Deep phenotyping and genetic characterization of individuals are fundamental to assessing the metabolic status and determining nutrition-specific requirements.This study aimed to ascertain the utmost effectiveness of ...Deep phenotyping and genetic characterization of individuals are fundamental to assessing the metabolic status and determining nutrition-specific requirements.This study aimed to ascertain the utmost effectiveness of personalized interventions by aligning dietary adjustments with both the genotype and metabolotype of individuals.Therefore,we assessed here the usefulness of a polygenic score(PGS)characterizing a potential pro-inflammatory profile(PGSi)as a nutrigenetic tool to discern individuals from the Danish PREVENTOMICS cohort that could better respond to precision nutrition(PN)plans,specifically targeted at counteracting the low-grade inflammatory profile typically found in obesity.The cohort followed a PN plan to counteract the pro-inflammatory profile(PNi group)or generic dietary recommendations(Control)for 10 weeks.PGSi was applied for genetic stratification(Low/High).The effects of the intervention on anthropometrics and biomarkers related to inflammatory profile and carbohydrate metabolism were assessed.Around 30%of subjects had a high genetic predisposition to pro-inflammatory status(high-PGSi).These individuals demonstrated the most effective response to the dietary plan,experiencing improved body composition,with significant decreases in body weight(∆:-4.84%;P=0.039)and body fat(∆:-4.86%;P=0.007),and beneficial changes in pro-and anti-inflammatory biomarkers,with significant increases in IL-10(∆:71.3%;P=0.025)and decreases in TNF-α(∆:-3.0%;P=0.048),CRP(∆:-31.1%),ICAM1(∆:-5.8%),and MCP1(∆:-4.2%)circulating levels,compared to low-PGSi individuals.Both phenotypic and genetic stratification contributed to a better understanding of metabolic heterogeneity in response to diet.This approach allows for refinement of the prediction of individual requirements and potentially for better management of obesity.展开更多
To improve understanding of the multifaceted nature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases,in collaboration with the European Associ...To improve understanding of the multifaceted nature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases,in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver,proposed a broader and more flexible definition,highlighting the role of underlying metabolic dysfunction.MASLD represents the most common chronic liver disease worldwide;however,the impact of the disease goes beyond its epidemiological aspects.Currently,the impact on patients and healthcare syst-ems,due to hepatic and extrahepatic complications,is significant.Recent evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic regulation plays a key role in the development and progression of MASLD.This highly sophisticated regulatory system includes DNA methylation,histone modification,chromatin remodeling,and modulation of non-coding RNA,without causing changes in the primary DNA sequence.Diet,particularly the Westernized diet(characterized by high levels of processed foods,fats,and sugars,but deficient in vitamins and minerals),contributes to the pathogenesis of MASLD through epigenetic modulation at multiple levels.Given the association between diet,epigenetics,and MASLD,this review aims to present some micronutrients and their importance in the prevention and/or treatment of metabolically dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.展开更多
Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the most common metabolic disorders.T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic,metabolic and lifestyle factors(including diet),whi...Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the most common metabolic disorders.T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic,metabolic and lifestyle factors(including diet),which differ between populations and geographic regions.In fact,excessive consumptions of high fat/high sugar foods generally increase the risk of developing T2DM,whereas habitual intakes of plant-based healthy diets usually exert a protective effect.Moreover,genomic studies have allowed the characterization of sequence DNA variants across the human genome,some of which may affect gene expression and protein functions relevant for glucose homeostasis.This comprehensive literature review covers the impact of gene-diet interactions on T2DM susceptibility and disease progression,some of which have demonstrated a value as biomarkers of personal responses to certain nutritional interventions.Also,novel genotype-based dietary strategies have been developed for improving T2DM control in comparison to general lifestyle recommendations.Furthermore,progresses in other omics areas(epigenomics,metagenomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)are improving current understanding of genetic insights in T2DM clinical outcomes.Although more investigation is still needed,the analysis of the genetic make-up may help to decipher new paradigms in the pathophysiology of T2DM as well as offer further opportunities to personalize the screening,prevention,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of T2DM through precision nutrition.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has as a main characteristic the exacerbation of the immune system against enterocytes,compromising the individual’s intestinal microbiota.This inflammatory cascade causes several nutri...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has as a main characteristic the exacerbation of the immune system against enterocytes,compromising the individual’s intestinal microbiota.This inflammatory cascade causes several nutritional deficiencies,which further compromise immunological functioning and,as a result,worsen the prognosis.This vicious cycle can be interrupted as the patient’s dietary pattern meets their needs according to their clinical condition,acting directly on the inflammatory process of IBD through the interaction of food,intestinal microbiota,and epigenome.Specific nutritional intervention for IBD has a crucial role in preventing and managing disease activity.This review addresses epigenetic modifications through dietary compounds as a mechanism for modulating the intestinal microbiota of patients with IBD.展开更多
Most medical specialties including the field of gastroenterology are mainly aimed at treating diseases rather than preventing them. Genomic medicine studies the health/disease process based on the interaction of the h...Most medical specialties including the field of gastroenterology are mainly aimed at treating diseases rather than preventing them. Genomic medicine studies the health/disease process based on the interaction of the human genes with the environment. The gastrointestinal(GI) system is an ideal model to analyze the interaction between our genes, emotions and the gut microbiota. Based on the current knowledge, this mini-review aims to provide an integrated synopsis of this interaction to achieve a better understanding of the GI disorders related to bad eating habits and stress-related disease. Since human beings are the result of an evolutionary process, many biological processes such as instincts, emotions and behavior are interconnected to guarantee survival. Nourishment is a physiological need triggered by the instinct of survival to satisfy the body's energy demands. The brain-gut axis comprises a tightly connected neuralneuroendocrine circuitry between the hunger-satiety center, the dopaminergic reward system involved in the pleasure of eating and the gut microbiota that regulates which food we eat and emotions. However, genetic variations and the consumption of high-sugar and high-fat diets have overridden this energy/pleasure neurocircuitry to the point of addiction of several foodstuffs. Consequently, a gut dysbiosis generates inflammation and a negative emotional state may lead to chronic diseases. Balancing this altered processes to regain health may involve personalized-medicine and genome-based strategies. Thus, an integrated approach based on the understanding of the gene-emotions-gut microbiota interaction is the next frontier that awaits the gastroenterologist to prevent and treat GI disorders associated with obesity and negative emotions.展开更多
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics deal with the role of genetic factors in drug effectiveness and adverse drug reactions. The promise of a personalized medicine is beginning to be explored but requires much more c...Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics deal with the role of genetic factors in drug effectiveness and adverse drug reactions. The promise of a personalized medicine is beginning to be explored but requires much more clinical and translational research. Specific DNA abnormalities in some cancers already have led to effective targeted treatments. Racially determined frequency differences in pharmacogenetic traits may affect choice of treatment requiring specific testing rather than basing treatments according to racial designation. The role of genes in variable responses to foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) has been termed ecogenetics or toxicogenetics raising problems in public health and occupational medicine. Nutrigenetics refers to genetic variation in response to nutrients and may affect nutritional requirements and predisposition to chronic disease.展开更多
Increasing the efficiency and sustainability of cattle production is an effective way to produce valuable animal proteins for a growing human population.Genetics and nutrition are the 2 major research topics in select...Increasing the efficiency and sustainability of cattle production is an effective way to produce valuable animal proteins for a growing human population.Genetics and nutrition are the 2 major research topics in selecting cattle with beneficial phenotypes and developing genetic potentials for improved performance.There is an inextricable link between genetics and nutrition,which urgently requires researchers to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms to optimize cattle production.Feedomics integrates a range of omic techniques to reveal the mechanisms at different molecular levels related to animal production and health,which can provide novel insights into the relationships of genes and nutrition/nutrients.In this review,we summarized the applications of feedomics techniques to reveal the effect of genetic elements on the response to nutrition and investigate how nutrients affect the functional genome of cattle from the perspective of both nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics.We highlighted the roles of rumen microbiome in the interactions between host genes and nutrition.Herein,we discuss the importance of feedomics in cattle nutrition research,with a view to ensure that cattle exhibit the best production traits for human consumption from both genetic and nutritional aspects.展开更多
Aim:The importance of nutrition in the prevention of skin aging has been shown by large observational studies.However,there are no studies assessing dietary changes as adjunct procedures to aesthetic interventions.The...Aim:The importance of nutrition in the prevention of skin aging has been shown by large observational studies.However,there are no studies assessing dietary changes as adjunct procedures to aesthetic interventions.The objective of this study was to assess whether a personalized nutritional plan conveys additional benefits to platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)facial regeneration.Methods:Forty-seven healthy women(mean age 52.5 years old,SD=7.7)were offered minimally invasive facial regeneration with the use of PRF liquid matrices,as well as a personalized nutritional plan.The nutritional plan was informed by a nutrigenetic test based on 128 polymorphisms.Horizontal forehead lines,zygomatic wrinkles or mid-cheek furrows,nasolabial folds,perioral expression wrinkles,and marionette line were assessed separately with the use of the Facial Wrinkles Assessment Scale(FWAS).Results:The total FWAS score change was statistically significantly better in women who reported an at least partial adaptation of nutritional recommendations for at least three months(Z=2.4,P=0.008).Conclusion:Personalized nutritional recommendations based on individual needs as well as generally accepted dietary guidelines can improve treatment outcomes of minimally invasive facial skin aesthetics interventions.展开更多
基金supported through the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(818318)。
文摘Deep phenotyping and genetic characterization of individuals are fundamental to assessing the metabolic status and determining nutrition-specific requirements.This study aimed to ascertain the utmost effectiveness of personalized interventions by aligning dietary adjustments with both the genotype and metabolotype of individuals.Therefore,we assessed here the usefulness of a polygenic score(PGS)characterizing a potential pro-inflammatory profile(PGSi)as a nutrigenetic tool to discern individuals from the Danish PREVENTOMICS cohort that could better respond to precision nutrition(PN)plans,specifically targeted at counteracting the low-grade inflammatory profile typically found in obesity.The cohort followed a PN plan to counteract the pro-inflammatory profile(PNi group)or generic dietary recommendations(Control)for 10 weeks.PGSi was applied for genetic stratification(Low/High).The effects of the intervention on anthropometrics and biomarkers related to inflammatory profile and carbohydrate metabolism were assessed.Around 30%of subjects had a high genetic predisposition to pro-inflammatory status(high-PGSi).These individuals demonstrated the most effective response to the dietary plan,experiencing improved body composition,with significant decreases in body weight(∆:-4.84%;P=0.039)and body fat(∆:-4.86%;P=0.007),and beneficial changes in pro-and anti-inflammatory biomarkers,with significant increases in IL-10(∆:71.3%;P=0.025)and decreases in TNF-α(∆:-3.0%;P=0.048),CRP(∆:-31.1%),ICAM1(∆:-5.8%),and MCP1(∆:-4.2%)circulating levels,compared to low-PGSi individuals.Both phenotypic and genetic stratification contributed to a better understanding of metabolic heterogeneity in response to diet.This approach allows for refinement of the prediction of individual requirements and potentially for better management of obesity.
文摘To improve understanding of the multifaceted nature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases,in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver,proposed a broader and more flexible definition,highlighting the role of underlying metabolic dysfunction.MASLD represents the most common chronic liver disease worldwide;however,the impact of the disease goes beyond its epidemiological aspects.Currently,the impact on patients and healthcare syst-ems,due to hepatic and extrahepatic complications,is significant.Recent evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic regulation plays a key role in the development and progression of MASLD.This highly sophisticated regulatory system includes DNA methylation,histone modification,chromatin remodeling,and modulation of non-coding RNA,without causing changes in the primary DNA sequence.Diet,particularly the Westernized diet(characterized by high levels of processed foods,fats,and sugars,but deficient in vitamins and minerals),contributes to the pathogenesis of MASLD through epigenetic modulation at multiple levels.Given the association between diet,epigenetics,and MASLD,this review aims to present some micronutrients and their importance in the prevention and/or treatment of metabolically dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
文摘Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the most common metabolic disorders.T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic,metabolic and lifestyle factors(including diet),which differ between populations and geographic regions.In fact,excessive consumptions of high fat/high sugar foods generally increase the risk of developing T2DM,whereas habitual intakes of plant-based healthy diets usually exert a protective effect.Moreover,genomic studies have allowed the characterization of sequence DNA variants across the human genome,some of which may affect gene expression and protein functions relevant for glucose homeostasis.This comprehensive literature review covers the impact of gene-diet interactions on T2DM susceptibility and disease progression,some of which have demonstrated a value as biomarkers of personal responses to certain nutritional interventions.Also,novel genotype-based dietary strategies have been developed for improving T2DM control in comparison to general lifestyle recommendations.Furthermore,progresses in other omics areas(epigenomics,metagenomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)are improving current understanding of genetic insights in T2DM clinical outcomes.Although more investigation is still needed,the analysis of the genetic make-up may help to decipher new paradigms in the pathophysiology of T2DM as well as offer further opportunities to personalize the screening,prevention,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of T2DM through precision nutrition.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has as a main characteristic the exacerbation of the immune system against enterocytes,compromising the individual’s intestinal microbiota.This inflammatory cascade causes several nutritional deficiencies,which further compromise immunological functioning and,as a result,worsen the prognosis.This vicious cycle can be interrupted as the patient’s dietary pattern meets their needs according to their clinical condition,acting directly on the inflammatory process of IBD through the interaction of food,intestinal microbiota,and epigenome.Specific nutritional intervention for IBD has a crucial role in preventing and managing disease activity.This review addresses epigenetic modifications through dietary compounds as a mechanism for modulating the intestinal microbiota of patients with IBD.
基金Supported by Prodep-Universidad de Guadalajara,No.CA-478
文摘Most medical specialties including the field of gastroenterology are mainly aimed at treating diseases rather than preventing them. Genomic medicine studies the health/disease process based on the interaction of the human genes with the environment. The gastrointestinal(GI) system is an ideal model to analyze the interaction between our genes, emotions and the gut microbiota. Based on the current knowledge, this mini-review aims to provide an integrated synopsis of this interaction to achieve a better understanding of the GI disorders related to bad eating habits and stress-related disease. Since human beings are the result of an evolutionary process, many biological processes such as instincts, emotions and behavior are interconnected to guarantee survival. Nourishment is a physiological need triggered by the instinct of survival to satisfy the body's energy demands. The brain-gut axis comprises a tightly connected neuralneuroendocrine circuitry between the hunger-satiety center, the dopaminergic reward system involved in the pleasure of eating and the gut microbiota that regulates which food we eat and emotions. However, genetic variations and the consumption of high-sugar and high-fat diets have overridden this energy/pleasure neurocircuitry to the point of addiction of several foodstuffs. Consequently, a gut dysbiosis generates inflammation and a negative emotional state may lead to chronic diseases. Balancing this altered processes to regain health may involve personalized-medicine and genome-based strategies. Thus, an integrated approach based on the understanding of the gene-emotions-gut microbiota interaction is the next frontier that awaits the gastroenterologist to prevent and treat GI disorders associated with obesity and negative emotions.
文摘Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics deal with the role of genetic factors in drug effectiveness and adverse drug reactions. The promise of a personalized medicine is beginning to be explored but requires much more clinical and translational research. Specific DNA abnormalities in some cancers already have led to effective targeted treatments. Racially determined frequency differences in pharmacogenetic traits may affect choice of treatment requiring specific testing rather than basing treatments according to racial designation. The role of genes in variable responses to foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) has been termed ecogenetics or toxicogenetics raising problems in public health and occupational medicine. Nutrigenetics refers to genetic variation in response to nutrients and may affect nutritional requirements and predisposition to chronic disease.
基金the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002207)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Zhejiang Provincial Universities(2021XZZX027)the“Hundred Talents Program”Research Professor Start-up Fund of Zhejiang University.
文摘Increasing the efficiency and sustainability of cattle production is an effective way to produce valuable animal proteins for a growing human population.Genetics and nutrition are the 2 major research topics in selecting cattle with beneficial phenotypes and developing genetic potentials for improved performance.There is an inextricable link between genetics and nutrition,which urgently requires researchers to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms to optimize cattle production.Feedomics integrates a range of omic techniques to reveal the mechanisms at different molecular levels related to animal production and health,which can provide novel insights into the relationships of genes and nutrition/nutrients.In this review,we summarized the applications of feedomics techniques to reveal the effect of genetic elements on the response to nutrition and investigate how nutrients affect the functional genome of cattle from the perspective of both nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics.We highlighted the roles of rumen microbiome in the interactions between host genes and nutrition.Herein,we discuss the importance of feedomics in cattle nutrition research,with a view to ensure that cattle exhibit the best production traits for human consumption from both genetic and nutritional aspects.
文摘Aim:The importance of nutrition in the prevention of skin aging has been shown by large observational studies.However,there are no studies assessing dietary changes as adjunct procedures to aesthetic interventions.The objective of this study was to assess whether a personalized nutritional plan conveys additional benefits to platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)facial regeneration.Methods:Forty-seven healthy women(mean age 52.5 years old,SD=7.7)were offered minimally invasive facial regeneration with the use of PRF liquid matrices,as well as a personalized nutritional plan.The nutritional plan was informed by a nutrigenetic test based on 128 polymorphisms.Horizontal forehead lines,zygomatic wrinkles or mid-cheek furrows,nasolabial folds,perioral expression wrinkles,and marionette line were assessed separately with the use of the Facial Wrinkles Assessment Scale(FWAS).Results:The total FWAS score change was statistically significantly better in women who reported an at least partial adaptation of nutritional recommendations for at least three months(Z=2.4,P=0.008).Conclusion:Personalized nutritional recommendations based on individual needs as well as generally accepted dietary guidelines can improve treatment outcomes of minimally invasive facial skin aesthetics interventions.
