The pollution characteristics of ambient fine particulate matter（PM2.5） containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and nitrated PAHs（NPAHs） in samples collected during a typical winter time period in Taiy...The pollution characteristics of ambient fine particulate matter（PM2.5） containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and nitrated PAHs（NPAHs） in samples collected during a typical winter time period in Taiyuan of China were investigated.The obtained results revealed that the mean mass concentrations of PM2.5,SPAHs（sum of 16 PAHs） and SNPAHs（sum of 3 NPAHs） on PM2.5were161.4 mg/m3,119.8 ng/m3and 0.446 ng/m3,respectively.Diagnostic ratios of PAHs and NPAHs implied that coal consumption might be the main source of the PM2.5pollution.The measured PM2.5mass concentrations,BaP equivalent toxicity（28.632 ng/m3） and individual carcinogenicity index（3.14 10 5） were much higher than those of the recommended safety standards.展开更多
Relativization is a common feature shared by almost every language,which also needs to be analyzed from the contrastive perspective.Considering about the NPAH theory,two questions has been solved here:what are the sim...Relativization is a common feature shared by almost every language,which also needs to be analyzed from the contrastive perspective.Considering about the NPAH theory,two questions has been solved here:what are the similarities and differences between English and Chinese selativization strategies;whether the data gained from analyzing the corpus could support the NPAH theory.By analyzing the corpus,2 points has been found:1)Relative-pronoun strategy is the most frequently used strategy in English,in spite of Chinese RC has no relative-pronoun strategy.2)The accessibility for English RC with+case strategy starts from IO,but Chinese starts from DO.Generally,both English and Chinese relative clause can support the accessibility hierarchy of the NPAH.展开更多
柴油车尾气排放是PM_(2.5)的主要来源之一,其上载带的多环芳烃因其重要的健康影响而得到广泛关注.为了更好地研究柴油车排放污染物的毒性,通过车载实验采集了6辆国Ⅴ和国Ⅵ排放标准的轻型和重型载货柴油车的尾气PM_(2.5)样品,使用GC-MS...柴油车尾气排放是PM_(2.5)的主要来源之一,其上载带的多环芳烃因其重要的健康影响而得到广泛关注.为了更好地研究柴油车排放污染物的毒性,通过车载实验采集了6辆国Ⅴ和国Ⅵ排放标准的轻型和重型载货柴油车的尾气PM_(2.5)样品,使用GC-MS分析了其中16种母体多环芳烃(pPAHs)、18种硝基多环芳烃(NPAHs)和5种含氧多环芳烃(OPAHs)的质量,并计算了基于行驶里程的排放因子(EFs).结果表明,随排放标准提升,国Ⅵ轻型载货柴油车排放PM_(2.5)中pPAHs、NPAHs和OPAHs的EFs[(217.92±109.92)、(5.21±2.51)和(10.74±5.99)μg·km^(-1)]分别较国Ⅴ车下降了63%、55%和66%.同一排放标准下,重型载货柴油车3类PAHs的排放因子约为轻型载货柴油车的12~15倍,主要与重型柴油车油耗大更易不完全燃烧有关.随累计行驶里程增加,柴油车PAHs及其衍生物的排放因子均呈增加趋势,与发动机磨损增加、燃烧效率降低有关.菲(Phe)和芴酮(9-FO)分别是柴油车含量最高的pPAHs和OPAHs组分,NPAHs则以5硝基苊烯(5N-Ace)和2硝基+3硝基荧蒽(2N+3N-Flt)为主.苯并(a)芘(BaP)等效毒性结果显示,受排放技术改进影响,国Ⅵ柴油车毒性较国Ⅴ车显著下降.排放量结果显示,漯河市3种主要车型柴油车排放了1965 kg pPAHs、33 kg NPAHs和105 kg OPAHs,均主要来自国Ⅴ重型柴油车的贡献,需要加强该车型的管控.研究结果可为漯河市当地制定PAHs排放管控对策提供技术依据,同时也对保护人体健康具有重要意义.展开更多
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(NPAHs)are widespread organic pollutants that possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties,so they may pose a risk to the environment and human health.In this study,the concen...Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(NPAHs)are widespread organic pollutants that possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties,so they may pose a risk to the environment and human health.In this study,the concentrations of 15 NPAHs and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in 30 surface water samples and 26 sediment samples were measured in 2018 from the Taige Canal,one of the main rivers flowing into Taihu Lake,China.The total NPAH concentrations in water and sediment ranged from 14.7 to 235 ng/L and 22.9 to 96.5 ng/g dw,respectively.9-nitrophenanthrene(nd–76.3 ng/L)was the dominant compound in surface water,while 2+3-nitrofluoranthene(1.73–18.1 ng/g dw)dominated in sediment.Among PAHs,concentration ranging from 1,097 to 2,981 ng/L and 1,089 to 4,489 ng/g dw in surface water and sediment,respectively.There was a strong positive correlation between the log octanol-water partition coefficient(Kow)and log sediment-water partition coefficient due to hydrophobic interaction.The fugacity fraction value increased with the decrease of log Kow,and chrysene was transferred from water into sediment.The residual NPAHs in surface water and sediment of the Taige Canal have partial correlation.Diesel engine and coal combustion emissions were probably the principal sources of NPAHs in surface water and sediment.The results of ecological risk assessment showed that some NPAHs inwater(e.g,1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene)and sediment(e.g.,2-nitrobiphenyl,5-nitroacenaphthene,9-nitrophenanthrene and 2+3-nitrofluoranthene)had moderate ecological risks,which should be of concern.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21177078, 21175086, 21175025 and 41271531)Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No. 2013-16)100 talents program of Shanxi Province
文摘The pollution characteristics of ambient fine particulate matter（PM2.5） containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and nitrated PAHs（NPAHs） in samples collected during a typical winter time period in Taiyuan of China were investigated.The obtained results revealed that the mean mass concentrations of PM2.5,SPAHs（sum of 16 PAHs） and SNPAHs（sum of 3 NPAHs） on PM2.5were161.4 mg/m3,119.8 ng/m3and 0.446 ng/m3,respectively.Diagnostic ratios of PAHs and NPAHs implied that coal consumption might be the main source of the PM2.5pollution.The measured PM2.5mass concentrations,BaP equivalent toxicity（28.632 ng/m3） and individual carcinogenicity index（3.14 10 5） were much higher than those of the recommended safety standards.
文摘Relativization is a common feature shared by almost every language,which also needs to be analyzed from the contrastive perspective.Considering about the NPAH theory,two questions has been solved here:what are the similarities and differences between English and Chinese selativization strategies;whether the data gained from analyzing the corpus could support the NPAH theory.By analyzing the corpus,2 points has been found:1)Relative-pronoun strategy is the most frequently used strategy in English,in spite of Chinese RC has no relative-pronoun strategy.2)The accessibility for English RC with+case strategy starts from IO,but Chinese starts from DO.Generally,both English and Chinese relative clause can support the accessibility hierarchy of the NPAH.
文摘柴油车尾气排放是PM_(2.5)的主要来源之一,其上载带的多环芳烃因其重要的健康影响而得到广泛关注.为了更好地研究柴油车排放污染物的毒性,通过车载实验采集了6辆国Ⅴ和国Ⅵ排放标准的轻型和重型载货柴油车的尾气PM_(2.5)样品,使用GC-MS分析了其中16种母体多环芳烃(pPAHs)、18种硝基多环芳烃(NPAHs)和5种含氧多环芳烃(OPAHs)的质量,并计算了基于行驶里程的排放因子(EFs).结果表明,随排放标准提升,国Ⅵ轻型载货柴油车排放PM_(2.5)中pPAHs、NPAHs和OPAHs的EFs[(217.92±109.92)、(5.21±2.51)和(10.74±5.99)μg·km^(-1)]分别较国Ⅴ车下降了63%、55%和66%.同一排放标准下,重型载货柴油车3类PAHs的排放因子约为轻型载货柴油车的12~15倍,主要与重型柴油车油耗大更易不完全燃烧有关.随累计行驶里程增加,柴油车PAHs及其衍生物的排放因子均呈增加趋势,与发动机磨损增加、燃烧效率降低有关.菲(Phe)和芴酮(9-FO)分别是柴油车含量最高的pPAHs和OPAHs组分,NPAHs则以5硝基苊烯(5N-Ace)和2硝基+3硝基荧蒽(2N+3N-Flt)为主.苯并(a)芘(BaP)等效毒性结果显示,受排放技术改进影响,国Ⅵ柴油车毒性较国Ⅴ车显著下降.排放量结果显示,漯河市3种主要车型柴油车排放了1965 kg pPAHs、33 kg NPAHs和105 kg OPAHs,均主要来自国Ⅴ重型柴油车的贡献,需要加强该车型的管控.研究结果可为漯河市当地制定PAHs排放管控对策提供技术依据,同时也对保护人体健康具有重要意义.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41671493)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20191372)the National Major Project of the Science and Technology Ministry of China (No. 2017ZX07202-004)
文摘Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(NPAHs)are widespread organic pollutants that possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties,so they may pose a risk to the environment and human health.In this study,the concentrations of 15 NPAHs and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in 30 surface water samples and 26 sediment samples were measured in 2018 from the Taige Canal,one of the main rivers flowing into Taihu Lake,China.The total NPAH concentrations in water and sediment ranged from 14.7 to 235 ng/L and 22.9 to 96.5 ng/g dw,respectively.9-nitrophenanthrene(nd–76.3 ng/L)was the dominant compound in surface water,while 2+3-nitrofluoranthene(1.73–18.1 ng/g dw)dominated in sediment.Among PAHs,concentration ranging from 1,097 to 2,981 ng/L and 1,089 to 4,489 ng/g dw in surface water and sediment,respectively.There was a strong positive correlation between the log octanol-water partition coefficient(Kow)and log sediment-water partition coefficient due to hydrophobic interaction.The fugacity fraction value increased with the decrease of log Kow,and chrysene was transferred from water into sediment.The residual NPAHs in surface water and sediment of the Taige Canal have partial correlation.Diesel engine and coal combustion emissions were probably the principal sources of NPAHs in surface water and sediment.The results of ecological risk assessment showed that some NPAHs inwater(e.g,1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene)and sediment(e.g.,2-nitrobiphenyl,5-nitroacenaphthene,9-nitrophenanthrene and 2+3-nitrofluoranthene)had moderate ecological risks,which should be of concern.
