In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,t...In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,thymol,carvacrol,trans-cinnamaldehyde,and their mixtures.Comprehensive physicochemical and colloidal characterizations of these nanocomplexes were performed using dynamic light scattering,and Fourier transform infrared and atomic force microscopy,which evaluated their colloidal stability and redispersibility after freeze-drying.In addition,the antioxidant capacities and antimicrobial activities of these various nanoparticles were investigated methodically.The results revealed that the phytochemical-encapsulated nanocomplexes exhibited a particle size ranging from 60 to 70 nm,display-ing a uniform distribution.Additionally,these nanocomplexes demonstrated sustained morphological and colloidal stability over 30-day storage,and after freeze-drying and subsequent redispersion processing.Furthermore,significant improvements in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the aqueous phase were observed.These redispersible nanocomplexes from phytoglycogen and zein hold the promising potential to address the limitations and offer practical solutions for expanding their applications in the pharmaceutical and food fields.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and excessive proliferation of the synovium.Currently,treatment options focus on either reducing inflammation or inhibiti...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and excessive proliferation of the synovium.Currently,treatment options focus on either reducing inflammation or inhibiting synovial hyperplasia.However,these modalities are unsatisfactory in achieving the desired therapeutic outcomes.Halofuginone hydrobromide(HF),an herbal active ingredient,has demonstrated pharmacological effects of both anti-inflammation and inhibition of synovial hyperplasia proliferation.However,HF's medical efficacy is limited due to its poor water solubility,short half-life(t_(1/2)),and non-target toxicity.In the current study,by using the advantages of nanotechnology,we presented a novel dual-targeted nanocomplex,termed HA-M@P@HF NPs,which consisted of a hyaluronic acid(HA)-modified hybrid membrane(M)-camouflaged poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)nanosystem for HF delivery.These nanocomplexes not only overcame the limitations of HF but also achieved simultaneous targeting of inflammatory macrophages and human fibroblast-like synoviocytes-RA(HFLS-RA).In vivo experiments demonstrated that these nanocomplexes effectively suppressed immune-mediated inflammation and synovial hyperplasia,safeguarding against bone destruction in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis(AIA).Remarkable anti-arthritic effects of these nanocomplexes were accomplished through promoting repolarization of M1-to-M2 macrophages and apoptosis of HFLS-RA,thereby offering a promising therapeutic strategy for RA.展开更多
In this study,intelligent,pH-responsive colorimetric films were prepared by encapsulating anthocyanins in nanocomplexes prepared from glutenin and carboxymethyl chitosan.These nanocomplexes were added to a corn starch...In this study,intelligent,pH-responsive colorimetric films were prepared by encapsulating anthocyanins in nanocomplexes prepared from glutenin and carboxymethyl chitosan.These nanocomplexes were added to a corn starch matrix and used in the freshness monitoring of chilled pork.The effects of anthocyanin-loaded nanocomplexes on the physical,structural,and functional characteristics of the films were investigated.The addition of anthocyanin-loaded nanocomplexes increased the tensile strength,elongation at break,hydrophobicity,and light transmittance of the films while decreasing their water vapor permeability.This is because new hydrogen bonds are formed between the film components,resulting in a more homogeneous and dense structure.The colorimetric film has a significant color response to pH changes.These films were used in experiments on the freshness of chilled pork,in which the pH changes with changing freshness states.The results show that the colorimetric film can monitor changes in the freshness of chilled pork in real time,where orange,pink,and green represent the fresh,secondary fresh,and putrefied states of pork,respectively.Therefore,the intelligent colorimetric film developed in this study has good application potential in the food industry.展开更多
In this study,the potato protein(PP)-pectin(PC)nanoparticles were constructed to encapsulate ferulic acid(FA).The effects of FA additive amount,addition order and pH value on the properties of PP-FA-PC/PP-PC-FA nanoco...In this study,the potato protein(PP)-pectin(PC)nanoparticles were constructed to encapsulate ferulic acid(FA).The effects of FA additive amount,addition order and pH value on the properties of PP-FA-PC/PP-PC-FA nanocomplexes were investigated.It was found that when the mass ratio of PP to FA was 25:1,the PP-FA-PC nanocomplex had the smallest particle size,turbidity and the highest FA encapsulation efficiency.At pH 5.0,the addition order of FA had an effect on the properties of the nanocomplexes,and the formed nanocomplexes had larger particle size,higher turbidity and better encapsulation efficiency than the nanocomplexes formed at pH 7.0.Additionally,the nanocomplexes formed at pH 5.0 also possessed lower ABTS+and DPPH free radical scavenging rates,indicating that FA was successfully encapsulated by PP-PC nanoparticles.The results of Zaverage diameter and fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed PP-FA-PC nanocomplex at pH 5.0 encapsulated FA based on hydrogen bonding,hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.The scanning electron microscopy showed that the PP-FA-PC nanocomplex exhibited irregular and segregated small particles at pH 5.0.Moreover,the PP-FA-PC nanocomplexes at pH 5.0 had the best encapsulation ability and protection effect on FA,and the environmental stability was the best.The release rate of FA loaded by PP-PC nanoparticles was greatly reduced in simulated gastric fluid,while increased in simulated intestinal fluid compared to free FA.This study may provide valuable information for PP-PC nanoparticles as a food-grade delivery system,signifying the potential application in the health food industry.展开更多
The authors regret the inadvertent error was found in Fig.7 where the merged rows of the images were reversed due to carelessness and negligence.The corrected Fig.7 is presented below.The authors confirm that this cor...The authors regret the inadvertent error was found in Fig.7 where the merged rows of the images were reversed due to carelessness and negligence.The corrected Fig.7 is presented below.The authors confirm that this correction does not affect the conclusion of the study.展开更多
The authors regret the inadvertent error was found in Fig.7 where the merged rows of the images were reversed due to carelessness and negligence.The corrected Fig.7 is presented below.The authors confirm that this cor...The authors regret the inadvertent error was found in Fig.7 where the merged rows of the images were reversed due to carelessness and negligence.The corrected Fig.7 is presented below.The authors confirm that this correction does not affect the conclusion of the study.展开更多
Forming electrostatic nanocomplexes(ENCs)with counter-ions can improve the delivery efficiency of chemotherapy drugs.However,water-soluble chemotherapy drugs like mitoxantrone(MTO),have limited affinity for counter-io...Forming electrostatic nanocomplexes(ENCs)with counter-ions can improve the delivery efficiency of chemotherapy drugs.However,water-soluble chemotherapy drugs like mitoxantrone(MTO),have limited affinity for counter-ions,posing challenges in the creation of stable ENCs.Herein,MTO was connected to fatty alcohols of varying chain lengths(C8,C12,C16)via disulfide bonds,forming hydrophobic prodrugs.We found that conjugating MTO to fatty alcohols significantly improved its affinity for the counter-ion sodium cholesterol sulfate(SCS).Among the designed prodrugs,conjugated to fatty alcohols with longer carbon chain lengths exhibited heightened affinity for SCS,resulting in the formation of more stable ENCs.However,extending the carbon chain also slowed the rate of drug release.Overall,compared with MTO solution,these ENCs demonstrated comparable therapeutic efficacy while causing minimal damage to healthy tissues,especially for MTO-SS-C16 ENCs.Our research provides new insights for constructing stable and safe ENCs for hydrophilic drugs like MTO.展开更多
Curcumin, commonly used as a coloring agent as well as food additive, has exhibited great therapeutic efficacy for development of functional foods. In order to expand its applications in food, strategies are needed to...Curcumin, commonly used as a coloring agent as well as food additive, has exhibited great therapeutic efficacy for development of functional foods. In order to expand its applications in food, strategies are needed to tackle the poor water-solubility, bioavailability and bioaccessibility of curcumin. Nanoparticles made from individual biomaterials such as proteins, polysaccharides and lipids have been introduced and their properties have been comprehensively studied. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in nanocomplexes made from two or more biomaterials because of their ability to composite the advantages of various components. This review has specific focus on the nanocomplexes fabricated from proteins and polysaccharides. First, complexation methods with or without chemical covalent bond formation are summarized, while different methods with different degrees of complexation are discussed. The encapsulation strategies of curcumin, both traditional and newly invented, are also compared. Then, the structure and physicochemical properties of the resulting binary or ternary nanocomplexes are discussed in detail, as well as a comparison of the delivery efficiency. Last but not least, the current limitations and future directions in the development of curcumin-loaded biopolymer nanoparticles for the design of future food products are presented.展开更多
Pterostilbene(PTS)has received considerable attention in recent years because of its beneficial effects on health;however,its poor solubility hinders its application in the food industry.This study aimed to prepare an...Pterostilbene(PTS)has received considerable attention in recent years because of its beneficial effects on health;however,its poor solubility hinders its application in the food industry.This study aimed to prepare and characterise three types of proteins(whey protein isolate(WPI),soybean protein isolate(SPI),and flaxseed protein isolate(FPI))conjugates of PTS,which could improve its solubility and stability.The results showed that the spherical particles of the protein-based nano-complexes were dissociated and homogenous.Proteins bound to PTS mainly through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding,and PTS in proteins existed in an amorphous state.FPI conferred PTS with better thermal stability than WPI and SPI.Further coating of FPI-PTS with soybean polysaccharide and maltodextrin yielded a more stable nanocomplex structure.The prepared nanocomplex powder exhibited better thermal,illumination,and storage stabilities than FPI-PTS.This study provides guidelines for the potential application of protein-based nano-complexes in functional foods.展开更多
Osteogenic ability impairment and myelosuppression are common complications of chemotherapy and many chemotherapeutics can affect the skeletal system.Skeletal system protection is necessary for cancer chemotherapy.In ...Osteogenic ability impairment and myelosuppression are common complications of chemotherapy and many chemotherapeutics can affect the skeletal system.Skeletal system protection is necessary for cancer chemotherapy.In this study,osteogenic growth peptide(OGP)and tetrahedral framework nucleic-acid nanostructures(tFNAs)are combined to form a peptide-DNA complex OGP-tFNAs,which aims to combine the positive biological effect on tissue protection and regeneration.The bone marrow protection and bone formation effect of OGP-tFNAs are investigated in chemotherapy-induced myelosuppressive mice.The results show that OGP-tFNAs could reduce the cell damage degree from 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)in vitro and maintained the osteogenic differentiation potential.Furthermore,OGP-tFNAs accelerate bone defect regeneration in myelosuppressive mice.In conclusion,OGP-tFNAs could protect the osteogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)from 5-FU injury and maintain the bone formation ability of myelosuppressive mice suffering from chemotherapy.展开更多
Diabetic ulcers(DUs),a severe complication of diabetes,are characterized by impaired wound healing and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality.A key pathological driver is the persistent accumulation of ne...Diabetic ulcers(DUs),a severe complication of diabetes,are characterized by impaired wound healing and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality.A key pathological driver is the persistent accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),which extend inflammation and tissue damage;however,appropriate therapeutic strategies to resolve NETs remain underdeveloped.We engineered a self-assembled nanocomplex,O/DNase-I,through structural and functional integration of oligomerized epigallocatechin gallate(OEGCG)and deoxyribonuclease-I(DNase-I).Its functionality was systematically evaluated in vitro and in a diabetic murine wound model using molecular and histological analyses.The O/DNase-I nanocomplex simultaneously eliminates existing NETs via DNase-I-mediated DNA hydrolysis and suppresses further NET formation through OEGCG.This synergistic action robustly cleared NETs,mitigated pro-inflammatory signaling,and critically,promoted a reparative immune microenvironment by driving M2 macrophage polarization,ultimately accelerating diabetic wound closure in vivo.This study not only validates O/DNase-I as a potent therapeutic approach for diabetic wound management but also establishes a novel supramolecular strategy for targeting dysregulated inflammation,with broad potential applications in other NET-associated pathologies.展开更多
MXenes have attracted great interest in various fields,and pillared MXenes open a new path with larger interlayer spacing.However,the further study of pillared MXenes is blocked at multilayered state due to serious re...MXenes have attracted great interest in various fields,and pillared MXenes open a new path with larger interlayer spacing.However,the further study of pillared MXenes is blocked at multilayered state due to serious restacking phenomenon of few-layered MXene nanosheets.In this work,for the first time,we designed a facile NH4+method to fundamentally solve the restacking issues of MXene nanosheets and succeeded in achieving pillared few-layered MXene.Sn nanocomplex pillared few-layered Ti3C2Tx(STCT)composites were synthesized by introducing atomic Sn nanocomplex into interlayer of pillared few-layered Ti3C2Tx MXenes via pillaring technique.The MXene matrix can inhibit Sn nanocomplex particles agglomeration and serve as conductive network.Meanwhile,the Sn nanocomplex particles can further open the interlayer spacing of Ti3C2Tx during lithiation/delithiation processes and therefore generate extra capacity.Benefiting from the“pillar effect,”the STCT composites can maintain 1016 mAh g^?1 after 1200 cycles at 2000 mA g^?1 and deliver a stable capacity of 680 mAh g^?1 at 5 A g^?1,showing one of the best performances among MXene-based composites.This work will provide a new way for the development of pillared MXenes and their energy storage due to significant breakthrough from multilayered state to few-layered one.展开更多
We herein propose a co-delivery approach where small interference RNA(siRNA)and anticancer chemotherapeutic drug are simultaneously loaded into a single delivery carrier for the combined treatment of breast cancer and...We herein propose a co-delivery approach where small interference RNA(siRNA)and anticancer chemotherapeutic drug are simultaneously loaded into a single delivery carrier for the combined treatment of breast cancer and metastasis prevention.The co-delivery vector is composed of chondroitin sulfate(CS)-coatedβ-cyclodextrin-polyethylenemine polymer,which is capable of loading paclitaxel(PTX)and siRNA simultaneously to form therapeutic nanocomplexes.The nanocomplex,termed as CPPTX-siCD146-CS,is demonstrated to have strong active targeting ability towards CD44-overexpresing breast cancer cells.Moreover,the co-delivery of PTX and siRNA not only effectively inhibits cancer cells proliferation and induces apoptosis,but also well prevents metastasis.Importantly,CP-PTX-siCD146-CS nanocomplexes exhibit stronger cytotoxic effects and anti-metastatic effects on MBA-MD-231 breast cancer cells,in comparison with PTX or siCD146 mono-treatment.The current study defines a potential therapeutic strategy for the combined breast cancer treatment and metastasis prevention from a codelivery perspective.展开更多
The application of nanotechnologies in formulation has significantly promoted the development of modern medical and pharmacological science, especially for nanoparticle-based drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostic...The application of nanotechnologies in formulation has significantly promoted the development of modern medical and pharmacological science, especially for nanoparticle-based drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics. The advancement of engineering particle design and fabrication is largely supported by a better understanding of how their apparent characteristics(e.g., size and size distribution, surface morphology, colloidal stability, chemical composition) influence their in vivo biological performance, which raises an urgent need for practical nanoformulation methods. Based on turbulent flow mixing and the self-assembly of molecules in fluids, flash technologies emerged as effective bottom-up fabrication strategies for effective nanoformulation. Among the flash technology family, flash nanocomplexation(FNC) is considered a novel and promising candidate that can promote and optimize formulation processes in a precise spatiotemporal manner, thus obtaining excellent fabrication efficiency, reproducibility and expandability. This review presents an overview of recent advances in fabricating drug-delivery nanoparticles using FNC platforms. Firstly, brief introductions to the basic principles of FNC technology were carried out, followed by descriptions of turbulent microvolume mixers that have significantly promoted the efficiency of FNC-based fabrications. Applications of real formulation cases were then categorized according to the self-assembly-driven interactions(including electrostatic interaction, coordination interaction,hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction) and discussed to reveal the progressiveness of fabricating nanoparticles and discuss how its flexibility will provide advances and replenish the philosophy of nanomedicine formulation. In the end, the commercial potential, current limitations, and prospects of FNC technology for nanoformulation will be summarized and discussed.展开更多
Mesoporous titanium nanoparticles(MTNs) have emerged as an important porous semiconductor owning to their large surface area and unique electronic/optical properties. However, the fundamental research for rational man...Mesoporous titanium nanoparticles(MTNs) have emerged as an important porous semiconductor owning to their large surface area and unique electronic/optical properties. However, the fundamental research for rational manufacturing MTNs in a highly scalable manner remains a challenge. In this study, we report a two-step flash nanocomplexation(FNC) approach to large-scalable generate MTNs through the sequential combination of two multi-inlet vortex mixers. By optimizing the concentrated titanium precursor,polyethylene glycol(PEG)-functionalized silane amount and p H, we have been able to produce MTNs with small particle size(31.5 nm), larger surface area(416.9 m^(2)/g) and pore volume(0.59 cm^(3)/g). Different from the traditional MTNs bulk, FNC-produced MTNs exhibited well-controlled manner and exceptional photocatalytic and antibacterial properties. Importantly, the optimized MTNs outperformed commercial P25 not only in protecting ultraviolet A(UVA)-exposed skin, but also in treating P. aeruginosa-infected wound. We believe that the high controllability and scalability of sequential flash nanocomplexation method offers great opportunities in enhancing the performance of mesoporous titanium nanoparticles.展开更多
In this work,the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing(SOCT-ISC)mechanism is introduced into the near-infrared and highly photon-capturing heptamethine cyanine(Cy7)class to construct photosensitizer(PS)for p...In this work,the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing(SOCT-ISC)mechanism is introduced into the near-infrared and highly photon-capturing heptamethine cyanine(Cy7)class to construct photosensitizer(PS)for photodynamic therapy(PDT)of tumor.The target PS AN-Cy7 shows an obviously improved singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))quantum yield than the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved indocyanine green(ICG)under 750 nm low-power photoirradiation(30 mW/cm^(2))while retaining strong fluorescence at~805 nm.Importantly,the PS forms a 2:1 dye-human serum albumin(HSA)nanocomplex,ensuring its strong accumulation and retention at tumor site(up to five days)post intravenous injection.After a single PDT treatment,the nanocomplex almost completely ablates primary tumor while triggering an antitumor immune response to suppress the growth of distant tumors.Overall,the nanocomplex overcomes many shortcomings of clinically used PSs,thus being promising for future clinical translation.展开更多
1-Octacosanol(1-Octa)is recognized worldwide as a functional anti-fatigue agent with additional antiinflammatory and energy-boosting benefits.However,it has low bioavailability owing to the poor water solubility and i...1-Octacosanol(1-Octa)is recognized worldwide as a functional anti-fatigue agent with additional antiinflammatory and energy-boosting benefits.However,it has low bioavailability owing to the poor water solubility and instability in the gastrointestinal tract;this limits its use in food,medical,and health care products.To address this,we aimed to prepare a water-soluble octenyl succinate anhydride debranched starch(OSD)-Octa complex and investigate the effects of degree of substitution of OSD and reaction temperature on the drug loading,structure,and water solubility of the complex.The contact angle of free 1-Octa was 110.3°,which decreased to<55°in the complex,and the solubility of 1-Octa in the complex ranged from 0.329±0.008 to 1.532±0.023 mg/mL,which indicated a notable increase in the aqueous solubility of 1-Octa.Furthermore,1-Octa was found to penetrate the amylose helical cavity of OSD and form exohydrophilic and endohydrophobic nanoparticles with OSD through hydrophobic interaction.Finally,OSD-Octa effectively mitigated the degradation of 1-Octa under extreme pH conditions and in the presence of digestive enzymes compared to that of free 1-Octa.These findings suggest that the OSD system is an effective approach to enhancing the solubility and stability of hydrophobic functional factors.展开更多
Current cancer immunotherapies exhibit low response rates attributed to suppressive tumor immune microen-vironments(TIMEs).To address these unfavorable TIMEs,supplementation with tumor-associated antigens and stimulat...Current cancer immunotherapies exhibit low response rates attributed to suppressive tumor immune microen-vironments(TIMEs).To address these unfavorable TIMEs,supplementation with tumor-associated antigens and stimulation of immune cells at target sites are indispensable for eliciting anti-tumoral immune responses.Pre-vious research has explored the induction of immunotherapy through multiple injections and implants;however,these approaches lack consideration for patient convenience and the implementation of finely tunable immune response control systems to mitigate the side effects of over-inflammatory responses,such as cytokine storms.In this context,we describe a patient-centric nano-gel-nano system capable of sustained generation of tumorassociated antigens and release of adjuvants.This is achieved through the specific delivery of drugs to cancer cells and antigens/adjuvants to immune cells over the long term,maintaining proper concentrations within the tumor site with a single injection.This system demonstrates local immunity against tumors with a single in-jection,enhances the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades,and induces systemic and memory T cell responses,thus minimizing systemic side effects.展开更多
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy provides a new strategy for tumor treatment;however,the insufficient infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment lead to unsatisfied effects.Her...Immune checkpoint blockade therapy provides a new strategy for tumor treatment;however,the insufficient infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment lead to unsatisfied effects.Herein,we reported a lipid/PLGA nanocomplex(RDCM)co-loaded with the photosensitizer Ce6 and the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)inhibitor 1MT to improve immunotherapy of colon cancer.Arginine–glycine–aspartic acid(RGD)as the targeting moiety was conjugated on 1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine lipid via polyethylene glycol(PEG),and programmed cell death-ligand 1(PDL1)peptide inhibitor DPPA(sequence:CPLGVRGK-GGG-d(NYSKPTDRQYHF))was immobilized on the terminal group of PEG via matrix metalloproteinase 2 sensitive peptide linker.The Ce6 and 1MT were encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles.The drug loaded nanoparticles were composited with RGD and DPPA modified lipid and lecithin to form lipid/PLGA nanocomplexes.When the nanocomplexes were delivered to tumor,DPPA was released by the cleavage of a matrix metalloproteinase 2-sensitive peptide linker for PD-L1 binding.RGD facilitated the cellular internalization of nanocomplexes via avβ3 integrin.Strong immunogenic cell death was induced by 1 O2 generated from Ce6 irradiation under 660 nm laser.1MT inhibited the activity of IDO and reduced the inhibition of cytotoxic T cells caused by kynurenine accumulation in the tumor microenvironment.The RDCM facilitated the maturation of dendritic cells,inhibited the activity of IDO,and markedly recruited the proportion of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells in CT26 tumor-bearing mice,triggering a robust immunological memory effect,thus effectively preventing tumor metastasis.The results indicated that the RDCM with dual IDO and PD-L1 inhibition effects is a promising platform for targeted photoimmunotherapy of colon cancer.展开更多
Three nanocomplexes of Cu(II),Co(II),and Ni(II)with theophylline were synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method.This method was used to produce smaller and narrow-distributed nanoparticles without any aggregations.M...Three nanocomplexes of Cu(II),Co(II),and Ni(II)with theophylline were synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method.This method was used to produce smaller and narrow-distributed nanoparticles without any aggregations.Melting point,molar conductivity,solubility,flame atomic absorption,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and elemental analysis(C,H,N,and S)were used to identify and to suggest the structure of the synthesized nanocomplexes.The transmission electron microscopy(TEM)results exhibited that the size of nanocomplexes was in the range of 15-25 nm.The efficacy of the synthesized nanocomplexes was examined against four types of bacterial strains,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis(gram-positive bacteria),and Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia Coli(gram-negative bacteria).The results showed that all nanocomplexes had very high susceptibility to inhibit bacterial growth,as they resulted in an inhibition zone between 98%and 100%.The copper nanocomplex gave the highest inhibition zone by 100%for each type of bacterial strains,due to the surface plasmon.Therefore,a further test for the copper nanocomplex Cu(THP)2(H2O)2(Cl)2 was carried out on skin injuries of laboratory mice after it was converted into cream with vaseline and was found to have a very potent influence in healing skin injuries.展开更多
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA),National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Award No.2022-67018-37143.
文摘In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,thymol,carvacrol,trans-cinnamaldehyde,and their mixtures.Comprehensive physicochemical and colloidal characterizations of these nanocomplexes were performed using dynamic light scattering,and Fourier transform infrared and atomic force microscopy,which evaluated their colloidal stability and redispersibility after freeze-drying.In addition,the antioxidant capacities and antimicrobial activities of these various nanoparticles were investigated methodically.The results revealed that the phytochemical-encapsulated nanocomplexes exhibited a particle size ranging from 60 to 70 nm,display-ing a uniform distribution.Additionally,these nanocomplexes demonstrated sustained morphological and colloidal stability over 30-day storage,and after freeze-drying and subsequent redispersion processing.Furthermore,significant improvements in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the aqueous phase were observed.These redispersible nanocomplexes from phytoglycogen and zein hold the promising potential to address the limitations and offer practical solutions for expanding their applications in the pharmaceutical and food fields.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82274506)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.:2022M721128)+6 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan,China(Grant No.:2021RC4035)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,China(Grant No.:2023JJ40477)the Open-competing Disciple Construction Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine(HNUCM),China(Grant No.:22JBZ003)was financially supported by the Furong Distinguished Scholar Program of Hunan,China(Program No.:XJT[2020]58)the 121 Training Project for Innovative Talents of Hunan,China(Project No.:XRSH[2019]192)the Chinese Academy of Engineering Academician Liang Liu's Workstation Project,China(Project No.:KH[2023]3-23YS001)the World First-class Discipline Incubation Project of HNUCM,China(Project No.:XJF[2022]57)。
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and excessive proliferation of the synovium.Currently,treatment options focus on either reducing inflammation or inhibiting synovial hyperplasia.However,these modalities are unsatisfactory in achieving the desired therapeutic outcomes.Halofuginone hydrobromide(HF),an herbal active ingredient,has demonstrated pharmacological effects of both anti-inflammation and inhibition of synovial hyperplasia proliferation.However,HF's medical efficacy is limited due to its poor water solubility,short half-life(t_(1/2)),and non-target toxicity.In the current study,by using the advantages of nanotechnology,we presented a novel dual-targeted nanocomplex,termed HA-M@P@HF NPs,which consisted of a hyaluronic acid(HA)-modified hybrid membrane(M)-camouflaged poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)nanosystem for HF delivery.These nanocomplexes not only overcame the limitations of HF but also achieved simultaneous targeting of inflammatory macrophages and human fibroblast-like synoviocytes-RA(HFLS-RA).In vivo experiments demonstrated that these nanocomplexes effectively suppressed immune-mediated inflammation and synovial hyperplasia,safeguarding against bone destruction in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis(AIA).Remarkable anti-arthritic effects of these nanocomplexes were accomplished through promoting repolarization of M1-to-M2 macrophages and apoptosis of HFLS-RA,thereby offering a promising therapeutic strategy for RA.
基金funded by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Number 2019RC031]National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Number 31460407].
文摘In this study,intelligent,pH-responsive colorimetric films were prepared by encapsulating anthocyanins in nanocomplexes prepared from glutenin and carboxymethyl chitosan.These nanocomplexes were added to a corn starch matrix and used in the freshness monitoring of chilled pork.The effects of anthocyanin-loaded nanocomplexes on the physical,structural,and functional characteristics of the films were investigated.The addition of anthocyanin-loaded nanocomplexes increased the tensile strength,elongation at break,hydrophobicity,and light transmittance of the films while decreasing their water vapor permeability.This is because new hydrogen bonds are formed between the film components,resulting in a more homogeneous and dense structure.The colorimetric film has a significant color response to pH changes.These films were used in experiments on the freshness of chilled pork,in which the pH changes with changing freshness states.The results show that the colorimetric film can monitor changes in the freshness of chilled pork in real time,where orange,pink,and green represent the fresh,secondary fresh,and putrefied states of pork,respectively.Therefore,the intelligent colorimetric film developed in this study has good application potential in the food industry.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460566 and 22478172)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20242BAB26103)+2 种基金the Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources,Nanchang University(SKLF-ZZB-202331)Jiangxi Provincial Finance Science and Technology Special"Contract System"Demonstration Project(ZBG20230418035)Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality(2024SSY04192).
文摘In this study,the potato protein(PP)-pectin(PC)nanoparticles were constructed to encapsulate ferulic acid(FA).The effects of FA additive amount,addition order and pH value on the properties of PP-FA-PC/PP-PC-FA nanocomplexes were investigated.It was found that when the mass ratio of PP to FA was 25:1,the PP-FA-PC nanocomplex had the smallest particle size,turbidity and the highest FA encapsulation efficiency.At pH 5.0,the addition order of FA had an effect on the properties of the nanocomplexes,and the formed nanocomplexes had larger particle size,higher turbidity and better encapsulation efficiency than the nanocomplexes formed at pH 7.0.Additionally,the nanocomplexes formed at pH 5.0 also possessed lower ABTS+and DPPH free radical scavenging rates,indicating that FA was successfully encapsulated by PP-PC nanoparticles.The results of Zaverage diameter and fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed PP-FA-PC nanocomplex at pH 5.0 encapsulated FA based on hydrogen bonding,hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.The scanning electron microscopy showed that the PP-FA-PC nanocomplex exhibited irregular and segregated small particles at pH 5.0.Moreover,the PP-FA-PC nanocomplexes at pH 5.0 had the best encapsulation ability and protection effect on FA,and the environmental stability was the best.The release rate of FA loaded by PP-PC nanoparticles was greatly reduced in simulated gastric fluid,while increased in simulated intestinal fluid compared to free FA.This study may provide valuable information for PP-PC nanoparticles as a food-grade delivery system,signifying the potential application in the health food industry.
文摘The authors regret the inadvertent error was found in Fig.7 where the merged rows of the images were reversed due to carelessness and negligence.The corrected Fig.7 is presented below.The authors confirm that this correction does not affect the conclusion of the study.
文摘The authors regret the inadvertent error was found in Fig.7 where the merged rows of the images were reversed due to carelessness and negligence.The corrected Fig.7 is presented below.The authors confirm that this correction does not affect the conclusion of the study.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272151,82173766,and 82204318)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC2203083)Shenyang Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Program (RC220389)。
文摘Forming electrostatic nanocomplexes(ENCs)with counter-ions can improve the delivery efficiency of chemotherapy drugs.However,water-soluble chemotherapy drugs like mitoxantrone(MTO),have limited affinity for counter-ions,posing challenges in the creation of stable ENCs.Herein,MTO was connected to fatty alcohols of varying chain lengths(C8,C12,C16)via disulfide bonds,forming hydrophobic prodrugs.We found that conjugating MTO to fatty alcohols significantly improved its affinity for the counter-ion sodium cholesterol sulfate(SCS).Among the designed prodrugs,conjugated to fatty alcohols with longer carbon chain lengths exhibited heightened affinity for SCS,resulting in the formation of more stable ENCs.However,extending the carbon chain also slowed the rate of drug release.Overall,compared with MTO solution,these ENCs demonstrated comparable therapeutic efficacy while causing minimal damage to healthy tissues,especially for MTO-SS-C16 ENCs.Our research provides new insights for constructing stable and safe ENCs for hydrophilic drugs like MTO.
文摘Curcumin, commonly used as a coloring agent as well as food additive, has exhibited great therapeutic efficacy for development of functional foods. In order to expand its applications in food, strategies are needed to tackle the poor water-solubility, bioavailability and bioaccessibility of curcumin. Nanoparticles made from individual biomaterials such as proteins, polysaccharides and lipids have been introduced and their properties have been comprehensively studied. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in nanocomplexes made from two or more biomaterials because of their ability to composite the advantages of various components. This review has specific focus on the nanocomplexes fabricated from proteins and polysaccharides. First, complexation methods with or without chemical covalent bond formation are summarized, while different methods with different degrees of complexation are discussed. The encapsulation strategies of curcumin, both traditional and newly invented, are also compared. Then, the structure and physicochemical properties of the resulting binary or ternary nanocomplexes are discussed in detail, as well as a comparison of the delivery efficiency. Last but not least, the current limitations and future directions in the development of curcumin-loaded biopolymer nanoparticles for the design of future food products are presented.
文摘Pterostilbene(PTS)has received considerable attention in recent years because of its beneficial effects on health;however,its poor solubility hinders its application in the food industry.This study aimed to prepare and characterise three types of proteins(whey protein isolate(WPI),soybean protein isolate(SPI),and flaxseed protein isolate(FPI))conjugates of PTS,which could improve its solubility and stability.The results showed that the spherical particles of the protein-based nano-complexes were dissociated and homogenous.Proteins bound to PTS mainly through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding,and PTS in proteins existed in an amorphous state.FPI conferred PTS with better thermal stability than WPI and SPI.Further coating of FPI-PTS with soybean polysaccharide and maltodextrin yielded a more stable nanocomplex structure.The prepared nanocomplex powder exhibited better thermal,illumination,and storage stabilities than FPI-PTS.This study provides guidelines for the potential application of protein-based nano-complexes in functional foods.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82322015,82171006)Sichuan Province Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2022JDTD0021)+3 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022NSFSC0002)West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University(No.RCDWJS2024-3)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2023NSFSC1706,2024NSFSC1589)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.BX20220220)。
文摘Osteogenic ability impairment and myelosuppression are common complications of chemotherapy and many chemotherapeutics can affect the skeletal system.Skeletal system protection is necessary for cancer chemotherapy.In this study,osteogenic growth peptide(OGP)and tetrahedral framework nucleic-acid nanostructures(tFNAs)are combined to form a peptide-DNA complex OGP-tFNAs,which aims to combine the positive biological effect on tissue protection and regeneration.The bone marrow protection and bone formation effect of OGP-tFNAs are investigated in chemotherapy-induced myelosuppressive mice.The results show that OGP-tFNAs could reduce the cell damage degree from 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)in vitro and maintained the osteogenic differentiation potential.Furthermore,OGP-tFNAs accelerate bone defect regeneration in myelosuppressive mice.In conclusion,OGP-tFNAs could protect the osteogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)from 5-FU injury and maintain the bone formation ability of myelosuppressive mice suffering from chemotherapy.
基金supported by funds from the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.82104110)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210691)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No.XPT82104110)the College Students’innovation and entrepreneurship training program(Nos.202410315118Y,202510315037).
文摘Diabetic ulcers(DUs),a severe complication of diabetes,are characterized by impaired wound healing and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality.A key pathological driver is the persistent accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),which extend inflammation and tissue damage;however,appropriate therapeutic strategies to resolve NETs remain underdeveloped.We engineered a self-assembled nanocomplex,O/DNase-I,through structural and functional integration of oligomerized epigallocatechin gallate(OEGCG)and deoxyribonuclease-I(DNase-I).Its functionality was systematically evaluated in vitro and in a diabetic murine wound model using molecular and histological analyses.The O/DNase-I nanocomplex simultaneously eliminates existing NETs via DNase-I-mediated DNA hydrolysis and suppresses further NET formation through OEGCG.This synergistic action robustly cleared NETs,mitigated pro-inflammatory signaling,and critically,promoted a reparative immune microenvironment by driving M2 macrophage polarization,ultimately accelerating diabetic wound closure in vivo.This study not only validates O/DNase-I as a potent therapeutic approach for diabetic wound management but also establishes a novel supramolecular strategy for targeting dysregulated inflammation,with broad potential applications in other NET-associated pathologies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51901206,51822104)the Training Program of Major Basic Research Project of Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2017B030308001).
文摘MXenes have attracted great interest in various fields,and pillared MXenes open a new path with larger interlayer spacing.However,the further study of pillared MXenes is blocked at multilayered state due to serious restacking phenomenon of few-layered MXene nanosheets.In this work,for the first time,we designed a facile NH4+method to fundamentally solve the restacking issues of MXene nanosheets and succeeded in achieving pillared few-layered MXene.Sn nanocomplex pillared few-layered Ti3C2Tx(STCT)composites were synthesized by introducing atomic Sn nanocomplex into interlayer of pillared few-layered Ti3C2Tx MXenes via pillaring technique.The MXene matrix can inhibit Sn nanocomplex particles agglomeration and serve as conductive network.Meanwhile,the Sn nanocomplex particles can further open the interlayer spacing of Ti3C2Tx during lithiation/delithiation processes and therefore generate extra capacity.Benefiting from the“pillar effect,”the STCT composites can maintain 1016 mAh g^?1 after 1200 cycles at 2000 mA g^?1 and deliver a stable capacity of 680 mAh g^?1 at 5 A g^?1,showing one of the best performances among MXene-based composites.This work will provide a new way for the development of pillared MXenes and their energy storage due to significant breakthrough from multilayered state to few-layered one.
基金supported Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.520002^*172210381)。
文摘We herein propose a co-delivery approach where small interference RNA(siRNA)and anticancer chemotherapeutic drug are simultaneously loaded into a single delivery carrier for the combined treatment of breast cancer and metastasis prevention.The co-delivery vector is composed of chondroitin sulfate(CS)-coatedβ-cyclodextrin-polyethylenemine polymer,which is capable of loading paclitaxel(PTX)and siRNA simultaneously to form therapeutic nanocomplexes.The nanocomplex,termed as CPPTX-siCD146-CS,is demonstrated to have strong active targeting ability towards CD44-overexpresing breast cancer cells.Moreover,the co-delivery of PTX and siRNA not only effectively inhibits cancer cells proliferation and induces apoptosis,but also well prevents metastasis.Importantly,CP-PTX-siCD146-CS nanocomplexes exhibit stronger cytotoxic effects and anti-metastatic effects on MBA-MD-231 breast cancer cells,in comparison with PTX or siCD146 mono-treatment.The current study defines a potential therapeutic strategy for the combined breast cancer treatment and metastasis prevention from a codelivery perspective.
基金supported by the Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (No. 2021JJLH0037)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province (No. tsqn202211065)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82003673)Yangcheng Scholars Research Project of Guangzhou (No. 20183197)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan (No. 201901010170)
文摘The application of nanotechnologies in formulation has significantly promoted the development of modern medical and pharmacological science, especially for nanoparticle-based drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics. The advancement of engineering particle design and fabrication is largely supported by a better understanding of how their apparent characteristics(e.g., size and size distribution, surface morphology, colloidal stability, chemical composition) influence their in vivo biological performance, which raises an urgent need for practical nanoformulation methods. Based on turbulent flow mixing and the self-assembly of molecules in fluids, flash technologies emerged as effective bottom-up fabrication strategies for effective nanoformulation. Among the flash technology family, flash nanocomplexation(FNC) is considered a novel and promising candidate that can promote and optimize formulation processes in a precise spatiotemporal manner, thus obtaining excellent fabrication efficiency, reproducibility and expandability. This review presents an overview of recent advances in fabricating drug-delivery nanoparticles using FNC platforms. Firstly, brief introductions to the basic principles of FNC technology were carried out, followed by descriptions of turbulent microvolume mixers that have significantly promoted the efficiency of FNC-based fabrications. Applications of real formulation cases were then categorized according to the self-assembly-driven interactions(including electrostatic interaction, coordination interaction,hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction) and discussed to reveal the progressiveness of fabricating nanoparticles and discuss how its flexibility will provide advances and replenish the philosophy of nanomedicine formulation. In the end, the commercial potential, current limitations, and prospects of FNC technology for nanoformulation will be summarized and discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32271388)。
文摘Mesoporous titanium nanoparticles(MTNs) have emerged as an important porous semiconductor owning to their large surface area and unique electronic/optical properties. However, the fundamental research for rational manufacturing MTNs in a highly scalable manner remains a challenge. In this study, we report a two-step flash nanocomplexation(FNC) approach to large-scalable generate MTNs through the sequential combination of two multi-inlet vortex mixers. By optimizing the concentrated titanium precursor,polyethylene glycol(PEG)-functionalized silane amount and p H, we have been able to produce MTNs with small particle size(31.5 nm), larger surface area(416.9 m^(2)/g) and pore volume(0.59 cm^(3)/g). Different from the traditional MTNs bulk, FNC-produced MTNs exhibited well-controlled manner and exceptional photocatalytic and antibacterial properties. Importantly, the optimized MTNs outperformed commercial P25 not only in protecting ultraviolet A(UVA)-exposed skin, but also in treating P. aeruginosa-infected wound. We believe that the high controllability and scalability of sequential flash nanocomplexation method offers great opportunities in enhancing the performance of mesoporous titanium nanoparticles.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277070,22274091,22007061)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Nos.20210302123445,202403021211019)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.202304051001002)Key Laboratory of Photochemical Functional Molecules in Shanxi ProvinceCentral and Local Scientific and Technological Foundation(No.Z135050009017)。
文摘In this work,the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing(SOCT-ISC)mechanism is introduced into the near-infrared and highly photon-capturing heptamethine cyanine(Cy7)class to construct photosensitizer(PS)for photodynamic therapy(PDT)of tumor.The target PS AN-Cy7 shows an obviously improved singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))quantum yield than the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved indocyanine green(ICG)under 750 nm low-power photoirradiation(30 mW/cm^(2))while retaining strong fluorescence at~805 nm.Importantly,the PS forms a 2:1 dye-human serum albumin(HSA)nanocomplex,ensuring its strong accumulation and retention at tumor site(up to five days)post intravenous injection.After a single PDT treatment,the nanocomplex almost completely ablates primary tumor while triggering an antitumor immune response to suppress the growth of distant tumors.Overall,the nanocomplex overcomes many shortcomings of clinically used PSs,thus being promising for future clinical translation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276078,32302066)Research Program of State Key Labora-tory of Food Science and Resources,Jiangnan University(No.SKLF-ZZB-202406)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731337)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230986).
文摘1-Octacosanol(1-Octa)is recognized worldwide as a functional anti-fatigue agent with additional antiinflammatory and energy-boosting benefits.However,it has low bioavailability owing to the poor water solubility and instability in the gastrointestinal tract;this limits its use in food,medical,and health care products.To address this,we aimed to prepare a water-soluble octenyl succinate anhydride debranched starch(OSD)-Octa complex and investigate the effects of degree of substitution of OSD and reaction temperature on the drug loading,structure,and water solubility of the complex.The contact angle of free 1-Octa was 110.3°,which decreased to<55°in the complex,and the solubility of 1-Octa in the complex ranged from 0.329±0.008 to 1.532±0.023 mg/mL,which indicated a notable increase in the aqueous solubility of 1-Octa.Furthermore,1-Octa was found to penetrate the amylose helical cavity of OSD and form exohydrophilic and endohydrophobic nanoparticles with OSD through hydrophobic interaction.Finally,OSD-Octa effectively mitigated the degradation of 1-Octa under extreme pH conditions and in the presence of digestive enzymes compared to that of free 1-Octa.These findings suggest that the OSD system is an effective approach to enhancing the solubility and stability of hydrophobic functional factors.
基金.The authors also thank M.S.Kyungwoo Lee for his illustration and Dr.Seung Ja Oh,Dr.Hong Yeol Yoon and Yuna Cheon for their fruitful discussions on this work.
文摘Current cancer immunotherapies exhibit low response rates attributed to suppressive tumor immune microen-vironments(TIMEs).To address these unfavorable TIMEs,supplementation with tumor-associated antigens and stimulation of immune cells at target sites are indispensable for eliciting anti-tumoral immune responses.Pre-vious research has explored the induction of immunotherapy through multiple injections and implants;however,these approaches lack consideration for patient convenience and the implementation of finely tunable immune response control systems to mitigate the side effects of over-inflammatory responses,such as cytokine storms.In this context,we describe a patient-centric nano-gel-nano system capable of sustained generation of tumorassociated antigens and release of adjuvants.This is achieved through the specific delivery of drugs to cancer cells and antigens/adjuvants to immune cells over the long term,maintaining proper concentrations within the tumor site with a single injection.This system demonstrates local immunity against tumors with a single in-jection,enhances the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades,and induces systemic and memory T cell responses,thus minimizing systemic side effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[52073216 and 51773130].
文摘Immune checkpoint blockade therapy provides a new strategy for tumor treatment;however,the insufficient infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment lead to unsatisfied effects.Herein,we reported a lipid/PLGA nanocomplex(RDCM)co-loaded with the photosensitizer Ce6 and the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)inhibitor 1MT to improve immunotherapy of colon cancer.Arginine–glycine–aspartic acid(RGD)as the targeting moiety was conjugated on 1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine lipid via polyethylene glycol(PEG),and programmed cell death-ligand 1(PDL1)peptide inhibitor DPPA(sequence:CPLGVRGK-GGG-d(NYSKPTDRQYHF))was immobilized on the terminal group of PEG via matrix metalloproteinase 2 sensitive peptide linker.The Ce6 and 1MT were encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles.The drug loaded nanoparticles were composited with RGD and DPPA modified lipid and lecithin to form lipid/PLGA nanocomplexes.When the nanocomplexes were delivered to tumor,DPPA was released by the cleavage of a matrix metalloproteinase 2-sensitive peptide linker for PD-L1 binding.RGD facilitated the cellular internalization of nanocomplexes via avβ3 integrin.Strong immunogenic cell death was induced by 1 O2 generated from Ce6 irradiation under 660 nm laser.1MT inhibited the activity of IDO and reduced the inhibition of cytotoxic T cells caused by kynurenine accumulation in the tumor microenvironment.The RDCM facilitated the maturation of dendritic cells,inhibited the activity of IDO,and markedly recruited the proportion of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells in CT26 tumor-bearing mice,triggering a robust immunological memory effect,thus effectively preventing tumor metastasis.The results indicated that the RDCM with dual IDO and PD-L1 inhibition effects is a promising platform for targeted photoimmunotherapy of colon cancer.
基金supported by Department of Chemistry,College of Science,Mustansiriyah University.
文摘Three nanocomplexes of Cu(II),Co(II),and Ni(II)with theophylline were synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method.This method was used to produce smaller and narrow-distributed nanoparticles without any aggregations.Melting point,molar conductivity,solubility,flame atomic absorption,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and elemental analysis(C,H,N,and S)were used to identify and to suggest the structure of the synthesized nanocomplexes.The transmission electron microscopy(TEM)results exhibited that the size of nanocomplexes was in the range of 15-25 nm.The efficacy of the synthesized nanocomplexes was examined against four types of bacterial strains,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis(gram-positive bacteria),and Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia Coli(gram-negative bacteria).The results showed that all nanocomplexes had very high susceptibility to inhibit bacterial growth,as they resulted in an inhibition zone between 98%and 100%.The copper nanocomplex gave the highest inhibition zone by 100%for each type of bacterial strains,due to the surface plasmon.Therefore,a further test for the copper nanocomplex Cu(THP)2(H2O)2(Cl)2 was carried out on skin injuries of laboratory mice after it was converted into cream with vaseline and was found to have a very potent influence in healing skin injuries.
