Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltr...Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.展开更多
The separation between s- and p-polarization components invariably affects thin film edge filters used for tilted incidence and is a difficult problem for many applications, especially for optical communication. This ...The separation between s- and p-polarization components invariably affects thin film edge filters used for tilted incidence and is a difficult problem for many applications, especially for optical communication. This paper presents a novel design method to obtain edge filters with non-polarization at incidence angle of 45°. The polarization separation at 50% trans-mittance for a long-wave-pass filter and a short-wave-pass filter is 0.3 nm and 0.1 nm respectively. The design method is based on a broadband Fabry-Perot thin-film interference filter in which the higher or lower interference band at both sides of the main transmittance peak can be used for initial design of long-wave-pass filter or short-wave-pass filter and then can be refined to reduce the transmittance ripples. The spacer 2H2L2H or 2L2H2L of the filter is usually taken. Moreover, the method for expanding the bandwidth of rejection and transmission is explained. The bandwidth of 200 nm for both rejection region and transmission band is obtained at wavelength 1550 nm. In this way, the long-wave-pass and short-wave-pass edge filters with zero separation between two polarization components can easily be fabricated.展开更多
Non-polar a-plane （1120） GaN films have been grown on r-plane （1102） sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The influences of V/III ratio on the species diffusion anisotropy of a-plane Ga...Non-polar a-plane （1120） GaN films have been grown on r-plane （1102） sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The influences of V/III ratio on the species diffusion anisotropy of a-plane GaN films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence and high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements. The anisotropy of a-plane GaN films may result from the different migration length of adatoms along two in-plane directions. V/III ratio has an effect on the growth rates of different facets and crystal quality. The stripe feature morphology was obviously observed in the film with a high V/III ratio because of the slow growth rate along the [1100] direction. When the V/III ratio increased from 1000 to 6000, the in-plane crystal quality anisotropy was decreased due to the weakened predominance in migration length of gallium adatoms.展开更多
A theoretical study of polar and semi/non-polar InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes（LEDs） with different internal surface polarization charges, which can be grown on Si substrates, is conducted by using APSYS software. ...A theoretical study of polar and semi/non-polar InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes（LEDs） with different internal surface polarization charges, which can be grown on Si substrates, is conducted by using APSYS software. In comparison with polar structure LEDs, the semi-polar structure exhibits a higher concentration of electrons and holes and radiative recombination rate, and its reduced built-in polarization field weakens the extent of band bending which causes the shift of peak emission wavelength. So the efficiency droop of semi-polar InGaN/GaN LEDs declines obviously and the optical power is significantly improved. In comparison with non-polar structure LEDs, although the concentration of holes and electrons as well as the radiative recombination rate of the semi-polar structure are better in the last two quantum wells（QWs） approaching the p-Ga N side, the uniformity of distribution of carriers and radiative recombination rate for the nonpolar structure is better. So the theoretical analysis indicates that the removal of the internal polarization field in the MQWs active regions for non-polar structure LEDs contributes to the uniform distribution of electrons and holes, and decreases the electron leakage. Thus it enhances the radiative recombination rate, and further improves the IQEs and optical powers, and shows the best photoelectric properties among these three structures.展开更多
A broadband non-polarizing beam splitter （NPBS） operating in the telecommunication C＋L band is designed by using the guided mode resonance effect of periodic silicon-on-insulator （SOI） elements. It is shown that ...A broadband non-polarizing beam splitter （NPBS） operating in the telecommunication C＋L band is designed by using the guided mode resonance effect of periodic silicon-on-insulator （SOI） elements. It is shown that this double layer SOI structure can provide ~50/50 beam ratio with the maximum divergences between reflection and transmission being less than 8% over the spectrum of 1.4μm-l.7 μm and i% in the telecommunication band for both TE and TM polarizations. The physical basis of this broadband non-polarizing property is on the simultaneous excitation of the TE and TM strong modulation waveguide modes near the designed spectrum band. Meanwhile, the electric field distributions for both TE and TM polarizations verify the resonant origin of spectrum in the periodic SOI structure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated with our calculations that the beam splitter proposed here is tolerant to the deviations of incident angle and structure parameters, which make it very easy to be fabricated with current IC technology.展开更多
A non-polar organic dye, E, E-1, 4-bis[4＇-（N,N-dibutylamino）styryl]-2,5-dimethoxybenzene （DBASDMB）, has been synthesized and characterized, and its structure has been determined. Pumped with a 200fs pulse this dy...A non-polar organic dye, E, E-1, 4-bis[4＇-（N,N-dibutylamino）styryl]-2,5-dimethoxybenzene （DBASDMB）, has been synthesized and characterized, and its structure has been determined. Pumped with a 200fs pulse this dye showed the up-conversion laser properties. The influences of various organic solvents and different pumping wavelength on the laser properties have been demonstrated.展开更多
The density functional theory, simplified by the local density approximation and mean-field approxi-mation, is applied to study the surface properties of pure non-polar fluids. A reasonable long rang correction is ado...The density functional theory, simplified by the local density approximation and mean-field approxi-mation, is applied to study the surface properties of pure non-polar fluids. A reasonable long rang correction is adopted to avoid the truncation of the potential. The perturbation theory is applied to establish the equation for the phase equilibrium, in which the hard-core chain fluid is as the reference fluid and the Yukawa potential is used as the perturbation term. Three parameters, ε/κ, d and ms, are regressed frorn the vapor-liquid equilibria, and the surface properties, including density profile, surface tension and local surface tension profile are predicted with these parameters.展开更多
Non-polar capillary columns for GC/MS are widely utilized in the analysis of additives for food contact materials. Though various kinds of non-polar capillary columns are commercially available, the equality of their ...Non-polar capillary columns for GC/MS are widely utilized in the analysis of additives for food contact materials. Though various kinds of non-polar capillary columns are commercially available, the equality of their performance has not been verified. Herein, ninety-six additives for food contact plastics were analyzed using fifteen kinds of columns, and the peak separation, retention times, and peak areas of each additive were compared. The additives, with various chemical properties, comprised forty four plasticizers, twenty lubricants, twenty antioxidants, nine ultraviolet absorbers, and three other compounds. 10 μg.mL-1 test solutions were prepared in acetone, and injected to the GC/MS. The fifteen columns were classified into five categories based on the chromatogram pattern and peak separation. To facilitate comparison of the retention time and detection sensitivity of the columns for the additives, the relative retention time (RRT) and relative peak area (RPA) were calculated by using dibutylphthalate or 4-tert-butylphenylsalicylate as an internal standard. The RRTs of the additives on each column were essentially similar. However, the RRT of the additives which were detected in the later stages differed slightly. Although the RPA of the plasticizers and lubricants were roughly similar, column-to-column differences were observed for certain additives, such as antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers. Furthermore, certain fatty acids, antioxidants, two plasticizers, and two benzophenone type ultraviolet absorbers were not detected in the chromatograms of two columns.展开更多
Objective: to evaluate the protective effect of kombucha and its components not polar, in pancreas of diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin. Material and methods: ninety-six male Wistar rats of 120 to 170 g of PC ...Objective: to evaluate the protective effect of kombucha and its components not polar, in pancreas of diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin. Material and methods: ninety-six male Wistar rats of 120 to 170 g of PC were used;four groups of 24 animals were formed: control (GC), control treatment (GCTx), kombucha treatment (GTxK) and treatment with non-polar components of kombucha (GTxCNP). Diabetes was induced in the last three groups with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 65 mg/kg BW. At the same time, treatment was started in the different groups;GC and GCTx groups were administered, orally, 1 ml of sterile saline solution;to the GTxK group 324 mg/kg of kombucha;and to GTxCNP 0.006 mg/kg of the non-polar components. For the histopathological study, pancreas samples were obtained on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 and fixed in formalin. They were processed with the histological technique, 5-micron-thick sections were made and stained with the hematoxylin-eosin technique. Finally, the number of islets of Langerhans per field observed with the 10x objective was quantified. The results were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p Results: Significant changes in the number of islets were observed in histological sections of the pancreas. The groups treated with streptozotocin showed a significant decrease in the number of islets 7 days after starting treatment;Likewise, their number was lower in the GCTx group compared to the GTxK and GTxCNP groups (p ≤ 0.05). At 14 and 21 days, the lowest number of islets was maintained, although only in the GCTx and GTxK groups (p ≤ 0.05). Streptozotocin is a drug that can be used in rats to induce an experimental model of diabetes with an effect that can last up to 21 days. Conclusions: This fermented beverage and its non-polar components can be a complementary treatment alternative for diabetes mellitus, since it prevents further damage to the β cells of the pancreas and the Islets of Langerhans. Specific additional studies on the main, non-polar components of kombucha are suggested to know the mechanism of protection on pancreatic islets.展开更多
Effects of the growth temperature on morphological and microstructural evolution of a-plane GaN films grown on r-plane sapphires by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are investigated by atomic force microscopy a...Effects of the growth temperature on morphological and microstructural evolution of a-plane GaN films grown on r-plane sapphires by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are investigated by atomic force microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy （SIMS）. Surface morphology, structural quality and related impurity incorpora- tion are very sensitive to the growth temperature. A significant difference of yellow luminescence is observed and attributed to the incorporation of carbon into GaN films, which is confirmed by SIMS analysis. Our results show that the sample with triangular-pit morphology has sample with pentagon-like pit morphology, which is significantly higher concentrations of oxygen than the other induced by the existence of an N-face in triangular pits.展开更多
A new method, non-polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction （NPSMAE）, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from Zingiber officinale Rosc. in closed-vessel system. By adding microwave absorption mediumcar...A new method, non-polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction （NPSMAE）, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from Zingiber officinale Rosc. in closed-vessel system. By adding microwave absorption mediumcarbonyl iron powders （CIP） into extraction system, the essential oil was extracted by the non-polar solvent （ether） which can be heated by CIP. The constituents of essential oil obtained by NPSMAE were comparable with those obtained by hydrodistillation （HD） by GC-MS analysis, which indicates that NPSMAE is a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried plant materials. The NPSMAE took much less extraction time （5 min） than HD （180 min）, and its extraction efficiency was much higher than that of conventional polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction （PSMAE） and mixed solvent microwave-assisted extraction （MSMAE）. It can be a good alternative for the extraction of volatile constituents from dried plant samples.展开更多
In this paper,2×2 characteristic matrices of uniaxially anisotropic thin film for extraordinary and ordinary wave are deduced at oblique incidence.Furthermore,the reflectance and transmittance of thin films are c...In this paper,2×2 characteristic matrices of uniaxially anisotropic thin film for extraordinary and ordinary wave are deduced at oblique incidence.Furthermore,the reflectance and transmittance of thin films are calculated separately for two polarizations,which provide a new concept for designing non-polarizing thin films at oblique incidence.Besides,using the multilayer birefringent thin films,non-polarizing designs,such as beam splitter thin film at single wavelength,edge filter and antireflection thin film over visible spectral region are obtained at oblique incidence.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2230081973)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-4).
文摘Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.
基金Project (No. 60078001) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘The separation between s- and p-polarization components invariably affects thin film edge filters used for tilted incidence and is a difficult problem for many applications, especially for optical communication. This paper presents a novel design method to obtain edge filters with non-polarization at incidence angle of 45°. The polarization separation at 50% trans-mittance for a long-wave-pass filter and a short-wave-pass filter is 0.3 nm and 0.1 nm respectively. The design method is based on a broadband Fabry-Perot thin-film interference filter in which the higher or lower interference band at both sides of the main transmittance peak can be used for initial design of long-wave-pass filter or short-wave-pass filter and then can be refined to reduce the transmittance ripples. The spacer 2H2L2H or 2L2H2L of the filter is usually taken. Moreover, the method for expanding the bandwidth of rejection and transmission is explained. The bandwidth of 200 nm for both rejection region and transmission band is obtained at wavelength 1550 nm. In this way, the long-wave-pass and short-wave-pass edge filters with zero separation between two polarization components can easily be fabricated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60676032, 60577030 and 60476028)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB307004)the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (Grant No. 20060400018)
文摘Non-polar a-plane （1120） GaN films have been grown on r-plane （1102） sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The influences of V/III ratio on the species diffusion anisotropy of a-plane GaN films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence and high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements. The anisotropy of a-plane GaN films may result from the different migration length of adatoms along two in-plane directions. V/III ratio has an effect on the growth rates of different facets and crystal quality. The stripe feature morphology was obviously observed in the film with a high V/III ratio because of the slow growth rate along the [1100] direction. When the V/III ratio increased from 1000 to 6000, the in-plane crystal quality anisotropy was decreased due to the weakened predominance in migration length of gallium adatoms.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51172079)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China(Grant Nos.2010B090400456 and 2010A081002002)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(Grant No.2011J4300018)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities of China(Grant No.IRT13064)
文摘A theoretical study of polar and semi/non-polar InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes（LEDs） with different internal surface polarization charges, which can be grown on Si substrates, is conducted by using APSYS software. In comparison with polar structure LEDs, the semi-polar structure exhibits a higher concentration of electrons and holes and radiative recombination rate, and its reduced built-in polarization field weakens the extent of band bending which causes the shift of peak emission wavelength. So the efficiency droop of semi-polar InGaN/GaN LEDs declines obviously and the optical power is significantly improved. In comparison with non-polar structure LEDs, although the concentration of holes and electrons as well as the radiative recombination rate of the semi-polar structure are better in the last two quantum wells（QWs） approaching the p-Ga N side, the uniformity of distribution of carriers and radiative recombination rate for the nonpolar structure is better. So the theoretical analysis indicates that the removal of the internal polarization field in the MQWs active regions for non-polar structure LEDs contributes to the uniform distribution of electrons and holes, and decreases the electron leakage. Thus it enhances the radiative recombination rate, and further improves the IQEs and optical powers, and shows the best photoelectric properties among these three structures.
基金supported by the Youth Science Research Foundation of China University of Mining and Technology (Grant No. 2009A058)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (Grant No. 10ZR1433500)
文摘A broadband non-polarizing beam splitter （NPBS） operating in the telecommunication C＋L band is designed by using the guided mode resonance effect of periodic silicon-on-insulator （SOI） elements. It is shown that this double layer SOI structure can provide ~50/50 beam ratio with the maximum divergences between reflection and transmission being less than 8% over the spectrum of 1.4μm-l.7 μm and i% in the telecommunication band for both TE and TM polarizations. The physical basis of this broadband non-polarizing property is on the simultaneous excitation of the TE and TM strong modulation waveguide modes near the designed spectrum band. Meanwhile, the electric field distributions for both TE and TM polarizations verify the resonant origin of spectrum in the periodic SOI structure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated with our calculations that the beam splitter proposed here is tolerant to the deviations of incident angle and structure parameters, which make it very easy to be fabricated with current IC technology.
基金the State Key Program of China,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50173015)NSFC/RGC(50218001)+1 种基金the Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of EducationChina Postdoctoral Foundation.
文摘A non-polar organic dye, E, E-1, 4-bis[4＇-（N,N-dibutylamino）styryl]-2,5-dimethoxybenzene （DBASDMB）, has been synthesized and characterized, and its structure has been determined. Pumped with a 200fs pulse this dye showed the up-conversion laser properties. The influences of various organic solvents and different pumping wavelength on the laser properties have been demonstrated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20102007) and the Fundamental Research Fund of Tsinghua University of China (No. JZ2002003).
文摘The density functional theory, simplified by the local density approximation and mean-field approxi-mation, is applied to study the surface properties of pure non-polar fluids. A reasonable long rang correction is adopted to avoid the truncation of the potential. The perturbation theory is applied to establish the equation for the phase equilibrium, in which the hard-core chain fluid is as the reference fluid and the Yukawa potential is used as the perturbation term. Three parameters, ε/κ, d and ms, are regressed frorn the vapor-liquid equilibria, and the surface properties, including density profile, surface tension and local surface tension profile are predicted with these parameters.
文摘Non-polar capillary columns for GC/MS are widely utilized in the analysis of additives for food contact materials. Though various kinds of non-polar capillary columns are commercially available, the equality of their performance has not been verified. Herein, ninety-six additives for food contact plastics were analyzed using fifteen kinds of columns, and the peak separation, retention times, and peak areas of each additive were compared. The additives, with various chemical properties, comprised forty four plasticizers, twenty lubricants, twenty antioxidants, nine ultraviolet absorbers, and three other compounds. 10 μg.mL-1 test solutions were prepared in acetone, and injected to the GC/MS. The fifteen columns were classified into five categories based on the chromatogram pattern and peak separation. To facilitate comparison of the retention time and detection sensitivity of the columns for the additives, the relative retention time (RRT) and relative peak area (RPA) were calculated by using dibutylphthalate or 4-tert-butylphenylsalicylate as an internal standard. The RRTs of the additives on each column were essentially similar. However, the RRT of the additives which were detected in the later stages differed slightly. Although the RPA of the plasticizers and lubricants were roughly similar, column-to-column differences were observed for certain additives, such as antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers. Furthermore, certain fatty acids, antioxidants, two plasticizers, and two benzophenone type ultraviolet absorbers were not detected in the chromatograms of two columns.
文摘Objective: to evaluate the protective effect of kombucha and its components not polar, in pancreas of diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin. Material and methods: ninety-six male Wistar rats of 120 to 170 g of PC were used;four groups of 24 animals were formed: control (GC), control treatment (GCTx), kombucha treatment (GTxK) and treatment with non-polar components of kombucha (GTxCNP). Diabetes was induced in the last three groups with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 65 mg/kg BW. At the same time, treatment was started in the different groups;GC and GCTx groups were administered, orally, 1 ml of sterile saline solution;to the GTxK group 324 mg/kg of kombucha;and to GTxCNP 0.006 mg/kg of the non-polar components. For the histopathological study, pancreas samples were obtained on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 and fixed in formalin. They were processed with the histological technique, 5-micron-thick sections were made and stained with the hematoxylin-eosin technique. Finally, the number of islets of Langerhans per field observed with the 10x objective was quantified. The results were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p Results: Significant changes in the number of islets were observed in histological sections of the pancreas. The groups treated with streptozotocin showed a significant decrease in the number of islets 7 days after starting treatment;Likewise, their number was lower in the GCTx group compared to the GTxK and GTxCNP groups (p ≤ 0.05). At 14 and 21 days, the lowest number of islets was maintained, although only in the GCTx and GTxK groups (p ≤ 0.05). Streptozotocin is a drug that can be used in rats to induce an experimental model of diabetes with an effect that can last up to 21 days. Conclusions: This fermented beverage and its non-polar components can be a complementary treatment alternative for diabetes mellitus, since it prevents further damage to the β cells of the pancreas and the Islets of Langerhans. Specific additional studies on the main, non-polar components of kombucha are suggested to know the mechanism of protection on pancreatic islets.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61204006the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No K50511250002
文摘Effects of the growth temperature on morphological and microstructural evolution of a-plane GaN films grown on r-plane sapphires by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are investigated by atomic force microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy （SIMS）. Surface morphology, structural quality and related impurity incorpora- tion are very sensitive to the growth temperature. A significant difference of yellow luminescence is observed and attributed to the incorporation of carbon into GaN films, which is confirmed by SIMS analysis. Our results show that the sample with triangular-pit morphology has sample with pentagon-like pit morphology, which is significantly higher concentrations of oxygen than the other induced by the existence of an N-face in triangular pits.
文摘A new method, non-polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction （NPSMAE）, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from Zingiber officinale Rosc. in closed-vessel system. By adding microwave absorption mediumcarbonyl iron powders （CIP） into extraction system, the essential oil was extracted by the non-polar solvent （ether） which can be heated by CIP. The constituents of essential oil obtained by NPSMAE were comparable with those obtained by hydrodistillation （HD） by GC-MS analysis, which indicates that NPSMAE is a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried plant materials. The NPSMAE took much less extraction time （5 min） than HD （180 min）, and its extraction efficiency was much higher than that of conventional polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction （PSMAE） and mixed solvent microwave-assisted extraction （MSMAE）. It can be a good alternative for the extraction of volatile constituents from dried plant samples.
文摘In this paper,2×2 characteristic matrices of uniaxially anisotropic thin film for extraordinary and ordinary wave are deduced at oblique incidence.Furthermore,the reflectance and transmittance of thin films are calculated separately for two polarizations,which provide a new concept for designing non-polarizing thin films at oblique incidence.Besides,using the multilayer birefringent thin films,non-polarizing designs,such as beam splitter thin film at single wavelength,edge filter and antireflection thin film over visible spectral region are obtained at oblique incidence.
