Quantum computing offers unprecedented computational power, enabling simultaneous computations beyond traditional computers. Quantum computers differ significantly from classical computers, necessitating a distinct ap...Quantum computing offers unprecedented computational power, enabling simultaneous computations beyond traditional computers. Quantum computers differ significantly from classical computers, necessitating a distinct approach to algorithm design, which involves taming quantum mechanical phenomena. This paper extends the numbering of computable programs to be applied in the quantum computing context. Numbering computable programs is a theoretical computer science concept that assigns unique numbers to individual programs or algorithms. Common methods include Gödel numbering which encodes programs as strings of symbols or characters, often used in formal systems and mathematical logic. Based on the proposed numbering approach, this paper presents a mechanism to explore the set of possible quantum algorithms. The proposed approach is able to construct useful circuits such as Quantum Key Distribution BB84 protocol, which enables sender and receiver to establish a secure cryptographic key via a quantum channel. The proposed approach facilitates the process of exploring and constructing quantum algorithms.展开更多
Within the publishing industry,article numbering has emerged as an easy and efficient way to cite journal articles.Article numbering has already been successfully rolled out to Elsevier's multidisciplinary open ac...Within the publishing industry,article numbering has emerged as an easy and efficient way to cite journal articles.Article numbering has already been successfully rolled out to Elsevier's multidisciplinary open access journal Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,as well as more than 1600 other journals,and has been well received by the academic community.Based on that positive feedback,we are now pleased to introduce article numbering to Visual Informatics from Volume 9,Issue 2.展开更多
In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random vari...In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random variables,and another is for sub-orthogonal random variables.Both extend the strong law of large numbers for independent random variables under sublinear expectations to the non-independent case.展开更多
In mammals,the litter size is approximately half the number of mammae,known as the‘one-half rule’,which has been recognized since the time of Aristotle in ancient Greece(Aristotle,1937)and applies to many species(Gi...In mammals,the litter size is approximately half the number of mammae,known as the‘one-half rule’,which has been recognized since the time of Aristotle in ancient Greece(Aristotle,1937)and applies to many species(Gilbert,1986;Diamond,1987).In contrast,arboreal squirrels,including flying squirrels,notably diverge from this norm by producing fewer offspring(Gilbert,1986).However,the reasons underlying this smaller litter size in arboreal squirrels have long remained elusive.展开更多
The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF...The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF)argon plasma,and the temperatures were measured using a DPV-2000 monitor.A model combining the electromagnetism,thermal flow,and heat transfer characteristics of powder during in-flight heating in argon plasma was proposed.The melting processes of CeO_(2)powders of different diameters,with and without thermal resistance effect,were investigated.Results show that the heating process of CeO_(2)powder particles consists of three main stages,one of which is relevant to a dimensionless parameter known as the Biot number.When the Biot value≥0.1,thermal resistance increases significantly,especially for the larger powders.The predicted temperature of the particles at the outlet(1800–2880 K)is in good agreement with the experimental result.展开更多
The theory of numberings studies uniform computations for families of mathematical objects. In this area, computability-theoretic properties of at most countable families of sets S are typically classified via the cor...The theory of numberings studies uniform computations for families of mathematical objects. In this area, computability-theoretic properties of at most countable families of sets S are typically classified via the corresponding Rogers upper semilattices. In most cases, a Rogers semilattice cannot be a lattice. Working within the framework of Formal Concept Analysis, we develop two new approaches to the classification of families S. Similarly to the classical theory of numberings, each of the approaches assigns to a family S its own concept lattice. The first approach captures the cardinality of a family S: if S contains more than 2 elements, then the corresponding concept lattice FC1(S) is a modular lattice of height 3, such that the number of its atoms to the cardinality of S. Our second approach gives a much richer environment. We prove that for any countable poset P, there exists a family S such that the induced concept lattice FC2(S) is isomorphic to the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of P. We also establish connections with the class of enumerative lattices introduced by Hoyrup and Rojas in their studies of algorithmic randomness. We show that every lattice FC2(S) is anti-isomorphic to an enumerative lattice. In addition, every enumerative lattice is anti-isomorphic to a sublattice of the lattice FC2(S) for some family S.展开更多
Revised September 2013 by J.-F. Arguin LBNL）, L. Garren （Fermilab）, F. Krauss （Durham U.）, C.-J. Lin （LBNL）, S. Navas （U. Granada）, P. Richardson （Durham U.）, and T. Sjostrand （Lund U.）.
Topology,as a mathematical concept,has been introduced into condensed matter physics since the discovery of quantum Hall effect,which characterizes new physical scenario beyond the Landau theory.The topologically prot...Topology,as a mathematical concept,has been introduced into condensed matter physics since the discovery of quantum Hall effect,which characterizes new physical scenario beyond the Landau theory.The topologically protected physical quantities,such as the dissipationless quantum transport of edge/surface states as well as magnetic/dipole quasi-particles like skyrmions/bimerons,have attracted great research enthusiasms in the past decades.In recent years,another kind of topology in condensed matter was revealed in the magnetoelectric parameter space of multiferroics,which deepens our understanding of magnetoelectric physics.This topical review summarizes recent advances in this area,involving three types of type-Ⅱmultiferroics.With magnetism-induced ferroelectricity,topological behaviors can be manifested during the magnetoelectric switching processes driven by magnetic/electric fields,such as Roman-surface/Riemann-surface magnetoelectricity and magnetic crankshaft.These exotic topological magnetoelectric behaviors may be helpful to pursue energy-efficient and precise-control devices for spintronics and quantum computing.展开更多
In this study,with the aim of achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in an electron-bombarded complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(EBCMOS)imaging chip,we analyzed the sources of noise using principles from low-...In this study,with the aim of achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in an electron-bombarded complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(EBCMOS)imaging chip,we analyzed the sources of noise using principles from low-light-level imaging and semiconductor theory,and established a physical computational model that relates the electron-multiplication layer to the noise characteristics of an EBCMOS chip in a uniformly doped structure with a P-type substrate.We conducted theoretical calculations to analyze the effects on noise characteristics of the passivation layer material and thickness,P-substrate doping concentration,P-substrate thickness,incident electron energy,and substrate temperature.By comparing the characteristics of pixel noise,dark current,multiplication electron numbers,and SNR under various structures,we simulated optimized structural parameters of the device.Our simulation results showed that the noise characteristics of the device could be optimized using an Al_(2)O_(3)passivation thickness of 15 nm and substrate temperature of 260 K,and by decreasing the doping concentration and thickness of the P-type substrate and increasing the incident electron energy.The optimized SNR were 252 e/e.And the substantial impact of dark current noise,primarily governed by interfacial defects,on the overall noise characteristics of the device.This research offers theoretical support to develop EBCMOS imaging chips with high gain and SNR.展开更多
In this study,the dynamic characteristics of microscale floating bubbles near the vertical wall are studied.This occurrence is common in industrial and natural phenomena.Although many studies have been conducted on mi...In this study,the dynamic characteristics of microscale floating bubbles near the vertical wall are studied.This occurrence is common in industrial and natural phenomena.Although many studies have been conducted on microscale bubbles,few studies investigate floating bubbles with very small Reynolds number(Re)near the wall,which is the main research goal of this study.Therefore,this study establishes a model for the ascent of small-scale bubbles near a vertical wall using the interFoam solver in OpenFOAM.This study investigates the influences of diverse viscosity parameters,varying distances from the wall,and different gas flow rates on the terminal velocity,deformation,and motion trajectory of bubbles.The results reveal that as liquid viscosity increases,the Re of bubbles gradually decreases and reaches a minimum of 0.012,which is similar to the Re of micrometer-sized bubbles in water.The characteristics of the wall-induced force in the longitudinal direction are closely related to the changes in liquid viscosity.Under low-viscosity conditions,the induced lift is the principal form of action,whereas under high-viscosity conditions,it is primarily manifested as induced drag.展开更多
Aerodynamic performances of axial compressors are significantly affected by variation of Reynolds number in aero-engines.In the design and analysis of compressors,previous correction methods for cascades and stages ha...Aerodynamic performances of axial compressors are significantly affected by variation of Reynolds number in aero-engines.In the design and analysis of compressors,previous correction methods for cascades and stages have difficulties in predicting comprehensively Reynolds number effects on airfoils,matching and characteristics curves.This study proposes Re-correction models for loss,deviation angle and endwall blockage based on classical theories and cascade tests,and loss and deviation models show good agreement in test data of NACA65 and C4 cascades.Throughflow method considering Reynolds number effects is developed by integrating the correction models into a verified Streamline Curvature(SLC)tool.A three-stage axial compressor is investigated through SLC and CFD methods from design Reynolds number(Red=2106)to low Re=4104,and the numerical methods are validated with test data of characteristic curves and spanwise distributions at Red.With Re reduction,SLC method with correction models well predicts variation in overall performances compared with CFD calculations and Wassell's model.Streamwise and spanwise matching such as total pressure and loss distributions in SLC predictions are basically consistent with those in CFD results at near-stall points under design and low Reynolds numbers.SLC and CFD methods share similar detections of stall risks in the third stage(Stg3),and their analyses of diffusion processes deviate to some extent due to different predictions in separated endwall flow.The correction models can be adopted to consider Reynolds number effects in through-flow design and analysis of axial compressors.展开更多
The low-pressure and low-density conditions encountered at high altitudes significantly reduce the operating Reynolds number of micro radial-flow turbines,frequently bringing it below the self-similarity critical thre...The low-pressure and low-density conditions encountered at high altitudes significantly reduce the operating Reynolds number of micro radial-flow turbines,frequently bringing it below the self-similarity critical threshold of 3.5×10^(4).This departure undermines the applicability of conventional similarity-based design approaches.In this study,micro radial-flow turbines with rotor diameters below 50 mm are investigated through a combined approach integrating high-fidelity numerical simulations with experimental validation,aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which low Reynolds numbers influence aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance.The results demonstrate that decreasing Reynolds number leads to boundary-layer thickening on blade surfaces,enhanced flow separation on the suction side,and increased secondary-flow losses within the blade passages.These effects jointly produce a pronounced and non-linear deterioration of turbine efficiency.Geometric scaling analysis further indicates that efficiency losses intensify with decreasing turbine size,and become particularly severe at low rotational speeds and high expansion ratios.Detailed flow-field analyses reveal a direct link between the degradation of blade loading distribution and the amplification of transverse pressure gradients under low-Reynolds-number conditions,providing physical insight into the observed performance decline.展开更多
Ion-exchange Polymer-Metal Composites(IPMCs)gain huge attentions due to large deformation,rapid electromechanical response,and high energy conversion efficiency.Deflection of IPMC arises from the volumetric swelling e...Ion-exchange Polymer-Metal Composites(IPMCs)gain huge attentions due to large deformation,rapid electromechanical response,and high energy conversion efficiency.Deflection of IPMC arises from the volumetric swelling effect induced by the concentration gradient of hydrated cations between the two electrodes,thus the volume of hydrated cation deter-mines the motion magnitude and direction of IPMC.H ion is one of the most commonly used driving cations for IPMC.However,due to its unique characteristics,particularly the inability to accurately quantify its hydration volume,existing literatures primarily focus on the physical driving models for metallic cations,i.e.,Na+,no driving model for the H ion is reported until now.This paper proposes a novel model of H ion escape from the water's body-centered cubic lattice to count the hydration volume.Number(n)of water molecules carried by the H ion is solved by combining the Lennard-Jones potential energy function with Maxwell's velocity distribution.The specific n value is equivalent to 4.04 for the H ion inside Nafion electrolyte under a 3.0 V DC electric field.Substituting it into the classic Friction Model(proposed by Tadokoro et al.at 2000),actuation behaviors of H ion driven IPMC were therefore achieved through Matlab calculations and Abaqus simulations.The calculated results of dynamic displacement and force highly match to the experimental data form the Nafion IPMC actuator driven by same electric field,showing a highly reliability of the established escape model.展开更多
A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in al...A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in all t-tone colorings of that graph.In this article,we study t-tone coloring of some finite planar lattices and obtain exact formulas for their t-tone chromatic number.展开更多
Vaccination is a key strategy to curb the spread of epidemics.Heterologous vaccination,unlike homologous vaccination which acts on a single target and forms a single immune barrier,covers multiple targets for broader ...Vaccination is a key strategy to curb the spread of epidemics.Heterologous vaccination,unlike homologous vaccination which acts on a single target and forms a single immune barrier,covers multiple targets for broader protection.Yet,heterologous vaccination involves a complex decision process that conventional game-theoretic approaches,such as classical,evolutionary,and minority games cannot adequately capture.The parallel minority game(PMG)can handle bounded-rational,multi-choice decisions,but its application in vaccine research remains rare.In this study,we propose a vaccination-transmission coupled dynamic mechanism based on the parallel minority game and simulate it on a two-dimensional lattice.Using actual observational data and a mean-field mathematical model,we verify the effectiveness of this mechanism in simulating realistic vaccination behavior and transmission dynamics.We further analyze the impact of key parameters,such as vaccine efficacy differences and the proportion of individuals eligible for vaccine switching,on containment effectiveness.Our results demonstrate that heterologous vaccination surpasses homologous vaccination in containment effectiveness,particularly when vaccine efficacy varies significantly.This work provides a novel framework and empirical evidence for understanding individual decision-making and population-wide immunity formation in multi-vaccine settings.展开更多
Panicle number per plant,grain number per panicle,and grain weight are three key factors influencing rice grain yield.Gn1a,a major QTL for grain number per panicle,encodes the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase(CKX)OsCKX...Panicle number per plant,grain number per panicle,and grain weight are three key factors influencing rice grain yield.Gn1a,a major QTL for grain number per panicle,encodes the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase(CKX)OsCKX2.While the use of elite Gn1a alleles has been well documented in indica rice cultivars,their potential in japonica rice remains largely unexplored.In this study,we characterized three suppressor mutants of the rice cytokinin receptor mutant pal1/ohk4 and found that all causal genes were novel alleles of Gn1a identified through the MutMap approach.These three suppressor mutants caused single amino acid substitutions in the FAD-binding domain(G556D and G156D)and the cytokinin-binding domain(Y357C),resulting in significantly reduced enzymatic activity of OsCKX2 and elevated cytokinin levels in the panicle.Haplotype analysis of Gn1a using a natural population from the 3K Rice Genomes Project showed that G556D,G156D,and Y357C were novel alleles of Gn1a.G556,G156,and Y357 were highly conserved,whereas four natural variants G54A,A105V,H116R,and N535K identified in different haplotypes of Gn1a showed extremely low conservation.By backcrossing the suppressor mutants with their original wild-type Huaidao 5,an elite japonica rice variety,we developed improved lines carrying only the gn1a mutation.The improved lines showed a significant increase in grain number per panicle,grain weight,panicle number per plant,plant height,and stem thickness,leading to a 25.7%-28.7%increase in grain yield per plot compared with Huaidao 5.This study provides valuable Gn1a alleles for synergistic improvement of the three key yield factors and offers germplasm resources for high-yielding breeding in japonica rice.展开更多
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord,leading to muscle weakness,para...Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord,leading to muscle weakness,paralysis,and respiratory failure (Morgan and Orrell,2016).展开更多
Contemporary Social Sciences is an English-language journal founded by Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences (SASS) in March 2016. It is China’s first and only English academic journal established by a local academy of ...Contemporary Social Sciences is an English-language journal founded by Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences (SASS) in March 2016. It is China’s first and only English academic journal established by a local academy of social sciences, as well as Sichuan’s only English academic journal in humanities and social sciences with a CN serial number.展开更多
文摘Quantum computing offers unprecedented computational power, enabling simultaneous computations beyond traditional computers. Quantum computers differ significantly from classical computers, necessitating a distinct approach to algorithm design, which involves taming quantum mechanical phenomena. This paper extends the numbering of computable programs to be applied in the quantum computing context. Numbering computable programs is a theoretical computer science concept that assigns unique numbers to individual programs or algorithms. Common methods include Gödel numbering which encodes programs as strings of symbols or characters, often used in formal systems and mathematical logic. Based on the proposed numbering approach, this paper presents a mechanism to explore the set of possible quantum algorithms. The proposed approach is able to construct useful circuits such as Quantum Key Distribution BB84 protocol, which enables sender and receiver to establish a secure cryptographic key via a quantum channel. The proposed approach facilitates the process of exploring and constructing quantum algorithms.
文摘Within the publishing industry,article numbering has emerged as an easy and efficient way to cite journal articles.Article numbering has already been successfully rolled out to Elsevier's multidisciplinary open access journal Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,as well as more than 1600 other journals,and has been well received by the academic community.Based on that positive feedback,we are now pleased to introduce article numbering to Visual Informatics from Volume 9,Issue 2.
文摘In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random variables,and another is for sub-orthogonal random variables.Both extend the strong law of large numbers for independent random variables under sublinear expectations to the non-independent case.
文摘In mammals,the litter size is approximately half the number of mammae,known as the‘one-half rule’,which has been recognized since the time of Aristotle in ancient Greece(Aristotle,1937)and applies to many species(Gilbert,1986;Diamond,1987).In contrast,arboreal squirrels,including flying squirrels,notably diverge from this norm by producing fewer offspring(Gilbert,1986).However,the reasons underlying this smaller litter size in arboreal squirrels have long remained elusive.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11875039)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2023-033)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021221071)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgical Innovation Foundation(2022)2023 Anhui Major Industrial Innovation Plan Project。
文摘The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF)argon plasma,and the temperatures were measured using a DPV-2000 monitor.A model combining the electromagnetism,thermal flow,and heat transfer characteristics of powder during in-flight heating in argon plasma was proposed.The melting processes of CeO_(2)powders of different diameters,with and without thermal resistance effect,were investigated.Results show that the heating process of CeO_(2)powder particles consists of three main stages,one of which is relevant to a dimensionless parameter known as the Biot number.When the Biot value≥0.1,thermal resistance increases significantly,especially for the larger powders.The predicted temperature of the particles at the outlet(1800–2880 K)is in good agreement with the experimental result.
基金supported by the Nazarbayev University Faculty Development Competitive Research(No.021220FD3851)the Framework of the State Contract of the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics(No.FWNF-2022-0011)the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic Kazakhstan(No.AP19677451).
文摘The theory of numberings studies uniform computations for families of mathematical objects. In this area, computability-theoretic properties of at most countable families of sets S are typically classified via the corresponding Rogers upper semilattices. In most cases, a Rogers semilattice cannot be a lattice. Working within the framework of Formal Concept Analysis, we develop two new approaches to the classification of families S. Similarly to the classical theory of numberings, each of the approaches assigns to a family S its own concept lattice. The first approach captures the cardinality of a family S: if S contains more than 2 elements, then the corresponding concept lattice FC1(S) is a modular lattice of height 3, such that the number of its atoms to the cardinality of S. Our second approach gives a much richer environment. We prove that for any countable poset P, there exists a family S such that the induced concept lattice FC2(S) is isomorphic to the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of P. We also establish connections with the class of enumerative lattices introduced by Hoyrup and Rojas in their studies of algorithmic randomness. We show that every lattice FC2(S) is anti-isomorphic to an enumerative lattice. In addition, every enumerative lattice is anti-isomorphic to a sublattice of the lattice FC2(S) for some family S.
文摘Revised September 2013 by J.-F. Arguin LBNL）, L. Garren （Fermilab）, F. Krauss （Durham U.）, C.-J. Lin （LBNL）, S. Navas （U. Granada）, P. Richardson （Durham U.）, and T. Sjostrand （Lund U.）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12325401,12274069,123B2053)。
文摘Topology,as a mathematical concept,has been introduced into condensed matter physics since the discovery of quantum Hall effect,which characterizes new physical scenario beyond the Landau theory.The topologically protected physical quantities,such as the dissipationless quantum transport of edge/surface states as well as magnetic/dipole quasi-particles like skyrmions/bimerons,have attracted great research enthusiasms in the past decades.In recent years,another kind of topology in condensed matter was revealed in the magnetoelectric parameter space of multiferroics,which deepens our understanding of magnetoelectric physics.This topical review summarizes recent advances in this area,involving three types of type-Ⅱmultiferroics.With magnetism-induced ferroelectricity,topological behaviors can be manifested during the magnetoelectric switching processes driven by magnetic/electric fields,such as Roman-surface/Riemann-surface magnetoelectricity and magnetic crankshaft.These exotic topological magnetoelectric behaviors may be helpful to pursue energy-efficient and precise-control devices for spintronics and quantum computing.
文摘In this study,with the aim of achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in an electron-bombarded complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(EBCMOS)imaging chip,we analyzed the sources of noise using principles from low-light-level imaging and semiconductor theory,and established a physical computational model that relates the electron-multiplication layer to the noise characteristics of an EBCMOS chip in a uniformly doped structure with a P-type substrate.We conducted theoretical calculations to analyze the effects on noise characteristics of the passivation layer material and thickness,P-substrate doping concentration,P-substrate thickness,incident electron energy,and substrate temperature.By comparing the characteristics of pixel noise,dark current,multiplication electron numbers,and SNR under various structures,we simulated optimized structural parameters of the device.Our simulation results showed that the noise characteristics of the device could be optimized using an Al_(2)O_(3)passivation thickness of 15 nm and substrate temperature of 260 K,and by decreasing the doping concentration and thickness of the P-type substrate and increasing the incident electron energy.The optimized SNR were 252 e/e.And the substantial impact of dark current noise,primarily governed by interfacial defects,on the overall noise characteristics of the device.This research offers theoretical support to develop EBCMOS imaging chips with high gain and SNR.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52271319)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,and the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZC20240618)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20231525).
文摘In this study,the dynamic characteristics of microscale floating bubbles near the vertical wall are studied.This occurrence is common in industrial and natural phenomena.Although many studies have been conducted on microscale bubbles,few studies investigate floating bubbles with very small Reynolds number(Re)near the wall,which is the main research goal of this study.Therefore,this study establishes a model for the ascent of small-scale bubbles near a vertical wall using the interFoam solver in OpenFOAM.This study investigates the influences of diverse viscosity parameters,varying distances from the wall,and different gas flow rates on the terminal velocity,deformation,and motion trajectory of bubbles.The results reveal that as liquid viscosity increases,the Re of bubbles gradually decreases and reaches a minimum of 0.012,which is similar to the Re of micrometer-sized bubbles in water.The characteristics of the wall-induced force in the longitudinal direction are closely related to the changes in liquid viscosity.Under low-viscosity conditions,the induced lift is the principal form of action,whereas under high-viscosity conditions,it is primarily manifested as induced drag.
基金supported by the National Science and Tech-nology Major Project of China(Nos.2017-II-0007-0021 and J2019-II-0017-0038)。
文摘Aerodynamic performances of axial compressors are significantly affected by variation of Reynolds number in aero-engines.In the design and analysis of compressors,previous correction methods for cascades and stages have difficulties in predicting comprehensively Reynolds number effects on airfoils,matching and characteristics curves.This study proposes Re-correction models for loss,deviation angle and endwall blockage based on classical theories and cascade tests,and loss and deviation models show good agreement in test data of NACA65 and C4 cascades.Throughflow method considering Reynolds number effects is developed by integrating the correction models into a verified Streamline Curvature(SLC)tool.A three-stage axial compressor is investigated through SLC and CFD methods from design Reynolds number(Red=2106)to low Re=4104,and the numerical methods are validated with test data of characteristic curves and spanwise distributions at Red.With Re reduction,SLC method with correction models well predicts variation in overall performances compared with CFD calculations and Wassell's model.Streamwise and spanwise matching such as total pressure and loss distributions in SLC predictions are basically consistent with those in CFD results at near-stall points under design and low Reynolds numbers.SLC and CFD methods share similar detections of stall risks in the third stage(Stg3),and their analyses of diffusion processes deviate to some extent due to different predictions in separated endwall flow.The correction models can be adopted to consider Reynolds number effects in through-flow design and analysis of axial compressors.
基金supported by the Tiangsu Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.JSKX 0225089).
文摘The low-pressure and low-density conditions encountered at high altitudes significantly reduce the operating Reynolds number of micro radial-flow turbines,frequently bringing it below the self-similarity critical threshold of 3.5×10^(4).This departure undermines the applicability of conventional similarity-based design approaches.In this study,micro radial-flow turbines with rotor diameters below 50 mm are investigated through a combined approach integrating high-fidelity numerical simulations with experimental validation,aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which low Reynolds numbers influence aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance.The results demonstrate that decreasing Reynolds number leads to boundary-layer thickening on blade surfaces,enhanced flow separation on the suction side,and increased secondary-flow losses within the blade passages.These effects jointly produce a pronounced and non-linear deterioration of turbine efficiency.Geometric scaling analysis further indicates that efficiency losses intensify with decreasing turbine size,and become particularly severe at low rotational speeds and high expansion ratios.Detailed flow-field analyses reveal a direct link between the degradation of blade loading distribution and the amplification of transverse pressure gradients under low-Reynolds-number conditions,providing physical insight into the observed performance decline.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(52275295)Central Plains Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents(234200510026).
文摘Ion-exchange Polymer-Metal Composites(IPMCs)gain huge attentions due to large deformation,rapid electromechanical response,and high energy conversion efficiency.Deflection of IPMC arises from the volumetric swelling effect induced by the concentration gradient of hydrated cations between the two electrodes,thus the volume of hydrated cation deter-mines the motion magnitude and direction of IPMC.H ion is one of the most commonly used driving cations for IPMC.However,due to its unique characteristics,particularly the inability to accurately quantify its hydration volume,existing literatures primarily focus on the physical driving models for metallic cations,i.e.,Na+,no driving model for the H ion is reported until now.This paper proposes a novel model of H ion escape from the water's body-centered cubic lattice to count the hydration volume.Number(n)of water molecules carried by the H ion is solved by combining the Lennard-Jones potential energy function with Maxwell's velocity distribution.The specific n value is equivalent to 4.04 for the H ion inside Nafion electrolyte under a 3.0 V DC electric field.Substituting it into the classic Friction Model(proposed by Tadokoro et al.at 2000),actuation behaviors of H ion driven IPMC were therefore achieved through Matlab calculations and Abaqus simulations.The calculated results of dynamic displacement and force highly match to the experimental data form the Nafion IPMC actuator driven by same electric field,showing a highly reliability of the established escape model.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271210)the Scientific Research Foundation of Jimei University(Grant No.Q202201).
文摘A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in all t-tone colorings of that graph.In this article,we study t-tone coloring of some finite planar lattices and obtain exact formulas for their t-tone chromatic number.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12571549,12571592,12471463,12022113,12101573)。
文摘Vaccination is a key strategy to curb the spread of epidemics.Heterologous vaccination,unlike homologous vaccination which acts on a single target and forms a single immune barrier,covers multiple targets for broader protection.Yet,heterologous vaccination involves a complex decision process that conventional game-theoretic approaches,such as classical,evolutionary,and minority games cannot adequately capture.The parallel minority game(PMG)can handle bounded-rational,multi-choice decisions,but its application in vaccine research remains rare.In this study,we propose a vaccination-transmission coupled dynamic mechanism based on the parallel minority game and simulate it on a two-dimensional lattice.Using actual observational data and a mean-field mathematical model,we verify the effectiveness of this mechanism in simulating realistic vaccination behavior and transmission dynamics.We further analyze the impact of key parameters,such as vaccine efficacy differences and the proportion of individuals eligible for vaccine switching,on containment effectiveness.Our results demonstrate that heterologous vaccination surpasses homologous vaccination in containment effectiveness,particularly when vaccine efficacy varies significantly.This work provides a novel framework and empirical evidence for understanding individual decision-making and population-wide immunity formation in multi-vaccine settings.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project,China(Grant No.2023ZD0406801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32300278)+2 种基金the Key R&D Plan of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.2024LZGC009)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-CSCB-202402)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(Grant No.CXGC2025B09).
文摘Panicle number per plant,grain number per panicle,and grain weight are three key factors influencing rice grain yield.Gn1a,a major QTL for grain number per panicle,encodes the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase(CKX)OsCKX2.While the use of elite Gn1a alleles has been well documented in indica rice cultivars,their potential in japonica rice remains largely unexplored.In this study,we characterized three suppressor mutants of the rice cytokinin receptor mutant pal1/ohk4 and found that all causal genes were novel alleles of Gn1a identified through the MutMap approach.These three suppressor mutants caused single amino acid substitutions in the FAD-binding domain(G556D and G156D)and the cytokinin-binding domain(Y357C),resulting in significantly reduced enzymatic activity of OsCKX2 and elevated cytokinin levels in the panicle.Haplotype analysis of Gn1a using a natural population from the 3K Rice Genomes Project showed that G556D,G156D,and Y357C were novel alleles of Gn1a.G556,G156,and Y357 were highly conserved,whereas four natural variants G54A,A105V,H116R,and N535K identified in different haplotypes of Gn1a showed extremely low conservation.By backcrossing the suppressor mutants with their original wild-type Huaidao 5,an elite japonica rice variety,we developed improved lines carrying only the gn1a mutation.The improved lines showed a significant increase in grain number per panicle,grain weight,panicle number per plant,plant height,and stem thickness,leading to a 25.7%-28.7%increase in grain yield per plot compared with Huaidao 5.This study provides valuable Gn1a alleles for synergistic improvement of the three key yield factors and offers germplasm resources for high-yielding breeding in japonica rice.
文摘Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord,leading to muscle weakness,paralysis,and respiratory failure (Morgan and Orrell,2016).
文摘Contemporary Social Sciences is an English-language journal founded by Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences (SASS) in March 2016. It is China’s first and only English academic journal established by a local academy of social sciences, as well as Sichuan’s only English academic journal in humanities and social sciences with a CN serial number.
