Compared with conventional fertilizers,nano fertilizer has many advantages such as controlled release,controlled or slow release of nutrients,high efficiency of nutrition use,cheap,and little polluting of the environm...Compared with conventional fertilizers,nano fertilizer has many advantages such as controlled release,controlled or slow release of nutrients,high efficiency of nutrition use,cheap,and little polluting of the environment.The use of fertilizers with nanotechnology is a new field in agriculture,and it is a promising and cost-effective substitute for conventional fertilizers to improve the productivity of the world’s food supply.Photosynthesis is an essential biochemical reaction on Earth.Improving photosynthesis,the basic process for light’s transformation into chemical energy is one of the most important areas of research for improving agricultural output and tackling world food security.Nano fertilizers can promote plant photosynthesis,improve crop photosynthetic efficiency,increase plant biomass,improve plant stress resistance,improve nutrient uptake efficiency,and encourage plant growth and development due to their tunable surface properties,special electronic,magnetic,and optical properties,and other characteristics.It can be seen that nano fertilizers and improving photosynthetic efficiency in plants are a hot topic of concern.Therefore,an overview of the effects of nano fertilizers on plant photosynthesis is given in this paper.These effects include the ability to increase biomass,pigment and gas openness,photosynthetic efficiency,and plant resistance to stress.On the other hand,improper use of nano fertilizers can have the opposite effect,inhibiting plant photosynthesis.展开更多
Excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture in order to increase yields has proved unnecessary because a large part of them remain unused and have negative effects on the environment and human health. T...Excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture in order to increase yields has proved unnecessary because a large part of them remain unused and have negative effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, it is a great challenge for farmers to replace the application of pesticides and fertilizers with nanopesticides and nanofertilizers, with the aim of reducing the use of mineral fertilizers and increasing yields, as well as supporting agricultural development. This review provides a detailed overview of the classification of pesticides, commonly used nanoparticles in agriculture and their function, as well as impact of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers on the environment. The application of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers and new delivery mechanisms to improve crop productivity are reviewed and described. Particularly, the advantage of the nanoencapsulation process is emphasized for both pesticides and fertilizers. For hydrophobic pesticides, it may be a tool to provide greater stability, dispersion in aqueous media, and allowing a controlled release of the active compound, which increases its effectiveness. In nanofertilizers, micro- or macronutrients can be encapsulated by nanomaterials which allow to release of nutrients into the soil gradually and in a controlled way maintaining soil fertility, thus preventing eutrophication and pollution of water resources. Risks assessment of application of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers in agriculture are required for their correct and safe application.展开更多
Nanotechnology offers promising perspectives for revolutionizing agriculture by enhancing productivity and sustainability.Although the global agricultural nanotechnology market was valued at US$352.4 billion in 2023 a...Nanotechnology offers promising perspectives for revolutionizing agriculture by enhancing productivity and sustainability.Although the global agricultural nanotechnology market was valued at US$352.4 billion in 2023 and is estimated to reach US$868.9 billion by 2031,concerns about adverse environmental effects persist.This review summarizes the latest developments and perspectives of nanotechnology applied to agriculture,highlighting both advancements and potential impacts on soil ecosystems.However,concerns regarding regulatory measures,economic viability,and scalability hinder its widespread adoption.Collaboration among stakeholders is crucial to establishing effective frameworks for the safe and responsible application of nanotechnology in agriculture.Despite these concerns,nanotechnology holds great promise for addressing emerging challenges in agriculture and advancing toward more sustainable and efficient practices.展开更多
The advent of civilization has made humans dependent on plants for food and medicine,leading to the intensification of agricultural production.The intense cultivation of crops has resulted in the depletion of availabl...The advent of civilization has made humans dependent on plants for food and medicine,leading to the intensification of agricultural production.The intense cultivation of crops has resulted in the depletion of available nutrients from soil,thereby demanding the application of excess nutrients to soil to improve yield.Thus,mineral fertilizer discovery and application have,in many ways,contributed greatly to meeting global food demands.However,aside from the positive effects of mineral fertilizers,their excessive application to soil produces large amounts of pollutants that affect environmental sustainability.This necessitates the study of the major mineral fertilizer elements(nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)),the forms in which they are applied to soil,and their chemistry/reactions in soil.Here,we reviewed the forms of different N,P,and K mineral fertilizers to provide current knowledge on their constituents,the chemistry of N,P,and K in soil to understand the reactions they undertake in soil,the efficient methods of fertilizer application for environmental sustainability,the effects of mineral fertilizer loss to the environment,and improved fertilization technologies for environmental sustainability.Nanofertilizers are a promising technology for sustainable agricultural production and are discussed in detail in this review.展开更多
Nanofertilizers increase efficiency and sustainability of agricultural crop production.Due to their nanosize properties,they have been shown to increase productivity through target delivery or slow release of nutrient...Nanofertilizers increase efficiency and sustainability of agricultural crop production.Due to their nanosize properties,they have been shown to increase productivity through target delivery or slow release of nutrients,thereby limiting the rate of fertilizer application required.Nanofertilizers can be synthesized via different approaches ranging from physical and chemical to green(biological)synthesis.The green approach is preferable because it makes use of less chemicals,thereby producing less chemical contamination and it is safer in comparison to physicochemical approaches.Hence,discussion on the use of green synthesized nanoparticles as nanofertilizers is pertinent for a sustainable approach in agriculture.This review discusses recent developments and applications of biologically synthesized metallic nanoparticles that can also be used as nanofertilizers,as well as their uptake mechanisms for plant growth.Toxicity concerns of nanoparticle applications in agriculture are also discussed.展开更多
Since the last decades,nanotechnology has gained the attention of researchers in the field of plant sciences.The characteristics of nanoparticles are reliant on their shape and size.Formulations involving noble metall...Since the last decades,nanotechnology has gained the attention of researchers in the field of plant sciences.The characteristics of nanoparticles are reliant on their shape and size.Formulations involving noble metallic nanoparticles(NMNPs)offer novel technologies to boost agricultural productivity and minimize conventional pesticide use.The application of nanoparticles as nanofertilizer improves plant growth and enhances nutrient uptake efficiency.Noble metallic nanoparticles act as antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens and provide protection to plants.Nanobiosensors and nanodevices are utilized in diverse agro-based areas such as plant disease diagnosis and nanoparticle-based material delivery.Several studies have focused on negative impacts such as toxicity and environmental threats posed by NMNPs.Understanding the effects of NMNPs on agriculture is critical for the assessment of their safety and the impending environmental risks to biodiversity and human health.Here,we summarize the advances of NMNPs towards revolutionizing modern agricultural applications and the recent trends in sustainable precision agriculture.展开更多
Micronutrient nanoparticles(NPs)are currently an option for chemical fertilization and biostimulation in crops.However,there is little information on the phytotoxic or biostimulatory effects of NPs at low concentratio...Micronutrient nanoparticles(NPs)are currently an option for chemical fertilization and biostimulation in crops.However,there is little information on the phytotoxic or biostimulatory effects of NPs at low concentrations of some elements,such as Zn.In this study,the effect of low concentrations of Zn oxide(ZnO)NPs on germination,growth variables,and nutritional attributes of lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)was evaluated in comparison to Zn sulfate.Romaine lettuce seeds were treated with ZnSO_(4)^(-)×7H_(2)O and ZnO NPs at Zn molar concentrations of 1×10^(−3),5×10^(−3),1×10^(−4),5×10^(−4),1×10^(−5),5×10^(−5),1×10^(−6),and 5×10^(−6).The seeds treated with ZnSO4−at 5×10^(−6)registered the highest radicle length,73%more than the control treatment.The seeds treated with ZnSO4−at 5×10^(−3)registered the lowest values,with 50%less than the control treatment.ZnO NPs at 5×10^(−6)significantly increased content of chlorophyll A and B and total phenolics.These results indicate the possible existence of a mechanism related to the intrinsic nanoparticle properties,especially at low concentrations.展开更多
Nanotechnology-enabled fertilizers and pesticides,especially those capable of releasing plant nutrients or pesticide active ingredients(AIs)in a controlled manner,can effectively enhance crop nutrition and protection ...Nanotechnology-enabled fertilizers and pesticides,especially those capable of releasing plant nutrients or pesticide active ingredients(AIs)in a controlled manner,can effectively enhance crop nutrition and protection while minimizing the environmental impacts of agricultural activities.Herein,we review the fundamentals and recent advances in nanofertilizers and nanopesticides with controlled-release properties,enabled by nanocarriers responsive to environmental and biological stimuli,including pH change,temperature,light,redox conditions,and the presence of enzymes.For pH-responsive nanocarriers,pH change can induce structural changes or degradation of the nanocarriers or cleave the bonding between nutrients/pesticide AIs and the nanocarriers.Similarly,temperature response typically involves structural changes in nanocarriers,and higher temperatures can accelerate the release by diffusion promoting or bond breaking.Photothermal materials enable responses to infrared light,and photolabile moieties(e.g.,o-nitrobenzyl and azobenzene)are required for achieving ultraviolet light responses.Redox-responsive nanocarriers contain disulfide bonds or ferric iron,whereas enzyme-responsive nanocarriers typically contain the enzyme’s substrate as a building block.For fabricating nanofertilizers,pHresponsive nanocarriers have been well explored,but only a few studies have reported temperature-and enzyme-responsive nanocarriers.In comparison,there have been more reports on nanopesticides,which are responsive to a range of stimuli,including many with dual-or triple-responsiveness.Nano-enabled controlledrelease fertilizers and pesticides show tremendous potential for enhancing the utilization efficiency of nutrients and pesticide AIs.However,to expand their practical applications,future research should focus on optimizing their performance under realistic conditions,lowering costs,and addressing regulatory and public concerns over environmental and safety risks.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0801300,2017YFD0801103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001014).
文摘Compared with conventional fertilizers,nano fertilizer has many advantages such as controlled release,controlled or slow release of nutrients,high efficiency of nutrition use,cheap,and little polluting of the environment.The use of fertilizers with nanotechnology is a new field in agriculture,and it is a promising and cost-effective substitute for conventional fertilizers to improve the productivity of the world’s food supply.Photosynthesis is an essential biochemical reaction on Earth.Improving photosynthesis,the basic process for light’s transformation into chemical energy is one of the most important areas of research for improving agricultural output and tackling world food security.Nano fertilizers can promote plant photosynthesis,improve crop photosynthetic efficiency,increase plant biomass,improve plant stress resistance,improve nutrient uptake efficiency,and encourage plant growth and development due to their tunable surface properties,special electronic,magnetic,and optical properties,and other characteristics.It can be seen that nano fertilizers and improving photosynthetic efficiency in plants are a hot topic of concern.Therefore,an overview of the effects of nano fertilizers on plant photosynthesis is given in this paper.These effects include the ability to increase biomass,pigment and gas openness,photosynthetic efficiency,and plant resistance to stress.On the other hand,improper use of nano fertilizers can have the opposite effect,inhibiting plant photosynthesis.
文摘Excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture in order to increase yields has proved unnecessary because a large part of them remain unused and have negative effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, it is a great challenge for farmers to replace the application of pesticides and fertilizers with nanopesticides and nanofertilizers, with the aim of reducing the use of mineral fertilizers and increasing yields, as well as supporting agricultural development. This review provides a detailed overview of the classification of pesticides, commonly used nanoparticles in agriculture and their function, as well as impact of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers on the environment. The application of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers and new delivery mechanisms to improve crop productivity are reviewed and described. Particularly, the advantage of the nanoencapsulation process is emphasized for both pesticides and fertilizers. For hydrophobic pesticides, it may be a tool to provide greater stability, dispersion in aqueous media, and allowing a controlled release of the active compound, which increases its effectiveness. In nanofertilizers, micro- or macronutrients can be encapsulated by nanomaterials which allow to release of nutrients into the soil gradually and in a controlled way maintaining soil fertility, thus preventing eutrophication and pollution of water resources. Risks assessment of application of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers in agriculture are required for their correct and safe application.
基金funded by the Envi Nagro Project(No.PID 2021-124497OA-I00)supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation,Agency and the European Regional Development Fund of Spain(No.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UE)The financial support of the Regional Ministry of Culture,Education,and University(Xunta de Galicia),Galicia,Spain is also recognized through the contract(No.ED431C 2021/46-GRC)granted to the research group BV1 of the University of Vigo,Spain+2 种基金PPR and ARS have postdoctoral contract Juan de la Cierva Incorporación(Nos.IJC 2020-044426-I/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and IJC2020-044197-I/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain,the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR,and the University of Vigo,Spaina postdoctoral fellowship(No.ED481B-2022-081)financed by Xunta de Galicia,Spaina postdoctoral contract Ramón y Cajal(No.RYC2022-036752-I)funded by the Ministry of Science,Innovation,and Universities of Spain,the European Union,and the University of Vigo,Spain。
文摘Nanotechnology offers promising perspectives for revolutionizing agriculture by enhancing productivity and sustainability.Although the global agricultural nanotechnology market was valued at US$352.4 billion in 2023 and is estimated to reach US$868.9 billion by 2031,concerns about adverse environmental effects persist.This review summarizes the latest developments and perspectives of nanotechnology applied to agriculture,highlighting both advancements and potential impacts on soil ecosystems.However,concerns regarding regulatory measures,economic viability,and scalability hinder its widespread adoption.Collaboration among stakeholders is crucial to establishing effective frameworks for the safe and responsible application of nanotechnology in agriculture.Despite these concerns,nanotechnology holds great promise for addressing emerging challenges in agriculture and advancing toward more sustainable and efficient practices.
文摘The advent of civilization has made humans dependent on plants for food and medicine,leading to the intensification of agricultural production.The intense cultivation of crops has resulted in the depletion of available nutrients from soil,thereby demanding the application of excess nutrients to soil to improve yield.Thus,mineral fertilizer discovery and application have,in many ways,contributed greatly to meeting global food demands.However,aside from the positive effects of mineral fertilizers,their excessive application to soil produces large amounts of pollutants that affect environmental sustainability.This necessitates the study of the major mineral fertilizer elements(nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)),the forms in which they are applied to soil,and their chemistry/reactions in soil.Here,we reviewed the forms of different N,P,and K mineral fertilizers to provide current knowledge on their constituents,the chemistry of N,P,and K in soil to understand the reactions they undertake in soil,the efficient methods of fertilizer application for environmental sustainability,the effects of mineral fertilizer loss to the environment,and improved fertilization technologies for environmental sustainability.Nanofertilizers are a promising technology for sustainable agricultural production and are discussed in detail in this review.
基金supported by the L’Oréal-UNESCO for women in Science Programmethe National Research Foundation(129651)of South Africa。
文摘Nanofertilizers increase efficiency and sustainability of agricultural crop production.Due to their nanosize properties,they have been shown to increase productivity through target delivery or slow release of nutrients,thereby limiting the rate of fertilizer application required.Nanofertilizers can be synthesized via different approaches ranging from physical and chemical to green(biological)synthesis.The green approach is preferable because it makes use of less chemicals,thereby producing less chemical contamination and it is safer in comparison to physicochemical approaches.Hence,discussion on the use of green synthesized nanoparticles as nanofertilizers is pertinent for a sustainable approach in agriculture.This review discusses recent developments and applications of biologically synthesized metallic nanoparticles that can also be used as nanofertilizers,as well as their uptake mechanisms for plant growth.Toxicity concerns of nanoparticle applications in agriculture are also discussed.
基金financial assistance(University Grants Commission-Junior Research Fellow,National Testing Agency Reference No.201610181190)Department of Science and Technology,Government of India,for Department of Science and Technology-Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research(INSPIRE)Ph.D.Fellowship(Junior Research Fellow,INSPIRE Code:IF190457)Science and Engineering Research Board(No.EEQ/2021/000058),Department of Science and Technology,Government of India,financially assisted Amit Kumar Mandal through Empowerment and Equity Opportunities for Excellence in Science scheme
文摘Since the last decades,nanotechnology has gained the attention of researchers in the field of plant sciences.The characteristics of nanoparticles are reliant on their shape and size.Formulations involving noble metallic nanoparticles(NMNPs)offer novel technologies to boost agricultural productivity and minimize conventional pesticide use.The application of nanoparticles as nanofertilizer improves plant growth and enhances nutrient uptake efficiency.Noble metallic nanoparticles act as antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens and provide protection to plants.Nanobiosensors and nanodevices are utilized in diverse agro-based areas such as plant disease diagnosis and nanoparticle-based material delivery.Several studies have focused on negative impacts such as toxicity and environmental threats posed by NMNPs.Understanding the effects of NMNPs on agriculture is critical for the assessment of their safety and the impending environmental risks to biodiversity and human health.Here,we summarize the advances of NMNPs towards revolutionizing modern agricultural applications and the recent trends in sustainable precision agriculture.
文摘Micronutrient nanoparticles(NPs)are currently an option for chemical fertilization and biostimulation in crops.However,there is little information on the phytotoxic or biostimulatory effects of NPs at low concentrations of some elements,such as Zn.In this study,the effect of low concentrations of Zn oxide(ZnO)NPs on germination,growth variables,and nutritional attributes of lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)was evaluated in comparison to Zn sulfate.Romaine lettuce seeds were treated with ZnSO_(4)^(-)×7H_(2)O and ZnO NPs at Zn molar concentrations of 1×10^(−3),5×10^(−3),1×10^(−4),5×10^(−4),1×10^(−5),5×10^(−5),1×10^(−6),and 5×10^(−6).The seeds treated with ZnSO4−at 5×10^(−6)registered the highest radicle length,73%more than the control treatment.The seeds treated with ZnSO4−at 5×10^(−3)registered the lowest values,with 50%less than the control treatment.ZnO NPs at 5×10^(−6)significantly increased content of chlorophyll A and B and total phenolics.These results indicate the possible existence of a mechanism related to the intrinsic nanoparticle properties,especially at low concentrations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22125603 and 22020102004)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(21JCZDJC00280,21JCJQJC00060)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(63233056)the Ministry of Education of China(T2017002).
文摘Nanotechnology-enabled fertilizers and pesticides,especially those capable of releasing plant nutrients or pesticide active ingredients(AIs)in a controlled manner,can effectively enhance crop nutrition and protection while minimizing the environmental impacts of agricultural activities.Herein,we review the fundamentals and recent advances in nanofertilizers and nanopesticides with controlled-release properties,enabled by nanocarriers responsive to environmental and biological stimuli,including pH change,temperature,light,redox conditions,and the presence of enzymes.For pH-responsive nanocarriers,pH change can induce structural changes or degradation of the nanocarriers or cleave the bonding between nutrients/pesticide AIs and the nanocarriers.Similarly,temperature response typically involves structural changes in nanocarriers,and higher temperatures can accelerate the release by diffusion promoting or bond breaking.Photothermal materials enable responses to infrared light,and photolabile moieties(e.g.,o-nitrobenzyl and azobenzene)are required for achieving ultraviolet light responses.Redox-responsive nanocarriers contain disulfide bonds or ferric iron,whereas enzyme-responsive nanocarriers typically contain the enzyme’s substrate as a building block.For fabricating nanofertilizers,pHresponsive nanocarriers have been well explored,but only a few studies have reported temperature-and enzyme-responsive nanocarriers.In comparison,there have been more reports on nanopesticides,which are responsive to a range of stimuli,including many with dual-or triple-responsiveness.Nano-enabled controlledrelease fertilizers and pesticides show tremendous potential for enhancing the utilization efficiency of nutrients and pesticide AIs.However,to expand their practical applications,future research should focus on optimizing their performance under realistic conditions,lowering costs,and addressing regulatory and public concerns over environmental and safety risks.
