The transition period of dairy cattle is characterized by a number of metabolic, endocrine, physiologic, and immune adaptations, including the occurrence of negative energy balance, hypocalcemia, liver dysfunction, ov...The transition period of dairy cattle is characterized by a number of metabolic, endocrine, physiologic, and immune adaptations, including the occurrence of negative energy balance, hypocalcemia, liver dysfunction, overt systemic inflammatory response, and oxidative stress status. The degree and length of time during which these systems remain out of balance could render cows more susceptible to disease, poor reproductive outcomes, and less efficient for milk production and quality. Studies on both monogastrics and ruminants have reported the health benefits of nutraceuticals(e.g. probiotics, prebiotics, dietary lipids, functional peptides, phytoextracts) beyond nutritional value, interacting at different levels of the animal's physiology. From a physiological standpoint, it seems unrealistic to disregard any systemic inflammatory processes. However, an alternate approach is to modulate the inflammatory process per se and to resolve the systemic response as quickly as possible.To this aim, a growing body of literature underscores the efficacy of nutraceuticals(active compounds) during the critical phase of the transition period. Supplementation of essential fatty acids throughout a 2-month period(i.e. a month before and a month after calving) successfully attenuates the inflammatory status with a quicker resolution of phenomenon. In this context, the inflammatory and immune response scenario has been recognized to be targeted by the beneficial effect of methyl donors, such as methionine and choline, directly and indirectly modulating such response with the increase of antioxidants GSH and taurine. Indirectly by the establishment of a healthy gastrointestinal tract, yeast and yeast-based products showed to modulate the immune response, mitigating negative effects associated with parturition stress and consequent disorders.The use of phytoproducts has garnered high interest because of their wide range of actions on multiple tissue targets encompassing a series of antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, immune-stimulating, rumen fermentation, and microbial modulation effects. In this review, we provide perspectives on investigations of regulating the immune responses and metabolism using several nutraceuticals in the periparturient cow.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of articular cartilage with limited treatment options. This reality encourages clinicians to suggest preventive measures to delay and contain the outbreak of the pa...Osteoarthritis(OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of articular cartilage with limited treatment options. This reality encourages clinicians to suggest preventive measures to delay and contain the outbreak of the pathological conditions. Articular cartilage and synovium suffering from OA are characterised by an inflammatory state and by significant oxidative stress,responsible for pain,swelling and loss of mobility in the advanced stages. This review will focus on the ability of olive oil to exert positive effects on the entire joint to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine release and increase lubricin synthesis,olive leaf extract,since it maintains lubrication by stimulating high molecular weight hyaluronan synthesis in synovial cells,curcumin,which delays the start of pathological cartilage breakdown,sanguinarine,which downregulates catabolic proteases,vitamin D for its capacity to influence the oxidative and proinflammatory environment,and carnosic acid as an inducer of heme oxygenase-1,which helps preserve cartilage degeneration. These molecules,considered as natural dietary supplements,appear like a cuttingedge answer to this tough health problem,playing a major role in controlling homeostatic balance loss and slowing down the pathology progression. Natural or food-derived molecules that are able to exert potential therapeutic effects are known as "nutraceutical",resulting from the combination of the words "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical". These compounds have gained popularity due to their easy availability,which represents a huge advantage for food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition,the chronic nature of OA implies the use of pharmacological compounds with proven longterm safety,especially because current treatments like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesicsimprove pain relief but have no effect on degenerative progression and can also cause serious side effects.展开更多
Extensive elucidations focusing on the efficient health promoting properties and high nutritional values of mushrooms have been expanded dynamically from the past few decades.Due to its high quality of proteins,polysa...Extensive elucidations focusing on the efficient health promoting properties and high nutritional values of mushrooms have been expanded dynamically from the past few decades.Due to its high quality of proteins,polysaccharides,unsaturated fatty acids,mineral substances,triterpenes sterols and secondary metabolites,mushrooms have always been appreciated for their vital role in protecting and curing various health problems,such as immunodeficiency,cancer,inflammation,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,hypercholesterolemia and obesity.Moreover,investigations in recent years have revealed the correlations between the health-promoting benefits and gut microbiota regulating effects induced by the mushrooms intake.Researches on the immense role in the nutritional and health benefits displayed by mushrooms have become an emergent task to study.The present article overviewed and compiled the latest information correlated to the health benefits and underlying functional mechanisms of mushroom nutraceuticals,and concluded that the supplementation of mushrooms as a dietary composition could become a natural adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of several health diseases.展开更多
Objective:Nutraceutical products are widely used for their claimed therapeutic benefits.However,falsified or adulterated nutraceuticals present a major health threat to consumers.This study investigates the pharmaceut...Objective:Nutraceutical products are widely used for their claimed therapeutic benefits.However,falsified or adulterated nutraceuticals present a major health threat to consumers.This study investigates the pharmaceutical quality,safety and anti-inflammatory effects of six male enhancement nutraceuticals that claim to be 100%natural.Methods:Three batches of six male enhancement products were tested to detect the presence and levels of adulterants via high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The pharmaceutical quality of the selected nutraceuticals was tested with near infrared spectroscopy(NIR)and Se De M.The cytotoxic effects of these products on HepG2 cells were determined through cell proliferation(XTT)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)cytotoxicity assays.Lastly,the in vitro inflammatory effects of these products were investigated using murine J774 macrophages through cytokine release analysis.Results:HPLC analysis detected the presence of sildenafil citrate,a vasodilator,and the active ingredient in Viagra and Revatio,in all batches of the products we analyzed.Amount of sildenafil citrate ranged from 0.45 mg to 51.85 mg among different batches.NIR assessment showed inter-and intra-batch heterogeneity in product composition.Results of the XTT and LDH assays showed significant cytotoxic effects of the analyzed products.XTT analysis revealed that the viability of HepG2 treated with tested products varied from 27.57%to 41.43%.Interestingly,the male enhancement products also showed anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusion:Despite their labeling as 100%natural,all products tested in this study contained levels of sildenafil citrate,which was not reported on the packaging.There was a lack of pharmaceutical uniformity among products of the same batch and across different batches.Additionally,the products we tested had cytotoxic effects.These study findings highlight the adulteration,poor quality and hazard of these nutraceuticals.Therefore,strict regulation of these products and standardization of the definition of nutraceuticals are urgently needed.Further,these falsely advertised products should be withdrawn from the market due to potential adverse effects on the health of their consumers.展开更多
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development of efficient food-grade oral nano-delivery systems for encapsulation, protection and target delivery of nutraceuticals to enhance their bioavailabilit...Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development of efficient food-grade oral nano-delivery systems for encapsulation, protection and target delivery of nutraceuticals to enhance their bioavailability, fiarther to prevent disease and promote human health and well-being. Food proteins represent promising candidates for efficient nutraceutical nanocarriers due to their exceptional characteristics, namely biodegradability, nonantigenicity, high nutritional value, abundant renewable sources and extraordinary binding capacity to various nutraceuticals. In addition, their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, low cost, and non-starch polysaccharides possess many favourable characteristics such as stability in the harsh gastric environment, resistance to digestive enzymes, and mucoadhesiveness to intestinal mucosal surface. This review describes the design and formation of nanoscaled delivery systems for nutraceuticals using food-grade proteins （including peptides）, polysaccharides and their associative complexes. The toxicity and cellular uptake fate of the nanostructures, as well as their effects on the intestinal absorption of the encapsulated nutraceuticals were also discussed.展开更多
The roles of dietary fibers and nutraceuticals for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease from childhood are reviewed. Nutrition as an epigenetic modifier and the roles of endothelium, risk factors, epidemiologi...The roles of dietary fibers and nutraceuticals for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease from childhood are reviewed. Nutrition as an epigenetic modifier and the roles of endothelium, risk factors, epidemiological evidence and Mediterranean diet are critically analysed. Overfeeding in childhood can lead to the development of obesity and/or atherosclerosis in adult life. In particular, a high intake of nutrients affects the in utero programming with the adverse consequences of insulin resistance an endothelial dysfunction that lead to early atherosclerosis. Dietary fibers have important health benefits in childhood and research suggests that they may prevent obesity and lower blood cholesterol levels with a favourable impact on the risk of future cardiovascular disease incidence. However, it is for further studies to assess whether also in Southern European Countries, practicing Mediterranean diet as a normal habit, dietary fibers may contribute to modify the relatively low proportion of hyperlipemia observed in our population.展开更多
Arthritis (AR) is a disease that affects the joints and of which there are, remarkably, over 100 different types. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common subgroup o...Arthritis (AR) is a disease that affects the joints and of which there are, remarkably, over 100 different types. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common subgroup of OA. KOA is a pathological degeneration of joints, connective tissue and the sub-chondral bone of the knee. The origin of the disease is not fully understood but the etiology includes risk factors such as age, gender, physiological trauma and BMI. It is a complex pathological state of cause, effect, and manifestation where the exact mechanisms responsible are not visible. Inflammatory mediators are involved in the progression of KOA and this cascade of reactions to the inflicted area is unfortunately chronic. Pain is a key feature, and it ranges from mild to severe. Patients are likely to use analgesics that are more potent than “over the counter” (OCT) drugs at some stage. As the condition develops over time the need increases and prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids are used. NSAIDs can help reduce the pain as well as enhance the joints range of movements again. However not in an optimal way, nor do they have the ability to alter any of the mechanisms behind the disease. Inevitably, the side effects from the medicine will have a negative impact on the patient;even more so the longer they are used. Currently, alternative medicine and nutraceuticals can be controversial. Several countries and organizations consistently deny any beneficial outcome from these in the context of KOA-treatment. Official statements are made about the lack of evidence and consequently official non-recommendations are commonplace. This review will show viable complementary alternative medicine (CAM) that has been studied over decades with unequivocal positive results on KOA. These options exhibit minimal side effects and a high safety-margin. Included are up-to date clinical studies with current evidence of beneficial effects. This review presents key strategies for the arthritis patients. A dietary plan not to deviate from and the use of specific nutrients and herbs. The analysis of nutrachemicals include glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, collagen type 1, undenatured collagen type II and hyaluronic acid. Therapeutic dosages of nutraceuticals as well as a specified diet designed to curb and to some extent reverse KOA. Traditional Chinese medicine consisting of T. wilfordii, A. bidentate, bromelain, Boswellia and Curcuma longa. To a certain extent these nutraceuticals have an ability that is absent in current pharmacological treatments. The ability to reverse and sometimes rebuild tissues and cells affected by KOA. All nutraceuticals in the review is evaluated with the standard methods WOMAC and VAS in order to measure degrees of pain, stiffness and functionalities of the knee.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> Long</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=&quo...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> Long</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">-</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">term survival in acute coronary syndrome has increased steadily in the last decades. Follow-up studies developed in this patient clearly reveal that they are at risk of suffering a new event, placing them in a new stage, secondary prevention. Assuming this increased risk, the control target of their cardiovascular risk factors become more ambitious. In this field, control of Cholesterol levels, particularly LDL-C, ha</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> arisen as a priority objective in patients with coronary arterial disease. In this sense, management of </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">dyslipidemia </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">guidelines, recently recognise</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> the role of functional food, highlighting among them </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">is </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">the Red Yeast Rice (RYR). The aim of the study is to establish the potential role of functional food, in secondary prevention</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> while deter</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">mining its additional capacity to reduce LDL-C in patients that despite optimal classic treatment (maximum tolerated dose of stain plus Ezetimibe) </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">is</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> still out of control objectives. <b>Results and Discussion:</b> 88 patients were included and after 3 months of treatment with RYR, their lipid profiles were compared with the baseline. The variation of T-Col, LDL-C and Trig were statistically significant. A reduction in LDL-C was 10.73</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">mg/dL, which means a 10.93% of additional reduction over the standard therapy the patients were receiving. Concerning security, no relevant side effects were reported when adding RYR, even in a relevant percentage (35.4%)</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> myalgia disappeared (especially when reduc</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">ing the </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">titrating dose </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">of </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">the statin). <b>Conclusion:</b> Adding</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> RYR in secondary prevention patients in combination with the usual treatment, seems </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">to be </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">an effective alternative to optimi</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">z</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">e LDL levels and thus get</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> closer to the target set in the</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">guidelines, without adding relevant side effects, </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">and </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">even improving tolerance to the statins.</span>展开更多
The nutraceutical and botanical terms are often used by the lay press or for marketing purposes to describe health beneficial food, food supplements or herbs. However, there is no common definition of nutraceuticals o...The nutraceutical and botanical terms are often used by the lay press or for marketing purposes to describe health beneficial food, food supplements or herbs. However, there is no common definition of nutraceuticals or botanicals and moreover a lack of regulation that classifies this category. Concerning their health value, it is unclear if they belong to drugs or food. Currently, they fall into a legal limbo between both. This regulatory lack can lead to misuse of claims indicating a health benefit or the misleading of the consumer. This review will focus on current definitions of nutraceutical, botanical, functional food and food supplements with special emphasis on the differences between the US and European legislation. Some special considerations will be given for Germany, one of the main markets for food supplements in Europe.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has emerged as a significant global public health concern.Multiple studies have shown that traditional nutraceuticals are potential to treat T2DM and its complic...Background and Objectives:Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has emerged as a significant global public health concern.Multiple studies have shown that traditional nutraceuticals are potential to treat T2DM and its complications.This review will explore traditional nutraceuticals with antidiabetic properties with a focus on traditional Asian nutraceuticals and their antioxidant effects on gene expression associated to T2DM.Methods and Study Design:Literature searching was conducted in Pubmed,Scopus,and Science Direct using the keywords“nutraceutical”,“antidiabetic”,“insulin resistance”,“Diabetes Mellitus”,“herbal medicine”,“mechanism”,“pathway”,“traditional food”,“functional food”,“antioxidant”,“clinical”,“preclinical”,“animal studies”,and“Asian”combined with Boolean operators“OR”.Results:Nutraceuticals sourced from traditional Indonesian herbal beverages,including Galohgor,Bir Pletok,and Wedang Uwuh,have shown potential efficacy in reducing hyperglycemia,oxidative stress,and obesity in T2DM.展开更多
Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery,particularly through nanoformulations of phytoconstituents,enhancing their therapeutic potential.Despite their broad bioactivities,plant-based compounds often suffer fro...Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery,particularly through nanoformulations of phytoconstituents,enhancing their therapeutic potential.Despite their broad bioactivities,plant-based compounds often suffer from poor bioavailability and stability.Nanoformulations address these limitations by improving solubility,targeted delivery,and controlled release.This approach opens new possibilities for treating chronic diseases like cancer,diabetes,and neurodegenerative disorders.This review aims to examine recent advancements in nanotechnology-based formulation strategies designed to enhance the delivery,stability,and therapeutic efficacy of phytochemicals and also discusses regulatory issues,safety concerns,scalability,and cost-effectiveness.Emphasis was placed on nanoformulation techniques employed for key phytoconstituents such as curcumin,resveratrol,epigallocatechin gallate,and quercetin.The most commonly employed nanocarriers included polymeric nanoparticles,solid lipid nanoparticles,and liposomes.These formulations significantly improved the solubility,stability,and controlled release profiles of phytochemicals.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated enhanced anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and antioxidant activities.Moreover,surface-modified and targeted nanoparticles showed promise in increasing site-specific targeting and enhancing bioavailability of the encapsulated compounds.Nanoformulations present a promising strategy for overcoming the pharmacokinetic limitations of phytochemicals.Despite encouraging preclinical results,further studies are needed to address issues related to long-term safety,clinical efficacy,and regulatory approval for successful clinical translation.展开更多
Colon cancer is a world-wide health problem and the second-most dangerous type of cancer,affecting both men and women.The modern diet and lifestyles,with high meat consumption and excessive alcohol use,along with limi...Colon cancer is a world-wide health problem and the second-most dangerous type of cancer,affecting both men and women.The modern diet and lifestyles,with high meat consumption and excessive alcohol use,along with limited physical activity has led to an increasing mortality rate for colon cancer worldwide.As a result,there is a need to develop novel and environmentally benign drug therapies for colon cancer.Currently,nutraceuticals play an increasingly important role in the treatment of various chronic diseases such as colon cancer,diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.Nutraceuticals are derived from various natural sources such as medicinal plants,marine organisms,vegetables and fruits.Nutraceuticals have shown the potential to reduce the risk of colon cancer and slow its progression.These dietary substances target different molecular aspects of colon cancer development.Accordingly,this review briefly discusses the medicinal importance of nutraceuticals and their ability to reduce the risk of colorectal carcinogenesis.展开更多
Mushrooms have been an indispensable element of the human culture since antiquity and are cherished all over the globe for their nutritive and therapeutic benefits. Being acknowledged as “the new superfood” of the f...Mushrooms have been an indispensable element of the human culture since antiquity and are cherished all over the globe for their nutritive and therapeutic benefits. Being acknowledged as “the new superfood” of the future, they are a cardinal component of human diet for boosting health status and well being. Mushrooms are endowed with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, prebiotic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, upholding a great therapeutic potential and a huge spectrum of clinical applications. The wide ranges of bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, polysaccharides protein complexes, peptides and proteins, terpenoids and phenolic compounds have been reported from diverse groups of mushroom. Laden with a wealth of nutrients and innumerable biomolecules of therapeutic worth, they are internationally appreciated and envisaged as world's largest untapped resources of dietary supplements. In the recent years, owing to significant healthier lifestyle changes, dietary practices of people and consumers opting for immunity enhancing supplements especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the yearning for mushroom based nutraceuticals and functional foods is on rise. This review gives comprehensive details on the biodiversity of mushrooms, its nutritional and medicinal importance, secondary metabolites especially of nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical potential, and their role as bioactive agents and application in preparing mushroom based value-added products.展开更多
Good nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining a balanced lifestyle. The beneficial effects of nutrition have been found to counteract nutritional disturbances with the expanded use of nutraceuticals to treat and ...Good nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining a balanced lifestyle. The beneficial effects of nutrition have been found to counteract nutritional disturbances with the expanded use of nutraceuticals to treat and manage cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other developmental defects over the last decade. Flavonoids are found abundantly in plant-derived foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. Fruits and vegetables contain phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. Flavonoids can act as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-microbial(antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diarrheal agents. Flavonoids are also reported to upregulate apoptotic activity in several cancers such as hepatic, pancreatic, breast, esophageal, and colon. Myricetin is a flavonol which is naturally present in fruits and vegetables and has shown possible nutraceutical value. Myricetin has been portrayed as a potent nutraceutical that may protect against cancer. The focus of the present review is to present an updated account of studies demonstrating the anticancer potential of myricetin and the molecular mechanisms involved therein. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying its anticancer activity would eventually help in its development as a novel anticancer nutraceutical having minimal side effects.展开更多
The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmento...The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration,leads to vision loss or blindness.While primary cell death is driven by genetic mutations,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation,additional mechanisms contribute to disease progression.In retinitis pigmentosa,a multitude of genetic alterations can trigger the degeneration of photoreceptors,while other retinopathies,such as agerelated macular degeneration,are initiated by combinations of environmental factors,such as diet,smoking,and hypertension,with genetic predispositions.Nutraceutical therapies,which blend the principles of nutrition and pharmaceuticals,aim to harness the health benefits of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications.These compounds generally possess multi-target effects.Polyphenols and flavonoids,secondary plant metabolites abundant in plant-based foods,are known for their antioxidant,neuroprotective,and anti-inflammatory properties.This review focuses on the potential of polyphenols and flavonoids as nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.Furthermore,the importance of developing reliable delivery methods to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these compounds will be discussed.By combining nutraceuticals with other emerging therapies,such as genetic and cell-based treatments,it is possible to offer a more comprehensive approach to treating retinal degenerative diseases.These advancements could lead to a viable and accessible option,improving the quality of life for patients with retinal diseases.展开更多
Purslane(Portulaca oleracea)is a vegetable that contains minerals and nutraceuticals,with protein levels of 25.9%on a fresh weight basis and also contains N,P,Fe,Mg,Mn,Cu,and Zn.It is cultivated in temperate and tropi...Purslane(Portulaca oleracea)is a vegetable that contains minerals and nutraceuticals,with protein levels of 25.9%on a fresh weight basis and also contains N,P,Fe,Mg,Mn,Cu,and Zn.It is cultivated in temperate and tropical regions in individual plots under intensive management and mainly in hydroponic systems.Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)is a tropical fish considered suitable for cultivation,as its biological characteristics offer significant competitive advantages compared to other fish,including rapid body growth,resistance to environments with changes in temperature,dissolved oxygen,salinity,and water pH,as well as resistance to diseases,easy reproduction,and adaptability to management and feeding under captive conditions.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Micucci et al published in the recent issue.We focus on the heterogenous nature of gastric cancer(GC)and the potential benefits of integrating traditional Chinese medicin...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Micucci et al published in the recent issue.We focus on the heterogenous nature of gastric cancer(GC)and the potential benefits of integrating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with the modern technology of network pharmacology(NP)and omics sequencing.GC is a heterogenous disease,as it incorporates several biochemical pathways that contribute to pathogenesis.TCM acknowledges the multifactorial,heterogenous nature of disease and utilizes an integrative approach to medicine.NP,a modern philosophy within drug development,integrates traditional knowledge of nutraceuticals and modern technologies to address the complex interactions of pathways within the body.Omics technologies,which is at the core of precision medicine,has allowed for this newfound principle of drug development.Metabolic pathways are better distinguished,leading to more targeted drug development.However,the use of omics technology needs to be employed to better characterize the subtypes of GC.This will allow TCM’s use of nutraceuticals in the application of NP to better target metabolic pathways that may aid in the prevention of GC as well as enhance treatment.展开更多
The trial by Cano Contreras et al examined a proprietary formulation containing Silybum marianum and alpha-lipoic acid(SM-ALA),combined with a Mediter-ranean diet,in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated stea...The trial by Cano Contreras et al examined a proprietary formulation containing Silybum marianum and alpha-lipoic acid(SM-ALA),combined with a Mediter-ranean diet,in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.While some metabolic benefits were observed,limitations such as the absence of an SM-ALA-only group,the lack of histological data,and a small sam-ple size reduce the validity of the findings.Future research should follow clinical trial standards for pharmacological studies,including phase 1/2 testing,validated outcomes,and transparency.展开更多
Pentadecanoic acid(C15:0)is an odd-chain fatty acid,theβ-oxidation of which yields propionyl-CoA that replenishes succinyl-CoA and tricarboxylic acid cycle flux;higher circulating levels are associated with reduced t...Pentadecanoic acid(C15:0)is an odd-chain fatty acid,theβ-oxidation of which yields propionyl-CoA that replenishes succinyl-CoA and tricarboxylic acid cycle flux;higher circulating levels are associated with reduced type 2 diabetes,cardiovascular disease,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,and mortality.Summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these associations.A comprehensive literature search(2000-2025)identified studies of C15:0’s mechanistic actions in vitro and in vivo,and multi-omics studies focused on receptor binding,signaling cascades,gene expression,and comparative pharmacology.C15:0 is a dual partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα/δagonist.It activates AMP-activated protein kinase,suppresses mechanistic target of rapamycin,and selectively inhibits histone deacetylase 6.It augments succinate-driven complex II respiration,preserves mitochondrial membrane potential,limits reactive oxygen species,and attenuates interleukin-6(IL-6)–triggered Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor kappa B p65 signaling,lowering monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and IL-6.Across the BioMAP®human-primarycell platform–which tests 12 distinct primary human cell systems such as endothelial cells,fibroblasts,macrophages,and T-cells–C15:0(17μM)produced statistically significant changes in 36 mechanistically diverse biomarkers.This broad,multipathway modulation mirrors the phenotype produced by metformin and rapamycin,yet occurred with no detectable cytotoxicity,paralleling metformin and rapamycin with negligible cytotoxicity.C15:0 engages receptor targets that converge on enhanced lipid oxidation,cellular energetics,and inflammation resolution.Although prospective clinical outcomes are still lacking,the pleiotropic mechanism profile positions C15:0 as a potentially unique nutraceutical or adjunct therapeutic candidate.Further research is warranted to confirm its clinical impacts,optimize dosing,and clarify long-term safety as an essential fatty acid supporting metabolic and immune homeostasis.展开更多
基金support from the “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Foundation” (Milan, Italy)Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Piacenza, Italy)。
文摘The transition period of dairy cattle is characterized by a number of metabolic, endocrine, physiologic, and immune adaptations, including the occurrence of negative energy balance, hypocalcemia, liver dysfunction, overt systemic inflammatory response, and oxidative stress status. The degree and length of time during which these systems remain out of balance could render cows more susceptible to disease, poor reproductive outcomes, and less efficient for milk production and quality. Studies on both monogastrics and ruminants have reported the health benefits of nutraceuticals(e.g. probiotics, prebiotics, dietary lipids, functional peptides, phytoextracts) beyond nutritional value, interacting at different levels of the animal's physiology. From a physiological standpoint, it seems unrealistic to disregard any systemic inflammatory processes. However, an alternate approach is to modulate the inflammatory process per se and to resolve the systemic response as quickly as possible.To this aim, a growing body of literature underscores the efficacy of nutraceuticals(active compounds) during the critical phase of the transition period. Supplementation of essential fatty acids throughout a 2-month period(i.e. a month before and a month after calving) successfully attenuates the inflammatory status with a quicker resolution of phenomenon. In this context, the inflammatory and immune response scenario has been recognized to be targeted by the beneficial effect of methyl donors, such as methionine and choline, directly and indirectly modulating such response with the increase of antioxidants GSH and taurine. Indirectly by the establishment of a healthy gastrointestinal tract, yeast and yeast-based products showed to modulate the immune response, mitigating negative effects associated with parturition stress and consequent disorders.The use of phytoproducts has garnered high interest because of their wide range of actions on multiple tissue targets encompassing a series of antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, immune-stimulating, rumen fermentation, and microbial modulation effects. In this review, we provide perspectives on investigations of regulating the immune responses and metabolism using several nutraceuticals in the periparturient cow.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of articular cartilage with limited treatment options. This reality encourages clinicians to suggest preventive measures to delay and contain the outbreak of the pathological conditions. Articular cartilage and synovium suffering from OA are characterised by an inflammatory state and by significant oxidative stress,responsible for pain,swelling and loss of mobility in the advanced stages. This review will focus on the ability of olive oil to exert positive effects on the entire joint to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine release and increase lubricin synthesis,olive leaf extract,since it maintains lubrication by stimulating high molecular weight hyaluronan synthesis in synovial cells,curcumin,which delays the start of pathological cartilage breakdown,sanguinarine,which downregulates catabolic proteases,vitamin D for its capacity to influence the oxidative and proinflammatory environment,and carnosic acid as an inducer of heme oxygenase-1,which helps preserve cartilage degeneration. These molecules,considered as natural dietary supplements,appear like a cuttingedge answer to this tough health problem,playing a major role in controlling homeostatic balance loss and slowing down the pathology progression. Natural or food-derived molecules that are able to exert potential therapeutic effects are known as "nutraceutical",resulting from the combination of the words "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical". These compounds have gained popularity due to their easy availability,which represents a huge advantage for food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition,the chronic nature of OA implies the use of pharmacological compounds with proven longterm safety,especially because current treatments like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesicsimprove pain relief but have no effect on degenerative progression and can also cause serious side effects.
基金This work was supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-20).
文摘Extensive elucidations focusing on the efficient health promoting properties and high nutritional values of mushrooms have been expanded dynamically from the past few decades.Due to its high quality of proteins,polysaccharides,unsaturated fatty acids,mineral substances,triterpenes sterols and secondary metabolites,mushrooms have always been appreciated for their vital role in protecting and curing various health problems,such as immunodeficiency,cancer,inflammation,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,hypercholesterolemia and obesity.Moreover,investigations in recent years have revealed the correlations between the health-promoting benefits and gut microbiota regulating effects induced by the mushrooms intake.Researches on the immense role in the nutritional and health benefits displayed by mushrooms have become an emergent task to study.The present article overviewed and compiled the latest information correlated to the health benefits and underlying functional mechanisms of mushroom nutraceuticals,and concluded that the supplementation of mushrooms as a dietary composition could become a natural adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of several health diseases.
文摘Objective:Nutraceutical products are widely used for their claimed therapeutic benefits.However,falsified or adulterated nutraceuticals present a major health threat to consumers.This study investigates the pharmaceutical quality,safety and anti-inflammatory effects of six male enhancement nutraceuticals that claim to be 100%natural.Methods:Three batches of six male enhancement products were tested to detect the presence and levels of adulterants via high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The pharmaceutical quality of the selected nutraceuticals was tested with near infrared spectroscopy(NIR)and Se De M.The cytotoxic effects of these products on HepG2 cells were determined through cell proliferation(XTT)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)cytotoxicity assays.Lastly,the in vitro inflammatory effects of these products were investigated using murine J774 macrophages through cytokine release analysis.Results:HPLC analysis detected the presence of sildenafil citrate,a vasodilator,and the active ingredient in Viagra and Revatio,in all batches of the products we analyzed.Amount of sildenafil citrate ranged from 0.45 mg to 51.85 mg among different batches.NIR assessment showed inter-and intra-batch heterogeneity in product composition.Results of the XTT and LDH assays showed significant cytotoxic effects of the analyzed products.XTT analysis revealed that the viability of HepG2 treated with tested products varied from 27.57%to 41.43%.Interestingly,the male enhancement products also showed anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusion:Despite their labeling as 100%natural,all products tested in this study contained levels of sildenafil citrate,which was not reported on the packaging.There was a lack of pharmaceutical uniformity among products of the same batch and across different batches.Additionally,the products we tested had cytotoxic effects.These study findings highlight the adulteration,poor quality and hazard of these nutraceuticals.Therefore,strict regulation of these products and standardization of the definition of nutraceuticals are urgently needed.Further,these falsely advertised products should be withdrawn from the market due to potential adverse effects on the health of their consumers.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BK2012367)Young Independent Innovation Fund from Nanjing Agricultural University (No. Y0201200238)+1 种基金United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative (No. 2009-35603-05071, QH)a project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development of efficient food-grade oral nano-delivery systems for encapsulation, protection and target delivery of nutraceuticals to enhance their bioavailability, fiarther to prevent disease and promote human health and well-being. Food proteins represent promising candidates for efficient nutraceutical nanocarriers due to their exceptional characteristics, namely biodegradability, nonantigenicity, high nutritional value, abundant renewable sources and extraordinary binding capacity to various nutraceuticals. In addition, their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, low cost, and non-starch polysaccharides possess many favourable characteristics such as stability in the harsh gastric environment, resistance to digestive enzymes, and mucoadhesiveness to intestinal mucosal surface. This review describes the design and formation of nanoscaled delivery systems for nutraceuticals using food-grade proteins （including peptides）, polysaccharides and their associative complexes. The toxicity and cellular uptake fate of the nanostructures, as well as their effects on the intestinal absorption of the encapsulated nutraceuticals were also discussed.
文摘The roles of dietary fibers and nutraceuticals for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease from childhood are reviewed. Nutrition as an epigenetic modifier and the roles of endothelium, risk factors, epidemiological evidence and Mediterranean diet are critically analysed. Overfeeding in childhood can lead to the development of obesity and/or atherosclerosis in adult life. In particular, a high intake of nutrients affects the in utero programming with the adverse consequences of insulin resistance an endothelial dysfunction that lead to early atherosclerosis. Dietary fibers have important health benefits in childhood and research suggests that they may prevent obesity and lower blood cholesterol levels with a favourable impact on the risk of future cardiovascular disease incidence. However, it is for further studies to assess whether also in Southern European Countries, practicing Mediterranean diet as a normal habit, dietary fibers may contribute to modify the relatively low proportion of hyperlipemia observed in our population.
文摘Arthritis (AR) is a disease that affects the joints and of which there are, remarkably, over 100 different types. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common subgroup of OA. KOA is a pathological degeneration of joints, connective tissue and the sub-chondral bone of the knee. The origin of the disease is not fully understood but the etiology includes risk factors such as age, gender, physiological trauma and BMI. It is a complex pathological state of cause, effect, and manifestation where the exact mechanisms responsible are not visible. Inflammatory mediators are involved in the progression of KOA and this cascade of reactions to the inflicted area is unfortunately chronic. Pain is a key feature, and it ranges from mild to severe. Patients are likely to use analgesics that are more potent than “over the counter” (OCT) drugs at some stage. As the condition develops over time the need increases and prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids are used. NSAIDs can help reduce the pain as well as enhance the joints range of movements again. However not in an optimal way, nor do they have the ability to alter any of the mechanisms behind the disease. Inevitably, the side effects from the medicine will have a negative impact on the patient;even more so the longer they are used. Currently, alternative medicine and nutraceuticals can be controversial. Several countries and organizations consistently deny any beneficial outcome from these in the context of KOA-treatment. Official statements are made about the lack of evidence and consequently official non-recommendations are commonplace. This review will show viable complementary alternative medicine (CAM) that has been studied over decades with unequivocal positive results on KOA. These options exhibit minimal side effects and a high safety-margin. Included are up-to date clinical studies with current evidence of beneficial effects. This review presents key strategies for the arthritis patients. A dietary plan not to deviate from and the use of specific nutrients and herbs. The analysis of nutrachemicals include glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, collagen type 1, undenatured collagen type II and hyaluronic acid. Therapeutic dosages of nutraceuticals as well as a specified diet designed to curb and to some extent reverse KOA. Traditional Chinese medicine consisting of T. wilfordii, A. bidentate, bromelain, Boswellia and Curcuma longa. To a certain extent these nutraceuticals have an ability that is absent in current pharmacological treatments. The ability to reverse and sometimes rebuild tissues and cells affected by KOA. All nutraceuticals in the review is evaluated with the standard methods WOMAC and VAS in order to measure degrees of pain, stiffness and functionalities of the knee.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> Long</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">-</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">term survival in acute coronary syndrome has increased steadily in the last decades. Follow-up studies developed in this patient clearly reveal that they are at risk of suffering a new event, placing them in a new stage, secondary prevention. Assuming this increased risk, the control target of their cardiovascular risk factors become more ambitious. In this field, control of Cholesterol levels, particularly LDL-C, ha</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> arisen as a priority objective in patients with coronary arterial disease. In this sense, management of </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">dyslipidemia </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">guidelines, recently recognise</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> the role of functional food, highlighting among them </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">is </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">the Red Yeast Rice (RYR). The aim of the study is to establish the potential role of functional food, in secondary prevention</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> while deter</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">mining its additional capacity to reduce LDL-C in patients that despite optimal classic treatment (maximum tolerated dose of stain plus Ezetimibe) </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">is</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> still out of control objectives. <b>Results and Discussion:</b> 88 patients were included and after 3 months of treatment with RYR, their lipid profiles were compared with the baseline. The variation of T-Col, LDL-C and Trig were statistically significant. A reduction in LDL-C was 10.73</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">mg/dL, which means a 10.93% of additional reduction over the standard therapy the patients were receiving. Concerning security, no relevant side effects were reported when adding RYR, even in a relevant percentage (35.4%)</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> myalgia disappeared (especially when reduc</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">ing the </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">titrating dose </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">of </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">the statin). <b>Conclusion:</b> Adding</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> RYR in secondary prevention patients in combination with the usual treatment, seems </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">to be </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">an effective alternative to optimi</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">z</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">e LDL levels and thus get</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> closer to the target set in the</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">guidelines, without adding relevant side effects, </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">and </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">even improving tolerance to the statins.</span>
文摘The nutraceutical and botanical terms are often used by the lay press or for marketing purposes to describe health beneficial food, food supplements or herbs. However, there is no common definition of nutraceuticals or botanicals and moreover a lack of regulation that classifies this category. Concerning their health value, it is unclear if they belong to drugs or food. Currently, they fall into a legal limbo between both. This regulatory lack can lead to misuse of claims indicating a health benefit or the misleading of the consumer. This review will focus on current definitions of nutraceutical, botanical, functional food and food supplements with special emphasis on the differences between the US and European legislation. Some special considerations will be given for Germany, one of the main markets for food supplements in Europe.
基金supported by Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology,Republic of Indonesia under the Regular Fundamental Research Grant[Grant No.22049/IT3.D10/PT.01.03/P/B/2024]。
文摘Background and Objectives:Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has emerged as a significant global public health concern.Multiple studies have shown that traditional nutraceuticals are potential to treat T2DM and its complications.This review will explore traditional nutraceuticals with antidiabetic properties with a focus on traditional Asian nutraceuticals and their antioxidant effects on gene expression associated to T2DM.Methods and Study Design:Literature searching was conducted in Pubmed,Scopus,and Science Direct using the keywords“nutraceutical”,“antidiabetic”,“insulin resistance”,“Diabetes Mellitus”,“herbal medicine”,“mechanism”,“pathway”,“traditional food”,“functional food”,“antioxidant”,“clinical”,“preclinical”,“animal studies”,and“Asian”combined with Boolean operators“OR”.Results:Nutraceuticals sourced from traditional Indonesian herbal beverages,including Galohgor,Bir Pletok,and Wedang Uwuh,have shown potential efficacy in reducing hyperglycemia,oxidative stress,and obesity in T2DM.
文摘Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery,particularly through nanoformulations of phytoconstituents,enhancing their therapeutic potential.Despite their broad bioactivities,plant-based compounds often suffer from poor bioavailability and stability.Nanoformulations address these limitations by improving solubility,targeted delivery,and controlled release.This approach opens new possibilities for treating chronic diseases like cancer,diabetes,and neurodegenerative disorders.This review aims to examine recent advancements in nanotechnology-based formulation strategies designed to enhance the delivery,stability,and therapeutic efficacy of phytochemicals and also discusses regulatory issues,safety concerns,scalability,and cost-effectiveness.Emphasis was placed on nanoformulation techniques employed for key phytoconstituents such as curcumin,resveratrol,epigallocatechin gallate,and quercetin.The most commonly employed nanocarriers included polymeric nanoparticles,solid lipid nanoparticles,and liposomes.These formulations significantly improved the solubility,stability,and controlled release profiles of phytochemicals.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated enhanced anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and antioxidant activities.Moreover,surface-modified and targeted nanoparticles showed promise in increasing site-specific targeting and enhancing bioavailability of the encapsulated compounds.Nanoformulations present a promising strategy for overcoming the pharmacokinetic limitations of phytochemicals.Despite encouraging preclinical results,further studies are needed to address issues related to long-term safety,clinical efficacy,and regulatory approval for successful clinical translation.
基金This work has been supported by the Universiti Malaysia Pahang through the internal research Grant Nos.RDU 120302 and GRS 130336.
文摘Colon cancer is a world-wide health problem and the second-most dangerous type of cancer,affecting both men and women.The modern diet and lifestyles,with high meat consumption and excessive alcohol use,along with limited physical activity has led to an increasing mortality rate for colon cancer worldwide.As a result,there is a need to develop novel and environmentally benign drug therapies for colon cancer.Currently,nutraceuticals play an increasingly important role in the treatment of various chronic diseases such as colon cancer,diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.Nutraceuticals are derived from various natural sources such as medicinal plants,marine organisms,vegetables and fruits.Nutraceuticals have shown the potential to reduce the risk of colon cancer and slow its progression.These dietary substances target different molecular aspects of colon cancer development.Accordingly,this review briefly discusses the medicinal importance of nutraceuticals and their ability to reduce the risk of colorectal carcinogenesis.
基金grateful to the Department of Biotechnology,Dr.KSG Akal College of Agriculture,Eternal University,Baru Sahib and Department of Environment,Science&Technology(DEST),Shimla Himachal Pradesh,India for funding the project“Development of Microbial Consortium as Bio-inoculants for Drought and Low Temperature Growing Crops for Organic Farming in Himachal Pradesh”as well as for providing the facilities and financial support,to undertake the investigations.
文摘Mushrooms have been an indispensable element of the human culture since antiquity and are cherished all over the globe for their nutritive and therapeutic benefits. Being acknowledged as “the new superfood” of the future, they are a cardinal component of human diet for boosting health status and well being. Mushrooms are endowed with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, prebiotic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, upholding a great therapeutic potential and a huge spectrum of clinical applications. The wide ranges of bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, polysaccharides protein complexes, peptides and proteins, terpenoids and phenolic compounds have been reported from diverse groups of mushroom. Laden with a wealth of nutrients and innumerable biomolecules of therapeutic worth, they are internationally appreciated and envisaged as world's largest untapped resources of dietary supplements. In the recent years, owing to significant healthier lifestyle changes, dietary practices of people and consumers opting for immunity enhancing supplements especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the yearning for mushroom based nutraceuticals and functional foods is on rise. This review gives comprehensive details on the biodiversity of mushrooms, its nutritional and medicinal importance, secondary metabolites especially of nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical potential, and their role as bioactive agents and application in preparing mushroom based value-added products.
文摘Good nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining a balanced lifestyle. The beneficial effects of nutrition have been found to counteract nutritional disturbances with the expanded use of nutraceuticals to treat and manage cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other developmental defects over the last decade. Flavonoids are found abundantly in plant-derived foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. Fruits and vegetables contain phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. Flavonoids can act as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-microbial(antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diarrheal agents. Flavonoids are also reported to upregulate apoptotic activity in several cancers such as hepatic, pancreatic, breast, esophageal, and colon. Myricetin is a flavonol which is naturally present in fruits and vegetables and has shown possible nutraceutical value. Myricetin has been portrayed as a potent nutraceutical that may protect against cancer. The focus of the present review is to present an updated account of studies demonstrating the anticancer potential of myricetin and the molecular mechanisms involved therein. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying its anticancer activity would eventually help in its development as a novel anticancer nutraceutical having minimal side effects.
基金Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP,Brazil,#2020/11667-0)and Universidade Federal do ABC(UFABC,Brazil)were recipients of fellowships from FAPESP:THLV(#2021/11969-9 and#2024/00828-3),GBS(#2021/14227-3),and GMB(#2024/10858-7)+1 种基金recipients of fellowships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES,Brazil):MIM(Finance Code 001,#88887.597402/2021-00)recipients of fellowships from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq,Brazil.):GKD(#145164/2024-1),and DRA(#308819/2022-5).
文摘The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration,leads to vision loss or blindness.While primary cell death is driven by genetic mutations,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation,additional mechanisms contribute to disease progression.In retinitis pigmentosa,a multitude of genetic alterations can trigger the degeneration of photoreceptors,while other retinopathies,such as agerelated macular degeneration,are initiated by combinations of environmental factors,such as diet,smoking,and hypertension,with genetic predispositions.Nutraceutical therapies,which blend the principles of nutrition and pharmaceuticals,aim to harness the health benefits of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications.These compounds generally possess multi-target effects.Polyphenols and flavonoids,secondary plant metabolites abundant in plant-based foods,are known for their antioxidant,neuroprotective,and anti-inflammatory properties.This review focuses on the potential of polyphenols and flavonoids as nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.Furthermore,the importance of developing reliable delivery methods to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these compounds will be discussed.By combining nutraceuticals with other emerging therapies,such as genetic and cell-based treatments,it is possible to offer a more comprehensive approach to treating retinal degenerative diseases.These advancements could lead to a viable and accessible option,improving the quality of life for patients with retinal diseases.
文摘Purslane(Portulaca oleracea)is a vegetable that contains minerals and nutraceuticals,with protein levels of 25.9%on a fresh weight basis and also contains N,P,Fe,Mg,Mn,Cu,and Zn.It is cultivated in temperate and tropical regions in individual plots under intensive management and mainly in hydroponic systems.Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)is a tropical fish considered suitable for cultivation,as its biological characteristics offer significant competitive advantages compared to other fish,including rapid body growth,resistance to environments with changes in temperature,dissolved oxygen,salinity,and water pH,as well as resistance to diseases,easy reproduction,and adaptability to management and feeding under captive conditions.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Micucci et al published in the recent issue.We focus on the heterogenous nature of gastric cancer(GC)and the potential benefits of integrating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with the modern technology of network pharmacology(NP)and omics sequencing.GC is a heterogenous disease,as it incorporates several biochemical pathways that contribute to pathogenesis.TCM acknowledges the multifactorial,heterogenous nature of disease and utilizes an integrative approach to medicine.NP,a modern philosophy within drug development,integrates traditional knowledge of nutraceuticals and modern technologies to address the complex interactions of pathways within the body.Omics technologies,which is at the core of precision medicine,has allowed for this newfound principle of drug development.Metabolic pathways are better distinguished,leading to more targeted drug development.However,the use of omics technology needs to be employed to better characterize the subtypes of GC.This will allow TCM’s use of nutraceuticals in the application of NP to better target metabolic pathways that may aid in the prevention of GC as well as enhance treatment.
文摘The trial by Cano Contreras et al examined a proprietary formulation containing Silybum marianum and alpha-lipoic acid(SM-ALA),combined with a Mediter-ranean diet,in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.While some metabolic benefits were observed,limitations such as the absence of an SM-ALA-only group,the lack of histological data,and a small sam-ple size reduce the validity of the findings.Future research should follow clinical trial standards for pharmacological studies,including phase 1/2 testing,validated outcomes,and transparency.
文摘Pentadecanoic acid(C15:0)is an odd-chain fatty acid,theβ-oxidation of which yields propionyl-CoA that replenishes succinyl-CoA and tricarboxylic acid cycle flux;higher circulating levels are associated with reduced type 2 diabetes,cardiovascular disease,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,and mortality.Summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these associations.A comprehensive literature search(2000-2025)identified studies of C15:0’s mechanistic actions in vitro and in vivo,and multi-omics studies focused on receptor binding,signaling cascades,gene expression,and comparative pharmacology.C15:0 is a dual partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα/δagonist.It activates AMP-activated protein kinase,suppresses mechanistic target of rapamycin,and selectively inhibits histone deacetylase 6.It augments succinate-driven complex II respiration,preserves mitochondrial membrane potential,limits reactive oxygen species,and attenuates interleukin-6(IL-6)–triggered Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor kappa B p65 signaling,lowering monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and IL-6.Across the BioMAP®human-primarycell platform–which tests 12 distinct primary human cell systems such as endothelial cells,fibroblasts,macrophages,and T-cells–C15:0(17μM)produced statistically significant changes in 36 mechanistically diverse biomarkers.This broad,multipathway modulation mirrors the phenotype produced by metformin and rapamycin,yet occurred with no detectable cytotoxicity,paralleling metformin and rapamycin with negligible cytotoxicity.C15:0 engages receptor targets that converge on enhanced lipid oxidation,cellular energetics,and inflammation resolution.Although prospective clinical outcomes are still lacking,the pleiotropic mechanism profile positions C15:0 as a potentially unique nutraceutical or adjunct therapeutic candidate.Further research is warranted to confirm its clinical impacts,optimize dosing,and clarify long-term safety as an essential fatty acid supporting metabolic and immune homeostasis.
