The Ozark Highlands is a unique botanical transition zone where native prairie and forest once co-existed, but conversion to managed agricultural land</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdan...The Ozark Highlands is a unique botanical transition zone where native prairie and forest once co-existed, but conversion to managed agricultural land</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">use has severely reduced the extent of native tallgrass prairie. Quantifying soil nutrient changes over time can contribute to improved understan</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ding of the importance of soil fertility in prairie restoration success. The objective of t</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">his study was to evaluate the effects of prairie ecosystem [</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, chronose</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">quence of four prairie restorations and a native prairie (NP)] and soil moisture regime (SMR;aquic and udic) on the change in extractable soil nutrients </span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">over a 12-yr period from 2005 to 2017 in the Ozark Highlands region of northwest Arkansas. Soil Ca content decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">) in the 17-year-old-aquic and NP-udic combinations, which did not differ and averag</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ed </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">55.7 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, but did not change over time in all other ecos</span></span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ystem-SMR combinations. Soil Na content also decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05) in the 17-year-old-aquic combination (</span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">0.7 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">), but did not change over time in any of the other ecosystem-SMR combinations. Averaged across SMR, soil P content decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05) in the 17-year-old restoration (</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">1.6 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">), while did not change over time in the other three restorations and NP. Soil K, Mg, and Zn content changes over time did not differ (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> > 0.05) among ecosystem or between SMRs.</span><b> </b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Soil nutrient changes are manifestations of soil organic matter dynamics over time and contribute to the inherent soil fertility status of an ecosystem, which needs to be balanced for proper ecosystem functioning and restoration success.展开更多
文摘The Ozark Highlands is a unique botanical transition zone where native prairie and forest once co-existed, but conversion to managed agricultural land</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">use has severely reduced the extent of native tallgrass prairie. Quantifying soil nutrient changes over time can contribute to improved understan</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ding of the importance of soil fertility in prairie restoration success. The objective of t</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">his study was to evaluate the effects of prairie ecosystem [</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, chronose</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">quence of four prairie restorations and a native prairie (NP)] and soil moisture regime (SMR;aquic and udic) on the change in extractable soil nutrients </span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">over a 12-yr period from 2005 to 2017 in the Ozark Highlands region of northwest Arkansas. Soil Ca content decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">) in the 17-year-old-aquic and NP-udic combinations, which did not differ and averag</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ed </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">55.7 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, but did not change over time in all other ecos</span></span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ystem-SMR combinations. Soil Na content also decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05) in the 17-year-old-aquic combination (</span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">0.7 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">), but did not change over time in any of the other ecosystem-SMR combinations. Averaged across SMR, soil P content decreased over time (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ≤ 0.05) in the 17-year-old restoration (</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?</span><span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">1.6 kg?ha</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?yr</span><sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">?1</span></sup><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">), while did not change over time in the other three restorations and NP. Soil K, Mg, and Zn content changes over time did not differ (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> > 0.05) among ecosystem or between SMRs.</span><b> </b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Soil nutrient changes are manifestations of soil organic matter dynamics over time and contribute to the inherent soil fertility status of an ecosystem, which needs to be balanced for proper ecosystem functioning and restoration success.
