1 INTRODUCTION The tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans span over twothirds of the global tropical oceans.A major warm pool with the highest large-scale sea surface temperature of the global oceans is located in the western P...1 INTRODUCTION The tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans span over twothirds of the global tropical oceans.A major warm pool with the highest large-scale sea surface temperature of the global oceans is located in the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans.The climate systems over the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are subject to strong ocean-atmosphere coupling at multiple scales from intraseasonal to interannual,and to centennial.The展开更多
Sustainable Development Goal(SDG 4)lays solid theoretical foundation for the development of higher teacher education in improving the quality of teaching faculty nationwide.Sustainable teacher training paves a way for...Sustainable Development Goal(SDG 4)lays solid theoretical foundation for the development of higher teacher education in improving the quality of teaching faculty nationwide.Sustainable teacher training paves a way for teacher professional development in the long run.China’s“National Teacher Training Program”serves a connection between higher teacher education and K-12 teachers in multiple perspectives when exploring K-12 teachers’improvement of the essence by upgrading the initiative of the program with the assistance of educational technology and modern educational philosophy from mutual creation to mutual benefit.Direction orientation strategic design based on demand for teaching faculty,curriculum setting in modules,and characteristics creation have been carried out to upgrade the training of teacher colleges and National Teacher Training Program in the future for achieving a win-win situation between higher teacher education and K-12 education.展开更多
Good laboratory practice（GLP） plays an important role in pre-clinical studies, which are a key stage in new drug research and development（R＆D）. The development of GLP in China started in the late 1990 s. Followin...Good laboratory practice（GLP） plays an important role in pre-clinical studies, which are a key stage in new drug research and development（R＆D）. The development of GLP in China started in the late 1990 s. Following 20 years of developments, GLP system has already been established in this country. This review firstly evaluated all the institutions in this field, and described the annual number and total number of institutions, the distribution of GLP institutions, the types of GLP institutions, and the service provided by these GLP institutions. Since the initiation of the National Key Technology R＆D Program during the 11 th Five-Year Plan, it had a significant effect on the development of GLP. Therefore, the institutions which have undertaken projects from this program will be introduced later. We also described the infrastructure of hardware and software in GLP institutions along with their faults, such as variation in development and the lack of innovation.展开更多
International Journal of Oral Science(CN:51-1707/R,ISSN:1674-2818)was founded in 2009,sponsored by West China School of Stomatology(WCSS),Sichuan University.WCSS(Huaxi)is renowned as the birthplace of China’s modern ...International Journal of Oral Science(CN:51-1707/R,ISSN:1674-2818)was founded in 2009,sponsored by West China School of Stomatology(WCSS),Sichuan University.WCSS(Huaxi)is renowned as the birthplace of China’s modern dental education and owns the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology,as well as other 5 national research institutes.WCSS has been rated the first place for last 20 years in the National Discipline Assessment by the Ministry of Education of China.展开更多
Manpower is the key factor to the success of the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program. Many manpower strategies have been used in the CIMS Subject, which include elite strategies, training and practicing strategies, and ...Manpower is the key factor to the success of the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program. Many manpower strategies have been used in the CIMS Subject, which include elite strategies, training and practicing strategies, and culture strategies. This paper is mainly about the elite strategies such as to discover the talents, to cultivate the elites and to establish the mechanism for the expert groups to work in team, echelon and vigor.展开更多
In the Acknowledgements section of this article,the grant number"2020YFE0205900"relating to"National Key R&D Program of China"was missing,it has been included and the corrected Acknowledgements...In the Acknowledgements section of this article,the grant number"2020YFE0205900"relating to"National Key R&D Program of China"was missing,it has been included and the corrected Acknowledgements section is given below.展开更多
THE continental dynamics has become a goaI since the beginning of the 1990s and it will still bethe key subject in the 21st century. Orogenic belts, having experienced the most intensechanges of geotherm and mechanics...THE continental dynamics has become a goaI since the beginning of the 1990s and it will still bethe key subject in the 21st century. Orogenic belts, having experienced the most intensechanges of geotherm and mechanics in the lithosphere, are the important research object in thestudy of continental dynamics. For this reason, the study of orogenic belts forms a hot and dif-ficult point in the geological society and the concentration of efforts is needed for overcomingthis difficult point. China has the most orogenic belts of various types in the world, so the De-partment of Earth Sciences caught this scientific chance in the early 1990s, took the展开更多
I. Introduction 1. The children of today will run the families of the 21st century. Their survival, protection and development decide, for the most part, the quality of a people and lay the foundation of human progres...I. Introduction 1. The children of today will run the families of the 21st century. Their survival, protection and development decide, for the most part, the quality of a people and lay the foundation of human progress as a whole. The 1990 World Summit for Children endorsed the "World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children" and the "Plan of Action for Implementing the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children in the 1990s," (hereinafter referred to as "Declaration" and "Plan of Action" for short), In March 1991, Premier Li Peng signed the two documents on behalf of the Chinese Government, making a solemn commitment to this major undertaking. 2. The wholesome development of children has a bearing upon the future of China. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese Government have always paid close attention to the survival,展开更多
Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotype B,called a "superbug",is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide.In this report,the invasive mechanism and management of B.tabaci biotype B,based ...Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotype B,called a "superbug",is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide.In this report,the invasive mechanism and management of B.tabaci biotype B,based on our 5-year studies,are presented.Six B.tabaci biotypes,B,Q,ZHJ1,ZHJ2,ZHJ3 and FJ1,have been identified in China.Biotype B dominates the other biotypes in many regions of the country.Genetic diversity in biotype B might be induced by host plant,geographical conditions,and/or insecticidal application.The activities of CarE(carboxylesterase) and GSTs(glutathione-S-transferase) in biotype B reared on cucumber and squash were greater than on other host plants,which might have increased its resistance to insecticides.The higher activities of detoxification enzymes in biotype B might be induced by the secondary metabolites in host plants.Higher adaptive ability of biotype B adults to adverse conditions might be linked to the expression of heat shock protein genes.The indigenous B.tabaci biotypes were displaced by the biotype B within 225 d.The asymmetric mating interactions and mutualism between biotype B and begomoviruses via its host plants speed up widespread invasion and displacement of other biotypes.B.tabaci biotype B displaced Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood) after 4-7 generations under glasshouse conditions.Greater adaptive ability of the biotype B to adverse conditions and its rapid population increase might be the reasons of its successful displacement of T.vaporariorum.Greater ability of the biotype B to switch to different host plants may enrich its host plants,which might enable it to better compete with T.vaporariorum.Native predatory natural enemies possess greater ability to suppress B.tabaci under field conditions.The kairomones in the 3rd and 4th instars of biotype B may provide an important stimulus in host searching and location by its parasitoids.The present results provide useful information in explaining the mechanisms of genetic diversity,evolution and molecular eco-adaptation of biotype B.Furthermore,it provides a base for sustainable management of B.tabaci using biological and ecological measures.展开更多
To date, it remains poorly understood whether astrocytes can be easily reprogrammed into neurons. Mashl and Brn2 have been previously shown to cooperate to reprogram fibroblasts into neurons. In this study, we examine...To date, it remains poorly understood whether astrocytes can be easily reprogrammed into neurons. Mashl and Brn2 have been previously shown to cooperate to reprogram fibroblasts into neurons. In this study, we examined astrocytes from 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and found that Brn2 was expressed, but Mashl was not detectable. Thus, we hypothesized that Mashl alone could be used to reprogram astrocytes into neurons. We transfected a recombinant MSCV-MASH1 plasmid into astrocytes for 72 hours, and saw that all cells expressed Mashl. One week later, we observed the changes in morphology of astrocytes, which showed typical neuro- nal characteristics. Moreover, β-tubulin expression levels were significantly higher in astrocytes expressing Mashl than in control cells. These results indicate that Mashl alone can reprogram astrocytes into neurons.展开更多
International Journal of Oral Science(CN:51-1707/R,ISSN:1674-2818)was founded in 2009,sponsored by West China School of Stomatology(WCSS),Sichuan University.WCSS(Huaxi)is renowned as the birthplace of China’s modern ...International Journal of Oral Science(CN:51-1707/R,ISSN:1674-2818)was founded in 2009,sponsored by West China School of Stomatology(WCSS),Sichuan University.WCSS(Huaxi)is renowned as the birthplace of China’s modern dental education and owns the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology,as well as other 5 national research institutes.WCSS has been rated the first place for last 20 years in the National Discipline Assessment by the Ministry of Education of China.展开更多
文摘1 INTRODUCTION The tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans span over twothirds of the global tropical oceans.A major warm pool with the highest large-scale sea surface temperature of the global oceans is located in the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans.The climate systems over the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are subject to strong ocean-atmosphere coupling at multiple scales from intraseasonal to interannual,and to centennial.The
文摘Sustainable Development Goal(SDG 4)lays solid theoretical foundation for the development of higher teacher education in improving the quality of teaching faculty nationwide.Sustainable teacher training paves a way for teacher professional development in the long run.China’s“National Teacher Training Program”serves a connection between higher teacher education and K-12 teachers in multiple perspectives when exploring K-12 teachers’improvement of the essence by upgrading the initiative of the program with the assistance of educational technology and modern educational philosophy from mutual creation to mutual benefit.Direction orientation strategic design based on demand for teaching faculty,curriculum setting in modules,and characteristics creation have been carried out to upgrade the training of teacher colleges and National Teacher Training Program in the future for achieving a win-win situation between higher teacher education and K-12 education.
基金National Special Project Funds(Grant No.2012ZX09302,2013ZX09302)
文摘Good laboratory practice（GLP） plays an important role in pre-clinical studies, which are a key stage in new drug research and development（R＆D）. The development of GLP in China started in the late 1990 s. Following 20 years of developments, GLP system has already been established in this country. This review firstly evaluated all the institutions in this field, and described the annual number and total number of institutions, the distribution of GLP institutions, the types of GLP institutions, and the service provided by these GLP institutions. Since the initiation of the National Key Technology R＆D Program during the 11 th Five-Year Plan, it had a significant effect on the development of GLP. Therefore, the institutions which have undertaken projects from this program will be introduced later. We also described the infrastructure of hardware and software in GLP institutions along with their faults, such as variation in development and the lack of innovation.
文摘International Journal of Oral Science(CN:51-1707/R,ISSN:1674-2818)was founded in 2009,sponsored by West China School of Stomatology(WCSS),Sichuan University.WCSS(Huaxi)is renowned as the birthplace of China’s modern dental education and owns the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology,as well as other 5 national research institutes.WCSS has been rated the first place for last 20 years in the National Discipline Assessment by the Ministry of Education of China.
基金the High Technology Research and Development Progam of China.
文摘Manpower is the key factor to the success of the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program. Many manpower strategies have been used in the CIMS Subject, which include elite strategies, training and practicing strategies, and culture strategies. This paper is mainly about the elite strategies such as to discover the talents, to cultivate the elites and to establish the mechanism for the expert groups to work in team, echelon and vigor.
文摘In the Acknowledgements section of this article,the grant number"2020YFE0205900"relating to"National Key R&D Program of China"was missing,it has been included and the corrected Acknowledgements section is given below.
文摘THE continental dynamics has become a goaI since the beginning of the 1990s and it will still bethe key subject in the 21st century. Orogenic belts, having experienced the most intensechanges of geotherm and mechanics in the lithosphere, are the important research object in thestudy of continental dynamics. For this reason, the study of orogenic belts forms a hot and dif-ficult point in the geological society and the concentration of efforts is needed for overcomingthis difficult point. China has the most orogenic belts of various types in the world, so the De-partment of Earth Sciences caught this scientific chance in the early 1990s, took the
文摘I. Introduction 1. The children of today will run the families of the 21st century. Their survival, protection and development decide, for the most part, the quality of a people and lay the foundation of human progress as a whole. The 1990 World Summit for Children endorsed the "World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children" and the "Plan of Action for Implementing the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children in the 1990s," (hereinafter referred to as "Declaration" and "Plan of Action" for short), In March 1991, Premier Li Peng signed the two documents on behalf of the Chinese Government, making a solemn commitment to this major undertaking. 2. The wholesome development of children has a bearing upon the future of China. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese Government have always paid close attention to the survival,
基金Supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China(973 Program)of China(Grant No.2009CB119200)
文摘Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotype B,called a "superbug",is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide.In this report,the invasive mechanism and management of B.tabaci biotype B,based on our 5-year studies,are presented.Six B.tabaci biotypes,B,Q,ZHJ1,ZHJ2,ZHJ3 and FJ1,have been identified in China.Biotype B dominates the other biotypes in many regions of the country.Genetic diversity in biotype B might be induced by host plant,geographical conditions,and/or insecticidal application.The activities of CarE(carboxylesterase) and GSTs(glutathione-S-transferase) in biotype B reared on cucumber and squash were greater than on other host plants,which might have increased its resistance to insecticides.The higher activities of detoxification enzymes in biotype B might be induced by the secondary metabolites in host plants.Higher adaptive ability of biotype B adults to adverse conditions might be linked to the expression of heat shock protein genes.The indigenous B.tabaci biotypes were displaced by the biotype B within 225 d.The asymmetric mating interactions and mutualism between biotype B and begomoviruses via its host plants speed up widespread invasion and displacement of other biotypes.B.tabaci biotype B displaced Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood) after 4-7 generations under glasshouse conditions.Greater adaptive ability of the biotype B to adverse conditions and its rapid population increase might be the reasons of its successful displacement of T.vaporariorum.Greater ability of the biotype B to switch to different host plants may enrich its host plants,which might enable it to better compete with T.vaporariorum.Native predatory natural enemies possess greater ability to suppress B.tabaci under field conditions.The kairomones in the 3rd and 4th instars of biotype B may provide an important stimulus in host searching and location by its parasitoids.The present results provide useful information in explaining the mechanisms of genetic diversity,evolution and molecular eco-adaptation of biotype B.Furthermore,it provides a base for sustainable management of B.tabaci using biological and ecological measures.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2010CB530400the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30930111
文摘To date, it remains poorly understood whether astrocytes can be easily reprogrammed into neurons. Mashl and Brn2 have been previously shown to cooperate to reprogram fibroblasts into neurons. In this study, we examined astrocytes from 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and found that Brn2 was expressed, but Mashl was not detectable. Thus, we hypothesized that Mashl alone could be used to reprogram astrocytes into neurons. We transfected a recombinant MSCV-MASH1 plasmid into astrocytes for 72 hours, and saw that all cells expressed Mashl. One week later, we observed the changes in morphology of astrocytes, which showed typical neuro- nal characteristics. Moreover, β-tubulin expression levels were significantly higher in astrocytes expressing Mashl than in control cells. These results indicate that Mashl alone can reprogram astrocytes into neurons.
文摘International Journal of Oral Science(CN:51-1707/R,ISSN:1674-2818)was founded in 2009,sponsored by West China School of Stomatology(WCSS),Sichuan University.WCSS(Huaxi)is renowned as the birthplace of China’s modern dental education and owns the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology,as well as other 5 national research institutes.WCSS has been rated the first place for last 20 years in the National Discipline Assessment by the Ministry of Education of China.
