Metals in advanced nuclear reactors,such as W,often experience microcracks.However,the synergistic effects of high temperature,stress,and specialized structures can improve the self-healing ability of these metals.Mic...Metals in advanced nuclear reactors,such as W,often experience microcracks.However,the synergistic effects of high temperature,stress,and specialized structures can improve the self-healing ability of these metals.Microcrack healing is closely related to crack surface conditions.The order and disorder degree of crack surface atoms may affect crack stability.In this study,first-principles calculations,ab initio molecular dynamics,and surface thermodynamic theory were used to investigate the stability of grain boundary(GB)cracks at 0,293,and 373 K.We compared the energy densities,crack attraction energies,and atomic diffusion behaviors of crack surfaces atΣ3 GBs with those atΣ5 GBs.Adsorption on the nanocrack surface determines the critical nanocrack width.It was found that AlΣ3(111)nanocracks heal at high temperatures,and this healing behavior is closely related to the crack surface energy.Meanwhile,the GB cracks of W heal in an orderly manner at 573 and 1203 K.BY contrast,the GB cracks of Ti remain unhealed.Finally,a high-temperature nanocrack expansion model was developed and used to predict crack behavior under applied stress at different temperatures.展开更多
The results of tensile test in TEM for a brittle material, Ti-24Al-11Nb alloy, show that a lot of dislocations can also be emitted from a brittle crack tip and a dislocation-free zone (DFZ) is formed. The DFZ is an el...The results of tensile test in TEM for a brittle material, Ti-24Al-11Nb alloy, show that a lot of dislocations can also be emitted from a brittle crack tip and a dislocation-free zone (DFZ) is formed. The DFZ is an elastic zone with large strain and the stress in the DFZ may reach the cohesive strength of the material provided that the crack tip is sharp enough and the applied stress is large enough, resulting in initiating of a nanocrack in the DFZ or sometimes at the crack tip. The nanocrack formed in the DFZ is stable and will propagate into a deavage microcrack through multiplication and movement of dislocations in the plastic zone. Increasing the applied stress, the crack can stably propagate continuously or discontinuously.展开更多
Nudeating and propagating of nanocrack forming in dislocation-free zone (DFZ) for a brittle material, TiAl alloy, was studied through in situ tensile test in TEM and analyzed using micro-fracture mechanics. The result...Nudeating and propagating of nanocrack forming in dislocation-free zone (DFZ) for a brittle material, TiAl alloy, was studied through in situ tensile test in TEM and analyzed using micro-fracture mechanics. The results show that many of dislocations can be emitted from a crack tip when the applied stress intensity KIa is larger than the stress intensity for dislocation emission KIe = 1.4MPa·m1/2 and a DFZ is formed after reaching equilibrium. The stress in a certain site in the DFZ, which is an elastic zone and is thinned gradually through dislocation multiplication and motion in the plastic zone, may be equal to the cohesive strength, resulting in initiating of a nanocrack in the DFZ or sometimes at the notch tip. The nanocrack forming in the DFZ is stable and can propagate into a cleavage microcrack through multiplication and movement of dislocations in the plastic zone under constant displacement condition.展开更多
TEM in situ tensile tests of 310 stainless steel show that a dislocation free zone (DFZ) forms if the displacement keeps constant after dislocations are emitted from a crack tip. The elastic DFZ is gradually thinned a...TEM in situ tensile tests of 310 stainless steel show that a dislocation free zone (DFZ) forms if the displacement keeps constant after dislocations are emitted from a crack tip. The elastic DFZ is gradually thinned and the stress in the DFZ will reach the cohesive strength, resulting in nucleation of nanocracks in it and their bluntness into voids. If continuously tensioning, the inhomogeneously thinning ahead of the crack tip, initiating and connecting of microcracks or microvoids will be observed rather than a DFZ, nanocracks' initiation and bluntness into voids. The inverse pile-up ahead of a loaded crack tip can move back to the crack tip when unloading.展开更多
By combining the hydrogen-induced local plastic deformation theory with the decohesive theory and the hydrogen pressure theory, a new mechanism of hydrogen-facilitating initiation of voids has been proposed. Through f...By combining the hydrogen-induced local plastic deformation theory with the decohesive theory and the hydrogen pressure theory, a new mechanism of hydrogen-facilitating initiation of voids has been proposed. Through facilitating the local plastic deformation and reducing the cohesive strength, hydrogen promotes both initiating a nanocrack and blunting the nanocrack into a void, resulting in hydrogen-promoting initiation of the void. On the other hand, hydrogen can enhance the stability of the void through reducing the cohesive strength and forming a hydrogen pressure in the void.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12175323,11832019,and 11705264)project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012692)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Original Exploration Project(12150001).
文摘Metals in advanced nuclear reactors,such as W,often experience microcracks.However,the synergistic effects of high temperature,stress,and specialized structures can improve the self-healing ability of these metals.Microcrack healing is closely related to crack surface conditions.The order and disorder degree of crack surface atoms may affect crack stability.In this study,first-principles calculations,ab initio molecular dynamics,and surface thermodynamic theory were used to investigate the stability of grain boundary(GB)cracks at 0,293,and 373 K.We compared the energy densities,crack attraction energies,and atomic diffusion behaviors of crack surfaces atΣ3 GBs with those atΣ5 GBs.Adsorption on the nanocrack surface determines the critical nanocrack width.It was found that AlΣ3(111)nanocracks heal at high temperatures,and this healing behavior is closely related to the crack surface energy.Meanwhile,the GB cracks of W heal in an orderly manner at 573 and 1203 K.BY contrast,the GB cracks of Ti remain unhealed.Finally,a high-temperature nanocrack expansion model was developed and used to predict crack behavior under applied stress at different temperatures.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The results of tensile test in TEM for a brittle material, Ti-24Al-11Nb alloy, show that a lot of dislocations can also be emitted from a brittle crack tip and a dislocation-free zone (DFZ) is formed. The DFZ is an elastic zone with large strain and the stress in the DFZ may reach the cohesive strength of the material provided that the crack tip is sharp enough and the applied stress is large enough, resulting in initiating of a nanocrack in the DFZ or sometimes at the crack tip. The nanocrack formed in the DFZ is stable and will propagate into a deavage microcrack through multiplication and movement of dislocations in the plastic zone. Increasing the applied stress, the crack can stably propagate continuously or discontinuously.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Nudeating and propagating of nanocrack forming in dislocation-free zone (DFZ) for a brittle material, TiAl alloy, was studied through in situ tensile test in TEM and analyzed using micro-fracture mechanics. The results show that many of dislocations can be emitted from a crack tip when the applied stress intensity KIa is larger than the stress intensity for dislocation emission KIe = 1.4MPa·m1/2 and a DFZ is formed after reaching equilibrium. The stress in a certain site in the DFZ, which is an elastic zone and is thinned gradually through dislocation multiplication and motion in the plastic zone, may be equal to the cohesive strength, resulting in initiating of a nanocrack in the DFZ or sometimes at the notch tip. The nanocrack forming in the DFZ is stable and can propagate into a cleavage microcrack through multiplication and movement of dislocations in the plastic zone under constant displacement condition.
基金Project supported by the National Foundation of Nature Science of China
文摘TEM in situ tensile tests of 310 stainless steel show that a dislocation free zone (DFZ) forms if the displacement keeps constant after dislocations are emitted from a crack tip. The elastic DFZ is gradually thinned and the stress in the DFZ will reach the cohesive strength, resulting in nucleation of nanocracks in it and their bluntness into voids. If continuously tensioning, the inhomogeneously thinning ahead of the crack tip, initiating and connecting of microcracks or microvoids will be observed rather than a DFZ, nanocracks' initiation and bluntness into voids. The inverse pile-up ahead of a loaded crack tip can move back to the crack tip when unloading.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘By combining the hydrogen-induced local plastic deformation theory with the decohesive theory and the hydrogen pressure theory, a new mechanism of hydrogen-facilitating initiation of voids has been proposed. Through facilitating the local plastic deformation and reducing the cohesive strength, hydrogen promotes both initiating a nanocrack and blunting the nanocrack into a void, resulting in hydrogen-promoting initiation of the void. On the other hand, hydrogen can enhance the stability of the void through reducing the cohesive strength and forming a hydrogen pressure in the void.
