In pre-modern China,systematic records of astronomical phenomena measured by units including“zhang,”“chi,”and“cun”and records using phrases such as“as large as something”(making comparison with images取象比类)...In pre-modern China,systematic records of astronomical phenomena measured by units including“zhang,”“chi,”and“cun”and records using phrases such as“as large as something”(making comparison with images取象比类)were kept.Some of these records survive and together they constitute a“scale system”for records of astronomical phenomena.A textual model of the celestial sphere based on naked eye observations also survives.According to this model and using the conversion ratio that 1 chi equals 1 degree,the author has reconstituted the geometric meaning of the records of“zhang,”“chi,”and“cun,”while records that use a comparison with a certain object have been converted to their apparent diameters or magnitudes.Finally,these two records are integrated into one system.Through an analysis of the origin of the chi system,the author obtains the result that the radius of the celestial sphere when the ancients observed the sky with the naked eye was about 13 meters.The paper supports this conclusion from various perspectives,including psychological factors,the radius of planetariums,and the nautical Method of Reckoning by the Stars.As naked eye observers always regard the vault of heaven as a plane hemisphere,they have a common false impression in their minds;the pre-modern observational data therefore contains some systematic errors.Under different illumination and weather conditions,the vault of heaven is plane in varying degrees,for which the author has defined“the angle of apparent plane degree”视扁度角.To correct the visual errors,the author has devised a series of calculation tables for daytime,nighttime,cloudy days,clear days,moonlit nights,and moonless nights,to convert the apparent heights or sizes of celestial bodies to the true heights or sizes.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application of plan–do–check–action(PDCA)cycle in the management of the naked medicine dispensing about the automatic package and to analyze the practice improved in the quality of naked me...Objective:To explore the application of plan–do–check–action(PDCA)cycle in the management of the naked medicine dispensing about the automatic package and to analyze the practice improved in the quality of naked medicine dispensing medicine management.Methods:The PDCA theory was used to analyze the data,to find out the causes of the problem,and to formulate the corresponding countermeasures to intervene.The data of the naked medicine/adverse drug events satisfaction degree of the inpatients in 18 inpatient departments given for the adoption of PDCA cycle in January 2017 were set as the observation group.The number of the naked medicine/adverse drug events satisfaction degree of patients in 18 inpatient departments before adoption of PDCA cycle in December 2016 was set as the control group.The number of the naked medicine/adverse drug events satisfaction degree of patients in 18 inpatient departments before and after adoption of PDCA cycle was observed and analyzed.Results:The number of the naked medicine/adverse drug events after implementing the method of PDCA cycle management rate was significantly lower than before the implementation method of PDCA cycle management,and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).The satisfaction degree of the inpatients after implementing the method of PDCA cycle management rate was significantly higher than that before the implementation method of PDCA cycle management,and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion:Application of PDCA cycle in the management of the naked medicine dispensing about the automatic package can help to reduce the adverse drug events,to improve the safety of drug treatment,and to increase the patients’satisfaction degree.展开更多
Peeled naked oat kernels, named “oat rice” (OR) by Chinese food scientists and processors, are novel oat products in China. This study exam-ined the effects of steaming and roasting treat-ments on the enzyme activit...Peeled naked oat kernels, named “oat rice” (OR) by Chinese food scientists and processors, are novel oat products in China. This study exam-ined the effects of steaming and roasting treat-ments on the enzyme activities, nutritional con-tents, and flour pasting properties of OR kernels. Results showed that a peeling time of 20 s caused 16.13% β-glucan loss, while a peeling time 25 s caused 34.29% β-glucan loss in the kernels. OR kernels with a 20 s peeling treatment demonstrated significantly higher starch levels and kernel whiteness compared with normal oat kernels (P<0.01). It was also found that normal pressure steaming, autoclaved steaming and infrared roasting treatments could exterminate lipase activities in the OR kernels, and provide the OR kernels with significantly lower final viscosities and setback values than normal kernels (P<0.01).展开更多
This research reported the effect of peeling naked oats with a peeling machine equipped with the flexible alloy blade.Results showed that the flexible alloy blade could achieve the same effect as traditional abrasive ...This research reported the effect of peeling naked oats with a peeling machine equipped with the flexible alloy blade.Results showed that the flexible alloy blade could achieve the same effect as traditional abrasive rolls. Furthermore, the new peeling method had hardly damage to the oat kernels. The result of scanning electron microscopy indicated the surface of peeled naked oats by the flexible alloy blade is homogeneous. The gap between the flexible alloy blade and the slotted screen could change the particle sizes of the flours obtained, which differed from traditional peeling machines. In addition, peeling for 15 seconds significantly reduced the microbial contaminants. The removal of outer layer decreased the lipase activity. The technological parameters were optimized by orthogonal L_9(3~4) test, the results showed a 30 s peeling time and 2% second-addition of water contributed to the peeling rate. The texture analysis demonstrate that the hardness of cooked groats decreases obviously after peeling treatments.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of isolation of subordinate naked mole rats from natal colonies on their reproductive success. Naked mole rat is one of the known mammals that exhibit eusociality. It has been noted...This study investigated the effects of isolation of subordinate naked mole rats from natal colonies on their reproductive success. Naked mole rat is one of the known mammals that exhibit eusociality. It has been noted that naked mole rats have their reproduction restricted to one queen and less than three males;the rest of the animals within the colony remain sterile. The study aimed at establishing whether the reproductive suppression in subordinate naked mole rats is the outcome of social stress exerted by breeding female in the colony or other unknown environmental factors within the colony set-up. Experimental period was 20 weeks and it involved two stages, acclimatization and isolation. Before acclimation, 2 female subordinate naked mole rats were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and appropriately preserved for later analysis. On the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks of acclimatization, 2 female mole rats were sacrificed at each stage and blood samples were harvested for analysis. On week 7, eighteen subordinate females were isolated and randomly assigned into two groups of 9 animals each in two separate cages for 14 weeks. One week 8, 2 subordinate females from each group were randomly selected, sacrificed and blood samples collected for analysis. The same procedure was repeated on week 12 and 20 of study. Hormonal analysis was done using ELISA technique. The Statistical analysis done using student t-test at 95% confidence level and significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results showed increase in cortisol levels only in singly isolated females which were the greatest on week 8 (from 35.5 ng/ml to 123.4 ng/ml). Mean estradiol in singly isolated females was 18 ± 2.52 pg/ml while females paired with males had 19.0 ± 3.0 pg/ml hence no significant difference (paired t = -1.73, P = 0.23). Conclusively, the observed reproductive suppression among subordinate naked mole rats in natal colonies is probably due to presence of queen or other reproductive aspects that may not be directly related to stress.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to resolve the problem of low transportation efficiency of seedlings,vulnerability of seedling trays and difficulty of recycling.[Method]Naked seedlings were transported with trays and frames t...[Objective] The aim was to resolve the problem of low transportation efficiency of seedlings,vulnerability of seedling trays and difficulty of recycling.[Method]Naked seedlings were transported with trays and frames to improve transportation and transplanting efficiency.[Result] The transportation of naked seedlings would effectively reduce transportation cost and improve transportation and transplanting efficiency of tobacco seedlings.[Conclusion] The transportation of naked seedlings is suitable to be applied in the region with professional transplanting.展开更多
As to the theme of human nature, there are many scholars and critics approaching The naked and the dead from different perspectives. This paper aims to analyze this theme from the writer＇s skills in manipulating lang...As to the theme of human nature, there are many scholars and critics approaching The naked and the dead from different perspectives. This paper aims to analyze this theme from the writer＇s skills in manipulating language, presenting his characters＇ true states of mind. In the novel, Mailer skillfully chooses words and sentences with connotations to expose their human nature. With his choice of words, Mailer further molds his characters, investing them with the richest personalities. By the choice of words, Norman Mailer displays the richest personalities in his characters, disclosing the degeneration of human beings.展开更多
It is widely accepted that eye is a high-frequency word in English,and one of the stronger collocations is naked eye.In order to research the usage of naked eye,a concordance line of naked eye is selected from corpus ...It is widely accepted that eye is a high-frequency word in English,and one of the stronger collocations is naked eye.In order to research the usage of naked eye,a concordance line of naked eye is selected from corpus evidence.The collocation,meaning,attitude words and larger variable expression of naked eye are mainly examined with the purpose of better studying the usage of naked eye.展开更多
We have studied the images of the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetime with a dimensionless Brans-Dicke parameterω,which belongs to axisymmetric rotating solutions in the Brans-Dicke theory.Our results show that the Brans-Dick...We have studied the images of the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetime with a dimensionless Brans-Dicke parameterω,which belongs to axisymmetric rotating solutions in the Brans-Dicke theory.Our results show that the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetime with the parameterω>-3/2 represents naked singularities with distinct structures.For the case with a≤M,the shadow in the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetime persists,gradually becomes flatter and smaller asωdecreases.Especially whenω<1/2,the shadow in the image exhibits a very special"jellyfish"shape and possesses a self-similar fractal structure.For the case with a>M,a distinct gray region consisting of two separate patches appears in the image observed by equatorial observers.This indicating that the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetime can be distinguished from the Kerr and Kerr-de Sitter cases based on its image.These effects of the Brans-Dicke parameter could help us to reveal the intrinsic structure of the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetimes and provide a foundation for testing Brans-Dicke theory through future high-precision observations.展开更多
Unregulated naked selling of virtual power plants(VPPs)in day-ahead markets poses inherent risks to grid security and market fairness.This paper proposes a joint electricityreserve trading model for VPPs as a strategi...Unregulated naked selling of virtual power plants(VPPs)in day-ahead markets poses inherent risks to grid security and market fairness.This paper proposes a joint electricityreserve trading model for VPPs as a strategic measure to mitigate the negative impacts of naked selling.This model systematically evaluates the economic advantages and risks of naked selling,utilizing metrics such as user comfort and conditional value at risk(CVaR).Furthermore,a sophisticated combination of a data-driven level-set fuzzy approach and advanced algorithms,including support vector quantile regression(SVQR)and kernel density estimation(KDE),is employed to quantify the uncertainties related to prices and reserve activation precisely.The results of case studies demonstrate that integrating default penalties within the proposed trading model diminishes the overall revenue of VPPs engaging in naked selling,thereby serving as a robust decision for mitigating the adverse effects of the naked selling of VPPs.展开更多
Naked cuticle homolog 2(NKD2)has been recognized as an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and a tumor suppressor.The role of NKD2 in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and the mechanism are not fully unders...Naked cuticle homolog 2(NKD2)has been recognized as an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and a tumor suppressor.The role of NKD2 in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and the mechanism are not fully understood.In this study,we identified the up-regulation of NKD2 during osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation.Functional experiments revealed that NKD2 stimulated osteoblast differentiation and suppressed adipocyte formation.Furthermore,NKD2 down-regulated the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibited osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursor cells.Mechanistic investigations revealed that the regulation of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by NKD2 involved Wnt/β-catenin and tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 1(TSC1)/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)signaling pathways.Unlike in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells where NKD2 promoted Dishevelled-1 degradation,in the cells differentiating toward osteoblasts or adipocytes NKD2 down-regulated secreted frizzled related protein 1/4 expression and failed to destabilize Dishevelled-1,thereby activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.Moreover,NKD2 bound to TSC1 and inhibited mTORC1 signaling.Further investigation uncovered an interplay between TSC1/mTORC1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.Finally,transplantation of NKD2-overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into the marrow of mice increased osteoblasts,reduced osteoclasts and marrow fat,and partially prevented bone loss in ovariectomized mice.This study provides evidence that NKD2 in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells reciprocally regulates the differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes by modulating Wnt/β-catenin and mTORC1 pathways and inhibits osteoclast formation by down-regulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand.It suggests that NKD2 up-regulation may ameliorate postmenopausal bone loss.展开更多
Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals whose microstructure and microchemistry have been used for age determination, stock identification, life history and environmental tracing. Using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and ...Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals whose microstructure and microchemistry have been used for age determination, stock identification, life history and environmental tracing. Using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, we have determined the mineral types and crystalline characteristics of three pairs of otoliths from naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii, the predominant fish in Lake Qinghai. The results indicate that the mineral of both lapillus and sagitta of the naked carp is aragonite, and that of asteriscus is vaterite. The aragonite of lapillus has prefect crystallization. Given the shape of lapillus and the sensitivity of its aragonite to water chemistry, lapillus was used to analyze temporal Sr/Ca ratios along the maximal growth axis by an electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA）. Consistent variations of Sr/Ca ratios with a range of 1.0x10-3-5.0~10-3 on the long and short radii indicate that Sr/Ca ratios of lapillus potentially respond to the chemical compositions of the host waters during the period of the naked carp＇s growth and migration. Discontinuous （dark） zones of lapillus were formed during fall and winter when the naked carp grows slowly in Lake Qinghai, resulting in similar low Sr/Ca ratios to lake water, whereas incremental zones with higher St/Ca ratios respond to its migratory river waters during spring and summer. Various Sr/Ca ratios of incremental zones suggest that the migratory pattern of the naked carp may be much more flexible, rather than in a single river. Therefore, high-resolution otolith microchemistry of the naked carp can be used to trace its migratory behavior, which is of significance for determining its migratory pattern and life history of this precious species inhabiting the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals in the inner ear of teleost fish, whose compositions can record the physical and chem- ical conditions of the ambient water environment inhabited by individual fish. In this re...Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals in the inner ear of teleost fish, whose compositions can record the physical and chem- ical conditions of the ambient water environment inhabited by individual fish. In this research, the fishbones and otoliths of naked carp sampled near the Bird Island, offshore Lake Qinghai, were dated and analyzed for mineralogy and microchemical compositions. Comparing the microchemical compositions of ancient otoliths with those of modem otoliths, we conclude that the ancient naked carps inhabited a relict lake formed when the lake shrank from a high lake level, by combining with the AMS-lnC ages of fishbones and otoliths, the stratigraphy and surrounding topography of the sample site. AMS-14C dating resuits of ancient fishbones and otoliths show that these naked carps lived from 680 to 300 years ago, i.e. during the Ming Dynasty of China. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns demonstrate that the ancient lapillus is composed of pure aragonite, iden- tical to modem one, indicating that the mineral of lapillus didn＇t change after a long time burial and that the ancient lapillus is suitable for comparative analysis thereafter. Microchemical results show that both ratios of Mg/Ca （（70.12±18.50）× 10-2） and δ18O （（1.76±1.03）‰） of ancient lapilli are significantly higher than those of modem lapilli （average Mg/Ca=（3.1 1±0.41）× 10-5 and δ18O =（-4.82±0.96）‰）. This reflects that the relict water body in which the ancient naked carp lived during the Ming Dynasty was characterized by higher Mg/Ca and δ18O ratios than modem Lake Qinghai, resulting from strong evaporation after being isolated from the main lake, similar to today＇s Lake Gahai. Based upon the stratigraphy and altitude of naked carp re- mains, it can be inferred that the altitude of lake level of Lake Qinghai reached at least 3202 m with a lake area of 4480 km2 during the Ming Dynasty, approximately ~5% larger than it is today.展开更多
People always think that the first man who discovered the Jovian satellites was G. Galileo. Last year, the Chinese historian of astronomy Xi Zezong pointed out that the first discovery of the Jovian satellites was mad...People always think that the first man who discovered the Jovian satellites was G. Galileo. Last year, the Chinese historian of astronomy Xi Zezong pointed out that the first discovery of the Jovian satellites was made by Gan De, one of the earliest astronomers of China in the summer of 364 B.C.—almost 2,000 years before Galileo’s discovery. At first glance, it seems easy to tell the true from the false. In fact, many people lost their confidence when observing with the naked eye. The reason is very simple: The most elementary conditions for astronomical observation have been展开更多
We investigate the shadows of the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity.In the spacetime of the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity,not only an unstable retrograde light ring(LR)but also an unstable prograde LR exists,l...We investigate the shadows of the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity.In the spacetime of the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity,not only an unstable retrograde light ring(LR)but also an unstable prograde LR exists,leading to the formation of a complete photon sphere(PS).Due to the absence of an event horizon,a dark discshaped shadow does not appear;instead,a ring-shaped shadow is observed.The ring-shaped shadow appears as an infinite number of relativistic Einstein rings in the image of the naked singularity.For some parameter values,only the unstable retrograde LR exists,resulting in an incomplete unstable PS and thus giving rise to an arc-shaped shadow for the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity.The shadow of the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity gradually shifts to the right as the rotation parameter a increases and gradually becomes smaller as the deformation parameter |η| increases.Moreover,stable LRs and stable photon spherical orbits can exist in the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity spacetime,but they have no effect on the image of the naked singularity.This study demonstrates that a rotating naked singularity can exhibit not only an arc-shaped shadow but also a ring-shaped shadow.展开更多
Naked singularities form during the gravitational collapse of inhomogeneous matter clouds.The final nature of the singularity depends on the initial conditions of the matter properties and types of matter profiles.The...Naked singularities form during the gravitational collapse of inhomogeneous matter clouds.The final nature of the singularity depends on the initial conditions of the matter properties and types of matter profiles.These naked singularities can also be divided into two types:null-like and timelike singularities.The spacelike singularity of the Schwarzschild black hole can be distinguished from the null and timelike naked singularity spacetimes.In light of this,we investigate the precession of timelike bound orbits in the null naked singularity spacetime,as well as tidal force effects and geodesic deviation features.As a result,we find that the orbital precession of the timelike bound orbits in null naked singularity spacetime could be distinguished from the Schwarzschild precession case.The radial component of the tidal force has an intriguing profile,whereas the angular component has a profile that is comparable to that of a Schwarzschild black hole scenario.The geodesic deviation equation is then solved numerically,yielding results that resemble Schwarzschild black holes.These characteristic features can then be used to discern among these singularities.展开更多
Objective:To identify the distribution,threats and community attitudes towards naked mole-rat in Eastern Ethiopia.Methods:Data were collected through direct observation and interview and Chi-square at 95%confidence in...Objective:To identify the distribution,threats and community attitudes towards naked mole-rat in Eastern Ethiopia.Methods:Data were collected through direct observation and interview and Chi-square at 95%confidence interval was used for significance test.Results:Naked mole-rat was identified in Fafan,City/Shinele,Eastern Hararghe Zone and Dire Dawa Administrative.The main threats of naked mole-rat identified were agricultural expansion,human killing and lack of awareness.From a total of 100 respondents,92%of them considered naked mole-rat as pest as a result that 46%of them participated in direct killing.Literacy rate significantly affects the willingness to participate in the conservation of naked mole-rat(χ^(2)=7.478,df=1,P<0.05).From a total of 26%respondents who did not show the willingness to participate in the conservation,80.8%of them were illiterate.Conclusions:Naked mole-rat is fairly common in many of the study sites.However,rapid shift from nomadic life style to cultivation of crops and lacks of awareness were the main threats of naked mole-rat.Therefore,since there is no conservation action currently,further comprehensive study is required to design conservation plan for this species.展开更多
文摘In pre-modern China,systematic records of astronomical phenomena measured by units including“zhang,”“chi,”and“cun”and records using phrases such as“as large as something”(making comparison with images取象比类)were kept.Some of these records survive and together they constitute a“scale system”for records of astronomical phenomena.A textual model of the celestial sphere based on naked eye observations also survives.According to this model and using the conversion ratio that 1 chi equals 1 degree,the author has reconstituted the geometric meaning of the records of“zhang,”“chi,”and“cun,”while records that use a comparison with a certain object have been converted to their apparent diameters or magnitudes.Finally,these two records are integrated into one system.Through an analysis of the origin of the chi system,the author obtains the result that the radius of the celestial sphere when the ancients observed the sky with the naked eye was about 13 meters.The paper supports this conclusion from various perspectives,including psychological factors,the radius of planetariums,and the nautical Method of Reckoning by the Stars.As naked eye observers always regard the vault of heaven as a plane hemisphere,they have a common false impression in their minds;the pre-modern observational data therefore contains some systematic errors.Under different illumination and weather conditions,the vault of heaven is plane in varying degrees,for which the author has defined“the angle of apparent plane degree”视扁度角.To correct the visual errors,the author has devised a series of calculation tables for daytime,nighttime,cloudy days,clear days,moonlit nights,and moonless nights,to convert the apparent heights or sizes of celestial bodies to the true heights or sizes.
文摘Objective:To explore the application of plan–do–check–action(PDCA)cycle in the management of the naked medicine dispensing about the automatic package and to analyze the practice improved in the quality of naked medicine dispensing medicine management.Methods:The PDCA theory was used to analyze the data,to find out the causes of the problem,and to formulate the corresponding countermeasures to intervene.The data of the naked medicine/adverse drug events satisfaction degree of the inpatients in 18 inpatient departments given for the adoption of PDCA cycle in January 2017 were set as the observation group.The number of the naked medicine/adverse drug events satisfaction degree of patients in 18 inpatient departments before adoption of PDCA cycle in December 2016 was set as the control group.The number of the naked medicine/adverse drug events satisfaction degree of patients in 18 inpatient departments before and after adoption of PDCA cycle was observed and analyzed.Results:The number of the naked medicine/adverse drug events after implementing the method of PDCA cycle management rate was significantly lower than before the implementation method of PDCA cycle management,and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).The satisfaction degree of the inpatients after implementing the method of PDCA cycle management rate was significantly higher than that before the implementation method of PDCA cycle management,and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion:Application of PDCA cycle in the management of the naked medicine dispensing about the automatic package can help to reduce the adverse drug events,to improve the safety of drug treatment,and to increase the patients’satisfaction degree.
文摘Peeled naked oat kernels, named “oat rice” (OR) by Chinese food scientists and processors, are novel oat products in China. This study exam-ined the effects of steaming and roasting treat-ments on the enzyme activities, nutritional con-tents, and flour pasting properties of OR kernels. Results showed that a peeling time of 20 s caused 16.13% β-glucan loss, while a peeling time 25 s caused 34.29% β-glucan loss in the kernels. OR kernels with a 20 s peeling treatment demonstrated significantly higher starch levels and kernel whiteness compared with normal oat kernels (P<0.01). It was also found that normal pressure steaming, autoclaved steaming and infrared roasting treatments could exterminate lipase activities in the OR kernels, and provide the OR kernels with significantly lower final viscosities and setback values than normal kernels (P<0.01).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31571873)National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(201710463002)
文摘This research reported the effect of peeling naked oats with a peeling machine equipped with the flexible alloy blade.Results showed that the flexible alloy blade could achieve the same effect as traditional abrasive rolls. Furthermore, the new peeling method had hardly damage to the oat kernels. The result of scanning electron microscopy indicated the surface of peeled naked oats by the flexible alloy blade is homogeneous. The gap between the flexible alloy blade and the slotted screen could change the particle sizes of the flours obtained, which differed from traditional peeling machines. In addition, peeling for 15 seconds significantly reduced the microbial contaminants. The removal of outer layer decreased the lipase activity. The technological parameters were optimized by orthogonal L_9(3~4) test, the results showed a 30 s peeling time and 2% second-addition of water contributed to the peeling rate. The texture analysis demonstrate that the hardness of cooked groats decreases obviously after peeling treatments.
文摘This study investigated the effects of isolation of subordinate naked mole rats from natal colonies on their reproductive success. Naked mole rat is one of the known mammals that exhibit eusociality. It has been noted that naked mole rats have their reproduction restricted to one queen and less than three males;the rest of the animals within the colony remain sterile. The study aimed at establishing whether the reproductive suppression in subordinate naked mole rats is the outcome of social stress exerted by breeding female in the colony or other unknown environmental factors within the colony set-up. Experimental period was 20 weeks and it involved two stages, acclimatization and isolation. Before acclimation, 2 female subordinate naked mole rats were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and appropriately preserved for later analysis. On the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks of acclimatization, 2 female mole rats were sacrificed at each stage and blood samples were harvested for analysis. On week 7, eighteen subordinate females were isolated and randomly assigned into two groups of 9 animals each in two separate cages for 14 weeks. One week 8, 2 subordinate females from each group were randomly selected, sacrificed and blood samples collected for analysis. The same procedure was repeated on week 12 and 20 of study. Hormonal analysis was done using ELISA technique. The Statistical analysis done using student t-test at 95% confidence level and significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results showed increase in cortisol levels only in singly isolated females which were the greatest on week 8 (from 35.5 ng/ml to 123.4 ng/ml). Mean estradiol in singly isolated females was 18 ± 2.52 pg/ml while females paired with males had 19.0 ± 3.0 pg/ml hence no significant difference (paired t = -1.73, P = 0.23). Conclusively, the observed reproductive suppression among subordinate naked mole rats in natal colonies is probably due to presence of queen or other reproductive aspects that may not be directly related to stress.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to resolve the problem of low transportation efficiency of seedlings,vulnerability of seedling trays and difficulty of recycling.[Method]Naked seedlings were transported with trays and frames to improve transportation and transplanting efficiency.[Result] The transportation of naked seedlings would effectively reduce transportation cost and improve transportation and transplanting efficiency of tobacco seedlings.[Conclusion] The transportation of naked seedlings is suitable to be applied in the region with professional transplanting.
文摘As to the theme of human nature, there are many scholars and critics approaching The naked and the dead from different perspectives. This paper aims to analyze this theme from the writer＇s skills in manipulating language, presenting his characters＇ true states of mind. In the novel, Mailer skillfully chooses words and sentences with connotations to expose their human nature. With his choice of words, Mailer further molds his characters, investing them with the richest personalities. By the choice of words, Norman Mailer displays the richest personalities in his characters, disclosing the degeneration of human beings.
文摘It is widely accepted that eye is a high-frequency word in English,and one of the stronger collocations is naked eye.In order to research the usage of naked eye,a concordance line of naked eye is selected from corpus evidence.The collocation,meaning,attitude words and larger variable expression of naked eye are mainly examined with the purpose of better studying the usage of naked eye.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12205140,12405053,12275078,11875026,12035005,and 2020YFC2201400)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2023JJ40523 and 2024JJ6211).
文摘We have studied the images of the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetime with a dimensionless Brans-Dicke parameterω,which belongs to axisymmetric rotating solutions in the Brans-Dicke theory.Our results show that the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetime with the parameterω>-3/2 represents naked singularities with distinct structures.For the case with a≤M,the shadow in the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetime persists,gradually becomes flatter and smaller asωdecreases.Especially whenω<1/2,the shadow in the image exhibits a very special"jellyfish"shape and possesses a self-similar fractal structure.For the case with a>M,a distinct gray region consisting of two separate patches appears in the image observed by equatorial observers.This indicating that the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetime can be distinguished from the Kerr and Kerr-de Sitter cases based on its image.These effects of the Brans-Dicke parameter could help us to reveal the intrinsic structure of the Brans-Dicke-Kerr spacetimes and provide a foundation for testing Brans-Dicke theory through future high-precision observations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52477087)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.B230201048)。
文摘Unregulated naked selling of virtual power plants(VPPs)in day-ahead markets poses inherent risks to grid security and market fairness.This paper proposes a joint electricityreserve trading model for VPPs as a strategic measure to mitigate the negative impacts of naked selling.This model systematically evaluates the economic advantages and risks of naked selling,utilizing metrics such as user comfort and conditional value at risk(CVaR).Furthermore,a sophisticated combination of a data-driven level-set fuzzy approach and advanced algorithms,including support vector quantile regression(SVQR)and kernel density estimation(KDE),is employed to quantify the uncertainties related to prices and reserve activation precisely.The results of case studies demonstrate that integrating default penalties within the proposed trading model diminishes the overall revenue of VPPs engaging in naked selling,thereby serving as a robust decision for mitigating the adverse effects of the naked selling of VPPs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072389,82272444,81972033).
文摘Naked cuticle homolog 2(NKD2)has been recognized as an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and a tumor suppressor.The role of NKD2 in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and the mechanism are not fully understood.In this study,we identified the up-regulation of NKD2 during osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation.Functional experiments revealed that NKD2 stimulated osteoblast differentiation and suppressed adipocyte formation.Furthermore,NKD2 down-regulated the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibited osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursor cells.Mechanistic investigations revealed that the regulation of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by NKD2 involved Wnt/β-catenin and tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 1(TSC1)/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)signaling pathways.Unlike in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells where NKD2 promoted Dishevelled-1 degradation,in the cells differentiating toward osteoblasts or adipocytes NKD2 down-regulated secreted frizzled related protein 1/4 expression and failed to destabilize Dishevelled-1,thereby activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.Moreover,NKD2 bound to TSC1 and inhibited mTORC1 signaling.Further investigation uncovered an interplay between TSC1/mTORC1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.Finally,transplantation of NKD2-overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into the marrow of mice increased osteoblasts,reduced osteoclasts and marrow fat,and partially prevented bone loss in ovariectomized mice.This study provides evidence that NKD2 in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells reciprocally regulates the differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes by modulating Wnt/β-catenin and mTORC1 pathways and inhibits osteoclast formation by down-regulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand.It suggests that NKD2 up-regulation may ameliorate postmenopausal bone loss.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB833400)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40873082)
文摘Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals whose microstructure and microchemistry have been used for age determination, stock identification, life history and environmental tracing. Using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, we have determined the mineral types and crystalline characteristics of three pairs of otoliths from naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii, the predominant fish in Lake Qinghai. The results indicate that the mineral of both lapillus and sagitta of the naked carp is aragonite, and that of asteriscus is vaterite. The aragonite of lapillus has prefect crystallization. Given the shape of lapillus and the sensitivity of its aragonite to water chemistry, lapillus was used to analyze temporal Sr/Ca ratios along the maximal growth axis by an electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA）. Consistent variations of Sr/Ca ratios with a range of 1.0x10-3-5.0~10-3 on the long and short radii indicate that Sr/Ca ratios of lapillus potentially respond to the chemical compositions of the host waters during the period of the naked carp＇s growth and migration. Discontinuous （dark） zones of lapillus were formed during fall and winter when the naked carp grows slowly in Lake Qinghai, resulting in similar low Sr/Ca ratios to lake water, whereas incremental zones with higher St/Ca ratios respond to its migratory river waters during spring and summer. Various Sr/Ca ratios of incremental zones suggest that the migratory pattern of the naked carp may be much more flexible, rather than in a single river. Therefore, high-resolution otolith microchemistry of the naked carp can be used to trace its migratory behavior, which is of significance for determining its migratory pattern and life history of this precious species inhabiting the Tibetan Plateau.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB833400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.41225015,41172308)
文摘Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals in the inner ear of teleost fish, whose compositions can record the physical and chem- ical conditions of the ambient water environment inhabited by individual fish. In this research, the fishbones and otoliths of naked carp sampled near the Bird Island, offshore Lake Qinghai, were dated and analyzed for mineralogy and microchemical compositions. Comparing the microchemical compositions of ancient otoliths with those of modem otoliths, we conclude that the ancient naked carps inhabited a relict lake formed when the lake shrank from a high lake level, by combining with the AMS-lnC ages of fishbones and otoliths, the stratigraphy and surrounding topography of the sample site. AMS-14C dating resuits of ancient fishbones and otoliths show that these naked carps lived from 680 to 300 years ago, i.e. during the Ming Dynasty of China. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns demonstrate that the ancient lapillus is composed of pure aragonite, iden- tical to modem one, indicating that the mineral of lapillus didn＇t change after a long time burial and that the ancient lapillus is suitable for comparative analysis thereafter. Microchemical results show that both ratios of Mg/Ca （（70.12±18.50）× 10-2） and δ18O （（1.76±1.03）‰） of ancient lapilli are significantly higher than those of modem lapilli （average Mg/Ca=（3.1 1±0.41）× 10-5 and δ18O =（-4.82±0.96）‰）. This reflects that the relict water body in which the ancient naked carp lived during the Ming Dynasty was characterized by higher Mg/Ca and δ18O ratios than modem Lake Qinghai, resulting from strong evaporation after being isolated from the main lake, similar to today＇s Lake Gahai. Based upon the stratigraphy and altitude of naked carp re- mains, it can be inferred that the altitude of lake level of Lake Qinghai reached at least 3202 m with a lake area of 4480 km2 during the Ming Dynasty, approximately ~5% larger than it is today.
文摘People always think that the first man who discovered the Jovian satellites was G. Galileo. Last year, the Chinese historian of astronomy Xi Zezong pointed out that the first discovery of the Jovian satellites was made by Gan De, one of the earliest astronomers of China in the summer of 364 B.C.—almost 2,000 years before Galileo’s discovery. At first glance, it seems easy to tell the true from the false. In fact, many people lost their confidence when observing with the naked eye. The reason is very simple: The most elementary conditions for astronomical observation have been
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12105151)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2020QA080)partially Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11875026,11875025,12035005)。
文摘We investigate the shadows of the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity.In the spacetime of the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity,not only an unstable retrograde light ring(LR)but also an unstable prograde LR exists,leading to the formation of a complete photon sphere(PS).Due to the absence of an event horizon,a dark discshaped shadow does not appear;instead,a ring-shaped shadow is observed.The ring-shaped shadow appears as an infinite number of relativistic Einstein rings in the image of the naked singularity.For some parameter values,only the unstable retrograde LR exists,resulting in an incomplete unstable PS and thus giving rise to an arc-shaped shadow for the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity.The shadow of the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity gradually shifts to the right as the rotation parameter a increases and gradually becomes smaller as the deformation parameter |η| increases.Moreover,stable LRs and stable photon spherical orbits can exist in the Konoplya-Zhidenko naked singularity spacetime,but they have no effect on the image of the naked singularity.This study demonstrates that a rotating naked singularity can exhibit not only an arc-shaped shadow but also a ring-shaped shadow.
文摘Naked singularities form during the gravitational collapse of inhomogeneous matter clouds.The final nature of the singularity depends on the initial conditions of the matter properties and types of matter profiles.These naked singularities can also be divided into two types:null-like and timelike singularities.The spacelike singularity of the Schwarzschild black hole can be distinguished from the null and timelike naked singularity spacetimes.In light of this,we investigate the precession of timelike bound orbits in the null naked singularity spacetime,as well as tidal force effects and geodesic deviation features.As a result,we find that the orbital precession of the timelike bound orbits in null naked singularity spacetime could be distinguished from the Schwarzschild precession case.The radial component of the tidal force has an intriguing profile,whereas the angular component has a profile that is comparable to that of a Schwarzschild black hole scenario.The geodesic deviation equation is then solved numerically,yielding results that resemble Schwarzschild black holes.These characteristic features can then be used to discern among these singularities.
基金Supported by Ethiopia Biodiversity Institute(Grant No.EBIMOFED/08).
文摘Objective:To identify the distribution,threats and community attitudes towards naked mole-rat in Eastern Ethiopia.Methods:Data were collected through direct observation and interview and Chi-square at 95%confidence interval was used for significance test.Results:Naked mole-rat was identified in Fafan,City/Shinele,Eastern Hararghe Zone and Dire Dawa Administrative.The main threats of naked mole-rat identified were agricultural expansion,human killing and lack of awareness.From a total of 100 respondents,92%of them considered naked mole-rat as pest as a result that 46%of them participated in direct killing.Literacy rate significantly affects the willingness to participate in the conservation of naked mole-rat(χ^(2)=7.478,df=1,P<0.05).From a total of 26%respondents who did not show the willingness to participate in the conservation,80.8%of them were illiterate.Conclusions:Naked mole-rat is fairly common in many of the study sites.However,rapid shift from nomadic life style to cultivation of crops and lacks of awareness were the main threats of naked mole-rat.Therefore,since there is no conservation action currently,further comprehensive study is required to design conservation plan for this species.
