This paper presents a new Double-E-Triple-H-Shaped NRI(negative refractive index)metamaterial(MM)for dual-band microwave sensing applications.Here,a horizontal H-shaped metal structure is enclosed by two face-to-face ...This paper presents a new Double-E-Triple-H-Shaped NRI(negative refractive index)metamaterial(MM)for dual-band microwave sensing applications.Here,a horizontal H-shaped metal structure is enclosed by two face-to-face E-shaped metal structures.This double-E-H-shaped design is also encased by two vertical H-shaped structures along with some copper links.Thus,the Double-E-Triple-H-Shaped configuration is developed.Two popular substrate materials of Rogers RO 3010 and FR-4 were adopted for analyzing the characteristics of the unit cell.The proposed structure exhibits transmission resonance inside the S-band with NRI and ENG(Epsilon Negative)metamaterial properties,and inside the C-band with ENG and MNG(Mu Negative)metamaterial properties.A good effective medium ratio(EMR)of 8.06 indicates the compactness and effectiveness of the proposed design.Further analysis has been done by changing the thickness of the substrate material as well and a significant change in the effective medium ratio is found.The validity of the proposed structure is confirmed by an equivalent circuit model.The simulated result agrees well with the calculated result.For exploring microwave sensing applications of the proposed unit cell,permittivity and pressure sensitivity performance were investigated in different simulation arrangements.The compact size,effective parameters,high sensitivity and a good EMR represent the proposed metamaterial as a promising solution for S-band and C-band microwave sensing applications.展开更多
In order to describe pavement roughness more intuitively and effectively, a method of pavement roughness simulation, i.e., the stochastic sinusoidal wave, is introduced. The method is based on the primary idea that pa...In order to describe pavement roughness more intuitively and effectively, a method of pavement roughness simulation, i.e., the stochastic sinusoidal wave, is introduced. The method is based on the primary idea that pavement roughness is denoted as the sum of numerous sines or cosines with stochastic phases, and uses the discrete spectrum to approach the target stochastic process. It is a discrete numerical method used to simulate pavement roughness. According to a given pavement power spectral density （PSD） coefficient, under the condition that the character of displacement frequency based on the time domain model is in accordance with the given pavement surface spectrum, the pavement roughness is optimized to stochastic equivalent vibrations by computer simulation, and the curves that describe pavement roughness under each grade are obtained. The results show that the stochastic sinusoidal wave is suitable for simulation of measured pavement surface spectra based on the time domain model. The method of the stochastic sinusoidal wave is important to the research on vehicle ride comfort due to its rigorous mathematical derivation, extensive application range and intuitive simulation curve. Finally, a roughness index defined as the nominal roughness index （NRI） is introduced, and it has correlation with the PSD coefficient.展开更多
介绍SGSN POOL(GPRS服务支持节点资源池)技术的概念,阐述SGSN POOL的引入具有设备均衡负荷分担、容量利用率最佳、减少位置更新、提高网元级容灾性能、便捷网络扩容的意义,详细介绍SGSN POOL Gb over IP(Gb接口IP化)机制以及POOL机制、N...介绍SGSN POOL(GPRS服务支持节点资源池)技术的概念,阐述SGSN POOL的引入具有设备均衡负荷分担、容量利用率最佳、减少位置更新、提高网元级容灾性能、便捷网络扩容的意义,详细介绍SGSN POOL Gb over IP(Gb接口IP化)机制以及POOL机制、NNSF(非接入层节点选择功能)算法与负载均衡机制、NRI(网络资源标识)使用、Default SGSN(缺省SGSN)和移动性管理四大关键技术,最后描述SGSN POOL目前应用情况,并对其发展进行了展望。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Malaysia research grant code GUP-2019-005.
文摘This paper presents a new Double-E-Triple-H-Shaped NRI(negative refractive index)metamaterial(MM)for dual-band microwave sensing applications.Here,a horizontal H-shaped metal structure is enclosed by two face-to-face E-shaped metal structures.This double-E-H-shaped design is also encased by two vertical H-shaped structures along with some copper links.Thus,the Double-E-Triple-H-Shaped configuration is developed.Two popular substrate materials of Rogers RO 3010 and FR-4 were adopted for analyzing the characteristics of the unit cell.The proposed structure exhibits transmission resonance inside the S-band with NRI and ENG(Epsilon Negative)metamaterial properties,and inside the C-band with ENG and MNG(Mu Negative)metamaterial properties.A good effective medium ratio(EMR)of 8.06 indicates the compactness and effectiveness of the proposed design.Further analysis has been done by changing the thickness of the substrate material as well and a significant change in the effective medium ratio is found.The validity of the proposed structure is confirmed by an equivalent circuit model.The simulated result agrees well with the calculated result.For exploring microwave sensing applications of the proposed unit cell,permittivity and pressure sensitivity performance were investigated in different simulation arrangements.The compact size,effective parameters,high sensitivity and a good EMR represent the proposed metamaterial as a promising solution for S-band and C-band microwave sensing applications.
文摘In order to describe pavement roughness more intuitively and effectively, a method of pavement roughness simulation, i.e., the stochastic sinusoidal wave, is introduced. The method is based on the primary idea that pavement roughness is denoted as the sum of numerous sines or cosines with stochastic phases, and uses the discrete spectrum to approach the target stochastic process. It is a discrete numerical method used to simulate pavement roughness. According to a given pavement power spectral density （PSD） coefficient, under the condition that the character of displacement frequency based on the time domain model is in accordance with the given pavement surface spectrum, the pavement roughness is optimized to stochastic equivalent vibrations by computer simulation, and the curves that describe pavement roughness under each grade are obtained. The results show that the stochastic sinusoidal wave is suitable for simulation of measured pavement surface spectra based on the time domain model. The method of the stochastic sinusoidal wave is important to the research on vehicle ride comfort due to its rigorous mathematical derivation, extensive application range and intuitive simulation curve. Finally, a roughness index defined as the nominal roughness index （NRI） is introduced, and it has correlation with the PSD coefficient.
文摘介绍SGSN POOL(GPRS服务支持节点资源池)技术的概念,阐述SGSN POOL的引入具有设备均衡负荷分担、容量利用率最佳、减少位置更新、提高网元级容灾性能、便捷网络扩容的意义,详细介绍SGSN POOL Gb over IP(Gb接口IP化)机制以及POOL机制、NNSF(非接入层节点选择功能)算法与负载均衡机制、NRI(网络资源标识)使用、Default SGSN(缺省SGSN)和移动性管理四大关键技术,最后描述SGSN POOL目前应用情况,并对其发展进行了展望。
