Three hundred and twenty endophytic actinobacterial strains were isolated from psammophytes collected from Taklamakan Desert and identified. Among them, three strains already had been identified as new species of two ...Three hundred and twenty endophytic actinobacterial strains were isolated from psammophytes collected from Taklamakan Desert and identified. Among them, three strains already had been identified as new species of two genera and sixteen isolates showed relatively low 16 S rRNA similarities < 98.6% to validly described species. Seventy-five of the isolates were selected as representative strains to screen antibacterial activity and mechanism. Forty-seven strains showed antagonistic activity against at least one of the indicator bacteria. Two Streptomyces strains produced bioactive compounds inducing DNA damage, and two Streptomyces strains produced bioactive compounds with inhibitory activity on protein biosynthesis. Notably, the strain Streptomyces sp. 8P21H-1 that demonstrated both strong antibacterial activity and inhibitory activity on protein biosynthesis was prioritized for exploring new antibiotics.Under the strategy of integrating genetics-based discovery program and MS/MS-based molecular networking, two new streptogramin-type antibiotics, i.e., acetyl-griseoviridin and desulphurizing griseoviridin, along with known griseoviridin, were isolated from the culture broth of strain 8P21H-1. Their chemical structures were determined by HR-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. Desulphurizing griseoviridin and griseoviridin exhibited antibacterial activities by inhibiting translation.展开更多
Hybridisation was traditionally considered rare on coral reefs. However, a rapid increase in hybrid studies over the last 20 years has revealed that hybridisation on coral reefs is common and widespread. In this revie...Hybridisation was traditionally considered rare on coral reefs. However, a rapid increase in hybrid studies over the last 20 years has revealed that hybridisation on coral reefs is common and widespread. In this review, we summarise the growing body of evidence arising from studies on stony corals and reef fishes to verify the occurrence of hybridisatiori, and we examine the influence hybridisation has had on the enormous level of biodiversity present on coral reefs. We discuss the challenges of dis- tinguishing hybridisation from alternative hypotheses （e.g. incomplete lineage sorting）. This review also explores the evolutio- nary consequences of hybridisation, which range from increasing genetic diversity and the production of novel lineages that may outperform the parent species, to reverse speciation and extinction by genetic swamping. Instances of hybridisation can be natural or occur as a result of human impacts （e.g. habitat degradation） and distinguishing between these two very different causal me- chanisms is important for management. Currently, the legislative status of hybrids is unclear and hybrids are rarely protected in conservation programs. Failing to adequately manage hybridisation and hybrid lineages may lead to potential losses of evolutio- nary novelty, declines in phylogenetic diversity or species extinctions. To conserve existing coral reef biodiversity, and the processes that generate biodiversity, conservation policies must be re-defined and instances of hybridisation must be assessed and managed on a case-by-case basis [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 132 145, 2015].展开更多
The ability to detect a new fault class can be a useful feature for an intelligent fault classification and diagnosis system.We adopt two novelty detection methods,the support vector data description (SVDD) and the Pa...The ability to detect a new fault class can be a useful feature for an intelligent fault classification and diagnosis system.We adopt two novelty detection methods,the support vector data description (SVDD) and the Parzen density estimation, to represent known fault class samples,and to detect new fault class samples.The experiments on real multi-class bearing fault data show that the SVDD can give both high novelty detection rate and target recognition rate,respectively for the prescribed’ un- known’ fault samples and the known fault samples by choosing the appropriate SVDD algorithm parameters;but the Parzen densi- ty estimation only give a better novelty detection rate in our experiments.展开更多
Personalized recommendation algorithms,which are effective means to solve information overload,are popular topics in current research.In this paper,a recommender system combining popularity and novelty(RSCPN)based on ...Personalized recommendation algorithms,which are effective means to solve information overload,are popular topics in current research.In this paper,a recommender system combining popularity and novelty(RSCPN)based on one-mode projection of weighted bipartite network is proposed.The edge between a user and item is weighted with the item’s rating,and we consider the difference in the ratings of different users for an item to obtain a reasonable method of measuring the similarity between users.RSCPN can be used in the same model for popularity and novelty recommendation by setting different parameter values and analyzing how a change in parameters affects the popularity and novelty of the recommender system.We verify and compare the accuracy,diversity and novelty of the proposed model with those of other models,and results show that RSCPN is feasible.展开更多
The evaluation of personality traits is important for the better understanding of the person suffering from psychosis and for treatment individualization. However literature on patients' personality and character ...The evaluation of personality traits is important for the better understanding of the person suffering from psychosis and for treatment individualization. However literature on patients' personality and character in such disorders is limited. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on sensation/novelty seeking(SNS), a trait which is biologically based and highly heritable and is associated with dopamine activity, and refers to a person's tendency to seek varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences. A total of 38 studies were included in this review, involving 2808 patients and 2039 healthy controls. There is consistent evidence that this trait is independentlyassociated with alcohol and substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. The estimation of SNS would help clinicians to identify patients at risk for abuse. There is also some evidence that higher SNS levels may relate to medication non-adherence and seem to increase the risk of patients' aggressive and violent behavior, but studies are scarce. SNS was found not to be related to suicidality, whereas in the fields of patients' quality of life and psychopathology results are contradictory, but most studies show no possible association. Several studies suggest that SNS is lower in psychotic patients compared to controls, whereas most yield no differences. The evidence for this trait as a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia is weak. SNS may be implicated in psychotic disorders' course and prognosis in several ways and should be always inquired for. This trait can be reliably measured with the use of easily applicable self-rated instruments, and patients' accounts could inform clinicians when planning management and delivering individualized treatment.展开更多
The quality of the novelty filter image is investigated at different intensities of the incident blue and yellow beams irradiating a bacteriorhodopsin （bR） film. The relationship between the transmitted blue beams a...The quality of the novelty filter image is investigated at different intensities of the incident blue and yellow beams irradiating a bacteriorhodopsin （bR） film. The relationship between the transmitted blue beams and the incident yellow beams is established. The results show that the contrast of the novelty filter image depends on the lifetime of longest lived photochemical state （M state）. These results enable one to identify the direction of a moving object and to improve the quality of the novel filter image by prolonging the lifetime of M state.展开更多
Grey system theory has been widely applied to many domains such as economy, agriculture, management, Social Sciences and so on. Based on the theory of grey system, this paper established GM（1,1） grey predict model f...Grey system theory has been widely applied to many domains such as economy, agriculture, management, Social Sciences and so on. Based on the theory of grey system, this paper established GM（1,1） grey predict model for the first time to forecast The number of Scitech novelty search item and The staff number of Sci-Tech Novelty Search. The predicting results are almost close to the actual values, which shows that the model is reliable so that the models could be used to forecast the two factors in the future years. The study will help the scientific management of Sci-Tech Novelty search work for Novelty search organizations.展开更多
This paper discusses the novelty search report on the efficacy and mechanism of Gukangling liquid, and analyzes the project basis and research content of Gukangling liquid project. Research objectives and novelty sear...This paper discusses the novelty search report on the efficacy and mechanism of Gukangling liquid, and analyzes the project basis and research content of Gukangling liquid project. Research objectives and novelty search conclusions. We have developed and produced a valuable drug for patients, and provided experimental basis for future clinical application of Gukangling Liquid.展开更多
Laterality is conceived as a functional property of the brain,where parallel neural circuits modulate complementary aspects of one function.Well known examples are handedness and speech in humans.Laterality also is pr...Laterality is conceived as a functional property of the brain,where parallel neural circuits modulate complementary aspects of one function.Well known examples are handedness and speech in humans.Laterality also is present in animals indicating a general evolutionary functional aspect and not a single distinctive trait of humans.In the present work,the consistency of one lateralized response in the spontaneous behaviour of exploration,driven by novel environments with different geometrical proportions was studied in rats.Consistency of response was considered when the animal shows the same preferential display in different testing contexts.Three geometrical forms of environments(square,rectangle and T shaped environment)were presented to normal intact rats.Exploratory activity measured by a digital counting device was video‐taped in a 3 min duration tests.In these environments,rats had the choice to explore the right or the left aspect of the devices.Results show that in the square box,animals showed a right‐biased exploration,and show no preference in the rectangular box,and left‐biased exploration in the T shaped environment.Data reveal that animals show inconsistency in the lateralized behavioural response,where the geometrical characteristics of the environment are important to display some biased response.展开更多
Environmental,social,and governance(ESG)performance,along with the novelty of innovation,are significant factors in promoting sustainable development for corporations.This study employs the Heckman two-stage model to ...Environmental,social,and governance(ESG)performance,along with the novelty of innovation,are significant factors in promoting sustainable development for corporations.This study employs the Heckman two-stage model to examine the impact of ESG performance on innovation novelty using a dataset comprising A-share listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Ex-changes from 2011 to 2020.The results indicate that enhanced ESG performance significantly fosters innovation by expanding innovation resources and mitigating agency problems.Further analysis reveals that this relationship is more pronounced under high economic policy uncer-tainty,a challenging information environment,elevated financing constraints,and in the context of digital transformation.This study not only expands the research on the economic implications of ESG performance for enterprise innovation behavior but also places a distinct emphasis on innovation quality rather than quantity.Additionally,this study enriches the existing literature on the factors influencing innovation novelty and extends research into the link between envi-ronmental protection and firm innovation,particularly from the perspective of stakeholder the-ory.Furthermore,this study holds practical significance for governments aiming to enhance ESG evaluation systems and establish guiding policies that encourage novel innovations,ultimately contributing to sustainable and high-quality development.Simultaneously,this study provides guidance to enterprises by encouraging them to embrace green development,improve social responsibility,and elevate their governance standards to promote innovation quality.展开更多
General Rules.Journal of Polyphenols publishes research articles,reviews and short communications in English,on the fields of the science and technology of plant polyphenols.Cover Letters.The journal requires a cover ...General Rules.Journal of Polyphenols publishes research articles,reviews and short communications in English,on the fields of the science and technology of plant polyphenols.Cover Letters.The journal requires a cover letter be included in submissions.A cover letter should explain why this topic is important,why these results are significant and what the novelty of this work is.展开更多
The 40th anniversary of Acta Mechanica Sinica(AMS)marks a milestone of the journal and its incessant pursuit of novelty and excellence.AMS strives for publishing reports pushing the knowledge boundaries and breaking e...The 40th anniversary of Acta Mechanica Sinica(AMS)marks a milestone of the journal and its incessant pursuit of novelty and excellence.AMS strives for publishing reports pushing the knowledge boundaries and breaking engineering limits where mechanics plays a vital role.展开更多
Background:The development of ketamine-like rapid antidepressants holds promise for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of depression,but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Implicated in de...Background:The development of ketamine-like rapid antidepressants holds promise for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of depression,but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Implicated in depression regulation,the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide(PACAP)is investigated here to examine its role in mediating the rapid antidepressant response.Methods:The onset of antidepressant response was assessed through depression-related behavioral paradigms.The signaling mechanism of PACAP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG)was evaluated by utilizing site-directed gene knockdown,pharmacological interventions,or optogenetic manipulations.Overall,446 mice were used for behavioral and molecular signaling testing.Mice were divided into control or experimental groups randomly in each experiment,and the experimental manipulations included:chronic paroxetine treatments(4 d,9 d,14 d)or a single treatment of ketamine;social defeat or lipopolysaccharides-injection induced depression models;different doses of PACAP(0.4 ng/site,2 ng/site,4 ng/site;microinjected into the hippocampal DG);pharmacological intra-DG interventions(CALM and PACAP6-38);intra-DG viral-mediated PACAP RNAi;and opotogenetics using channelrhodopsins 2(ChR2)or endoplasmic natronomonas halorhodopsine 3.0(eNpHR3.0).Behavioral paradigms included novelty suppressed feeding test,tail suspension test,forced swimming test,and sucrose preference test.Western blotting,ELISA,or quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR)analysis were used to detect the expressions of proteins/peptides or genes in the hippocampus.Results:Chronic administration of the slow-onset antidepressant paroxetine resulted in an increase in hippocampal PACAP expression,and intra-DG blockade of PACAP attenuated the onset of the antidepressant response.The levels of hippocampal PACAP expression were reduced in both two distinct depression animal models and intra-DG knockdown of PACAP induced depression-like behaviors.Conversely,a single infusion of PACAP into the DG region produced a rapid and sustained antidepressant response in both normal and chronically stressed mice.Optogenetic intra-DG excitation of PACAP-expressing neurons instantly elicited antidepressant responses,while optogenetic inhibition induced depression-like behaviors.The longer optogenetic excitation/inhibition elicited the more sustained antidepressant/depression-like responses.Intra-DG PACAP infusion immediately facilitated the signaling for rapid antidepressant response by inhibiting calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ(CaM KⅡ)-eukaryotic elongation factor 2(eEF2)and activating the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR).Pre-activation of CaMKⅡsignaling within the DG blunted PACAP-induced rapid antidepressant response as well as eEF2-mTOR-brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)signaling.Finally,acute ketamine treatment upregulated hippocampal PACAP expression,whereas intraDG blockade of PACAP signaling attenuated ketamine’s rapid antidepressant response.Conclusions:Activation of hippocampal PACAP signaling induces a rapid antidepressant response through the regulation of CaMKⅡinhibition-governed eEF2-mTOR-BDNF signaling.展开更多
Novelty detection is to retrieve new information and filter redundancy fromgiven sentences that are relevant to a specific topic. In TREC2003, the authors tried an approach tonovelty detection with semantic distance c...Novelty detection is to retrieve new information and filter redundancy fromgiven sentences that are relevant to a specific topic. In TREC2003, the authors tried an approach tonovelty detection with semantic distance computation. The motivation is to expand a sentence byintroducing semantic information. Computation on semantic distance between sentences incorporatesWordNet with statistical information. The novelty detection is treated as a binary classificationproblem: new sentence or not. The feature vector, used in the vector space model for classification,consists of various factors, including the semantic distance from the sentence to the topic and thedistance from the sentence to the previous relevant context occurring before it. New sentences arethen detected with Winnow and support vector machine classifiers, respectively. Several experimentsare conducted to survey the relationship between different factors and performance. It is provedthat semantic computation is promising in novelty detection. The ratio of new sentence size torelevant size is further studied given different relevant document sizes. It is found that the ratioreduced with a certain speed (about 0.86). Then another group of experiments is performedsupervised with the ratio. It is demonstrated that the ratio is helpful to improve the noveltydetection performance.展开更多
Generative adversarial network(GAN) is the most exciting machine learning breakthrough in recent years,and it trains the learning model by finding the Nash equilibrium of a two-player zero-sum game.GAN is composed of ...Generative adversarial network(GAN) is the most exciting machine learning breakthrough in recent years,and it trains the learning model by finding the Nash equilibrium of a two-player zero-sum game.GAN is composed of a generator and a discriminator,both trained with the adversarial learning mechanism.In this paper,we introduce and investigate the use of GAN for novelty detection.In training,GAN learns from ordinary data.Then,using previously unknown data,the generator and the discriminator with the designed decision boundaries can both be used to separate novel patterns from ordinary patterns.The proposed GAN-based novelty detection method demonstrates a competitive performance on the MNIST digit database and the Tennessee Eastman(TE) benchmark process compared with the PCA-based novelty detection methods using Hotelling's T^2 and squared prediction error statistics.展开更多
Objectives: Previous studies involving mice have demonstrated that a cholesterolenriched diet evokes liver steatosis, dystrophy, inflammation, and aspects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). These changes are ...Objectives: Previous studies involving mice have demonstrated that a cholesterolenriched diet evokes liver steatosis, dystrophy, inflammation, and aspects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). These changes are accompanied by the activation of pro-inflammatory brain and liver molecular pathways, as well as anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Given previously reported evidence for the neurobiological relationship between the above-mentioned molecular changes and abnormalities in coping with environmental stimuli, such as interactions with other individuals and new environmental contexts, we hypothesized that novelty exploration and aggressive behavior are affected in a mouse NAFLD model. Methods: To test this hypothesis, young female C57BL/6J mice were fed with a regular chow or a diet containing 0.2% cholesterol for 3 weeks. The mice were then assessed for new object and novel cage exploration, and social interaction in a food competition test. Results: We found reduced object exploration in mice on the cholesterol-enriched diet. This reduction was not related to whether the new object was placed in an anxiogenic or non-anxiogenic environment. These changes were accompanied by diminished exploration of the new environment in a novel cage, and delayed approach to food after a period of food deprivation. Mice on the regular chow or cholesterolenriched diet showed no differences in aggressive behavior towards a counter-partner in a food competition test. Food intake and body weight did not differ between the groups, thus, excluding their potential as confounders in the measured behaviors. Conclusions: We conclude that a diet enriched with cholesterol reduces novelty exploration irrespective of the anxiogenic level of the environment and does not induce aggressive behavior in female mice.展开更多
Urban environments expose animals to abundant anthropogenic materials and foods that facilitate foraging innovations in species with oppor-tunistic diets and high behavioral flexibility.Neophilia and exploration tende...Urban environments expose animals to abundant anthropogenic materials and foods that facilitate foraging innovations in species with oppor-tunistic diets and high behavioral flexibility.Neophilia and exploration tendency are believed to be important behavioral traits for animals thriving in urban environments.Vervet monkeys(Chlorocebus pygerythrus)are one of few primate species that have successfully adapted to urban environments,thus making them an ideal species to study these traits.Using a within-species cross-habitat approach,we compared neophilia and exploration of novel objects(jointly referred to as"object curiosity")between semi-urban,wild,and captive monkeys to shed light on the cognitive traits facilitating urban living.To measure"object curiosity:"we exposed monkeys to various types of novel stimuli and compared their approaches and explorative behavior.Our results revealed differences in the number of approaches and explorative behavior toward novel stimuli between the habitat types considered.Captive vervet monkeys were significantly more explorative than both semi-urban and wild troops,sug-gesting that positive experiences with humans and lack of predation,rather than exposure to human materials per se,influence object curiosity.Across habitats,juvenile males were the most explorative age-sex class.This is likely due to males being the dispersing sex and juveniles being more motivated to learn about their environment.Additionally,we found that items potentially associated with human food,elicited stronger explorative responses in semi-urban monkeys than non-food related objects,suggesting that their motivation to explore might be driven by"anthrophilia'that is,their experience of rewarding foraging on similar anthropogenic food sources.We conclude that varying levels of exposure to humans,predation and pre-exposure to human food packaging explain variation in"object curiosity"in our sample of vervet monkeys.展开更多
Social dysfunction is a risk factor for several neuropsychiatric illnesses.Previous studies have shown that the lateral septum(LS)-related pathway plays a critical role in mediating social behaviors.Howeve r,the role ...Social dysfunction is a risk factor for several neuropsychiatric illnesses.Previous studies have shown that the lateral septum(LS)-related pathway plays a critical role in mediating social behaviors.Howeve r,the role of the connections between the LS and its downstream brain regions in social behavio rs remains unclea r.In this study,we conducted a three-chamber test using electrophysiological and chemogenetic approaches in mice to determine how LS projections to ventral CA1(vCA1)influence sociability.Our res ults showed that gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-e rgic neuro ns were activated following social experience,and that social behavio rs were enhanced by chemogenetic modulation of these neurons.Moreover,LS GABAergic neurons extended their functional neural connections via vCA1 glutamatergic pyramidal neurons,and regulating LSGABA→vCA1Gluneural projections affected social behaviors,which were impeded by suppressing LSprojecting vCA1 neuronal activity or inhibiting GABAAreceptors in vCA1.These findings support the hypothesis that LS inputs to the vCA1 can control social prefe rences and social novelty behaviors.These findings provide new insights rega rding the neural circuits that regulate sociability.展开更多
Fault diagnosis of electric motors is a fundamental task for production line testing, and it is usually performed by experienced human operators. In the recent years, several methods have been proposed in the literatu...Fault diagnosis of electric motors is a fundamental task for production line testing, and it is usually performed by experienced human operators. In the recent years, several methods have been proposed in the literature for detecting faults automatically. Deep neural networks have been successfully employed for this task, but, up to the authors' knowledge, they have never been used in an unsupervised scenario. This paper proposes an unsupervised method for diagnosing faults of electric motors by using a novelty detection approach based on deep autoencoders. In the proposed method, vibration signals are acquired by using accelerometers and processed to extract LogMel coefficients as features. Autoencoders are trained by using normal data only, i.e., data that do not contain faults. Three different autoencoders architectures have been evaluated: the multilayer perceptron(MLP) autoencoder, the convolutional neural network autoencoder, and the recurrent autoencoder composed of long short-term memory(LSTM) units. The experiments have been conducted by using a dataset created by the authors, and the proposed approaches have been compared to the one-class support vector machine(OC-SVM) algorithm. The performance has been evaluated in terms area under curve(AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the results showed that all the autoencoder-based approaches outperform the OCSVM algorithm. Moreover, the MLP autoencoder is the most performing architecture, achieving an AUC equal to 99.11 %.展开更多
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (Grant Nos. CAMS 2017-I2M-B&R-08 and 2017I2M-1-012)the PUMC Doctoral Innovation Fund Project (Grant No. 2018-1007-16)+2 种基金the Drug Innovation Major Project of China (Grant No. 2018ZX09711001-007-002)the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 20-54-53014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82011530051)。
文摘Three hundred and twenty endophytic actinobacterial strains were isolated from psammophytes collected from Taklamakan Desert and identified. Among them, three strains already had been identified as new species of two genera and sixteen isolates showed relatively low 16 S rRNA similarities < 98.6% to validly described species. Seventy-five of the isolates were selected as representative strains to screen antibacterial activity and mechanism. Forty-seven strains showed antagonistic activity against at least one of the indicator bacteria. Two Streptomyces strains produced bioactive compounds inducing DNA damage, and two Streptomyces strains produced bioactive compounds with inhibitory activity on protein biosynthesis. Notably, the strain Streptomyces sp. 8P21H-1 that demonstrated both strong antibacterial activity and inhibitory activity on protein biosynthesis was prioritized for exploring new antibiotics.Under the strategy of integrating genetics-based discovery program and MS/MS-based molecular networking, two new streptogramin-type antibiotics, i.e., acetyl-griseoviridin and desulphurizing griseoviridin, along with known griseoviridin, were isolated from the culture broth of strain 8P21H-1. Their chemical structures were determined by HR-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. Desulphurizing griseoviridin and griseoviridin exhibited antibacterial activities by inhibiting translation.
文摘Hybridisation was traditionally considered rare on coral reefs. However, a rapid increase in hybrid studies over the last 20 years has revealed that hybridisation on coral reefs is common and widespread. In this review, we summarise the growing body of evidence arising from studies on stony corals and reef fishes to verify the occurrence of hybridisatiori, and we examine the influence hybridisation has had on the enormous level of biodiversity present on coral reefs. We discuss the challenges of dis- tinguishing hybridisation from alternative hypotheses （e.g. incomplete lineage sorting）. This review also explores the evolutio- nary consequences of hybridisation, which range from increasing genetic diversity and the production of novel lineages that may outperform the parent species, to reverse speciation and extinction by genetic swamping. Instances of hybridisation can be natural or occur as a result of human impacts （e.g. habitat degradation） and distinguishing between these two very different causal me- chanisms is important for management. Currently, the legislative status of hybrids is unclear and hybrids are rarely protected in conservation programs. Failing to adequately manage hybridisation and hybrid lineages may lead to potential losses of evolutio- nary novelty, declines in phylogenetic diversity or species extinctions. To conserve existing coral reef biodiversity, and the processes that generate biodiversity, conservation policies must be re-defined and instances of hybridisation must be assessed and managed on a case-by-case basis [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 132 145, 2015].
文摘The ability to detect a new fault class can be a useful feature for an intelligent fault classification and diagnosis system.We adopt two novelty detection methods,the support vector data description (SVDD) and the Parzen density estimation, to represent known fault class samples,and to detect new fault class samples.The experiments on real multi-class bearing fault data show that the SVDD can give both high novelty detection rate and target recognition rate,respectively for the prescribed’ un- known’ fault samples and the known fault samples by choosing the appropriate SVDD algorithm parameters;but the Parzen densi- ty estimation only give a better novelty detection rate in our experiments.
基金Project funded by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant(Nos.61462091,61672020,U1803263,61866039,61662085)by the Data Driven Software Engineering innovation team of Yunnan province(No.2017HC012)+2 种基金by Scientific Research Foundation Project of Yunnan Education Department(No.2019J0008,2019J0010)by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2013M542560,2015T81129)A Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(No.J16LN61).
文摘Personalized recommendation algorithms,which are effective means to solve information overload,are popular topics in current research.In this paper,a recommender system combining popularity and novelty(RSCPN)based on one-mode projection of weighted bipartite network is proposed.The edge between a user and item is weighted with the item’s rating,and we consider the difference in the ratings of different users for an item to obtain a reasonable method of measuring the similarity between users.RSCPN can be used in the same model for popularity and novelty recommendation by setting different parameter values and analyzing how a change in parameters affects the popularity and novelty of the recommender system.We verify and compare the accuracy,diversity and novelty of the proposed model with those of other models,and results show that RSCPN is feasible.
文摘The evaluation of personality traits is important for the better understanding of the person suffering from psychosis and for treatment individualization. However literature on patients' personality and character in such disorders is limited. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on sensation/novelty seeking(SNS), a trait which is biologically based and highly heritable and is associated with dopamine activity, and refers to a person's tendency to seek varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences. A total of 38 studies were included in this review, involving 2808 patients and 2039 healthy controls. There is consistent evidence that this trait is independentlyassociated with alcohol and substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. The estimation of SNS would help clinicians to identify patients at risk for abuse. There is also some evidence that higher SNS levels may relate to medication non-adherence and seem to increase the risk of patients' aggressive and violent behavior, but studies are scarce. SNS was found not to be related to suicidality, whereas in the fields of patients' quality of life and psychopathology results are contradictory, but most studies show no possible association. Several studies suggest that SNS is lower in psychotic patients compared to controls, whereas most yield no differences. The evidence for this trait as a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia is weak. SNS may be implicated in psychotic disorders' course and prognosis in several ways and should be always inquired for. This trait can be reliably measured with the use of easily applicable self-rated instruments, and patients' accounts could inform clinicians when planning management and delivering individualized treatment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 60578020）, and Science ＆ Technology Foundation of Tianjin University, China （Grant No 20050419）.
文摘The quality of the novelty filter image is investigated at different intensities of the incident blue and yellow beams irradiating a bacteriorhodopsin （bR） film. The relationship between the transmitted blue beams and the incident yellow beams is established. The results show that the contrast of the novelty filter image depends on the lifetime of longest lived photochemical state （M state）. These results enable one to identify the direction of a moving object and to improve the quality of the novel filter image by prolonging the lifetime of M state.
文摘Grey system theory has been widely applied to many domains such as economy, agriculture, management, Social Sciences and so on. Based on the theory of grey system, this paper established GM（1,1） grey predict model for the first time to forecast The number of Scitech novelty search item and The staff number of Sci-Tech Novelty Search. The predicting results are almost close to the actual values, which shows that the model is reliable so that the models could be used to forecast the two factors in the future years. The study will help the scientific management of Sci-Tech Novelty search work for Novelty search organizations.
文摘This paper discusses the novelty search report on the efficacy and mechanism of Gukangling liquid, and analyzes the project basis and research content of Gukangling liquid project. Research objectives and novelty search conclusions. We have developed and produced a valuable drug for patients, and provided experimental basis for future clinical application of Gukangling Liquid.
文摘Laterality is conceived as a functional property of the brain,where parallel neural circuits modulate complementary aspects of one function.Well known examples are handedness and speech in humans.Laterality also is present in animals indicating a general evolutionary functional aspect and not a single distinctive trait of humans.In the present work,the consistency of one lateralized response in the spontaneous behaviour of exploration,driven by novel environments with different geometrical proportions was studied in rats.Consistency of response was considered when the animal shows the same preferential display in different testing contexts.Three geometrical forms of environments(square,rectangle and T shaped environment)were presented to normal intact rats.Exploratory activity measured by a digital counting device was video‐taped in a 3 min duration tests.In these environments,rats had the choice to explore the right or the left aspect of the devices.Results show that in the square box,animals showed a right‐biased exploration,and show no preference in the rectangular box,and left‐biased exploration in the T shaped environment.Data reveal that animals show inconsistency in the lateralized behavioural response,where the geometrical characteristics of the environment are important to display some biased response.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.72102139)Kang He acknowledges financial support from Shantou University Research Start-up Fund Project(Project No.STF22007)Guangdong Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(GD23XYJ77).
文摘Environmental,social,and governance(ESG)performance,along with the novelty of innovation,are significant factors in promoting sustainable development for corporations.This study employs the Heckman two-stage model to examine the impact of ESG performance on innovation novelty using a dataset comprising A-share listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Ex-changes from 2011 to 2020.The results indicate that enhanced ESG performance significantly fosters innovation by expanding innovation resources and mitigating agency problems.Further analysis reveals that this relationship is more pronounced under high economic policy uncer-tainty,a challenging information environment,elevated financing constraints,and in the context of digital transformation.This study not only expands the research on the economic implications of ESG performance for enterprise innovation behavior but also places a distinct emphasis on innovation quality rather than quantity.Additionally,this study enriches the existing literature on the factors influencing innovation novelty and extends research into the link between envi-ronmental protection and firm innovation,particularly from the perspective of stakeholder the-ory.Furthermore,this study holds practical significance for governments aiming to enhance ESG evaluation systems and establish guiding policies that encourage novel innovations,ultimately contributing to sustainable and high-quality development.Simultaneously,this study provides guidance to enterprises by encouraging them to embrace green development,improve social responsibility,and elevate their governance standards to promote innovation quality.
文摘General Rules.Journal of Polyphenols publishes research articles,reviews and short communications in English,on the fields of the science and technology of plant polyphenols.Cover Letters.The journal requires a cover letter be included in submissions.A cover letter should explain why this topic is important,why these results are significant and what the novelty of this work is.
文摘The 40th anniversary of Acta Mechanica Sinica(AMS)marks a milestone of the journal and its incessant pursuit of novelty and excellence.AMS strives for publishing reports pushing the knowledge boundaries and breaking engineering limits where mechanics plays a vital role.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0201000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82174002,82104416,82204652)the High-Level University Development Program of Guangdong Province,and the Guangzhou Key Science and Technology Research and Development Project(202206010109)。
文摘Background:The development of ketamine-like rapid antidepressants holds promise for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of depression,but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Implicated in depression regulation,the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide(PACAP)is investigated here to examine its role in mediating the rapid antidepressant response.Methods:The onset of antidepressant response was assessed through depression-related behavioral paradigms.The signaling mechanism of PACAP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG)was evaluated by utilizing site-directed gene knockdown,pharmacological interventions,or optogenetic manipulations.Overall,446 mice were used for behavioral and molecular signaling testing.Mice were divided into control or experimental groups randomly in each experiment,and the experimental manipulations included:chronic paroxetine treatments(4 d,9 d,14 d)or a single treatment of ketamine;social defeat or lipopolysaccharides-injection induced depression models;different doses of PACAP(0.4 ng/site,2 ng/site,4 ng/site;microinjected into the hippocampal DG);pharmacological intra-DG interventions(CALM and PACAP6-38);intra-DG viral-mediated PACAP RNAi;and opotogenetics using channelrhodopsins 2(ChR2)or endoplasmic natronomonas halorhodopsine 3.0(eNpHR3.0).Behavioral paradigms included novelty suppressed feeding test,tail suspension test,forced swimming test,and sucrose preference test.Western blotting,ELISA,or quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR)analysis were used to detect the expressions of proteins/peptides or genes in the hippocampus.Results:Chronic administration of the slow-onset antidepressant paroxetine resulted in an increase in hippocampal PACAP expression,and intra-DG blockade of PACAP attenuated the onset of the antidepressant response.The levels of hippocampal PACAP expression were reduced in both two distinct depression animal models and intra-DG knockdown of PACAP induced depression-like behaviors.Conversely,a single infusion of PACAP into the DG region produced a rapid and sustained antidepressant response in both normal and chronically stressed mice.Optogenetic intra-DG excitation of PACAP-expressing neurons instantly elicited antidepressant responses,while optogenetic inhibition induced depression-like behaviors.The longer optogenetic excitation/inhibition elicited the more sustained antidepressant/depression-like responses.Intra-DG PACAP infusion immediately facilitated the signaling for rapid antidepressant response by inhibiting calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ(CaM KⅡ)-eukaryotic elongation factor 2(eEF2)and activating the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR).Pre-activation of CaMKⅡsignaling within the DG blunted PACAP-induced rapid antidepressant response as well as eEF2-mTOR-brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)signaling.Finally,acute ketamine treatment upregulated hippocampal PACAP expression,whereas intraDG blockade of PACAP signaling attenuated ketamine’s rapid antidepressant response.Conclusions:Activation of hippocampal PACAP signaling induces a rapid antidepressant response through the regulation of CaMKⅡinhibition-governed eEF2-mTOR-BDNF signaling.
文摘Novelty detection is to retrieve new information and filter redundancy fromgiven sentences that are relevant to a specific topic. In TREC2003, the authors tried an approach tonovelty detection with semantic distance computation. The motivation is to expand a sentence byintroducing semantic information. Computation on semantic distance between sentences incorporatesWordNet with statistical information. The novelty detection is treated as a binary classificationproblem: new sentence or not. The feature vector, used in the vector space model for classification,consists of various factors, including the semantic distance from the sentence to the topic and thedistance from the sentence to the previous relevant context occurring before it. New sentences arethen detected with Winnow and support vector machine classifiers, respectively. Several experimentsare conducted to survey the relationship between different factors and performance. It is provedthat semantic computation is promising in novelty detection. The ratio of new sentence size torelevant size is further studied given different relevant document sizes. It is found that the ratioreduced with a certain speed (about 0.86). Then another group of experiments is performedsupervised with the ratio. It is demonstrated that the ratio is helpful to improve the noveltydetection performance.
文摘Generative adversarial network(GAN) is the most exciting machine learning breakthrough in recent years,and it trains the learning model by finding the Nash equilibrium of a two-player zero-sum game.GAN is composed of a generator and a discriminator,both trained with the adversarial learning mechanism.In this paper,we introduce and investigate the use of GAN for novelty detection.In training,GAN learns from ordinary data.Then,using previously unknown data,the generator and the discriminator with the designed decision boundaries can both be used to separate novel patterns from ordinary patterns.The proposed GAN-based novelty detection method demonstrates a competitive performance on the MNIST digit database and the Tennessee Eastman(TE) benchmark process compared with the PCA-based novelty detection methods using Hotelling's T^2 and squared prediction error statistics.
基金Supported by the European Community(EC:AGGRESSOTYPE FP7/No.602805)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(15-04-03602)
文摘Objectives: Previous studies involving mice have demonstrated that a cholesterolenriched diet evokes liver steatosis, dystrophy, inflammation, and aspects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). These changes are accompanied by the activation of pro-inflammatory brain and liver molecular pathways, as well as anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Given previously reported evidence for the neurobiological relationship between the above-mentioned molecular changes and abnormalities in coping with environmental stimuli, such as interactions with other individuals and new environmental contexts, we hypothesized that novelty exploration and aggressive behavior are affected in a mouse NAFLD model. Methods: To test this hypothesis, young female C57BL/6J mice were fed with a regular chow or a diet containing 0.2% cholesterol for 3 weeks. The mice were then assessed for new object and novel cage exploration, and social interaction in a food competition test. Results: We found reduced object exploration in mice on the cholesterol-enriched diet. This reduction was not related to whether the new object was placed in an anxiogenic or non-anxiogenic environment. These changes were accompanied by diminished exploration of the new environment in a novel cage, and delayed approach to food after a period of food deprivation. Mice on the regular chow or cholesterolenriched diet showed no differences in aggressive behavior towards a counter-partner in a food competition test. Food intake and body weight did not differ between the groups, thus, excluding their potential as confounders in the measured behaviors. Conclusions: We conclude that a diet enriched with cholesterol reduces novelty exploration irrespective of the anxiogenic level of the environment and does not induce aggressive behavior in female mice.
基金the funding agencies behind this research,the Finnish KONE Foundation,the Wenner Gren Foundation,and the Swiss National Science Foundation(CRSK-3_220769)awarded to SE.
文摘Urban environments expose animals to abundant anthropogenic materials and foods that facilitate foraging innovations in species with oppor-tunistic diets and high behavioral flexibility.Neophilia and exploration tendency are believed to be important behavioral traits for animals thriving in urban environments.Vervet monkeys(Chlorocebus pygerythrus)are one of few primate species that have successfully adapted to urban environments,thus making them an ideal species to study these traits.Using a within-species cross-habitat approach,we compared neophilia and exploration of novel objects(jointly referred to as"object curiosity")between semi-urban,wild,and captive monkeys to shed light on the cognitive traits facilitating urban living.To measure"object curiosity:"we exposed monkeys to various types of novel stimuli and compared their approaches and explorative behavior.Our results revealed differences in the number of approaches and explorative behavior toward novel stimuli between the habitat types considered.Captive vervet monkeys were significantly more explorative than both semi-urban and wild troops,sug-gesting that positive experiences with humans and lack of predation,rather than exposure to human materials per se,influence object curiosity.Across habitats,juvenile males were the most explorative age-sex class.This is likely due to males being the dispersing sex and juveniles being more motivated to learn about their environment.Additionally,we found that items potentially associated with human food,elicited stronger explorative responses in semi-urban monkeys than non-food related objects,suggesting that their motivation to explore might be driven by"anthrophilia'that is,their experience of rewarding foraging on similar anthropogenic food sources.We conclude that varying levels of exposure to humans,predation and pre-exposure to human food packaging explain variation in"object curiosity"in our sample of vervet monkeys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82171521(to CL)the Special Funds ofTaishan Scholars Project of Shandong Province,No.tsqn202211368(to CL)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Nos.ZR2022YQ65(to CL),ZR2021MH073(to CL),ZR2019PH109(to WW)the Projects of Medical and Health Technology Development Program in Shandong Province,China,Nos.202003090720(to DZ),202003070728(to JL),2019 WS329(to DW)the Scientific Research Foundation of Binzhou Medical University,No.BY2018KJ21(to DW)。
文摘Social dysfunction is a risk factor for several neuropsychiatric illnesses.Previous studies have shown that the lateral septum(LS)-related pathway plays a critical role in mediating social behaviors.Howeve r,the role of the connections between the LS and its downstream brain regions in social behavio rs remains unclea r.In this study,we conducted a three-chamber test using electrophysiological and chemogenetic approaches in mice to determine how LS projections to ventral CA1(vCA1)influence sociability.Our res ults showed that gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-e rgic neuro ns were activated following social experience,and that social behavio rs were enhanced by chemogenetic modulation of these neurons.Moreover,LS GABAergic neurons extended their functional neural connections via vCA1 glutamatergic pyramidal neurons,and regulating LSGABA→vCA1Gluneural projections affected social behaviors,which were impeded by suppressing LSprojecting vCA1 neuronal activity or inhibiting GABAAreceptors in vCA1.These findings support the hypothesis that LS inputs to the vCA1 can control social prefe rences and social novelty behaviors.These findings provide new insights rega rding the neural circuits that regulate sociability.
基金supported by the Italian University and Research Consortium CINECA
文摘Fault diagnosis of electric motors is a fundamental task for production line testing, and it is usually performed by experienced human operators. In the recent years, several methods have been proposed in the literature for detecting faults automatically. Deep neural networks have been successfully employed for this task, but, up to the authors' knowledge, they have never been used in an unsupervised scenario. This paper proposes an unsupervised method for diagnosing faults of electric motors by using a novelty detection approach based on deep autoencoders. In the proposed method, vibration signals are acquired by using accelerometers and processed to extract LogMel coefficients as features. Autoencoders are trained by using normal data only, i.e., data that do not contain faults. Three different autoencoders architectures have been evaluated: the multilayer perceptron(MLP) autoencoder, the convolutional neural network autoencoder, and the recurrent autoencoder composed of long short-term memory(LSTM) units. The experiments have been conducted by using a dataset created by the authors, and the proposed approaches have been compared to the one-class support vector machine(OC-SVM) algorithm. The performance has been evaluated in terms area under curve(AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the results showed that all the autoencoder-based approaches outperform the OCSVM algorithm. Moreover, the MLP autoencoder is the most performing architecture, achieving an AUC equal to 99.11 %.
