Model checking evaluates whether a statistical model faithfully captures the underlying data-generating process.Classical tests—such as local-smoothing and empirical-process methods—break down in high dimensions.Mor...Model checking evaluates whether a statistical model faithfully captures the underlying data-generating process.Classical tests—such as local-smoothing and empirical-process methods—break down in high dimensions.More recent approaches use predictiveness comparisons with flexible machine-learning model fitting procedures to yield algorithm-agnostic tests,yet they require large labeled samples.The authors introduce a prediction-powered,semi-supervised framework that:1)Imputes responses for unlabeled data via a pretrained model;2)Corrects imputation bias with a rectifier calibrated on labeled data;3)Adaptively balances these components through a data-driven power-tuning parameter.Building on algorithm-agnostic out-of-sample predictiveness comparisons,the proposed method integrates unlabeled information to enhance power.Theoretical analyses and numerical results demonstrate that the proposed test controls Type I error and substantially improves power over fully supervised counterparts,even under imputation-model misspecification.展开更多
Nursing education in Indonesia experienced a number of changes during the new normal.The biopsychosocial health status reveals how students can complete their studies well at nursing school in the new normal.A quantit...Nursing education in Indonesia experienced a number of changes during the new normal.The biopsychosocial health status reveals how students can complete their studies well at nursing school in the new normal.A quantitative,descriptive correlational study sampled 368 student nurses from2 universities.This study used a biopsychosocial questionnaire,which included biological,physiological,and social dimensions.In this study,there was no significant demographic student nurse relationship with the biological,psychological,and social dimensions of health,at P-value 0.05(Age P=0.70,P=0.27,P=0.93)sex(P=1,P=0.919,P=0.5),as well as grade level(P=0.9,P=0.37,P=0.64).Student nurses were dynamic,such as process input,resulting in coping adaptation and the ability to care for themselves.There was a relationship between both universities with a psychological dimension and a P-value of 0.049.In terms of Generation Z technology,both universities played a role.Lifestyle influences can lead to intense feelings of isolation and loneliness in some teens,including self-negativity,fear of missing out on information,and shame about not meeting appropriate standards for social media.The influence of an unhealthy lifestyle impacts stress and anxiety.The student nurses assigned considered themselves to be“healthy”in terms of their biopsychosocial health status.Student nurses continued to develop in their biopsychosocial health by utilizing different coping strategies to adapt and adjust to their environment in their school of nursing.展开更多
Environmental problems are intensifying due to the rapid growth of the population,industry,and urban infrastructure.This expansion has resulted in increased air and water pollution,intensified urban heat island effect...Environmental problems are intensifying due to the rapid growth of the population,industry,and urban infrastructure.This expansion has resulted in increased air and water pollution,intensified urban heat island effects,and greater runoff from parks and other green spaces.Addressing these challenges requires prioritizing green infrastructure and other sustainable urban development strategies.This study introduces a novel Integrated Decision Support System that combines Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets with the Advanced Alternative Ranking Order Method allowing for Two-Step Normalization(AAROM-TN),enhanced by a dual weighting strategy.The weighting approach integrates the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method with the Criteria Importance through Means and Standard Deviation(CIMAS)technique.The originality of the proposed framework lies in its ability to objectively quantify criteria importance using CRITIC,incorporate decision-makers’preferences through CIMAS,and capture the uncertainty and hesitation inherent in human judgment via Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets.A case study evaluating green infrastructure alternatives in metropolitan regions demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the framework.A sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine how variations in criteria weights affect the rankings and to evaluate the robustness of the results.Furthermore,a comparative analysis highlights the practical and financial implications of each alternative by assessing their respective strengths and weaknesses.展开更多
Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divide...Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divides the order of a group G.In this paper,some characterizations of G being p-solvable or p-supersolvable were obtained by analyzing the normal index of certain subgroups of G.These results can be viewed as local version of recent results in the literature.展开更多
A model for dynamic frictionless contact between a viscoelastic body and foundation is considered.The viscoelastic constitutive law is assumed to be nonlinear and the contact is modelled with the normal compliance con...A model for dynamic frictionless contact between a viscoelastic body and foundation is considered.The viscoelastic constitutive law is assumed to be nonlinear and the contact is modelled with the normal compliance condition.We obtain the well-posedness using nonlinear semigroup theory arguments.Moreover,the exponential stability result of the solution is shown by using the energy method to produce a suitable Lyapunov function.展开更多
This study investigates the mechanisms of friction-induced vibration under periodic variations in stress distribution using an improved fretting friction model.A fretting friction test system integrated with a total r...This study investigates the mechanisms of friction-induced vibration under periodic variations in stress distribution using an improved fretting friction model.A fretting friction test system integrated with a total reflection method was developed to analyze interfacial contact behavior under dynamic loading conditions.An improved fretting friction model was established,incorporating three critical nonlinear parameters:the hysteretic friction coefficient,tangential stiffness fluctuations,and stress distribution.Through systematic validation,the model demonstrates high-fidelity replication of experimental steady-state amplitude-frequency responses.Key findings reveal that non-uniform stress distribution governs irregularities in the vibration response,and increased uniformity intensifies stick-slip instabilities.Near the stick-slip transition threshold,distinct vibration anomalies emerge due to the coupled effects of stress heterogeneity,friction hysteresis,and stiffness variations during state transitions.Furthermore,the magnitude of the normal contact force systematically alters the dominant interfacial contact mechanism.The different interfacial contact states at various frequencies lead to distinct steady-state responses.This shift elevates resonance frequencies and amplifies higher-order resonant peaks.The fretting friction model provides a predictive framework for vibration control under dynamic interfacial loading.展开更多
We investigate the constrained fractional Choquard equation■where m>0,N>2s with s∈(0,1)being the order of the fractional Laplacian operator and I_(α)forα∈(0,N)denotes the Riesz potential.The parameterμ∈ℝa...We investigate the constrained fractional Choquard equation■where m>0,N>2s with s∈(0,1)being the order of the fractional Laplacian operator and I_(α)forα∈(0,N)denotes the Riesz potential.The parameterμ∈ℝappears as a Lagrange multiplier.By imposing general mass-supercritical conditions on F,we confirm the existence of normalized solutions that characterize the global minimizer on the Pohozaev manifold.Our proof does not depend on the assumption that all weak solutions satisfy the Pohozaev identity,a challenge that remains unsolved for this doubly nonlocal equation.展开更多
Intermittent joints are common in rock masses and are subjected to cyclic shear loads from seismic events,environmental factors,and human activities.In this study,we conducted cyclic shear tests to investigate the eff...Intermittent joints are common in rock masses and are subjected to cyclic shear loads from seismic events,environmental factors,and human activities.In this study,we conducted cyclic shear tests to investigate the effect of joint geometry(persistence,overlap,and spacing)on the cyclic shear behavior of intermittent joints under constant normal stiffness conditions.Our results revealed step‐path failure surfaces comprising tensile and shear failure surfaces.Shear failure surface controlled the degradation of shear properties,with shear strength decreasing progressively with cycles,ranging from 74.07%to 97.94%.Intermittent joints exhibited significant compressibility,with dilation predominant in early cycles and compression in later ones.Shear strength and dilation were more sensitive to joint persistence and spacing than overlap.Friction coefficients showed nonmonotonic variations with cycle number.High persistence,moderate overlap,and small spacing were identified as the most destabilizing combination.These findings offer valuable insights for stability assessment and deformation characterization in deep rock engineering.展开更多
The detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration has ushered in a new era of observational astronomy,emphasizing the need for rapid and detailed parameter estimation and population-level anal...The detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration has ushered in a new era of observational astronomy,emphasizing the need for rapid and detailed parameter estimation and population-level analyses.Traditional Bayesian inference methods,particularly Markov chain Monte Carlo,face significant computational challenges when dealing with the high-dimensional parameter spaces and complex noise characteristics inherent in gravitational wave data.This review examines the emerging role of simulation-based inference methods in gravitational wave astronomy,with a focus on approaches that leverage machine-learning techniques such as normalizing flows and neural posterior estimation.We provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical foundations underlying various simulation-based inference methods,including neural posterior estimation,neural ratio estimation,neural likelihood estimation,flow matching,and consistency models.We explore the applications of these methods across diverse gravitational wave data processing scenarios,from single-source parameter estimation and overlapping signal analysis to testing general relativity and conducting population studies.Although these techniques demonstrate speed improvements over traditional methods in controlled studies,their model-dependent nature and sensitivity to prior assumptions are barriers to their widespread adoption.Their accuracy,which is similar to that of conventional methods,requires further validation across broader parameter spaces and noise conditions.展开更多
In an ultraprecision turning process for small-diameter optical aspheric workpieces,tool-profile errors induce mid-frequency errors in the workpiece profile,limiting further improvements in precision.In this study,an ...In an ultraprecision turning process for small-diameter optical aspheric workpieces,tool-profile errors induce mid-frequency errors in the workpiece profile,limiting further improvements in precision.In this study,an XZB three-axis linkage ultraprecision machining method is proposed,and the effects of tool-center errors are analyzed.To address residual errors in Z-direction profile-error compensation,a workpiece normal-profile-error compensation method is proposed.After XZB three-axis linkage turning and compensation,the workpiece profile error(PV)reaches 0.086μm,surpassing the precision of XZ two-axis machining,and mid-frequency errors are reduced.Compared with Z-direction profile-error compensation,which results in a profile error of 0.092μm,normal-profile-error compensation reduces PV to 0.047μm,considerably improving aspheric accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate that XZB three-axis linkage machining significantly improves the aspheric workpiece profile,enhancing both its accuracy and surface quality.This method reduces mid-frequency errors,and the subsequent application of normal-profile-error compensation further refines the profile,achieving higher overall accuracy.展开更多
This study investigates the effects of ocean boundaries on modal shapes in very-low-frequency(VLF,1–10 Hz)sound propagation through the deep ocean.Utilizing a normal mode solution formulated in terms of parabolic cyl...This study investigates the effects of ocean boundaries on modal shapes in very-low-frequency(VLF,1–10 Hz)sound propagation through the deep ocean.Utilizing a normal mode solution formulated in terms of parabolic cylinder functions(PCF),we demonstrate that boundary interactions induce a phase change reduction below-πat frequencies of several hertz.This reduction,in turn,forces a key transition in the solution,shifting the order of the PCF from integer to non-integer values.Analysis of the characteristic shape of the PCF versus its order reveals that these boundary-influenced modes exhibit an energy shift toward deeper regions and a weakened axial convergence of the underwater sound field.展开更多
Liquid core reduction(LCR)technology,originally developed for continuous thin-slab casting,allows space for a submerged entry nozzle in a mold while improving production efficiency.Recent experimental attempts explore...Liquid core reduction(LCR)technology,originally developed for continuous thin-slab casting,allows space for a submerged entry nozzle in a mold while improving production efficiency.Recent experimental attempts explore the implementation of LCR in regular slab casting processes.However,regular slabs(2–3 times thicker than thin slabs)face critical challenges in terms of excessive deformation and stress concentration under external forces,which induce intermediate cracks and thus hinder successful LCR adoption in regular slab production.This study evaluates the feasibility of LCR for producing regular slabs and identifies optimal reduction parameters to prevent crack initiation.A three-dimensional thermal–mechanical coupled model is proposed using the finite element method(FEM),integrated with the equivalent replacement liquid steel(ERLS)method and the normalized Cockcroft–Latham damage model,to achieve quantitative prediction of intermediate crack risk during the LCR process.The ERLS model simulates the extrusion flow and expulsion behavior of the liquid core,and its accuracy is validated against actual production measurements.To identify the critical damage value leading to intermediate crack initiation,this study conducts a consistency analysis between high-temperature tensile tests and FEM-based simulations using damage models.Based on this value,crack prediction is performed for Q355 slabs with cross-sectional dimensions of 170 mm×1450 mm.Using the prediction results,an optimal reduction scheme is determined,wherein the second segment accounts for 50%of the total reduction,the third segment for 32.5%,and the fourth segment for 17.5%,with the theoretical value of maximum reduction being 34 mm.These results provide actionable guidelines for the potential implementation of LCR in regular slab-casting systems.展开更多
This paper presents new estimations for all parameters(amplitude,frequency,quality factor,and initial phase)of the_(0)S_(0)Earth fundamental mode,which was triggered by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with a magni...This paper presents new estimations for all parameters(amplitude,frequency,quality factor,and initial phase)of the_(0)S_(0)Earth fundamental mode,which was triggered by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with a magnitude of Mw9.1.Sixteen records from the IGETS superconducting gravimeters have been analyzed.Using the maximum likelihood method algorithm,frequency,initial phase,and amplitude estimates have been acquired with remarkable accuracy.The values of frequency(814.6568±0.0002μHz)and quality factor(5455±17)obtained in this study differ slightly from those of the PREM model,and the amplitude variations qualitatively correspond to those of the SKS12WM13model.The estimated time delay between the onset of the earthquake and the excitation of the mode(290 s)is consistent with the moment tensor analysis from the USGS National Earthquake Information Center.展开更多
In the arid regions of Northwest China,vegetation cover plays a crucial role in maintaining unique terrestrial ecosystems.Vegetation growth is highly sensitive to variations in topographical factors,and the influence ...In the arid regions of Northwest China,vegetation cover plays a crucial role in maintaining unique terrestrial ecosystems.Vegetation growth is highly sensitive to variations in topographical factors,and the influence of topography on vegetation cover has attracted increasing attention.This study analyzed vegetation dynamics and their relationship with topography in the Tianshan Mountains of China using Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data during 2000–2022 and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)-derived topographical factors(elevation,slope,and aspect).Theil-Sen slope estimation and Mann-Kendall trend tests were applied to quantify temporal changes in vegetation,while a terrain area correction coefficient(K)was used to assess spatial associations of vegetation with topography.Random Forest(RF)regression and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)analysis evaluated the relative importance of topographical factors in shaping vegetation cover(multi-year mean NDVI)distribution.Key findings included that over the 23-a period,59.46%of the vegetated area exhibited significant improvement(P<0.05),with the southern Tianshan Mountains showing the most pronounced increase(70.59%),whereas vegetation degradation(3.10%)was primarily concentrated in river valleys with intensive human activities.RF-SHAP analysis revealed that elevation is the primary driver of vegetation cover patterns,explaining 52.00%of the NDVI variation.The peak NDVI(0.42)occurred at elevations between 2800 and 3200 m.Slope and aspect also significantly influenced vegetation distribution,and higher NDVI values and greater improvement trends were observed on shady(north-facing)slopes compared to sunny(south-facing)slopes.K-index analysis indicated pronounced vegetation change—both degradation and improvement—in areas with elevations between 1100 and 2800 m and slopes exceeding 5°,particularly on sunny slopes.Low-elevation desert areas in the southern Tianshan Mountains were highly susceptible to degradation.This study underscores the critical role of topography in regulating vegetation cover and its spatiotemporal dynamics,providing a scientific basis for sustainable management of arid mountain ecosystems.展开更多
The rapid rise of cyberattacks and the gradual failure of traditional defense systems and approaches led to using artificial intelligence(AI)techniques(such as machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL))to build more e...The rapid rise of cyberattacks and the gradual failure of traditional defense systems and approaches led to using artificial intelligence(AI)techniques(such as machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL))to build more efficient and reliable intrusion detection systems(IDSs).However,the advent of larger IDS datasets has negatively impacted the performance and computational complexity of AI-based IDSs.Many researchers used data preprocessing techniques such as feature selection and normalization to overcome such issues.While most of these researchers reported the success of these preprocessing techniques on a shallow level,very few studies have been performed on their effects on a wider scale.Furthermore,the performance of an IDS model is subject to not only the utilized preprocessing techniques but also the dataset and the ML/DL algorithm used,which most of the existing studies give little emphasis on.Thus,this study provides an in-depth analysis of feature selection and normalization effects on IDS models built using three IDS datasets:NSL-KDD,UNSW-NB15,and CSE–CIC–IDS2018,and various AI algorithms.A wrapper-based approach,which tends to give superior performance,and min-max normalization methods were used for feature selection and normalization,respectively.Numerous IDS models were implemented using the full and feature-selected copies of the datasets with and without normalization.The models were evaluated using popular evaluation metrics in IDS modeling,intra-and inter-model comparisons were performed between models and with state-of-the-art works.Random forest(RF)models performed better on NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets with accuracies of 99.86%and 96.01%,respectively,whereas artificial neural network(ANN)achieved the best accuracy of 95.43%on the CSE–CIC–IDS2018 dataset.The RF models also achieved an excellent performance compared to recent works.The results show that normalization and feature selection positively affect IDS modeling.Furthermore,while feature selection benefits simpler algorithms(such as RF),normalization is more useful for complex algorithms like ANNs and deep neural networks(DNNs),and algorithms such as Naive Bayes are unsuitable for IDS modeling.The study also found that the UNSW-NB15 and CSE–CIC–IDS2018 datasets are more complex and more suitable for building and evaluating modern-day IDS than the NSL-KDD dataset.Our findings suggest that prioritizing robust algorithms like RF,alongside complex models such as ANN and DNN,can significantly enhance IDS performance.These insights provide valuable guidance for managers to develop more effective security measures by focusing on high detection rates and low false alert rates.展开更多
Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB), which can potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor i...Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB), which can potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, immune checkpoints, expressed on both tumor cells and immune cells, have been identified;some of them have exhibited potential druggability and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for clinical treatment. However, limited responses and immune-related adverse events(ir AEs) cannot be ignored. This review outlines the development and applications of ICBs, potential strategies for overcoming resistance, and future directions for ICB-based cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
Rockfall represents a significant geological hazard in mountainous regions,characterized by a sudden and unpredictable feature.The process of dynamic fragmentation and energy conversion in a rockfall event remains com...Rockfall represents a significant geological hazard in mountainous regions,characterized by a sudden and unpredictable feature.The process of dynamic fragmentation and energy conversion in a rockfall event remains complex and not fully understood.This study aims to gain a further understanding of the energy transfer mechanism during rockfall impact and fragmentation by impact tests using a variety of rock-like sphere specimens.The experiments mainly focus on the quantitative correlation between fragmentation degree and influence factors,i.e.impact angle and velocity on steel and granite slabs.The analysis focuses on the energy distribution characteristics,energy dissipation mechanisms,and the energy conversion rate of the fragments during impact and fragmentation.The results show that there is a significant correlation between the energy conversion rate and the fragmentation degree.In normal impact tests,elasto-plastic deformation energy and fracture energy are found to be two primary categories of energy dissipation.The proportion of total kinetic energy after impact is inversely proportional to the initial energy.A comparative analysis between normal and inclined slab impact tests reveals that the impact angle significantly influences the energy conversion rate,which controls the fragmentation degree as well.In addition,the fragmentation degree is inversely proportional to the restitution coefficient.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the energy conversion mechanism during rockfall impact and fragmentation,providing valuable insight for the development of effective strategies to mitigate such rockfall hazards.展开更多
Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the t...Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.展开更多
The surrounding rock of the soft rock roadway is seriously deformed and damaged under the superposition of mining stress and fault tectonic stress.In this paper,taking the No.232206 intake roadway in Meihuajing Coal M...The surrounding rock of the soft rock roadway is seriously deformed and damaged under the superposition of mining stress and fault tectonic stress.In this paper,taking the No.232206 intake roadway in Meihuajing Coal Mine as the engineering background,the deformation and failure law of the surrounding rock of the roadway in different fault protection pillar widths were obtained by numerical simulation method.On this basis,the mechanical model of the roadway under the action of hanging wall overburden migration and fault slip in normal faults was established,and the energy-driven mechanism of large deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway was revealed.The ratio T of the energy applying on anchoring surrounding rock to the resistant energy of the anchored surrounding rock was defined as the criterion for the deformation of the roadway.Finally,it was calculated according to the actual working conditions on site,and the control method of“stress relief-support reinforcement”was used to support the roadway with the risk of large deformation.The on-site monitoring results show that the control effect of the surrounding rock of the roadway is obvious.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant Nos.2022YFA1003800 and 2022YFA1003703the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12531011,12231011 and 12471255+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant No.23ZR1419400the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.63253110supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation General Funding Program under Grant No.2025M7730792025 Annual Planning Project of the Commerce Statistical Society of China under Grant No.2025STY115。
文摘Model checking evaluates whether a statistical model faithfully captures the underlying data-generating process.Classical tests—such as local-smoothing and empirical-process methods—break down in high dimensions.More recent approaches use predictiveness comparisons with flexible machine-learning model fitting procedures to yield algorithm-agnostic tests,yet they require large labeled samples.The authors introduce a prediction-powered,semi-supervised framework that:1)Imputes responses for unlabeled data via a pretrained model;2)Corrects imputation bias with a rectifier calibrated on labeled data;3)Adaptively balances these components through a data-driven power-tuning parameter.Building on algorithm-agnostic out-of-sample predictiveness comparisons,the proposed method integrates unlabeled information to enhance power.Theoretical analyses and numerical results demonstrate that the proposed test controls Type I error and substantially improves power over fully supervised counterparts,even under imputation-model misspecification.
文摘Nursing education in Indonesia experienced a number of changes during the new normal.The biopsychosocial health status reveals how students can complete their studies well at nursing school in the new normal.A quantitative,descriptive correlational study sampled 368 student nurses from2 universities.This study used a biopsychosocial questionnaire,which included biological,physiological,and social dimensions.In this study,there was no significant demographic student nurse relationship with the biological,psychological,and social dimensions of health,at P-value 0.05(Age P=0.70,P=0.27,P=0.93)sex(P=1,P=0.919,P=0.5),as well as grade level(P=0.9,P=0.37,P=0.64).Student nurses were dynamic,such as process input,resulting in coping adaptation and the ability to care for themselves.There was a relationship between both universities with a psychological dimension and a P-value of 0.049.In terms of Generation Z technology,both universities played a role.Lifestyle influences can lead to intense feelings of isolation and loneliness in some teens,including self-negativity,fear of missing out on information,and shame about not meeting appropriate standards for social media.The influence of an unhealthy lifestyle impacts stress and anxiety.The student nurses assigned considered themselves to be“healthy”in terms of their biopsychosocial health status.Student nurses continued to develop in their biopsychosocial health by utilizing different coping strategies to adapt and adjust to their environment in their school of nursing.
基金supported by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2026R259)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.Ashit Kumar Dutta would like to thank AlMaarefa University for supporting this research under project number MHIRSP2025017.
文摘Environmental problems are intensifying due to the rapid growth of the population,industry,and urban infrastructure.This expansion has resulted in increased air and water pollution,intensified urban heat island effects,and greater runoff from parks and other green spaces.Addressing these challenges requires prioritizing green infrastructure and other sustainable urban development strategies.This study introduces a novel Integrated Decision Support System that combines Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets with the Advanced Alternative Ranking Order Method allowing for Two-Step Normalization(AAROM-TN),enhanced by a dual weighting strategy.The weighting approach integrates the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method with the Criteria Importance through Means and Standard Deviation(CIMAS)technique.The originality of the proposed framework lies in its ability to objectively quantify criteria importance using CRITIC,incorporate decision-makers’preferences through CIMAS,and capture the uncertainty and hesitation inherent in human judgment via Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets.A case study evaluating green infrastructure alternatives in metropolitan regions demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the framework.A sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine how variations in criteria weights affect the rankings and to evaluate the robustness of the results.Furthermore,a comparative analysis highlights the practical and financial implications of each alternative by assessing their respective strengths and weaknesses.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071092)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2025A1515012072)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(Grant No.2024AH051298)the Scientific Research Foundation of Bozhou University(Grant No.BYKQ202419).
文摘Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divides the order of a group G.In this paper,some characterizations of G being p-solvable or p-supersolvable were obtained by analyzing the normal index of certain subgroups of G.These results can be viewed as local version of recent results in the literature.
文摘A model for dynamic frictionless contact between a viscoelastic body and foundation is considered.The viscoelastic constitutive law is assumed to be nonlinear and the contact is modelled with the normal compliance condition.We obtain the well-posedness using nonlinear semigroup theory arguments.Moreover,the exponential stability result of the solution is shown by using the energy method to produce a suitable Lyapunov function.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11872033)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.3172017)。
文摘This study investigates the mechanisms of friction-induced vibration under periodic variations in stress distribution using an improved fretting friction model.A fretting friction test system integrated with a total reflection method was developed to analyze interfacial contact behavior under dynamic loading conditions.An improved fretting friction model was established,incorporating three critical nonlinear parameters:the hysteretic friction coefficient,tangential stiffness fluctuations,and stress distribution.Through systematic validation,the model demonstrates high-fidelity replication of experimental steady-state amplitude-frequency responses.Key findings reveal that non-uniform stress distribution governs irregularities in the vibration response,and increased uniformity intensifies stick-slip instabilities.Near the stick-slip transition threshold,distinct vibration anomalies emerge due to the coupled effects of stress heterogeneity,friction hysteresis,and stiffness variations during state transitions.Furthermore,the magnitude of the normal contact force systematically alters the dominant interfacial contact mechanism.The different interfacial contact states at various frequencies lead to distinct steady-state responses.This shift elevates resonance frequencies and amplifies higher-order resonant peaks.The fretting friction model provides a predictive framework for vibration control under dynamic interfacial loading.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515012138)the NSFC(12271436,12371119)supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2022JC-04).
文摘We investigate the constrained fractional Choquard equation■where m>0,N>2s with s∈(0,1)being the order of the fractional Laplacian operator and I_(α)forα∈(0,N)denotes the Riesz potential.The parameterμ∈ℝappears as a Lagrange multiplier.By imposing general mass-supercritical conditions on F,we confirm the existence of normalized solutions that characterize the global minimizer on the Pohozaev manifold.Our proof does not depend on the assumption that all weak solutions satisfy the Pohozaev identity,a challenge that remains unsolved for this doubly nonlocal equation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:42172292Shandong Energy Group,Grant/Award Number:SNKJ2022A01-R26Taishan Scholars Project Special Funding。
文摘Intermittent joints are common in rock masses and are subjected to cyclic shear loads from seismic events,environmental factors,and human activities.In this study,we conducted cyclic shear tests to investigate the effect of joint geometry(persistence,overlap,and spacing)on the cyclic shear behavior of intermittent joints under constant normal stiffness conditions.Our results revealed step‐path failure surfaces comprising tensile and shear failure surfaces.Shear failure surface controlled the degradation of shear properties,with shear strength decreasing progressively with cycles,ranging from 74.07%to 97.94%.Intermittent joints exhibited significant compressibility,with dilation predominant in early cycles and compression in later ones.Shear strength and dilation were more sensitive to joint persistence and spacing than overlap.Friction coefficients showed nonmonotonic variations with cycle number.High persistence,moderate overlap,and small spacing were identified as the most destabilizing combination.These findings offer valuable insights for stability assessment and deformation characterization in deep rock engineering.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2203004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12405076,12247187,and 12147103)+1 种基金the National Astronomical Data Center(NADC2023YDS-01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration has ushered in a new era of observational astronomy,emphasizing the need for rapid and detailed parameter estimation and population-level analyses.Traditional Bayesian inference methods,particularly Markov chain Monte Carlo,face significant computational challenges when dealing with the high-dimensional parameter spaces and complex noise characteristics inherent in gravitational wave data.This review examines the emerging role of simulation-based inference methods in gravitational wave astronomy,with a focus on approaches that leverage machine-learning techniques such as normalizing flows and neural posterior estimation.We provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical foundations underlying various simulation-based inference methods,including neural posterior estimation,neural ratio estimation,neural likelihood estimation,flow matching,and consistency models.We explore the applications of these methods across diverse gravitational wave data processing scenarios,from single-source parameter estimation and overlapping signal analysis to testing general relativity and conducting population studies.Although these techniques demonstrate speed improvements over traditional methods in controlled studies,their model-dependent nature and sensitivity to prior assumptions are barriers to their widespread adoption.Their accuracy,which is similar to that of conventional methods,requires further validation across broader parameter spaces and noise conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52130503)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grants Nos.2023RC1046 and 2023GK2008)+2 种基金the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Grant No.2021JC0005)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.QL20220088)the Shenzhen Undertakes Major National Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.CJGJZD20220517142406015).
文摘In an ultraprecision turning process for small-diameter optical aspheric workpieces,tool-profile errors induce mid-frequency errors in the workpiece profile,limiting further improvements in precision.In this study,an XZB three-axis linkage ultraprecision machining method is proposed,and the effects of tool-center errors are analyzed.To address residual errors in Z-direction profile-error compensation,a workpiece normal-profile-error compensation method is proposed.After XZB three-axis linkage turning and compensation,the workpiece profile error(PV)reaches 0.086μm,surpassing the precision of XZ two-axis machining,and mid-frequency errors are reduced.Compared with Z-direction profile-error compensation,which results in a profile error of 0.092μm,normal-profile-error compensation reduces PV to 0.047μm,considerably improving aspheric accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate that XZB three-axis linkage machining significantly improves the aspheric workpiece profile,enhancing both its accuracy and surface quality.This method reduces mid-frequency errors,and the subsequent application of normal-profile-error compensation further refines the profile,achieving higher overall accuracy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12204128)。
文摘This study investigates the effects of ocean boundaries on modal shapes in very-low-frequency(VLF,1–10 Hz)sound propagation through the deep ocean.Utilizing a normal mode solution formulated in terms of parabolic cylinder functions(PCF),we demonstrate that boundary interactions induce a phase change reduction below-πat frequencies of several hertz.This reduction,in turn,forces a key transition in the solution,shifting the order of the PCF from integer to non-integer values.Analysis of the characteristic shape of the PCF versus its order reveals that these boundary-influenced modes exhibit an energy shift toward deeper regions and a weakened axial convergence of the underwater sound field.
基金financially supported by the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52474355)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Uni-versities,China (No.N25DCG006).
文摘Liquid core reduction(LCR)technology,originally developed for continuous thin-slab casting,allows space for a submerged entry nozzle in a mold while improving production efficiency.Recent experimental attempts explore the implementation of LCR in regular slab casting processes.However,regular slabs(2–3 times thicker than thin slabs)face critical challenges in terms of excessive deformation and stress concentration under external forces,which induce intermediate cracks and thus hinder successful LCR adoption in regular slab production.This study evaluates the feasibility of LCR for producing regular slabs and identifies optimal reduction parameters to prevent crack initiation.A three-dimensional thermal–mechanical coupled model is proposed using the finite element method(FEM),integrated with the equivalent replacement liquid steel(ERLS)method and the normalized Cockcroft–Latham damage model,to achieve quantitative prediction of intermediate crack risk during the LCR process.The ERLS model simulates the extrusion flow and expulsion behavior of the liquid core,and its accuracy is validated against actual production measurements.To identify the critical damage value leading to intermediate crack initiation,this study conducts a consistency analysis between high-temperature tensile tests and FEM-based simulations using damage models.Based on this value,crack prediction is performed for Q355 slabs with cross-sectional dimensions of 170 mm×1450 mm.Using the prediction results,an optimal reduction scheme is determined,wherein the second segment accounts for 50%of the total reduction,the third segment for 32.5%,and the fourth segment for 17.5%,with the theoretical value of maximum reduction being 34 mm.These results provide actionable guidelines for the potential implementation of LCR in regular slab-casting systems.
基金conducted under the state assignment of Lomonosov Moscow State University。
文摘This paper presents new estimations for all parameters(amplitude,frequency,quality factor,and initial phase)of the_(0)S_(0)Earth fundamental mode,which was triggered by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with a magnitude of Mw9.1.Sixteen records from the IGETS superconducting gravimeters have been analyzed.Using the maximum likelihood method algorithm,frequency,initial phase,and amplitude estimates have been acquired with remarkable accuracy.The values of frequency(814.6568±0.0002μHz)and quality factor(5455±17)obtained in this study differ slightly from those of the PREM model,and the amplitude variations qualitatively correspond to those of the SKS12WM13model.The estimated time delay between the onset of the earthquake and the excitation of the mode(290 s)is consistent with the moment tensor analysis from the USGS National Earthquake Information Center.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0207900)。
文摘In the arid regions of Northwest China,vegetation cover plays a crucial role in maintaining unique terrestrial ecosystems.Vegetation growth is highly sensitive to variations in topographical factors,and the influence of topography on vegetation cover has attracted increasing attention.This study analyzed vegetation dynamics and their relationship with topography in the Tianshan Mountains of China using Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data during 2000–2022 and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)-derived topographical factors(elevation,slope,and aspect).Theil-Sen slope estimation and Mann-Kendall trend tests were applied to quantify temporal changes in vegetation,while a terrain area correction coefficient(K)was used to assess spatial associations of vegetation with topography.Random Forest(RF)regression and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)analysis evaluated the relative importance of topographical factors in shaping vegetation cover(multi-year mean NDVI)distribution.Key findings included that over the 23-a period,59.46%of the vegetated area exhibited significant improvement(P<0.05),with the southern Tianshan Mountains showing the most pronounced increase(70.59%),whereas vegetation degradation(3.10%)was primarily concentrated in river valleys with intensive human activities.RF-SHAP analysis revealed that elevation is the primary driver of vegetation cover patterns,explaining 52.00%of the NDVI variation.The peak NDVI(0.42)occurred at elevations between 2800 and 3200 m.Slope and aspect also significantly influenced vegetation distribution,and higher NDVI values and greater improvement trends were observed on shady(north-facing)slopes compared to sunny(south-facing)slopes.K-index analysis indicated pronounced vegetation change—both degradation and improvement—in areas with elevations between 1100 and 2800 m and slopes exceeding 5°,particularly on sunny slopes.Low-elevation desert areas in the southern Tianshan Mountains were highly susceptible to degradation.This study underscores the critical role of topography in regulating vegetation cover and its spatiotemporal dynamics,providing a scientific basis for sustainable management of arid mountain ecosystems.
文摘The rapid rise of cyberattacks and the gradual failure of traditional defense systems and approaches led to using artificial intelligence(AI)techniques(such as machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL))to build more efficient and reliable intrusion detection systems(IDSs).However,the advent of larger IDS datasets has negatively impacted the performance and computational complexity of AI-based IDSs.Many researchers used data preprocessing techniques such as feature selection and normalization to overcome such issues.While most of these researchers reported the success of these preprocessing techniques on a shallow level,very few studies have been performed on their effects on a wider scale.Furthermore,the performance of an IDS model is subject to not only the utilized preprocessing techniques but also the dataset and the ML/DL algorithm used,which most of the existing studies give little emphasis on.Thus,this study provides an in-depth analysis of feature selection and normalization effects on IDS models built using three IDS datasets:NSL-KDD,UNSW-NB15,and CSE–CIC–IDS2018,and various AI algorithms.A wrapper-based approach,which tends to give superior performance,and min-max normalization methods were used for feature selection and normalization,respectively.Numerous IDS models were implemented using the full and feature-selected copies of the datasets with and without normalization.The models were evaluated using popular evaluation metrics in IDS modeling,intra-and inter-model comparisons were performed between models and with state-of-the-art works.Random forest(RF)models performed better on NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets with accuracies of 99.86%and 96.01%,respectively,whereas artificial neural network(ANN)achieved the best accuracy of 95.43%on the CSE–CIC–IDS2018 dataset.The RF models also achieved an excellent performance compared to recent works.The results show that normalization and feature selection positively affect IDS modeling.Furthermore,while feature selection benefits simpler algorithms(such as RF),normalization is more useful for complex algorithms like ANNs and deep neural networks(DNNs),and algorithms such as Naive Bayes are unsuitable for IDS modeling.The study also found that the UNSW-NB15 and CSE–CIC–IDS2018 datasets are more complex and more suitable for building and evaluating modern-day IDS than the NSL-KDD dataset.Our findings suggest that prioritizing robust algorithms like RF,alongside complex models such as ANN and DNN,can significantly enhance IDS performance.These insights provide valuable guidance for managers to develop more effective security measures by focusing on high detection rates and low false alert rates.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0102100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20307 and 81930041)。
文摘Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB), which can potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, immune checkpoints, expressed on both tumor cells and immune cells, have been identified;some of them have exhibited potential druggability and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for clinical treatment. However, limited responses and immune-related adverse events(ir AEs) cannot be ignored. This review outlines the development and applications of ICBs, potential strategies for overcoming resistance, and future directions for ICB-based cancer immunotherapy.
基金financially supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A2047)the General Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(Grant No.2023NSFSC0264).
文摘Rockfall represents a significant geological hazard in mountainous regions,characterized by a sudden and unpredictable feature.The process of dynamic fragmentation and energy conversion in a rockfall event remains complex and not fully understood.This study aims to gain a further understanding of the energy transfer mechanism during rockfall impact and fragmentation by impact tests using a variety of rock-like sphere specimens.The experiments mainly focus on the quantitative correlation between fragmentation degree and influence factors,i.e.impact angle and velocity on steel and granite slabs.The analysis focuses on the energy distribution characteristics,energy dissipation mechanisms,and the energy conversion rate of the fragments during impact and fragmentation.The results show that there is a significant correlation between the energy conversion rate and the fragmentation degree.In normal impact tests,elasto-plastic deformation energy and fracture energy are found to be two primary categories of energy dissipation.The proportion of total kinetic energy after impact is inversely proportional to the initial energy.A comparative analysis between normal and inclined slab impact tests reveals that the impact angle significantly influences the energy conversion rate,which controls the fragmentation degree as well.In addition,the fragmentation degree is inversely proportional to the restitution coefficient.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the energy conversion mechanism during rockfall impact and fragmentation,providing valuable insight for the development of effective strategies to mitigate such rockfall hazards.
文摘Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.
基金Projects(52374094,52374218,52174122)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZR2022YQ49)supported by the Excellent Youth Fund of Shandong Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProjects(tspd20210313,tsqn202211150)supported by the Taishan Scholar Project in Shandong Province,China。
文摘The surrounding rock of the soft rock roadway is seriously deformed and damaged under the superposition of mining stress and fault tectonic stress.In this paper,taking the No.232206 intake roadway in Meihuajing Coal Mine as the engineering background,the deformation and failure law of the surrounding rock of the roadway in different fault protection pillar widths were obtained by numerical simulation method.On this basis,the mechanical model of the roadway under the action of hanging wall overburden migration and fault slip in normal faults was established,and the energy-driven mechanism of large deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway was revealed.The ratio T of the energy applying on anchoring surrounding rock to the resistant energy of the anchored surrounding rock was defined as the criterion for the deformation of the roadway.Finally,it was calculated according to the actual working conditions on site,and the control method of“stress relief-support reinforcement”was used to support the roadway with the risk of large deformation.The on-site monitoring results show that the control effect of the surrounding rock of the roadway is obvious.
