Chronic stress-induced depression is a common hallmark of many psychiatric disorders with high morbidity rate.Stress-induced dysregulation of noradrenergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression....Chronic stress-induced depression is a common hallmark of many psychiatric disorders with high morbidity rate.Stress-induced dysregulation of noradrenergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression.Lack of monoamine in the brain has been believed to be the main causative factor behind pathophysiology of major depressive disorder（MDD） and several antidepressants functions by increasing the monoamine level at the synapses in the brain.However,it is undetermined whether the noradrenergic receptor stimulation is critical for the therapeutic effect of antidepressant.Contrary to noradrenergic receptor stimulation,it has been suggested that the desensitization of β-adrenoceptor is involved in the therapeutic effect of antidepressant.In addition,enhanced noradrenaline（NA） release is central response to stress and thought to be a risk factor for the development of MDD.Moreover,fast acting antidepressant suppresses the hyperactivation of noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus（LC）.However,it is unclear how they alter the firing activity of LC neurons.These inconsistent reports about antidepressant effect of NA-reuptake inhibitors（NRIs） and enhanced release of NA as a stress response complicate our understanding about the pathophysiology of MDD.In this review,we will discuss the role of NA in pathophysiology of stress and the mechanism of therapeutic effect of NA in MDD.We will also discuss the possible contributions of each subtype of noradrenergic receptors on LC neurons,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis（HPA-axis） and brain derived neurotrophic factor-induced hippocampal neurogenesis during stress and therapeutic effect of NRIs in MDD.展开更多
Objective To determine whether activation and/or inhibition of α-adrenoreceptors influences substance P （SP） release from dorsal root ganglion （DRG） primary sensory neurons in vitro. Methods DRGs were dissected f...Objective To determine whether activation and/or inhibition of α-adrenoreceptors influences substance P （SP） release from dorsal root ganglion （DRG） primary sensory neurons in vitro. Methods DRGs were dissected from 15-day embryonic Wistar rats. DRG neurons were dissociated and cultured for 2 d and then exposed to noradrenaline （NA） alone （1×10-4 mol/L）, or along with the α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin （1×10-6 mol/L） or the α2-adrenoreceptor antago- nist yohimbine （1×10-5 mol/L） for 4 d. Then, RT-PCR was used to determine the levels of preprotachykinin （PPT） mRNA encoding for SP and Western blot to assess the protein levels of SP. Basal and capsaicin （CAP）-evoked SP release were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results CAP-evoked SP release was sensitized by NA and this effect was inhibited by pre-incubation with prazosin but not with yohimbine. The levels of PPT mRNA, SP peptide, and basal SP release did not change significantly in any of the experimental conditions. Conclusion NA may significantly increase CAP-evoked SP release through activation of α-adrenoreceptors, which may contribute to noradrenergic pain modulation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hemobilia occurs when there is a fistula between hepatic blood vessels and biliary radicles,and represents only a minority of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhages.Causes of hemobilia are varied,but liver absc...BACKGROUND Hemobilia occurs when there is a fistula between hepatic blood vessels and biliary radicles,and represents only a minority of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhages.Causes of hemobilia are varied,but liver abscess rarely causes hemobilia and only a few cases have been reported.Here,we present a case of atypical hemobilia caused by liver abscess that was successfully managed by endoscopic hepatobiliary intervention through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man presented to our emergency department with a history of right upper quadrant abdominal colic and repeated fever for 6 d.Abdominal sonography and enhanced computed tomography revealed that there was an abscess in the right anterior lobe of the liver.During hospitalization,the patient developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a duodenal ulcer bleeding that was treated with three metal clamps.However,the hemodynamics was still unstable.Hence,upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed again and fresh blood was seen flowing from the ampulla of Vater.Selective angiography did not show any abnormality.An endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD)tube was inserted into the right anterior bile duct through ERCP,and subsequently cold saline containing(-)-noradrenaline was infused into the bile duct lumen through the ENBD tube with no episode of further bleeding.CONCLUSION Hemobilia should be considered in the development of liver abscess,and endoscopy is essential for diagnosis and management of some cases.展开更多
The effects of tetrandine (TD) on endogenous cardiac noradrenaline (NA) release evoked by electrical stimulation were investigated in perfused guinea pig hearts. The overflow of cardiac NA and its intraneuronal metabo...The effects of tetrandine (TD) on endogenous cardiac noradrenaline (NA) release evoked by electrical stimulation were investigated in perfused guinea pig hearts. The overflow of cardiac NA and its intraneuronal metabolite 3 ,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DOPEG) were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the presence of TD,the release of NA evoked by either nerve ganglion-stimulation or cardiac field-stimulation was significantly reduced (P<0. 01). The overflow of DOPEG was markedly enhanced (P<0. 01).TD inhibited cardiac endogenous NA release resulting from activation of the sympathetic nerve terminals within the myocardium, and increased the release of DOPEG, indicating that TD could result in a loss of NA from storage vesicles or activate monoamine oxidase in axoplasma, which could be detected by markedly increased DOPEG release. These effects of TD may be associated with its property of calcium antagonist.展开更多
Sleep is essential for maintaining normal physiological processes. It has been broadly divided into rapid eye movement sleep(REMS) and non-REMS(NREMS); one spends the least amount of time in REMS. Sleep(both NREMS and...Sleep is essential for maintaining normal physiological processes. It has been broadly divided into rapid eye movement sleep(REMS) and non-REMS(NREMS); one spends the least amount of time in REMS. Sleep(both NREMS and REMS) disturbance is associated with most altered states, disorders and pathological conditions. It is affected by factors within the body as well as the environment, which ultimately modulate lifestyle.Noradrenaline(NA) is one of the key molecules whose level increases upon sleep-loss, REMS-loss in particular and it induces several REMS-loss associated effects and symptoms. The locus coeruleus(LC)-NAergic neurons are primarily responsible for providing NA throughout the brain. As those neurons project to and receive inputs from across the brain, they are modulated by lifestyle changes, which include changes within the body as well as in the environment. We have reviewed the literature showing how various inputs from outside and within the body integrate at the LC neuronal level to modulate sleep(NREMS and REMS) and vice versa. We propose that these changes modulate NA levels in the brain, which in turn is responsible for acute as well as chronic psychosomatic disorders and pathological conditions.展开更多
Objective： To explore the release of myocardial noradrenaline during acute hibernation. Methods： The hearts were gained from rats and set up as modified Langendorf preparations beating isometrically. They were perfu...Objective： To explore the release of myocardial noradrenaline during acute hibernation. Methods： The hearts were gained from rats and set up as modified Langendorf preparations beating isometrically. They were perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer under controlled pressure. Mechanical measurements and coronary effluent were recorded simultaneously at 30min intervals for 150min. Lactate dehydrogenase in coronary effluent was assayed at the beginning, 60min and 120min low-flow ischemia. Noradrenaline in coronary effluent was determined at the beginning of low-flow and 120min of low-flow ischemia and also in control, during hibernation and after 30min reperfusion during stimulation, myocardial noradrenaline response on tyramine was investigated in absence or presence of desipramine after 30min reperfusion. Results： In the control, there was nosignificant chant in noradrenaline overflow during 120min perfusion; In the acute myocardial hibernation group, there was also nosignificant difference in noradrenaline overflow between the beginning and 120min low-flow ischemia. The electrical field stimulation-induced overflow of noradrenaline during hibernation myocardium was significantly less than preischemia or after reperfusion, but there was nosignificant difference between preischemia and reperfusion group. Tyramine induced significant noradrenaline release in absence of desipramine after 30min reperfusion, but this increase in noradrenaline release had nosignificant in the presence of desipramine. These studies indicated that there was not significant spontaneous noadrenaline overflow during acute myocardial hibernation in isolated rat hearts, the stimulation-induced noradrenaline overflow decreased during hibernation and restored to the level of preischemia after reperfusion, myocardial noradrenaline response to tyramine remained after 30min reperfusion. Conclusion： Myocardial noradrenaline overflow may not contribute to the development of acute myocardial hibernation and the function of sympathetic nerve may also maintain in hibernation as myocardium does during acute myocardial hibernation, reperfusion of myocardium may contribute to restoring the function of sympathetic nerve.展开更多
An HPLC method for quantitative determination of adrenaline hydrochloride injection and noradrenaline bitartrate injection was established and validated with a substitute for the reference substance.Phenylephrine hydr...An HPLC method for quantitative determination of adrenaline hydrochloride injection and noradrenaline bitartrate injection was established and validated with a substitute for the reference substance.Phenylephrine hydrochloride was selected as the substitute for the reference substance of adrenaline and noradrenaline bitartrate.The correction factor of phenylephrine hydrochloride with respect to the reference substance of adrenaline and noradrenaline bitartrate was determined under defined conditions.Adrenaline hydrochloride injection and noradrenaline bitartrate injection were quantified by assaying phenylephrine hydrochloride and a correct factor.The results indicate that the HPLC method with the substitute for reference substance was reliable and feasible for quantitative determination of drugs.展开更多
Effects of serotonin(5-HT)and noradrenaline(NA)on neuronal activities of the sol-itary tract nucleus(NTS)were investigated in rat medullary slice preparations.After perfusingthe slice with 5-HT,the spontaneous dischar...Effects of serotonin(5-HT)and noradrenaline(NA)on neuronal activities of the sol-itary tract nucleus(NTS)were investigated in rat medullary slice preparations.After perfusingthe slice with 5-HT,the spontaneous discharge was significantly increased in 25(of 43,58.1%)NTS neurons,reduced in 13(30.2%)and not changed in 5(11.7%).After perfusingthe slice with NA,the spontaneous discharge was significantly reduced or even completelyceased in 27(62.8%)neurons,increased in 13(30.2%)and not changed in 3(7%).Therewere 38(88.4%)neurons responding to both 5-HT and NA.From the 38 neurons,21 wereselected for studying the effect of ketanserin.It was found that ketanserin potentiated the ef-fect of NA on spontaneous discharge in 10(47.6%)neurons and attenuated it in 4(19.0%)neurons.These results suggest that there is an interaction between 5-HT receptorand α-adrenoceptor at the NTS level.This interaction may be helpful in explaining themechanism of the central antihypertensive action of ketanserin.展开更多
Hemorrhage or hypotension induces extensive Foslike immunoreactivity in the magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in rat, especially in the vasopressin neurons. The present s...Hemorrhage or hypotension induces extensive Foslike immunoreactivity in the magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in rat, especially in the vasopressin neurons. The present study was to explore the neurotransmitter mediating this effect. Microinfusion of the alpha-adrenergic blocker into the supraoptic nucleus reduced the hypotension-induced Fos, whereas beta-antagonist did not affect it significantly. Alpha1- and alpha2-antagonist, prazosin and yohimbine,both reduced the Fos-positive cell counts. However, the effective dosage of yohimbine was much larger. Alpha1-agonist, methoxamine, induced abundant Fos-like immnnoreactivity in the vasopressin cells in this nucleus,while beta-and alpha2-agonist did not elicit such effect.Administration of the noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitor,desipramine, to this nucleus to locally accumulate the spontaneously released noradrenaline from the nerve terminals also induced Fos expression, mostly in the vasopressin cells.展开更多
Background: Spinal anesthesia (SA) is a preferred anesthetic technique for childbirth through caesarean section. It causes a sympathetic block responsible for low blood pressure which can be prevented or treated with ...Background: Spinal anesthesia (SA) is a preferred anesthetic technique for childbirth through caesarean section. It causes a sympathetic block responsible for low blood pressure which can be prevented or treated with vasopressors. Aim: This research aims to compare the effect of Noradrenaline with that of Ephedrine in the management of arterial hypotension caused by SA during Caesarean act. Study method: It was a cross-sectional study with two comparative settings which took place at the Teaching hospital of Parakou from April 15<sup>th</sup> to August 15<sup>th</sup> 2020. It included all parturients who underwent a caesarian act and received spinal anesthesia. To prevent hypotension two groups were formed. The first group parturient received Noradrenaline (10 γ) as prophylactic and the second group received Ephedrine (10 mg) before anesthesia. The main evaluation criteria were the time before the hypotension occurs and, the secondary endpoint was the number of hypotension episode. The two groups were compared using the usual statistical tests. The study received the approval of the Local Ethical committee of University of Parakou. Results: Two hundred and four parturients were compiled with 102 in each group. The mean age was 28.37 ± 6.15 years with extremes of 16 and 45 years. The main indications for Caesarean section were respectively iterative Caesarean section (46.57%) for scheduled Caesarean section and acute fetal distress (15.69%) for emergency Caesarean section. The incidence of hypotension was 38.24%. The mean delay of occurrence of hypotension was significantly longer in adrenaline group (19.90 min) than ephedrine group (12.53 min) with P = 0.001. According to the secondary endpoint the number of episodes of hypotension, number of tachycardia, and the total doses of each vasopressor were significantly lower in adrenaline group than in the ephedrine group. Conclusion: The use of Noradrenaline according to the established protocol demonstrated its efficiency compared with Ephedrine in the management of hypotension after spinal anesthesia.展开更多
目的研究去甲肾上腺素联合重症超声(critical care ultrasound,CCUS)指导下液体复苏在老年脓毒性休克患者中的治疗效果及对血流动力学、预后的影响。方法非随机选取四川省自贡市第四人民医院于2022年5月—2023年8月收治的90例脓毒性休...目的研究去甲肾上腺素联合重症超声(critical care ultrasound,CCUS)指导下液体复苏在老年脓毒性休克患者中的治疗效果及对血流动力学、预后的影响。方法非随机选取四川省自贡市第四人民医院于2022年5月—2023年8月收治的90例脓毒性休克老年患者为研究对象。根据治疗方法不同分为对照组与研究组,各45例。对照组在去甲肾上腺素治疗基础上给予早期目标导向治疗(early goal-directed therapy,EGDT),研究组在去甲肾上腺素治疗基础上给予CCUS指导下液体复苏治疗。对比两组临床疗效、血流动力学指标及预后情况。结果研究组治疗总有效率为95.56%(43/45),高于对照组的71.11%(32/45),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.680,P<0.05)。研究组平均动脉压及中心动脉压均高于对照组,心率、序贯器官衰竭估计评分与急性生理与慢性健康评分低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论在脓毒性休克老年患者的治疗中应用CCUS指导下液体复苏治疗,相较于应用目标导向治疗有更好的临床疗效,能够改善患者血流动力学及预后。展开更多
A simple, rapid and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） technique coupled with chemiluminescence （CL） detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of epinephrine （E）, noradrenal...A simple, rapid and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） technique coupled with chemiluminescence （CL） detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of epinephrine （E）, noradrenaline （NA） and dopamine （DA）. It was based on the analyte enhancement effect on the CL reaction between luminol and potassium ferricyanide. The effects of various parameters, such as potassium ferricyanide concentration, luminol concentration, pH value and component of the mobile phase on chromatographic behaviors of the analytes （E, NA and DA） were investigated. The separation was carded out on C18 column using the mobile phase of 0.01 mol/L potassium hydrogen phthalate solution and methanol （92 ： 8, V/V）. Under the optimum condi- tions, E, NA and DA showed good linear relationships in the range of 1 × 10^-8 -5 × 10^-6, 5.0× 10^-9 -1.0× 10^-6 and 5.0×10^-9-1.0× 10^-6 g]mL respectively. The detection limits for E, NA and DA were 4.0×10^-9, 1.0× 10^-9 and 8.0 × 10^-10 g/mL. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of E, NA and DA in human serum samples.展开更多
文摘Chronic stress-induced depression is a common hallmark of many psychiatric disorders with high morbidity rate.Stress-induced dysregulation of noradrenergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression.Lack of monoamine in the brain has been believed to be the main causative factor behind pathophysiology of major depressive disorder（MDD） and several antidepressants functions by increasing the monoamine level at the synapses in the brain.However,it is undetermined whether the noradrenergic receptor stimulation is critical for the therapeutic effect of antidepressant.Contrary to noradrenergic receptor stimulation,it has been suggested that the desensitization of β-adrenoceptor is involved in the therapeutic effect of antidepressant.In addition,enhanced noradrenaline（NA） release is central response to stress and thought to be a risk factor for the development of MDD.Moreover,fast acting antidepressant suppresses the hyperactivation of noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus（LC）.However,it is unclear how they alter the firing activity of LC neurons.These inconsistent reports about antidepressant effect of NA-reuptake inhibitors（NRIs） and enhanced release of NA as a stress response complicate our understanding about the pathophysiology of MDD.In this review,we will discuss the role of NA in pathophysiology of stress and the mechanism of therapeutic effect of NA in MDD.We will also discuss the possible contributions of each subtype of noradrenergic receptors on LC neurons,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis（HPA-axis） and brain derived neurotrophic factor-induced hippocampal neurogenesis during stress and therapeutic effect of NRIs in MDD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81071006)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.Z2007C15)
文摘Objective To determine whether activation and/or inhibition of α-adrenoreceptors influences substance P （SP） release from dorsal root ganglion （DRG） primary sensory neurons in vitro. Methods DRGs were dissected from 15-day embryonic Wistar rats. DRG neurons were dissociated and cultured for 2 d and then exposed to noradrenaline （NA） alone （1×10-4 mol/L）, or along with the α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin （1×10-6 mol/L） or the α2-adrenoreceptor antago- nist yohimbine （1×10-5 mol/L） for 4 d. Then, RT-PCR was used to determine the levels of preprotachykinin （PPT） mRNA encoding for SP and Western blot to assess the protein levels of SP. Basal and capsaicin （CAP）-evoked SP release were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results CAP-evoked SP release was sensitized by NA and this effect was inhibited by pre-incubation with prazosin but not with yohimbine. The levels of PPT mRNA, SP peptide, and basal SP release did not change significantly in any of the experimental conditions. Conclusion NA may significantly increase CAP-evoked SP release through activation of α-adrenoreceptors, which may contribute to noradrenergic pain modulation.
基金Supported by the National Clinical Key Subject of China,No. 41732113
文摘BACKGROUND Hemobilia occurs when there is a fistula between hepatic blood vessels and biliary radicles,and represents only a minority of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhages.Causes of hemobilia are varied,but liver abscess rarely causes hemobilia and only a few cases have been reported.Here,we present a case of atypical hemobilia caused by liver abscess that was successfully managed by endoscopic hepatobiliary intervention through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man presented to our emergency department with a history of right upper quadrant abdominal colic and repeated fever for 6 d.Abdominal sonography and enhanced computed tomography revealed that there was an abscess in the right anterior lobe of the liver.During hospitalization,the patient developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a duodenal ulcer bleeding that was treated with three metal clamps.However,the hemodynamics was still unstable.Hence,upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed again and fresh blood was seen flowing from the ampulla of Vater.Selective angiography did not show any abnormality.An endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD)tube was inserted into the right anterior bile duct through ERCP,and subsequently cold saline containing(-)-noradrenaline was infused into the bile duct lumen through the ENBD tube with no episode of further bleeding.CONCLUSION Hemobilia should be considered in the development of liver abscess,and endoscopy is essential for diagnosis and management of some cases.
文摘The effects of tetrandine (TD) on endogenous cardiac noradrenaline (NA) release evoked by electrical stimulation were investigated in perfused guinea pig hearts. The overflow of cardiac NA and its intraneuronal metabolite 3 ,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DOPEG) were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the presence of TD,the release of NA evoked by either nerve ganglion-stimulation or cardiac field-stimulation was significantly reduced (P<0. 01). The overflow of DOPEG was markedly enhanced (P<0. 01).TD inhibited cardiac endogenous NA release resulting from activation of the sympathetic nerve terminals within the myocardium, and increased the release of DOPEG, indicating that TD could result in a loss of NA from storage vesicles or activate monoamine oxidase in axoplasma, which could be detected by markedly increased DOPEG release. These effects of TD may be associated with its property of calcium antagonist.
基金Rachna Mehta received DST-WOSA fellowshipAbhishek Singh received UGC senior research fellowship+5 种基金Research funding to BNM through Institutional support under BUILDER (DBT)PURSE (DST)FIST (DST)UPE, Networking and SAP-DRS (UGC)grants to BNM from UGC, DBT, DSTJ C Bose fellowship are acknowledged
文摘Sleep is essential for maintaining normal physiological processes. It has been broadly divided into rapid eye movement sleep(REMS) and non-REMS(NREMS); one spends the least amount of time in REMS. Sleep(both NREMS and REMS) disturbance is associated with most altered states, disorders and pathological conditions. It is affected by factors within the body as well as the environment, which ultimately modulate lifestyle.Noradrenaline(NA) is one of the key molecules whose level increases upon sleep-loss, REMS-loss in particular and it induces several REMS-loss associated effects and symptoms. The locus coeruleus(LC)-NAergic neurons are primarily responsible for providing NA throughout the brain. As those neurons project to and receive inputs from across the brain, they are modulated by lifestyle changes, which include changes within the body as well as in the environment. We have reviewed the literature showing how various inputs from outside and within the body integrate at the LC neuronal level to modulate sleep(NREMS and REMS) and vice versa. We propose that these changes modulate NA levels in the brain, which in turn is responsible for acute as well as chronic psychosomatic disorders and pathological conditions.
文摘Objective： To explore the release of myocardial noradrenaline during acute hibernation. Methods： The hearts were gained from rats and set up as modified Langendorf preparations beating isometrically. They were perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer under controlled pressure. Mechanical measurements and coronary effluent were recorded simultaneously at 30min intervals for 150min. Lactate dehydrogenase in coronary effluent was assayed at the beginning, 60min and 120min low-flow ischemia. Noradrenaline in coronary effluent was determined at the beginning of low-flow and 120min of low-flow ischemia and also in control, during hibernation and after 30min reperfusion during stimulation, myocardial noradrenaline response on tyramine was investigated in absence or presence of desipramine after 30min reperfusion. Results： In the control, there was nosignificant chant in noradrenaline overflow during 120min perfusion; In the acute myocardial hibernation group, there was also nosignificant difference in noradrenaline overflow between the beginning and 120min low-flow ischemia. The electrical field stimulation-induced overflow of noradrenaline during hibernation myocardium was significantly less than preischemia or after reperfusion, but there was nosignificant difference between preischemia and reperfusion group. Tyramine induced significant noradrenaline release in absence of desipramine after 30min reperfusion, but this increase in noradrenaline release had nosignificant in the presence of desipramine. These studies indicated that there was not significant spontaneous noadrenaline overflow during acute myocardial hibernation in isolated rat hearts, the stimulation-induced noradrenaline overflow decreased during hibernation and restored to the level of preischemia after reperfusion, myocardial noradrenaline response to tyramine remained after 30min reperfusion. Conclusion： Myocardial noradrenaline overflow may not contribute to the development of acute myocardial hibernation and the function of sympathetic nerve may also maintain in hibernation as myocardium does during acute myocardial hibernation, reperfusion of myocardium may contribute to restoring the function of sympathetic nerve.
文摘An HPLC method for quantitative determination of adrenaline hydrochloride injection and noradrenaline bitartrate injection was established and validated with a substitute for the reference substance.Phenylephrine hydrochloride was selected as the substitute for the reference substance of adrenaline and noradrenaline bitartrate.The correction factor of phenylephrine hydrochloride with respect to the reference substance of adrenaline and noradrenaline bitartrate was determined under defined conditions.Adrenaline hydrochloride injection and noradrenaline bitartrate injection were quantified by assaying phenylephrine hydrochloride and a correct factor.The results indicate that the HPLC method with the substitute for reference substance was reliable and feasible for quantitative determination of drugs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China N 3880743
文摘Effects of serotonin(5-HT)and noradrenaline(NA)on neuronal activities of the sol-itary tract nucleus(NTS)were investigated in rat medullary slice preparations.After perfusingthe slice with 5-HT,the spontaneous discharge was significantly increased in 25(of 43,58.1%)NTS neurons,reduced in 13(30.2%)and not changed in 5(11.7%).After perfusingthe slice with NA,the spontaneous discharge was significantly reduced or even completelyceased in 27(62.8%)neurons,increased in 13(30.2%)and not changed in 3(7%).Therewere 38(88.4%)neurons responding to both 5-HT and NA.From the 38 neurons,21 wereselected for studying the effect of ketanserin.It was found that ketanserin potentiated the ef-fect of NA on spontaneous discharge in 10(47.6%)neurons and attenuated it in 4(19.0%)neurons.These results suggest that there is an interaction between 5-HT receptorand α-adrenoceptor at the NTS level.This interaction may be helpful in explaining themechanism of the central antihypertensive action of ketanserin.
文摘Hemorrhage or hypotension induces extensive Foslike immunoreactivity in the magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in rat, especially in the vasopressin neurons. The present study was to explore the neurotransmitter mediating this effect. Microinfusion of the alpha-adrenergic blocker into the supraoptic nucleus reduced the hypotension-induced Fos, whereas beta-antagonist did not affect it significantly. Alpha1- and alpha2-antagonist, prazosin and yohimbine,both reduced the Fos-positive cell counts. However, the effective dosage of yohimbine was much larger. Alpha1-agonist, methoxamine, induced abundant Fos-like immnnoreactivity in the vasopressin cells in this nucleus,while beta-and alpha2-agonist did not elicit such effect.Administration of the noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitor,desipramine, to this nucleus to locally accumulate the spontaneously released noradrenaline from the nerve terminals also induced Fos expression, mostly in the vasopressin cells.
文摘Background: Spinal anesthesia (SA) is a preferred anesthetic technique for childbirth through caesarean section. It causes a sympathetic block responsible for low blood pressure which can be prevented or treated with vasopressors. Aim: This research aims to compare the effect of Noradrenaline with that of Ephedrine in the management of arterial hypotension caused by SA during Caesarean act. Study method: It was a cross-sectional study with two comparative settings which took place at the Teaching hospital of Parakou from April 15<sup>th</sup> to August 15<sup>th</sup> 2020. It included all parturients who underwent a caesarian act and received spinal anesthesia. To prevent hypotension two groups were formed. The first group parturient received Noradrenaline (10 γ) as prophylactic and the second group received Ephedrine (10 mg) before anesthesia. The main evaluation criteria were the time before the hypotension occurs and, the secondary endpoint was the number of hypotension episode. The two groups were compared using the usual statistical tests. The study received the approval of the Local Ethical committee of University of Parakou. Results: Two hundred and four parturients were compiled with 102 in each group. The mean age was 28.37 ± 6.15 years with extremes of 16 and 45 years. The main indications for Caesarean section were respectively iterative Caesarean section (46.57%) for scheduled Caesarean section and acute fetal distress (15.69%) for emergency Caesarean section. The incidence of hypotension was 38.24%. The mean delay of occurrence of hypotension was significantly longer in adrenaline group (19.90 min) than ephedrine group (12.53 min) with P = 0.001. According to the secondary endpoint the number of episodes of hypotension, number of tachycardia, and the total doses of each vasopressor were significantly lower in adrenaline group than in the ephedrine group. Conclusion: The use of Noradrenaline according to the established protocol demonstrated its efficiency compared with Ephedrine in the management of hypotension after spinal anesthesia.
文摘目的研究去甲肾上腺素联合重症超声(critical care ultrasound,CCUS)指导下液体复苏在老年脓毒性休克患者中的治疗效果及对血流动力学、预后的影响。方法非随机选取四川省自贡市第四人民医院于2022年5月—2023年8月收治的90例脓毒性休克老年患者为研究对象。根据治疗方法不同分为对照组与研究组,各45例。对照组在去甲肾上腺素治疗基础上给予早期目标导向治疗(early goal-directed therapy,EGDT),研究组在去甲肾上腺素治疗基础上给予CCUS指导下液体复苏治疗。对比两组临床疗效、血流动力学指标及预后情况。结果研究组治疗总有效率为95.56%(43/45),高于对照组的71.11%(32/45),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.680,P<0.05)。研究组平均动脉压及中心动脉压均高于对照组,心率、序贯器官衰竭估计评分与急性生理与慢性健康评分低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论在脓毒性休克老年患者的治疗中应用CCUS指导下液体复苏治疗,相较于应用目标导向治疗有更好的临床疗效,能够改善患者血流动力学及预后。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20175039）.
文摘A simple, rapid and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） technique coupled with chemiluminescence （CL） detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of epinephrine （E）, noradrenaline （NA） and dopamine （DA）. It was based on the analyte enhancement effect on the CL reaction between luminol and potassium ferricyanide. The effects of various parameters, such as potassium ferricyanide concentration, luminol concentration, pH value and component of the mobile phase on chromatographic behaviors of the analytes （E, NA and DA） were investigated. The separation was carded out on C18 column using the mobile phase of 0.01 mol/L potassium hydrogen phthalate solution and methanol （92 ： 8, V/V）. Under the optimum condi- tions, E, NA and DA showed good linear relationships in the range of 1 × 10^-8 -5 × 10^-6, 5.0× 10^-9 -1.0× 10^-6 and 5.0×10^-9-1.0× 10^-6 g]mL respectively. The detection limits for E, NA and DA were 4.0×10^-9, 1.0× 10^-9 and 8.0 × 10^-10 g/mL. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of E, NA and DA in human serum samples.
