Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturiza...Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturization,achieving precise regionally selective doping becomes critical for building complex,highly integrated devices[2].In inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,silicon),sub-100-nanometer regional doping is achievable through photolithography and ion implantation—techniques foundational to modern complementary metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology[3].展开更多
Objectives:Novel drug delivery systems have been designed to enhance local drug concentrations while reducing side effects conducive to improved breast cancer treatment outcomes.This study aimed to identify the anti-c...Objectives:Novel drug delivery systems have been designed to enhance local drug concentrations while reducing side effects conducive to improved breast cancer treatment outcomes.This study aimed to identify the anti-cancer function of zeolite imidazole ester-based material loaded with camptothecin nanoparticles.Methods:We utilized a zeolitic imidazolate backbone material to fabricate 9-hydroxycamptothecin nanoparticles and investigated their impact on breast cancer cell proliferation.Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed changes in the carrier skeleton of the loaded 9-hydroxyl camptothecin,characterized by a reduction in surface smoothness,accompanied by slight collapses and folds on the particle surface.Notably,we detected vibration of the benzene ring in the 9-hydroxycamptothecin structure within the nanoparticles.Cell proliferation was tested by CCK-8.Protein expression was measured byWestern blot.The efficacy of nanoparticles was evaluated by animal experiments.Results:In this study,we utilized a zeolitic imidazolate backbone material to fabricate 9-hydroxycamptothecin(9-HCPT)nanoparticles and investigated their impact on breast cancer cell proliferation.Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed changes in the carrier skeleton of the loaded 9-hydroxyl camptothecin,characterized by a reduction in surface smoothness,accompanied by slight collapses and folds on the particle surface.Notably,we detected vibration of the benzene ring in the 9-HCPT structure within the nanoparticles.Using the CCK-8 method,we evaluated the inhibitory effect of these nanoparticles on breast cancer cells and observed a significant reduction in the cytotoxicity of camptothecin(CPT)when incorporated into the zeolite imidazole ester skeleton material.Immunoblot analysis showed upregulation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS),stimulator of interferon genes(STING),andNF-κB-p65 in response to the nanoparticles.These results showed that our nanoparticles might be a useful drug delivery strategy to overcome breast cancer drug resistance.Conclusion:Thefindings of this study suggest that nanoparticles loaded with CPT and formed fromzeolite imidazole ester backbone material possess immune-enhancing properties that could suppress breast cancer progression.Accordingly,these nanoparticles hold promise as potential lead compounds for combined immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment.展开更多
In the corrosive environment of carbonaceous mudstone,the mechanical properties of grouting materials in the anchorage section of anchor bolts continue to deteriorate.In response,a cement-based modified anchoring grou...In the corrosive environment of carbonaceous mudstone,the mechanical properties of grouting materials in the anchorage section of anchor bolts continue to deteriorate.In response,a cement-based modified anchoring grouting material(MAGM)with high corrosion resistance was developed.The results reveal that compared with those of ordinary Portland cement(OPC)grouting material,the compressive strength,tensile strength,and shear stress peak of the MAGM increased by 85.9%,44.4%and 45.4%,respectively,after 28 d of corrosion in a carbonaceous mudstone solution.Waterborne epoxy resin and curing agent create a network membrane structure under the action of nano-Al_(2)O_(3)to protect the cement hydration products.In the corrosive environment of carbonaceous mudstone,corrosion products formed on the surface of the stone body have adsorbed onto the reticular membrane structure,filling the pores of the stone body and slowing the erosion rate of ions.After 365 d of application of MAGM and OPC in the corrosive environment of a carbonaceous mudstone slope,the peak shear stress of MAGM is,on average,55.3%greater than that of OPC.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:123 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01654-y Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that Dr.Mohamed Bououdina’s affiliation needed to be corre...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:123 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01654-y Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that Dr.Mohamed Bououdina’s affiliation needed to be corrected from 1 to 2.The correct author affiliation has been provided in this Correction and the original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
Editors-in-Chief Zhong Lin Wang,Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosys-tems,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Nanometer Institute of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China Liqun Zhang,South China Universit...Editors-in-Chief Zhong Lin Wang,Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosys-tems,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Nanometer Institute of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China Liqun Zhang,South China University of Technology,China。展开更多
High-performance, large-area optical gratings for applications like chirped pulse amplification, gravitational wave astronomy, and X-ray optics require sub-nanometer line placement control over several cm^(2). Electro...High-performance, large-area optical gratings for applications like chirped pulse amplification, gravitational wave astronomy, and X-ray optics require sub-nanometer line placement control over several cm^(2). Electron beam lithography with a variable shaped beam(VSB) is well suited but limited by tool-dependent address grid discretization. We adapted address grid interpolation to the VSB method, reducing the effective placement grid to 25 pm, as confirmed by stray light measurements.展开更多
Preparation of In2O3 nano-scale powders by ultrasonic and homogeneous precipitation, using metal In and urea as raw materials, was reported for the first time, while the effects of reaction temperature, the ratio of t...Preparation of In2O3 nano-scale powders by ultrasonic and homogeneous precipitation, using metal In and urea as raw materials, was reported for the first time, while the effects of reaction temperature, the ratio of the materials and the pH etc. on the preparation was dicussed. This method can be operated and industrialized easily with very low cost. The structural properties of precursor and In2O3 were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, ESCA and TEM. The results show that In2O3 produced are very pure, monophase and spherical nano-scale powders with average size of 25 nm.展开更多
In 1823,Thomas Seebeck first discovered the thermoelectric effect.A temperature difference across any electric conductor junction will generate a corresponding voltage difference.Probably the most familiar use of this...In 1823,Thomas Seebeck first discovered the thermoelectric effect.A temperature difference across any electric conductor junction will generate a corresponding voltage difference.Probably the most familiar use of this so called Seebeck effect is thermocouple.When an electric current passing through junction which is composed of two dissimilar conductors results in the absorption or release of the heat,this is the Peltier effect.This effect makes thermoelectric refrigerator or heating devices possible.Moreover a power generator can be also invented from the application of thermoelectric materials.Thermoelectric materials are those which possess high thermoelectric figure of merit.The major problem for thermoelectric materials is poor efficiency.They are now used only in the fields in which cost is not a big problem such as space and some other instruments.Thermoelectric materials are not widely used nowadays.展开更多
A series of photocatalysts of un-doped, single-doped and co-doped nanometer titanium diox- ide （TiO2） have been successfully prepared by template method using Fe（NO3）3.9H2O, La（NO3）3.6H2O, and tetrabutyl titanat...A series of photocatalysts of un-doped, single-doped and co-doped nanometer titanium diox- ide （TiO2） have been successfully prepared by template method using Fe（NO3）3.9H2O, La（NO3）3.6H2O, and tetrabutyl titanate as precursors and glucan as template. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement were employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure and surface structure of the samples. The photo-absorbance of the obtained catalysts was measured by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl orange in an aqueous solution. The characterizations indicated that the prepared photocatalysts consisted of anatase phase and possessed high surface area of ca. 163-176 m2/g. It was shown that the Fe and La co-doped nano-TiO2 could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo-oxidation reactions. The synergistic effect of Fe and La co-doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of co-doped nano-TiO2 was also confirmed, the photocatalytic activity of codoped nano-TiO2 remained above 89.6% of the fresh sample after being used four times.展开更多
A cost-effective carbon-free nanocoating strategy was developed for the synthesis of ultra-fine SnO2 coatingα-Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles. This strategy only involves a two-step molten salt reaction at low tempera...A cost-effective carbon-free nanocoating strategy was developed for the synthesis of ultra-fine SnO2 coatingα-Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles. This strategy only involves a two-step molten salt reaction at low temperature of 300 °C. The as-preparedα-Fe2O3@SnO2 core-shell nanocomposites show enhanced electrochemical performances than the bareα-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. This involved metal oxide nanocoating method is easy to be carried out, and the heat treatment temperature is much lower than that of other traditional solid-state annealing method and many carbon or metal oxide nanocoating methods. The molten salt method may also be used to produce other metal oxides coating nanostructures as the electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Nanometer TiO 2 powders were obtained from TiOSO 4 and studied by XRD, TEM and BET. The result indicated that pH and heat treatment temperature have great effects on their grain size and crystal phase structu...Nanometer TiO 2 powders were obtained from TiOSO 4 and studied by XRD, TEM and BET. The result indicated that pH and heat treatment temperature have great effects on their grain size and crystal phase structure. Annealed at 500 ℃, nanometer TiO 2 with a specific surface area of 101.39 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 10 nm were obtained(pH=5); and with a specific surface area of 95.48 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 30 nm were obtained(pH=10). The research indicated that crystal phase transformation of rutile at 750 ℃made great promotion in grain size growth.展开更多
In the electric field and layer-to-layer interaction energy, the law of split-level of high-level Stark effect of spherical nanometer system is explored as well as the frequency of spectrum, intensity and size effect ...In the electric field and layer-to-layer interaction energy, the law of split-level of high-level Stark effect of spherical nanometer system is explored as well as the frequency of spectrum, intensity and size effect of coefficient of spontaneous radiation. Taking three layers CdS/HgS spherical nanometer system as an example, the influence of the electric field and layer-to- layer interaction energy is explored on Stark effect and spectrum. The results show that in the Stark effect system, the energy level is split based on 1, 3, ..., （2n-1）, when it is in the electric field only, similar to the hydrogen atoms; and in the electric field and layer-to-layer interaction, it is split based on 1, 4, ~ -., n2; with the quantum transition, the frequency of the spectrum decreases with the increasing size of the system; apart from a few spectral lines, the intensity of most spectral lines will decreased as the size increases; while the coefficient of spontaneous radiation will increase with the increasing size; the electric field will cause the changes of spectrum frequency; its spectrum frequency shift is proportional to the square of the electric field intensity; apart from a few spectral lines, the frequency shift of spectral lines that is caused by the electric field and layer-to-layer interaction will decrease as the size increases; the interaction will make the level of electronic energy level lower slightly （the order of magnitude is between 10-7-10-9 eV）, the slightly increased spectrum intensity and the slightly increased value of coefficient of spontaneous radiation, but it will not influence the frequency of spectrum, intensity, and the trend that coefficient of spontaneous radiation changes with the size; when the size is smaller, the layer-to-layer interaction effect will be significant.展开更多
High-frequency seismic attenuation is conventionally attributed to anelastic absorption. In this paper, I present three studies on high-frequency seismic attenuation and propose that the physical mechanism results fro...High-frequency seismic attenuation is conventionally attributed to anelastic absorption. In this paper, I present three studies on high-frequency seismic attenuation and propose that the physical mechanism results from the interference of elastic microscopic multiple scattering waves. First, I propose a new theory on wave propagation in a two-phase medium which is based on the concept that the basic unit for wave propagation is a nano- mass point. As a result of the elasticity variations of pore fluid and rock framework, micro multiple scattering waves would emerge at the wavelength of the seismic waves passing through the two-phase medium and their interference and overlap would generate high- frequency seismic attenuation. Second, I present a study of the frequency response of seismic transmitted waves by modeling thin-layers with thicknesses no larger than pore diameters. Results indicate that high-frequency seismic waves attenuate slightly in a near-surface water zone but decay significantly in a near-surface gas zone. Third, I analyze the seismic attenuation characteristics in near-surface water and gas zones using dual-well shots in the Songliao Basin, and demonstrate that the high-frequency seismic waves attenuate slightly in water zones but in gas zones the 160-1600 Hz propagating waves decay significantly. The seismic attenuation characteristics from field observations coincide with the modeling results. Conclusions drawn from these studies theoretically support seismic attenuation recovery.展开更多
文摘Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturization,achieving precise regionally selective doping becomes critical for building complex,highly integrated devices[2].In inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,silicon),sub-100-nanometer regional doping is achievable through photolithography and ion implantation—techniques foundational to modern complementary metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology[3].
基金supported by grants from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023B1515130009)the Science and Technology Bureau of Foshan(No.FS0AA-KJ819-4901-0082).
文摘Objectives:Novel drug delivery systems have been designed to enhance local drug concentrations while reducing side effects conducive to improved breast cancer treatment outcomes.This study aimed to identify the anti-cancer function of zeolite imidazole ester-based material loaded with camptothecin nanoparticles.Methods:We utilized a zeolitic imidazolate backbone material to fabricate 9-hydroxycamptothecin nanoparticles and investigated their impact on breast cancer cell proliferation.Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed changes in the carrier skeleton of the loaded 9-hydroxyl camptothecin,characterized by a reduction in surface smoothness,accompanied by slight collapses and folds on the particle surface.Notably,we detected vibration of the benzene ring in the 9-hydroxycamptothecin structure within the nanoparticles.Cell proliferation was tested by CCK-8.Protein expression was measured byWestern blot.The efficacy of nanoparticles was evaluated by animal experiments.Results:In this study,we utilized a zeolitic imidazolate backbone material to fabricate 9-hydroxycamptothecin(9-HCPT)nanoparticles and investigated their impact on breast cancer cell proliferation.Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed changes in the carrier skeleton of the loaded 9-hydroxyl camptothecin,characterized by a reduction in surface smoothness,accompanied by slight collapses and folds on the particle surface.Notably,we detected vibration of the benzene ring in the 9-HCPT structure within the nanoparticles.Using the CCK-8 method,we evaluated the inhibitory effect of these nanoparticles on breast cancer cells and observed a significant reduction in the cytotoxicity of camptothecin(CPT)when incorporated into the zeolite imidazole ester skeleton material.Immunoblot analysis showed upregulation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS),stimulator of interferon genes(STING),andNF-κB-p65 in response to the nanoparticles.These results showed that our nanoparticles might be a useful drug delivery strategy to overcome breast cancer drug resistance.Conclusion:Thefindings of this study suggest that nanoparticles loaded with CPT and formed fromzeolite imidazole ester backbone material possess immune-enhancing properties that could suppress breast cancer progression.Accordingly,these nanoparticles hold promise as potential lead compounds for combined immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment.
基金Projects(52278439,51838001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023RC3138)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Plan Project of Hunan Province,China+2 种基金Project(21B0317)supported by the Natural Science Youth Project of Education Department of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2022JJ40500)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(21KB13)supported by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Safety Control of Bridge Engineering,Ministry of Education(Changsha University of Science&Technology),China。
文摘In the corrosive environment of carbonaceous mudstone,the mechanical properties of grouting materials in the anchorage section of anchor bolts continue to deteriorate.In response,a cement-based modified anchoring grouting material(MAGM)with high corrosion resistance was developed.The results reveal that compared with those of ordinary Portland cement(OPC)grouting material,the compressive strength,tensile strength,and shear stress peak of the MAGM increased by 85.9%,44.4%and 45.4%,respectively,after 28 d of corrosion in a carbonaceous mudstone solution.Waterborne epoxy resin and curing agent create a network membrane structure under the action of nano-Al_(2)O_(3)to protect the cement hydration products.In the corrosive environment of carbonaceous mudstone,corrosion products formed on the surface of the stone body have adsorbed onto the reticular membrane structure,filling the pores of the stone body and slowing the erosion rate of ions.After 365 d of application of MAGM and OPC in the corrosive environment of a carbonaceous mudstone slope,the peak shear stress of MAGM is,on average,55.3%greater than that of OPC.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:123 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01654-y Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that Dr.Mohamed Bououdina’s affiliation needed to be corrected from 1 to 2.The correct author affiliation has been provided in this Correction and the original article[1]has been corrected.
文摘Editors-in-Chief Zhong Lin Wang,Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosys-tems,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Nanometer Institute of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China Liqun Zhang,South China University of Technology,China。
基金Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung(03Z1H534, 13N16028)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(448663633, 455425131)。
文摘High-performance, large-area optical gratings for applications like chirped pulse amplification, gravitational wave astronomy, and X-ray optics require sub-nanometer line placement control over several cm^(2). Electron beam lithography with a variable shaped beam(VSB) is well suited but limited by tool-dependent address grid discretization. We adapted address grid interpolation to the VSB method, reducing the effective placement grid to 25 pm, as confirmed by stray light measurements.
文摘Preparation of In2O3 nano-scale powders by ultrasonic and homogeneous precipitation, using metal In and urea as raw materials, was reported for the first time, while the effects of reaction temperature, the ratio of the materials and the pH etc. on the preparation was dicussed. This method can be operated and industrialized easily with very low cost. The structural properties of precursor and In2O3 were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, ESCA and TEM. The results show that In2O3 produced are very pure, monophase and spherical nano-scale powders with average size of 25 nm.
文摘In 1823,Thomas Seebeck first discovered the thermoelectric effect.A temperature difference across any electric conductor junction will generate a corresponding voltage difference.Probably the most familiar use of this so called Seebeck effect is thermocouple.When an electric current passing through junction which is composed of two dissimilar conductors results in the absorption or release of the heat,this is the Peltier effect.This effect makes thermoelectric refrigerator or heating devices possible.Moreover a power generator can be also invented from the application of thermoelectric materials.Thermoelectric materials are those which possess high thermoelectric figure of merit.The major problem for thermoelectric materials is poor efficiency.They are now used only in the fields in which cost is not a big problem such as space and some other instruments.Thermoelectric materials are not widely used nowadays.
文摘A series of photocatalysts of un-doped, single-doped and co-doped nanometer titanium diox- ide （TiO2） have been successfully prepared by template method using Fe（NO3）3.9H2O, La（NO3）3.6H2O, and tetrabutyl titanate as precursors and glucan as template. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement were employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure and surface structure of the samples. The photo-absorbance of the obtained catalysts was measured by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl orange in an aqueous solution. The characterizations indicated that the prepared photocatalysts consisted of anatase phase and possessed high surface area of ca. 163-176 m2/g. It was shown that the Fe and La co-doped nano-TiO2 could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo-oxidation reactions. The synergistic effect of Fe and La co-doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of co-doped nano-TiO2 was also confirmed, the photocatalytic activity of codoped nano-TiO2 remained above 89.6% of the fresh sample after being used four times.
基金Projects(51202297,81372464,51472271)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-12-0554)supported by the New Century Excellent Talents in UniversityProject(2013CB932901)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘A cost-effective carbon-free nanocoating strategy was developed for the synthesis of ultra-fine SnO2 coatingα-Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles. This strategy only involves a two-step molten salt reaction at low temperature of 300 °C. The as-preparedα-Fe2O3@SnO2 core-shell nanocomposites show enhanced electrochemical performances than the bareα-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. This involved metal oxide nanocoating method is easy to be carried out, and the heat treatment temperature is much lower than that of other traditional solid-state annealing method and many carbon or metal oxide nanocoating methods. The molten salt method may also be used to produce other metal oxides coating nanostructures as the electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
文摘Nanometer TiO 2 powders were obtained from TiOSO 4 and studied by XRD, TEM and BET. The result indicated that pH and heat treatment temperature have great effects on their grain size and crystal phase structure. Annealed at 500 ℃, nanometer TiO 2 with a specific surface area of 101.39 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 10 nm were obtained(pH=5); and with a specific surface area of 95.48 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 30 nm were obtained(pH=10). The research indicated that crystal phase transformation of rutile at 750 ℃made great promotion in grain size growth.
文摘In the electric field and layer-to-layer interaction energy, the law of split-level of high-level Stark effect of spherical nanometer system is explored as well as the frequency of spectrum, intensity and size effect of coefficient of spontaneous radiation. Taking three layers CdS/HgS spherical nanometer system as an example, the influence of the electric field and layer-to- layer interaction energy is explored on Stark effect and spectrum. The results show that in the Stark effect system, the energy level is split based on 1, 3, ..., （2n-1）, when it is in the electric field only, similar to the hydrogen atoms; and in the electric field and layer-to-layer interaction, it is split based on 1, 4, ~ -., n2; with the quantum transition, the frequency of the spectrum decreases with the increasing size of the system; apart from a few spectral lines, the intensity of most spectral lines will decreased as the size increases; while the coefficient of spontaneous radiation will increase with the increasing size; the electric field will cause the changes of spectrum frequency; its spectrum frequency shift is proportional to the square of the electric field intensity; apart from a few spectral lines, the frequency shift of spectral lines that is caused by the electric field and layer-to-layer interaction will decrease as the size increases; the interaction will make the level of electronic energy level lower slightly （the order of magnitude is between 10-7-10-9 eV）, the slightly increased spectrum intensity and the slightly increased value of coefficient of spontaneous radiation, but it will not influence the frequency of spectrum, intensity, and the trend that coefficient of spontaneous radiation changes with the size; when the size is smaller, the layer-to-layer interaction effect will be significant.
文摘High-frequency seismic attenuation is conventionally attributed to anelastic absorption. In this paper, I present three studies on high-frequency seismic attenuation and propose that the physical mechanism results from the interference of elastic microscopic multiple scattering waves. First, I propose a new theory on wave propagation in a two-phase medium which is based on the concept that the basic unit for wave propagation is a nano- mass point. As a result of the elasticity variations of pore fluid and rock framework, micro multiple scattering waves would emerge at the wavelength of the seismic waves passing through the two-phase medium and their interference and overlap would generate high- frequency seismic attenuation. Second, I present a study of the frequency response of seismic transmitted waves by modeling thin-layers with thicknesses no larger than pore diameters. Results indicate that high-frequency seismic waves attenuate slightly in a near-surface water zone but decay significantly in a near-surface gas zone. Third, I analyze the seismic attenuation characteristics in near-surface water and gas zones using dual-well shots in the Songliao Basin, and demonstrate that the high-frequency seismic waves attenuate slightly in water zones but in gas zones the 160-1600 Hz propagating waves decay significantly. The seismic attenuation characteristics from field observations coincide with the modeling results. Conclusions drawn from these studies theoretically support seismic attenuation recovery.
