64 in the 1990s to more than 4,500 today.
文摘Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This study evaluates the carbon footprint(CF)and economic viability of a liquefied natural gas(LNG)-fueled fishing vessel,using real engine operation simulations to provide precise and dynamic evaluation of fuel consumption and GHG emissions.Operational profiles are obtained through the utilization of onboard monitoring systems,whereas engine performance is simulated using the 1D/0D AVL Boost^(TM)model.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is conducted to quantify the environmental impact,whereas life cycle cost assessment(LCCA)is performed to analyze the profitability of LNG as an alternative fuel.The potential impact of the future fuel price uncertainties is addressed using Monte Carlo simulations.The LCA findings indicate that LNG has the potential to reduce the CF of the vessel by 14%to 16%,in comparison to a diesel power system configuration that serves as the baseline scenario.The LCCA results further indicate that the total cost of an LNG-powered ship is lower by 9.5%-13.8%,depending on the share of LNG and pilot fuels.This finding highlights the potential of LNG to produce considerable environmental benefits while addressing economic challenges under diverse operational and fuel price conditions.
文摘Li Zehou belongs among the ranks of the most important Chinese philosophers of the 20th and 21st centuries. In his complex theoretical system, he aimed to reconcile the Chinese cultural heritage with the demands of the contemporary world. Besides elaborating on traditional Chinese philosophy, Li launched many innovative views based on his understanding of specific developments in pre-modern and modern Western philosophy. His philosophy could be described as the search for a synthesis between Western and traditional Chinese thought and a specifically Chinese modernization. In order to provide a basic insight into Li＇s specific methods of combining Kant, early Marx and classical Chinese philosophy, the present article investigates his elaboration of the traditional Chinese paradigm of “the unity of nature and man” （tianren heyi 天人合一） through the lens of ideas about humanized nature （renhua de ziran ）人化的自然） and naturalized humans （ziranhua de ten 自然化的人）.
文摘本文基于Web of Science、Medline、Nature Index、高被引科学家名单及世卫组织、FDA、NMPA、IQVIA等最新数据,系统分析全球医学科技战略演变、基础研究格局与医药研发态势,并比较中美创新能力。研究发现:全球医学科技已升级为关乎国家安全、生物经济与供应链韧性的战略体系,病原体监测、疫苗平台、生物制造成为关键方向。基础研究进入高位稳定期,美国在规模、机构与人才上仍占主导;中国在生物科学高质量科研份额上已反超美国,但在健康科学和临床研究仍偏弱。在医药研发层面,资本与并购加速向ADC、细胞与基因治疗、GLP-1和AI药物研发集中,新兴生物制药公司成为首创新药重要来源。中美均保持全球新药批准高位,但美国在首创机制与罕见病体系上优势明显。总体看,中国正迈向全球医学创新关键力量,但仍需补强健康科学、临床转化与平台体系建设。
基金supported by grants from the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK0502)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20050203)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan joint fund to support key projects(U1802232)the Major Program for Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(202101BC070002)the Yunnan Young&Elite Talents Project(YNWR-QNBJ-2019-033)the Ten Thousand Talents Program of Yunnan Province(202005AB160005)the Chinese Academy of Sciences“Light of West China”Program.
文摘The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world.Investigating naturalized non-native plant species composition,phylogenetic relationships among naturalized plant species,and phylogenetic relationships between native and naturalized plant species on the plateau is of great importance.Here,we analyze a comprehensive dataset including all species of native and naturalized vascular plants known to occur in the core part of the QTP.We use net relatedness index(NRI)and nearest taxon index(NTI),which reflect deep and shallow evolutionary histories,respectively,to quantify phylogenetic relatedness among angiosperm species.The QTP included in this study(1,448,815 km^(2))has 9086 and 314 species of native and naturalized non-native vascular plants,respectively.We find that the naturalized angiosperm species are phylogenetically clustered with respect to the species pool including all native and naturalized angiosperm species on the QTP included in this study,regardless of whether NRI or NTI is used.For the eight regions within the QTP included in this study,NRI and NTI of naturalized angiosperms are positive in seven regions with respect to their respective regional species pools,reflecting phylogenetic clustering.Thus,naturalized angiosperm species are a phylogenetically clustered subset of all angiosperm species on the QTP,regardless of whether the studied plateau as a whole or its constituent regions are considered.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071442 (to LS)a grant from the Jilin Provincial Department of Finance,No.JLSWSRCZX2021-004 (to LS)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,No.2020YFS0376National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81900599Science and Technology Program of Hospital of TCM,Southwest Medical University,No.2022-CXTD-01.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal stricture ranks among the most significant complications following endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Excessive fibrotic repair is a typical pathological feature leading to stenosis after ESD.AIM To examine the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of Kangfuxin solution(KFX)in mitigating excessive fibrotic repair of the esophagus post-ESD.METHODS Pigs received KFX at 0.74 mL/kg/d for 21 days after esophageal full circumferential ESD.Endoscopic examinations occurred on days 7 and 21 post-ESD.In vitro,recombinant transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1(5 ng/mL)induced a fibrotic microenvironment in primary esophageal fibroblasts(pEsF).After 24 hours of KFX treatment(at 1.5%,1%,and 0.5%),expression ofα-smooth muscle actin-2(ACTA2),fibronectin(FN),and type collagen I was assessed.Profibrotic signaling was analyzed,including TGF-β1,Smad2/3,and phosphor-smad2/3(p-Smad2/3).RESULTS Compared to the Control group,the groups treated with KFX and prednisolone exhibited reduced esophageal stenosis,lower weight loss rates,and improved food tolerance 21 d after ESD.After treatment,Masson staining revealed thinner and less dense collagen fibers in the submucosal layer.Additionally,the expression of fibrotic effector molecules was notably inhibited.Mechanistically,KFX downregulated the transduction levels of fibrotic functional molecules such as TGF-β1,Smad2/3,and p-Smad2/3.In vitro,pEsF exposed to TGF-β1-induced fibrotic microenvironment displayed increased fibrotic activity,which was reversed by KFX treatment,leading to reduced activation of ACTA2,FN,and collagen I.The 1.5%KFX treatment group showed decreased expression of p-Smad 2/3 in TGF-β1-activated pEsF.CONCLUSION KFX showed promise as a therapeutic option for post-full circumferential esophageal ESD strictures,potentially by suppressing fibroblast fibrotic activity through modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.
基金supported by the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"Xinglin Scholars"Program,China(Grant No.:MPRC2023014).
文摘Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a malignancy with multifactorial involvement,multicellular regulation,and multistage evolution.The classic Correa's cascade of intestinal GC specifies a trilogy of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa,in which normal gastric mucosa gradually progresses from inactive or chronic active gastritis(Phase I)to gastric precancerous lesions(Phase II)and finally to GC(Phase III).Correa's cascade highlights the evolutionary pattern of GC and the importance of early intervention to prevent malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa.Intervening in early gastric mucosal lesions,i.e.,Phases I and II,will be the key strategy to prevent and treat GC.Natural products(NPs)have been an important source for drug development due to abundant sources,tremendous safety,and multiple pharmacodynamic mechanisms.This review is the first to investigate and summarize the multi-step effects and regulatory mechanisms of NPs on the Correa's cascade in gastric carcinogenesis.In Phase I,NPs modulate Helicobacter pylori urease activity,motility,adhesion,virulence factors,and drug resistance,thereby inhibiting H.pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammation and oxidative stress,and facilitating ulcer healing.In Phase II,NPs modulate multiple pathways and mediators regulating gastric mucosal cell cycle,apoptosis,autophagy,and angiogenesis to reverse gastric precancerous lesions.In Phase III,NPs suppress cell proliferation,migration,invasion,angiogenesis,and cancer stem cells,induce apoptosis and autophagy,and enhance chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity for the treatment of GC.In contrast to existing work,we hope to uncover NPs with sequential therapeutic effects on multiple phases of GC development,providing new ideas for gastric cancer prevention,treatment,and drug development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82174010 and 81973512)。
文摘Stroke is the second leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide,imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on individuals and healthcare systems.Annually,approximately 14 million people experience stroke,with ischemic stroke comprising nearly 85%of cases,of which 10%to 20%involve large vessel occlusions.Currently,recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(tPA)remains the only approved pharmacological intervention.However,its utility is limited due to a narrow therapeutic window and low recanalization rates,making it applicable to only a minority of patients.Therefore,there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies,including pharmacological advancements and combinatory treatments.Small-molecule natural medicines,particularly those derived from traditional Chinese herbs,have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in ischemic stroke management.These compounds exert multiple neuroprotective effects,such as antioxidation,anti-inflammatory action,and inhibition of apoptosis,all of which are critical in mitigating stroke-induced cerebral damage.This review comprehensively examines the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and highlights the recent progress in the development of small-molecule natural medicines as promising therapeutic agents for cerebral ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant No.:82204584)Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Projects,China(Project No.:2021JH1/10400055).
文摘Natural products(NPs)have historically been a fundamental source for drug discovery.Yet the complex nature of NPs presents substantial challenges in pinpointing bioactive constituents,and corresponding targets.In the present study,an innovative natural product virtual screening-interaction-phenotype(NP-VIP)strategy that integrates virtual screening,chemical proteomics,and metabolomics to identify and validate the bioactive targets of NPs.This approach reduces false positive results and enhances the efficiency of target identification.Salvia miltiorrhiza(SM),a herb with recognized therapeutic potential against ischemic stroke(IS),was used to illustrate the workflow.Utilizing virtual screening,chemical proteomics,and metabolomics,potential therapeutic targets for SM in the IS treatment were identified,totaling 29,100,and 78,respectively.Further analysis via the NP-VIP strategy highlighted five high-confidence targets,including poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase 1(PARP1),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),amyloid precursor protein(APP),glutamate-ammonia ligase(GLUL),and glutamate decarboxylase 67(GAD67).These targets were subsequently validated and found to play critical roles in the neuroprotective effects of SM.The study not only underscores the importance of SM in treating IS but also sets a precedent for NP research,proposing a comprehensive approach that could be adapted for broader pharmacological explorations.
