Pronunciation plays an important role in English language teaching. This essay reviews literature on English pronunciation teaching and English as a Lingua Franca. Through examining the priorities in English pronuncia...Pronunciation plays an important role in English language teaching. This essay reviews literature on English pronunciation teaching and English as a Lingua Franca. Through examining the priorities in English pronunciation teaching, teachers' and students' attitudes towards intelligibility and native-like proficiency, as well as the value of adhering to a language standard, the author provides rational reasons for choosing intelligibility rather than native-like proficiency as the priority of English pronunciation teaching.展开更多
Recent research has found that L2 learners of high grammatical proficiency will not necessarily show concomitant pragmatic skills. On the basis of Danesi＇s Conceptual Fluency theory and actual learners＇ oral abiliti...Recent research has found that L2 learners of high grammatical proficiency will not necessarily show concomitant pragmatic skills. On the basis of Danesi＇s Conceptual Fluency theory and actual learners＇ oral abilities, this research conducted two types of tests： a discourse-completion test and a dialogue-interpretation test. The research has found that L2 learners are often influenced by L1 conceptual system, and speeches are not necessarily appropriate and native-like.展开更多
Raising a heterologous tier 2 neutralizing antibody(nAb)response remains a daunting task for HIV vaccine development.In this study,we explored the utility of diverse HIV-1 envelope(Env)immunogens in a sequential immun...Raising a heterologous tier 2 neutralizing antibody(nAb)response remains a daunting task for HIV vaccine development.In this study,we explored the utility of diverse HIV-1 envelope(Env)immunogens in a sequential immunization scheme as a solution to this task.This exploration stemmed from the rationale that gp145,a membrane-bound truncation form of HIV Env,may facilitate the focusing of induced antibody response on neutralizing epitopes when sequentially combined with the soluble gp140 form as immunogens in a prime-boost mode.We first showed that gp140 DNA prime-gp145 Tiantan vaccinia(TV)boost likely represents a general format for inducing potent nAb response in mice.However,when examined in rhesus macaque,this modality showed little effectiveness.To improve the efficacy,we extended the original modality by adding a strong protein boost,namely native-like SOSIP.664 trimer displayed on ferritin-based nanoparticle(NP),which was generated by a newly developed click approach.The resulting three-immunization regimen succeeded in eliciting tier-2 nAb response with substantial breadth when implemented in rhesus macaque over a short 8-week schedule.Importantly,the elicited nAb response was able to effectively contain viremia upon a heterologous SHIV challenge.Collectively,our studies highlighted that diversification of Env immunogens,in both types and formulations,under the framework of a sequential immunization scheme might open new opportunity toward HIV vaccine development.展开更多
This article focuses on investigating whether and how the factors of AoA,exposure of L1 Japanese and motivation have an effect on the production of L2 English sound of L1 Japanese speakers.In addition,the most effecti...This article focuses on investigating whether and how the factors of AoA,exposure of L1 Japanese and motivation have an effect on the production of L2 English sound of L1 Japanese speakers.In addition,the most effective factor affecting the L2 nativelike sound will be examined and the results will be received by using R studio.展开更多
Collagen,the most abundant structural protein in the human extracellular matrix(ECM),provides essential support for tissues and guides tissue development.Despite its widespread use in tissue engineering,there remains ...Collagen,the most abundant structural protein in the human extracellular matrix(ECM),provides essential support for tissues and guides tissue development.Despite its widespread use in tissue engineering,there remains uncertainty regarding the optimal selection of collagen sources.Animal-derived sources pose challenges such as immunogenicity,while the recombinant system is hindered by diminished bioactivity.In this study,we hypothesized that human ECM-like collagen(hCol)could offer an alternative for tissue engineering.In this study,a facile platform was provided for generating hCol derived from mesenchymal stem cells with a hierarchical structure and biochemical properties resembling native collagen.Our results further demonstrated that hCol could facilitate basal biological behaviors of human adipose-derived stem cells,including viability,proliferation,migration and adipocyte-like phenotype.Additionally,it could promote cutaneous wound closure.Due to its high similarity to native collagen and good bioactivity,hCol holds promise as a prospective candidate for in vitro and in vivo applications in tissue engineering.展开更多
文摘Pronunciation plays an important role in English language teaching. This essay reviews literature on English pronunciation teaching and English as a Lingua Franca. Through examining the priorities in English pronunciation teaching, teachers' and students' attitudes towards intelligibility and native-like proficiency, as well as the value of adhering to a language standard, the author provides rational reasons for choosing intelligibility rather than native-like proficiency as the priority of English pronunciation teaching.
文摘Recent research has found that L2 learners of high grammatical proficiency will not necessarily show concomitant pragmatic skills. On the basis of Danesi＇s Conceptual Fluency theory and actual learners＇ oral abilities, this research conducted two types of tests： a discourse-completion test and a dialogue-interpretation test. The research has found that L2 learners are often influenced by L1 conceptual system, and speeches are not necessarily appropriate and native-like.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81672018,81561128008)the National Basic Research Program of China(973program#2014CB542502)+2 种基金the National 13th Five-Year Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease Control(2017ZX10202102)Shanghai Pujiang Program(19PJ1409100)Intramural Funding from Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.
文摘Raising a heterologous tier 2 neutralizing antibody(nAb)response remains a daunting task for HIV vaccine development.In this study,we explored the utility of diverse HIV-1 envelope(Env)immunogens in a sequential immunization scheme as a solution to this task.This exploration stemmed from the rationale that gp145,a membrane-bound truncation form of HIV Env,may facilitate the focusing of induced antibody response on neutralizing epitopes when sequentially combined with the soluble gp140 form as immunogens in a prime-boost mode.We first showed that gp140 DNA prime-gp145 Tiantan vaccinia(TV)boost likely represents a general format for inducing potent nAb response in mice.However,when examined in rhesus macaque,this modality showed little effectiveness.To improve the efficacy,we extended the original modality by adding a strong protein boost,namely native-like SOSIP.664 trimer displayed on ferritin-based nanoparticle(NP),which was generated by a newly developed click approach.The resulting three-immunization regimen succeeded in eliciting tier-2 nAb response with substantial breadth when implemented in rhesus macaque over a short 8-week schedule.Importantly,the elicited nAb response was able to effectively contain viremia upon a heterologous SHIV challenge.Collectively,our studies highlighted that diversification of Env immunogens,in both types and formulations,under the framework of a sequential immunization scheme might open new opportunity toward HIV vaccine development.
文摘This article focuses on investigating whether and how the factors of AoA,exposure of L1 Japanese and motivation have an effect on the production of L2 English sound of L1 Japanese speakers.In addition,the most effective factor affecting the L2 nativelike sound will be examined and the results will be received by using R studio.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3800705)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC4013)the Science and Technology Program of Changsha(kq2303005).
文摘Collagen,the most abundant structural protein in the human extracellular matrix(ECM),provides essential support for tissues and guides tissue development.Despite its widespread use in tissue engineering,there remains uncertainty regarding the optimal selection of collagen sources.Animal-derived sources pose challenges such as immunogenicity,while the recombinant system is hindered by diminished bioactivity.In this study,we hypothesized that human ECM-like collagen(hCol)could offer an alternative for tissue engineering.In this study,a facile platform was provided for generating hCol derived from mesenchymal stem cells with a hierarchical structure and biochemical properties resembling native collagen.Our results further demonstrated that hCol could facilitate basal biological behaviors of human adipose-derived stem cells,including viability,proliferation,migration and adipocyte-like phenotype.Additionally,it could promote cutaneous wound closure.Due to its high similarity to native collagen and good bioactivity,hCol holds promise as a prospective candidate for in vitro and in vivo applications in tissue engineering.
