Vegetation is crucial to ecosystems,thus,detecting and assessing changes in vegetation cover are receiving increasing attention.In this study,we combine remote sensing data and geographic information systems to assess...Vegetation is crucial to ecosystems,thus,detecting and assessing changes in vegetation cover are receiving increasing attention.In this study,we combine remote sensing data and geographic information systems to assess vegetation cover changes in Da Nang city,Vietnam,between 1988 and 2022.Remote sensing images for the years 1988,2000,and 2010 were obtained from Landsat 5-TM satellite data,and imagery for 2022 was obtained from Landsat 9-OLI/TIRS satellite data.In each satellite scene,we used supervised classification and spectral indices(NDWI-Normalized Difference Water Index,NDVI-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,and SAVI-Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index)to classify land cover and assess vegetation cover.The land cover analysis revealed a significant decrease in vegetation cover and a significant increase in built-up land.The built-up land area increase of 120.12 km^(2)(12.25%)negatively impacted the area of vegetation,causing this land cover class to decrease by 97.69 km^(2)(9.96%)in 2022 compared to 1988.Overall,NDVI provides better estimates of vegetation cover variation than SAVI.The findings of this study can support planners in developing appropriate strategies to maintain ecological balance and prevent vegetation loss.展开更多
The planning and treatment of wastewater discharged into rivers and seas is vital for tourism,domestic water supply,and other key sectors.This study used the MIKE 21 model to evaluate water quality trends and the assi...The planning and treatment of wastewater discharged into rivers and seas is vital for tourism,domestic water supply,and other key sectors.This study used the MIKE 21 model to evaluate water quality trends and the assimilative capacity of the Vu Gia River estuary and the major reservoirs in Da Nang,considering future pollution loads and climate change scenarios(RCP8.5).Key parameters assessed include DO,BOD_(5),COD,and Coliform.Results show a general decline in water quality(WQI)from 2019 to 2030 and again by 2070,with DO and BOD_(5)contributing most to pollution.While COD and Coliform remained within acceptable limits(WQI>75),the Phu Loc River had the lowest WQI(66.0–62.2).Other affected areas include the Han River(downstream and upstream)and the Cu De River.Reservoirs like Dong Nghe and Hoa Trung maintained better water quality(WQI>80),though a downward trend was still observed.展开更多
Phytoremediation is a cheap and environmentally friendly technique in which green plants in situ are used to clean the soil, sediments and water of heavy metals. This study investigated the phytoremediation potential ...Phytoremediation is a cheap and environmentally friendly technique in which green plants in situ are used to clean the soil, sediments and water of heavy metals. This study investigated the phytoremediation potential of six naturally occurring macrophytes from Nange (a stream in Buea municipality where cars have been driven into and washed for over 20 years). Plant samples were collected before and after car wash, then analysed for copper, zinc, lead and cadmium accumulation. There was an increase in concentration of all the four heavy metals in water after carwash point, with Zn having the highest concentration (0.27 mg/L). Mean concentration of the heavy metals in the water showed that Zn and Pb had the highest concentrations (0.24 mg/L each) while the least concentration was obtained in Cu (0.12 mg/kg). Heavy metal concentrations in the sediments were higher after car wash point than before. Cadmium had the highest concentration (5.58 mg/kg) while Cu had the least (0.75 mg/kg). <em>Ludwigia peruviana</em> had the highest BAFs for all the heavy metals (22.95 for Cu, 33.41 for Zn, 21.79 for Pb and 7.85 for Cd). Species with the leasts were: <em>Anubias barteri</em> for Cu (7.16), <em>Polygonum persicaria</em> for Zn (14.28), <em>Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum</em> for Pb (11.60) and <em>Vallisneria spiralis</em> for Cd (1.98). <em>L. peruviana</em> had the highest BAC values (Cu = 10.11, Zn = 14.73, Pb = 11.39, Cd = 3.85) and BCF values (Cu = 12.84, Zn = 18.67, Pb = 10.40, Cd = 4.00). <em>A. barteri</em> had the highest TF (Cu = 1.49, Zn = 1.27, Cd = 1.99) except for Pb where both <em>A. barteri </em>and <em>L. peruviana</em> each had a TF of 1.10. While all the six plants were found to be good accumulators of the heavy metals, <em>L. peruviana</em> showed remarkable efficiency indicating that the species is a good candidate for cleaning such environments.展开更多
This study aims to understand the attention behaviors of users along street space in a Vietnamese city.Based on CEMs(capture evaluation method survey)and data processing using CA(correspondence analysis)and clustering...This study aims to understand the attention behaviors of users along street space in a Vietnamese city.Based on CEMs(capture evaluation method survey)and data processing using CA(correspondence analysis)and clustering data collection using,the street spaces are categorized into three groups.Each group has its own representative characteristics related to how people within the group pay attention.The findings show that people tend to frequently pay attention to eight fundamental elements out of the 88 elements recorded while participating in the street space.User assessment identified the elements of impact in descending order from highest in following:Sidewalks>building>trading activities&shop>garbage>street>greenery>trash bin>parking.The difference of user’s attention behavior and their assessment in different street groups is also revealed in detail in this paper.展开更多
To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Rong Shuan Jiao Nang(RSJN)on treatment of acute mountain sickness(AMS)and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in workers in Yushu,three groups were studied:group A(60 pati...To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Rong Shuan Jiao Nang(RSJN)on treatment of acute mountain sickness(AMS)and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in workers in Yushu,three groups were studied:group A(60 patients with AMS,given RSJN),group B(15 patients with altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome,given RSJN),and group C(control,without drugs).All studied subjects were lowland workers who were first time entry to Yushu for work at an altitude of 4250 m.During the course of treatment,a routing physical examina-tion was performed,AMS Lake Louise Scores were estimated,arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2),electrocardiography and hemoglobin concentration were measured before and after using RSJN for 10 days.In group A,the effective rate was 68%,symptomatic improvement in 54 cases(90%)within 5 days.In group B,the effective rate was 93%,episodes of angina pectoris stopped in 12 patients within 3-7 days,one lasted 8 days.After treatment,the level of SaO2 increased 15.5%,21.8%and 5.6%in group A,group B and group C,respectively.RSJN tak-en at the start of the arrival at Yushu can decrease AMS scores and facilitate cure.If taken after the illness has begun,RSJN may help lessen symptoms,especially effectively improved angina pectoris of the high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome.Symptoms usually subside after 3-8 days.RSJN should be continually used lbr at least 7 days after ascent.展开更多
There are three different opinions of the first sentence from Qin Nang Ao Yu (青囊奥语), which was written by Yang Jun-song (杨筠松). They are “Kun Ren Yi (坤壬乙) should start from the star Ju Men (巨门)”;“Kun Ren...There are three different opinions of the first sentence from Qin Nang Ao Yu (青囊奥语), which was written by Yang Jun-song (杨筠松). They are “Kun Ren Yi (坤壬乙) should start from the star Ju Men (巨门)”;“Kun Ren Yi should start from the star Wen Qu (文曲)” and “Kun Ren Yi should start from both the star Lian Zhen and the star Ju Men (Lian Ju (廉巨))”. Because of the sectarianism,though the people were at odds with the opinions, we cannot find out any comprehensive and objective study on these. According to the analysis of some relevant literatures, it can be seen that there are two viewpoints nowadays. One of the viewpoints deemed that the first sentence was falsified by Jiang Da-hong (蒋大鸿), and another one deemed that was falsified by Zhang Shou-qi (张受祺). But neither of the view was credible. More precisely is that “Wen Qu” and “Ju Men” were both found in the publications simultaneously, and there were more “Wen Qu”, during the period of the end of the Ming Dynasty and the era of the emperors Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The influence of “Ju Meg” was gradually spread when Jiang Da-hong used it in his book and also Si Ku Quan Shu (四库全书) cited it, then let to more pithy formulas of “Ju Men” to be used now. And the “Lian Ju” was rare to be used except Duan Mu Guo-hu (端木国瑚) who used to use it. The way of interpretation is so multiple and complex on the “Wen Qu” and “Ju Men” from the Qin Nang Ao Yu, according to the perspective of Feng Shui, which is reflecting the pluralism and uncertainty of the interpretation of the traditional Feng Shui. And it is still need to be required a further more careful consideration on how to treat the studies of the traditional Feng Shui for the nowadays scholars.展开更多
The provision of open space is seen as a feasible solution in mitigating the challenges of urbanization,which accomm odates the daily leisure activities of residents and contributes to sustainable developm ent.This st...The provision of open space is seen as a feasible solution in mitigating the challenges of urbanization,which accomm odates the daily leisure activities of residents and contributes to sustainable developm ent.This study aims at understanding how users perceive open space in 29-3 Park in Da Nang,Vietnam.This understanding may help to adopt a better approach to development and improvements.More specifically,it focuses on identifying roles and attributes of the space and determ ining those elements which affect how users of the space gather,based on their perspective.Residents,behaviour param eters were identified and classified based on activities that occurred in this space,and were collected using a behavioural mapping survey method.The analysis of 20 in-depth interviews,and 287 question naires,show existing problems that need to be improved and detail 11 physical factors that have potential to impact on users'satisfaction.These results may have the potential to play an im portant role in assisting designers and administrators to create successful open space in urban areas of Vietnam or other developing countries in the future.展开更多
Human activities on street spaces are affected by both physical and non-physical settings on streets.These two aspects are primarily impacted by land use which results in the uneven distribution of different activitie...Human activities on street spaces are affected by both physical and non-physical settings on streets.These two aspects are primarily impacted by land use which results in the uneven distribution of different activities on streets.This research investigates land use patterns and their characteristics in association to user’s behaviors.By using mixed qualitative and quantitative research methods,e.g.,place-centered behavioral map,observation,visual encounter surveys,machine learning,the relationship between user’s behavior and land use characteristics along the street is unveiled.All user behaviors along both types of streets were classified into six main categories,with 26 subcategories.The observation results show that the residential use of land along the street was transformed into the commercial use for various types of shophouses based on the resident’s ideas.There is a great correlation between land use and user’s activities.These findings give support to authorities to manage urban streets and develop a sustainable policy for improving street spaces.Further,this research contributes useful information to urban designers and planners in creating a successful street space that is appropriate for the Vietnam Community.展开更多
文摘Vegetation is crucial to ecosystems,thus,detecting and assessing changes in vegetation cover are receiving increasing attention.In this study,we combine remote sensing data and geographic information systems to assess vegetation cover changes in Da Nang city,Vietnam,between 1988 and 2022.Remote sensing images for the years 1988,2000,and 2010 were obtained from Landsat 5-TM satellite data,and imagery for 2022 was obtained from Landsat 9-OLI/TIRS satellite data.In each satellite scene,we used supervised classification and spectral indices(NDWI-Normalized Difference Water Index,NDVI-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,and SAVI-Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index)to classify land cover and assess vegetation cover.The land cover analysis revealed a significant decrease in vegetation cover and a significant increase in built-up land.The built-up land area increase of 120.12 km^(2)(12.25%)negatively impacted the area of vegetation,causing this land cover class to decrease by 97.69 km^(2)(9.96%)in 2022 compared to 1988.Overall,NDVI provides better estimates of vegetation cover variation than SAVI.The findings of this study can support planners in developing appropriate strategies to maintain ecological balance and prevent vegetation loss.
文摘The planning and treatment of wastewater discharged into rivers and seas is vital for tourism,domestic water supply,and other key sectors.This study used the MIKE 21 model to evaluate water quality trends and the assimilative capacity of the Vu Gia River estuary and the major reservoirs in Da Nang,considering future pollution loads and climate change scenarios(RCP8.5).Key parameters assessed include DO,BOD_(5),COD,and Coliform.Results show a general decline in water quality(WQI)from 2019 to 2030 and again by 2070,with DO and BOD_(5)contributing most to pollution.While COD and Coliform remained within acceptable limits(WQI>75),the Phu Loc River had the lowest WQI(66.0–62.2).Other affected areas include the Han River(downstream and upstream)and the Cu De River.Reservoirs like Dong Nghe and Hoa Trung maintained better water quality(WQI>80),though a downward trend was still observed.
文摘Phytoremediation is a cheap and environmentally friendly technique in which green plants in situ are used to clean the soil, sediments and water of heavy metals. This study investigated the phytoremediation potential of six naturally occurring macrophytes from Nange (a stream in Buea municipality where cars have been driven into and washed for over 20 years). Plant samples were collected before and after car wash, then analysed for copper, zinc, lead and cadmium accumulation. There was an increase in concentration of all the four heavy metals in water after carwash point, with Zn having the highest concentration (0.27 mg/L). Mean concentration of the heavy metals in the water showed that Zn and Pb had the highest concentrations (0.24 mg/L each) while the least concentration was obtained in Cu (0.12 mg/kg). Heavy metal concentrations in the sediments were higher after car wash point than before. Cadmium had the highest concentration (5.58 mg/kg) while Cu had the least (0.75 mg/kg). <em>Ludwigia peruviana</em> had the highest BAFs for all the heavy metals (22.95 for Cu, 33.41 for Zn, 21.79 for Pb and 7.85 for Cd). Species with the leasts were: <em>Anubias barteri</em> for Cu (7.16), <em>Polygonum persicaria</em> for Zn (14.28), <em>Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum</em> for Pb (11.60) and <em>Vallisneria spiralis</em> for Cd (1.98). <em>L. peruviana</em> had the highest BAC values (Cu = 10.11, Zn = 14.73, Pb = 11.39, Cd = 3.85) and BCF values (Cu = 12.84, Zn = 18.67, Pb = 10.40, Cd = 4.00). <em>A. barteri</em> had the highest TF (Cu = 1.49, Zn = 1.27, Cd = 1.99) except for Pb where both <em>A. barteri </em>and <em>L. peruviana</em> each had a TF of 1.10. While all the six plants were found to be good accumulators of the heavy metals, <em>L. peruviana</em> showed remarkable efficiency indicating that the species is a good candidate for cleaning such environments.
文摘This study aims to understand the attention behaviors of users along street space in a Vietnamese city.Based on CEMs(capture evaluation method survey)and data processing using CA(correspondence analysis)and clustering data collection using,the street spaces are categorized into three groups.Each group has its own representative characteristics related to how people within the group pay attention.The findings show that people tend to frequently pay attention to eight fundamental elements out of the 88 elements recorded while participating in the street space.User assessment identified the elements of impact in descending order from highest in following:Sidewalks>building>trading activities&shop>garbage>street>greenery>trash bin>parking.The difference of user’s attention behavior and their assessment in different street groups is also revealed in detail in this paper.
基金"973"National Key Basic Research and Development Program(No.2012CB518202)Project of Qinghai Development of Science and Technology(No.2011-N-150)
文摘To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Rong Shuan Jiao Nang(RSJN)on treatment of acute mountain sickness(AMS)and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in workers in Yushu,three groups were studied:group A(60 patients with AMS,given RSJN),group B(15 patients with altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome,given RSJN),and group C(control,without drugs).All studied subjects were lowland workers who were first time entry to Yushu for work at an altitude of 4250 m.During the course of treatment,a routing physical examina-tion was performed,AMS Lake Louise Scores were estimated,arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2),electrocardiography and hemoglobin concentration were measured before and after using RSJN for 10 days.In group A,the effective rate was 68%,symptomatic improvement in 54 cases(90%)within 5 days.In group B,the effective rate was 93%,episodes of angina pectoris stopped in 12 patients within 3-7 days,one lasted 8 days.After treatment,the level of SaO2 increased 15.5%,21.8%and 5.6%in group A,group B and group C,respectively.RSJN tak-en at the start of the arrival at Yushu can decrease AMS scores and facilitate cure.If taken after the illness has begun,RSJN may help lessen symptoms,especially effectively improved angina pectoris of the high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome.Symptoms usually subside after 3-8 days.RSJN should be continually used lbr at least 7 days after ascent.
文摘There are three different opinions of the first sentence from Qin Nang Ao Yu (青囊奥语), which was written by Yang Jun-song (杨筠松). They are “Kun Ren Yi (坤壬乙) should start from the star Ju Men (巨门)”;“Kun Ren Yi should start from the star Wen Qu (文曲)” and “Kun Ren Yi should start from both the star Lian Zhen and the star Ju Men (Lian Ju (廉巨))”. Because of the sectarianism,though the people were at odds with the opinions, we cannot find out any comprehensive and objective study on these. According to the analysis of some relevant literatures, it can be seen that there are two viewpoints nowadays. One of the viewpoints deemed that the first sentence was falsified by Jiang Da-hong (蒋大鸿), and another one deemed that was falsified by Zhang Shou-qi (张受祺). But neither of the view was credible. More precisely is that “Wen Qu” and “Ju Men” were both found in the publications simultaneously, and there were more “Wen Qu”, during the period of the end of the Ming Dynasty and the era of the emperors Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The influence of “Ju Meg” was gradually spread when Jiang Da-hong used it in his book and also Si Ku Quan Shu (四库全书) cited it, then let to more pithy formulas of “Ju Men” to be used now. And the “Lian Ju” was rare to be used except Duan Mu Guo-hu (端木国瑚) who used to use it. The way of interpretation is so multiple and complex on the “Wen Qu” and “Ju Men” from the Qin Nang Ao Yu, according to the perspective of Feng Shui, which is reflecting the pluralism and uncertainty of the interpretation of the traditional Feng Shui. And it is still need to be required a further more careful consideration on how to treat the studies of the traditional Feng Shui for the nowadays scholars.
文摘The provision of open space is seen as a feasible solution in mitigating the challenges of urbanization,which accomm odates the daily leisure activities of residents and contributes to sustainable developm ent.This study aims at understanding how users perceive open space in 29-3 Park in Da Nang,Vietnam.This understanding may help to adopt a better approach to development and improvements.More specifically,it focuses on identifying roles and attributes of the space and determ ining those elements which affect how users of the space gather,based on their perspective.Residents,behaviour param eters were identified and classified based on activities that occurred in this space,and were collected using a behavioural mapping survey method.The analysis of 20 in-depth interviews,and 287 question naires,show existing problems that need to be improved and detail 11 physical factors that have potential to impact on users'satisfaction.These results may have the potential to play an im portant role in assisting designers and administrators to create successful open space in urban areas of Vietnam or other developing countries in the future.
文摘Human activities on street spaces are affected by both physical and non-physical settings on streets.These two aspects are primarily impacted by land use which results in the uneven distribution of different activities on streets.This research investigates land use patterns and their characteristics in association to user’s behaviors.By using mixed qualitative and quantitative research methods,e.g.,place-centered behavioral map,observation,visual encounter surveys,machine learning,the relationship between user’s behavior and land use characteristics along the street is unveiled.All user behaviors along both types of streets were classified into six main categories,with 26 subcategories.The observation results show that the residential use of land along the street was transformed into the commercial use for various types of shophouses based on the resident’s ideas.There is a great correlation between land use and user’s activities.These findings give support to authorities to manage urban streets and develop a sustainable policy for improving street spaces.Further,this research contributes useful information to urban designers and planners in creating a successful street space that is appropriate for the Vietnam Community.
