Detection of target analytes at low concentrations is significant in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,healthcare,and environmental protection.Theophylline(TP),a natural alkaloid used as a bronchodilator to tre...Detection of target analytes at low concentrations is significant in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,healthcare,and environmental protection.Theophylline(TP),a natural alkaloid used as a bronchodilator to treat respiratory disorders such as asthma,bronchitis,and emphysema,has a narrow therapeutic window with a safe plasma concentration ranging from 55.5-111.0μmol·L^(-1)in adults.Accurate monitoring of TP levels is essential because too low or too high can cause se-rious side effects.In this regard,non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors offer a practical solution with rapidity,portability,and high sensitivity.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent developments of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for TP detection,highlighting the basic principles,electro-oxidation mechanisms,catalytic effects,and the role of modifying materials on electrode performance.Carbon-based electrodes such as glassy carbon electrodes(GCEs),carbon paste electrodes(CPEs),and carbon screen-printed electrodes(SPCEs)have become the primary choices for non-enzymatic sensors due to their chemical stability,low cost,and flexibility in modification.This article identifies the sig-nificant contribution of various modifying materials,including nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),graphene,metal oxides,and multi-element nanocomposites.These modifications enhance sensors’electron transfer,sensitivity,and selectivity in detecting TP at low concentrations in complex media such as blood plasma and pharmaceutical samples.The electro-oxidation mechanism of TP is also discussed in depth,emphasizing the hydroxyl and carbonyl reaction pathways strongly influenced by pH and electrode materials.These mechanisms guide the selection of the appropriate electrode ma-terial for a particular application.The main contribution of this article is to identify superior modifying materials that can improve the performance of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.In a recent study,the combination of multi-element nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),CNTs,and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)resulted in the lowest detection limit of 3×10^(-5)μmol·L^(-1),reflecting the great potential of these materials for developing high-performance electrochemical sensors.The main conclusion of this article is the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in electrode material design to support the sensitivity and selectivity of TP detection.In addition,there is still a research gap in understanding TP’s more detailed oxidation mechanism,especially under pH variations and complex environments.Therefore,further research on electrode modification and analysis of the TP oxidation mechanism are urgently needed to improve the accuracy and sta-bility of the sensor while expanding its applications in pharmaceutical monitoring and medical diagnostics.By integrating various innovative materials and technical approaches,this review is expected to be an essential reference for developing efficient and affordable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.展开更多
Effect of ellagitannins gut microbiota metabolites ellagic acid(EA)and urolithin A-urolithin D(UroA-UroD)on human serum albumin(HSA)glycation were firstly evaluated in this research.The inhibition mechanisms were inve...Effect of ellagitannins gut microbiota metabolites ellagic acid(EA)and urolithin A-urolithin D(UroA-UroD)on human serum albumin(HSA)glycation were firstly evaluated in this research.The inhibition mechanisms were investigated by methylglyoxal(MGO)trapping and radical scavenging ability assays,docking studies and nano LC-orbitrap-MS/MS technology.Results indicated that the inhibition of urolithins on HSA glycation was highly positive correlated with the number of phenolic hydroxy groups.Addition of UroD and EA could effectively enhance the content of free amino group,suppress dicarbonyl compounds and advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)formation,alleviated tryptophan and protein oxidation,inhibited HSA amyloid-like aggregation.They could also trap MGO and scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical(DPPH·)and2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid free radical(ABTS^(+)·).Molecular docking indicated that EA and UroA-UroD interact with HSA mainly through hydrogen bound and hydrophobic interaction,among which 2 or 3 hydrogen bonds were formed.The number of glycation sites were reduced from 11 to10,10,7,and 10,respectively,when 90μmol/L of EA,UroA,UroC and UroD were added.However,weak inhibition was observed on UroA and UroB.These findings can provide scientific evidence for the application of ellagitannins-rich foods in alleviating diabetic complications.展开更多
In the field of glucose sensors,the development of inexpensive and high-efficiency electrochemical glucose sensors is the current research hotspot.In this paper,CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)composite with a prickly-sphere-like morp...In the field of glucose sensors,the development of inexpensive and high-efficiency electrochemical glucose sensors is the current research hotspot.In this paper,CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)composite with a prickly-sphere-like morphology is prepared by the facile hydrothermal method for the non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spec-troscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to analyze the structure,composition,and morphology of the material.In addition,the electrochemical catalytic perfor-mance of CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)to glucose is obtained by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.The excellent elec-trochemical sensing performance may be attributed to the large number of catalytic sites in the prickly-sphere-like composite and the synergistic effect of Cu and Co.Under an applied voltage of 0.55 V,CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)composite shows sensitivity to glucose(1503.45μA·(mmol·L^(-1))^(-1)-cm^(-2)),a low detection limit(21.95μmol·L^(-1)),excellent selectivity,a high level of reproducibility,and good sta-bility.This indicates that the CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)composite has a broad prospect of non-enzymatic glucose sensing application.展开更多
Bimetal catalysts are good alternatives for nonenzymatic glucose sensors owing to their low cost, high activity, good conductivity, and ease of fabrication. In the present study, a self-supported CuNi/C electrode prep...Bimetal catalysts are good alternatives for nonenzymatic glucose sensors owing to their low cost, high activity, good conductivity, and ease of fabrication. In the present study, a self-supported CuNi/C electrode prepared by electrodepositing Cu nanoparticles on a Ni-based metal–organic framework(MOF) derivate was used as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The porous construction and carbon scaffold inherited from the Ni-MOF guarantee good kinetics of the electrode process in electrochemical glucose detection. Furthermore, Cu nanoparticles disturb the array structure of MOF derived films and evidently enhance their electrochemical performances in glucose detection. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the CuNi/C electrode possesses a high sensitivity of17.12 mA mM^(-1) cm^(-2), a low detection limit of 66.67 nM,and a wider linearity range from 0.20 to 2.72 mM. Additionally, the electrode exhibits good reusability, reproducibility, and stability, thereby catering to the practical use of glucose sensors. Similar values of glucose concentrations in human blood serum samples are detected with our electrode and with the method involving glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; the results further demonstrate the practical feasibility of our electrode.展开更多
Nanocomposite of Co3O4 and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MCNT) was synthesised using one step solvothermal method, and an electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor (Co3O4-MCNT/GCE) was successfully constructed by a ...Nanocomposite of Co3O4 and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MCNT) was synthesised using one step solvothermal method, and an electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor (Co3O4-MCNT/GCE) was successfully constructed by a dropping method. The obtained Co3O4 and Co3O4- MCNT were characterized and investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Quantitative analysis of glucose was performed using the amperometric (i–t) method, and plot of current difference versus concentration of glucose was linear in the range of 1.0–122μmol/L, with a linear correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.9983 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.28μmol/L. Sensitivity of this sensor was evaluated as 2550μA L mmol^-1 cm^-2. This new sensor produced satisfactory reproducibility and stability and was applied to monitor trace amounts of glucose in human serum samples.展开更多
A series of non-enzymatic graphene functionalized biosensors was developed via deposition precipitation method for lactic acid(LA) detection,which we re characterized by transmission electron micro scopy(TEM),Raman sp...A series of non-enzymatic graphene functionalized biosensors was developed via deposition precipitation method for lactic acid(LA) detection,which we re characterized by transmission electron micro scopy(TEM),Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography-mass spectro metry,and proton nuclear magnetic re sonance(~1H NMR).The electrochemical performances of the non-enzymatic biosensors were measured by means of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and cyclic voltammetry(CV) method.The comprehensive analysis of structures shows that Pt,CeO_(2),and GO components interact with each other.During the storing and releasing oxygen,the valence ratio of Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+) and the number of oxygen vacancies in CeO_(2) change accordingly,which can be conducive to increasing electronic transmission capacity and finally leads to the improvement of electrocatalytic performance.Among them,the Pt/CeO_(2)/GO biosensor containing 0.47 at% platinum exhibits an excellent electrochemical detection performance with high sensitivity of 12.3 μA·L/(mmol·cm^(2)) and a low limit of detection(LOD) of 5.12 μmol/L in a wide linear range from 10 to 900 μmol/L.In addition,the proposed biosensor possesses a promising anti-interference capability,as well as high stability and good reproducibility,which was assessed by testing the cyclic voltammogram in 0.1 mol/L lactic acid one year later.The underlying mechanism was proposed for electrochemical oxidation of LA to carbon dioxide and acetic acid with the synergistic effect among Pt,CeO_(2),and GO.Furthermore,the results of the standard addition method in real samples(human serum and urine samples) reveal that the lactic acid detection of the non-enzymatic Pt/CeO_(2)/GO biosensor is accompanied by high reliability.Thus,it will be a valuable biosensor for in vitro detection of lactic acid level in clinical samples.展开更多
The response of enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidants of Mn hyperaccumuator, Polygonum hydropiper （P. hydropiper）, to Mn stress was studied using hydroponics culture experiments to explore the mechanism of Mn tolera...The response of enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidants of Mn hyperaccumuator, Polygonum hydropiper （P. hydropiper）, to Mn stress was studied using hydroponics culture experiments to explore the mechanism of Mn tolerance in this species. Results showed that both chlorophyll and carotenoid contents significantly （p〈0.05） decreased with increasing Mn treatment levels （0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L） in hydroponics. The concentrations of malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydrogen peroxide （H202） in the root and shoot of P hydropiper were accumulated under Mn stress. Meanwhile, the anti-oxidative functions of several important enzymes, including superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and peroxidase （POD） in plants were stimulated by Mn spike in leaves and roots, especially at low Mn stress; while sulfhydryl group （--SH） and glutathion （GSH） were likely involved in Mn detoxification ofP. hydropiper under high Mn stress.展开更多
Unsymmetrical bisacridines(UAs) are a novel potent class of antitumor-active therapeutics.A significant route of phase II drug metabolism is conjugation with glutathione(GSH),which can be non-enzymatic and/or catalyze...Unsymmetrical bisacridines(UAs) are a novel potent class of antitumor-active therapeutics.A significant route of phase II drug metabolism is conjugation with glutathione(GSH),which can be non-enzymatic and/or catalyzed by GSH-dependent enzymes.The aim of this work was to investigate the GSHmediated metabolic pathway of a representative UA,C-2028.GSH-supplemented incubations of C-2028 with rat,but not with human,liver cytosol led to the formation of a single GSH-related metabolite.Interestingly,it was also revealed with rat liver microsomes.Its formation was NADPH-independent and was not inhibited by co-incubation with the cytochrome P450(CYP450) inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole.Therefore,the direct conjugation pathway occurred without the prior CYP450-catalyzed bioactivation of the substrate.In turn,incubations of C-2028 and GSH with human recombinant glutathione S-transferase(GST) P1-1 or with heat-/ethacrynic acid-inactivated liver cytosolic enzymes resulted in the presence or lack of GSH conjugated form,respectively.These findings proved the necessary participation of GST in the initial activation of the GSH thiol group to enable a nucleophilic attack on the substrate molecule.Another C-2028-GSH S-conjugate was also formed during non-enzymatic reaction.Both GSH S-conjugates were characterized by combined liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.Mechanisms for their formation were proposed.The ability of C-2028 to GST-mediated and/or direct GSH conjugation is suspected to be clinically important.This may affect the patient’s drug clearance due to GST activity,loss of GSH,or the interactions with GSH-conjugated drugs.Moreover,GST-mediated depletion of cellular GSH may increase tumor cell exposure to reactive products of UA metabolic transformations.展开更多
Cu nanoclusters were electrochemically deposited on the film of a Nafion-solubilized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (CNTs-GCE), which fabricated a Cu-CNTs composite sensor (Cu-CNTs...Cu nanoclusters were electrochemically deposited on the film of a Nafion-solubilized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (CNTs-GCE), which fabricated a Cu-CNTs composite sensor (Cu-CNTs-GCE) to detect glucose with non-enzyme. The linear range is 7.0 × 10?7 to 3.5 × 10?3 mol/L with a high sensitivity of 17.76 μA/(mmol L), with a low detection limit 2.1 × 10?7 mol/L, fast response time (within 5 s), good reproducibility and stability.展开更多
The preparation of highly sensitive and stable non-enzymatic glucose sensors is critical to the prevention and treatment of diabetes.Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH is prepared through a spontaneous galvanic displacement rea...The preparation of highly sensitive and stable non-enzymatic glucose sensors is critical to the prevention and treatment of diabetes.Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH is prepared through a spontaneous galvanic displacement reaction.A series of structural characterizations testify the successful formation of Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co FeLDH electrocatalyst,with the Au intercalating between Fe_(3)O_(4)and LDH to form the sandwich structure.Cyclic voltammetry tests indicate that Au is responsible for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose.The characterizations of the electrochemical sensor for glucose detection indicate that Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co FeLDH possesses high sensitivity of 6342μA m M^(-1)cm^(-2),with an extremely low oxidation potential of 0.82 V vs.RHE.Even with the high glucose concentration of 15 m M,the sensitivity remains at 4359μA m M^(-1)cm^(-2).Due to the broad linear detection range(0.0375 to 15.64 m M)and the low limit of detection(12.7μM),Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH is applicable towards practical application.Thanks to the sandwich structure,which confines the Au in between Fe_(3)O_(4)and Co Fe-LDH,the Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH glucose sensor shows high long-term stability and satisfactory selectivity.The successful synthesis of the sandwichstructured Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH provides a new conception for the design of highly sensitive and stable non-enzymatic glucose electrodes.展开更多
A novel electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on three-dimensional Au/MXene nanocomposites was developed.MXenes were prepared using the mild etched method,and the porous foam of Au nanoparticles was combi...A novel electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on three-dimensional Au/MXene nanocomposites was developed.MXenes were prepared using the mild etched method,and the porous foam of Au nanoparticles was combined with the MXene by means of in situ synthesis.By controlling the mass of MXene in the synthesis process,porous foam with Au nanoparticles was obtained.The three-dimensional foam structure of nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to study the electrochemical performance of the Au/MXene nanocomposites.The Au/MXene nanocomposites acted as a fast redox probe for nonenzymatic glucose oxidation and showed good performance,including a high sensitivity of 22.45μA·(mmol/L)^(-1)·cm^(-1)and a wide linear range of 1-12 mmol/L.Studies have shown that MXene as a catalyst-supported material is beneficial to enhance the conductivity of electrons and increase the loading rate of the catalyst materials.The foam structure with Au nanoparticles can provide a larger surface area,increase the contact area with the molecule in the catalytic reaction,and enhance the electrochemical reaction signal.In summary,this study shows that Au/MXene nanoparticles have the potential to be used in non-enzymatic glucose sensors.展开更多
Introduction: Non-enzymatic antioxidants are good scavengers of free radicals preventing their overproduction there by reducing the level of oxidative stress. This work was undertaken at Saint Peter TB specialized hos...Introduction: Non-enzymatic antioxidants are good scavengers of free radicals preventing their overproduction there by reducing the level of oxidative stress. This work was undertaken at Saint Peter TB specialized hospital and TekleHaimanot health center from March 2012 to May 2013.Aim: To determine changes in Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and level of oxidative stress of tuberculosis Patients before and after taking anti tuberculosis treatment.Materials and Methods: In this comparative cross sectional study, a total of 210 individuals including: newly diagnosed TB patients as group-I (n = 70), TB patients who completed treatment as group-II (n = 70), and healthy volunteers as group-III (n = 70) were enrolled. Different methods were used to determine the parameters;vit-C (HPLC method), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbuituric acid method), and bilirubin (Colorimetric assay). Results: Vitamin-C (Vit-C) and of group-I showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) as compared with both group-II and group-III whereas Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was increased. However, the total and direct bilirubin was not different among the groups. In group-III, there was a positive correlation between BMI and serum Vit-C (r = -0.305, p = 0.010). Vit-C showed a negative correlation with serum MDA in all the groups with values (r = -0.265, p = 0.027), (r = -0.389, p = 0.001) and (r = -0.375, p = 0.001) for group-I, group-II and group-III respectively. In addition to this Vit-C was negatively correlated with serum UA (r = -0.285, p = 0.017) in group-I. Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggest that the amount of Vit-C in the newly diagnosed TB patients and those who finished their treatment is much lower than the healthy volunteers. In contrast to this, the MDA value was significantly higher both in the newly diagnosed TB patients and TB patients who completed treatment than in healthy volunteers suggesting higher degree of oxidative stress.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)and the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)have garnered substantial interest in regenerative medicine due to their potential to treat a wide range of conditions.Traditional enzy...BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)and the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)have garnered substantial interest in regenerative medicine due to their potential to treat a wide range of conditions.Traditional enzymatic methods for isolating these cells face challenges such as high costs,lengthy processing time,and regulatory complexities.AIM This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and practicality of nonenzymatic,mechanical methods for isolating SVF and ADSCs,comparing these to conventional enzymatic approaches.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases.Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria focused on non-enzymatic isolation methods for SVF and ADSCs from adipose tissue.The risk of bias was assessed,and a qualitative synthesis of findings was performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies.RESULTS Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria,highlighting various mechanical techniques such as centrifugation,vortexing,and ultrasonic cavitation.The review identified significant variability in cell yield and viability,and the integrity of isolated cells across different non-enzymatic methods compared to enzymatic procedures.Despite some advantages of mechanical methods,including reduced processing time and avoidance of enzymatic reagents,the evidence suggests a need for optimization to match the cell quality and therapeutic efficacy achievable with enzymatic isolation.CONCLUSION Non-enzymatic,mechanical methods offer a promising alternative to enzymatic isolation of SVF and ADSCs,potentially simplifying the isolation process and reducing regulatory hurdles.However,further research is necessary to standardize these techniques and ensure consistent,high-quality cell yields for clinical applications.The development of efficient,safe,and reproducible non-enzymatic isolation methods could significantly advance the field of regenerative medicine.展开更多
In this study, novel nickel oxide (NiO) flowers like nanostructures were fabricated onto gold coated glass substrate by hydrothermal method using high alkaline pH medium. The structural study of nickel oxide nanostruc...In this study, novel nickel oxide (NiO) flowers like nanostructures were fabricated onto gold coated glass substrate by hydrothermal method using high alkaline pH medium. The structural study of nickel oxide nanostructures was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray differaction (XRD) techniques. Nickel oxide nanostructures are highly dense, uniform and possess good crystalline quality. The so prepared structures were investigated for their electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric techniques. The nickel oxide flower like morphology has shown good electrochemical performances for the oxidation of glucose. The presented sensing material was able to detected glucose in a wide range of concentration of 0.001 mM to 8 mM with a high sensitivity (123 μmA/mM) and regression coefficient of 0.99. Moreover, the NiO nanostructures based sensor is highly reproducible, stable, exhibiting a fast response time and selective in the response. All the obtained results indicate the potential use of this material in the development of enzyme free sensors for the detection of glucose.展开更多
The development of low-cost,non-enzymatic glucose biosensors is crucial for advancing accessible diabetes management.This paper presents the experimental testing of an extended-gate field-effect transistor(EG-FET)that...The development of low-cost,non-enzymatic glucose biosensors is crucial for advancing accessible diabetes management.This paper presents the experimental testing of an extended-gate field-effect transistor(EG-FET)that uses a gold film as the sensing structure.The system innovatively employs a custom-designed inverting operational amplifier circuit for precise signal acquisition and an Arduino Nano platform for real-time data processing and visualization,eliminating the need for expensive laboratory equipment.At the core of the design is a depletion-mode MOSFET,whose current-voltage properties were characterized.The function of the sensor was demonstrated by testing its response to phosphate-buffered saline containing glucose at different concentrations.A clear modulation of the drain current in the linear region of the EG-FET was observed,and a preliminary analysis revealed a linear correlation between the output current and glucose concentration,indicating the system’s potential for quantitative detection.This study successfully validates the feasibility of a compact,cost-effective,and non-enzymatic EG-FET biosensing platform,establishing a solid foundation for future development of point-of-care diagnostic devices.展开更多
HDAC7,a member of class IIa HDACs,plays a pivotal regulatory role in tumor,immune,fibrosis,and angiogenesis,rendering it a potential therapeutic target.Nevertheless,due to the high similarity in the enzyme active site...HDAC7,a member of class IIa HDACs,plays a pivotal regulatory role in tumor,immune,fibrosis,and angiogenesis,rendering it a potential therapeutic target.Nevertheless,due to the high similarity in the enzyme active sites of class IIa HDACs,inhibitors encounter challenges in discerning differences among them.Furthermore,the substitution of key residue in the active pocket of class IIa HDACs renders them pseudo-enzymes,leading to a limited impact of enzymatic inhibitors on their function.In this study,proteolysis targeting chimera(PROTAC)technology was employed to develop HDAC7 drugs.We developed an exceedingly selective HDAC7 PROTAC degrader B14 which showcased superior inhibitory effects on cell proliferation compared to TMP269 in various diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL)and acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cells.Subsequent investigations unveiled that B14 disrupts BCL6 forming a transcriptional inhibition complex by degrading HDAC7,thereby exerting proliferative inhibition in DLBCL.Our study broadened the understanding of the non-enzymatic functions of HDAC7 and underscored the importance of HDAC7 in the treatment of hematologic malignancies,particularly in DLBCL and AML.展开更多
Uric acid(UA)level is a pivotal clinical human-health biomarker providing predictive feedback for multitudinous well-known kidney,cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome diseases.Off-the-shelf UA detection methods clini...Uric acid(UA)level is a pivotal clinical human-health biomarker providing predictive feedback for multitudinous well-known kidney,cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome diseases.Off-the-shelf UA detection methods clinically rely on uricase suffer from limitations such as high costs,longstanding result acquisition,circumscribed testing locations,rigorous expertise requirements,and difficulty in home-detecting due to serum testing systems.Here,inspired by the pH-paper,a scaleable,rapid,non-invasive/-enzymatic/-serodiagnostic,and home-detecting“abnormal UA alarm”platform for UA detection in saliva was developed by strategically integrating the proposed paper-based fluorescent sensing-materials(NIFP-SM)with a user-orientated intelligent red-green-blue(RGB)analysis device.Therefore,NIFP-SM is nano-engineered through straightforward inter-facial interactions of functional building blocks of on-demand naphthyl imide-derived fluorescent self-assembled micro-particles(NIFS)with lamellar structure and commercially-used filter paper.The NIFS possesses dominantly wide detection range(0-5000μmol/L)and high sensitivity(limit of detection=0.91μmol/L).Surprisingly,NIFS exhibited outstanding identifiability for uric acid even in the presence of 34 interferents,substantiating accurate detection-capability in intricate environments.Thus NIFP-SM equipped with NIFS resoundingly achieved efficient,rapid,and on-site visual detection of UA in saliva,urine-simulants,and foods.Further,the NIFP-SM-based auto-matic analysis platform integrated with an intelligent RGB analysis device was manufactured and enabled accurate quantitative,low-cost,non-invasive/-enzymatic/-serodiagnostic,rapid,home-detecting for UA,eliminating the need for costly equipment and specialized personnel and thereby facilitating early-warning detection of abnormal UA-levels associated diseases.展开更多
Epigenetic modifications,including those on DNA and histones,have been shown to regulate cellular metabolism by controlling expression of enzymes involved in the corresponding metabolic pathways.In turn,metabolic flux...Epigenetic modifications,including those on DNA and histones,have been shown to regulate cellular metabolism by controlling expression of enzymes involved in the corresponding metabolic pathways.In turn,metabolic flux influences epigenetic regulation by affecting the biosynthetic balance of enzyme cofactors or donors for certain chromatin modifications.Recently,non-enzymatic covalent modifications(NECMs)by chemically reactive metabolites have been reported to manipulate chromatin architecture and gene transcription through multiple mechanisms.Here,we summarize these recent advances in the identification and characterization of NECMs on nucleic acids,histones,and transcription factors,providing an additional mechanistic link between metabolism and epigenetics.展开更多
In the past decade, adipose tissue became a highly interesting source of adult stem cells for plastic surgery andregenerative medicine. The isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell population i...In the past decade, adipose tissue became a highly interesting source of adult stem cells for plastic surgery andregenerative medicine. The isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell population including theadipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), which showed regenerative potential in several clinical studies and trials.SVF should be provided in a safe and reproducible manner in accordance with current good manufacturing practices(cGMP). To ensure highest possible safety for patients, a precisely defined procedure with a high-quality control isrequired. Hence, an increasing number of adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems have been developed.These systems aim for a closed, sterile, and safe isolation process limiting donor variations, risk for contaminations,and unpredictability of the cell material. To isolate SVF from adipose tissue, enzymes such as collagenase are used.Alternatively, in order to avoid enzymes, isolation systems using physical forces are available. Here, we provide anoverview of known existing enzymatic and non-enzymatic adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems, which arepatented, published, or already on the market.展开更多
Mass detection of glucose,which is required in many applications,remains challenging.The commercial enzyme-based glucose test strips cannot be reused,and current non-enzymatic glucose sensors exhibit a narrow range of...Mass detection of glucose,which is required in many applications,remains challenging.The commercial enzyme-based glucose test strips cannot be reused,and current non-enzymatic glucose sensors exhibit a narrow range of detection and slow glucose oxidation kinetics.Herein,controlled etching of Prussian blue analogue(PBA)nanocubes at the vertices is conducted and Au nanoparticles(Au NPs)are subsequently inlaid in the etched cavities by in-situ reduction of HAuCl4.The unique AuNP-PBA nanocomplexes exhibit low electrochemical potential for glucose oxidation,high electrocatalytic activity,and rapid redox electron transfer rate.Covalent immobilization of the Au-inlaid nanomaterials on a fine Au wire leads to a non-enzymatic glucose sensor with a particularly wide linear detection range(10μM to 16 mM),excellent anti-interference,and fast response.More importantly,the sensor is reusable,and its sensitivity is well maintained even after 150 times of detection.This new-concept material promises to enable high-throughput glucose detection at a low cost,which is essential in diabetic management and other healthcare applications.展开更多
基金the funding from Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat(LPPM)Universitas Indonesia,by Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia(RKI)-World Class University(WCU)Program with grant number NKB-1067/UN2-RST/HKP.05.00/2023 and NKB-781/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2024.
文摘Detection of target analytes at low concentrations is significant in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,healthcare,and environmental protection.Theophylline(TP),a natural alkaloid used as a bronchodilator to treat respiratory disorders such as asthma,bronchitis,and emphysema,has a narrow therapeutic window with a safe plasma concentration ranging from 55.5-111.0μmol·L^(-1)in adults.Accurate monitoring of TP levels is essential because too low or too high can cause se-rious side effects.In this regard,non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors offer a practical solution with rapidity,portability,and high sensitivity.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent developments of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for TP detection,highlighting the basic principles,electro-oxidation mechanisms,catalytic effects,and the role of modifying materials on electrode performance.Carbon-based electrodes such as glassy carbon electrodes(GCEs),carbon paste electrodes(CPEs),and carbon screen-printed electrodes(SPCEs)have become the primary choices for non-enzymatic sensors due to their chemical stability,low cost,and flexibility in modification.This article identifies the sig-nificant contribution of various modifying materials,including nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),graphene,metal oxides,and multi-element nanocomposites.These modifications enhance sensors’electron transfer,sensitivity,and selectivity in detecting TP at low concentrations in complex media such as blood plasma and pharmaceutical samples.The electro-oxidation mechanism of TP is also discussed in depth,emphasizing the hydroxyl and carbonyl reaction pathways strongly influenced by pH and electrode materials.These mechanisms guide the selection of the appropriate electrode ma-terial for a particular application.The main contribution of this article is to identify superior modifying materials that can improve the performance of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.In a recent study,the combination of multi-element nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),CNTs,and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)resulted in the lowest detection limit of 3×10^(-5)μmol·L^(-1),reflecting the great potential of these materials for developing high-performance electrochemical sensors.The main conclusion of this article is the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in electrode material design to support the sensitivity and selectivity of TP detection.In addition,there is still a research gap in understanding TP’s more detailed oxidation mechanism,especially under pH variations and complex environments.Therefore,further research on electrode modification and analysis of the TP oxidation mechanism are urgently needed to improve the accuracy and sta-bility of the sensor while expanding its applications in pharmaceutical monitoring and medical diagnostics.By integrating various innovative materials and technical approaches,this review is expected to be an essential reference for developing efficient and affordable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20212BAB205017,20192ACB21011)National Science and Technology Award Reserve Cultivation Program Project of Jiangxi(20212AEI91001)。
文摘Effect of ellagitannins gut microbiota metabolites ellagic acid(EA)and urolithin A-urolithin D(UroA-UroD)on human serum albumin(HSA)glycation were firstly evaluated in this research.The inhibition mechanisms were investigated by methylglyoxal(MGO)trapping and radical scavenging ability assays,docking studies and nano LC-orbitrap-MS/MS technology.Results indicated that the inhibition of urolithins on HSA glycation was highly positive correlated with the number of phenolic hydroxy groups.Addition of UroD and EA could effectively enhance the content of free amino group,suppress dicarbonyl compounds and advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)formation,alleviated tryptophan and protein oxidation,inhibited HSA amyloid-like aggregation.They could also trap MGO and scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical(DPPH·)and2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid free radical(ABTS^(+)·).Molecular docking indicated that EA and UroA-UroD interact with HSA mainly through hydrogen bound and hydrophobic interaction,among which 2 or 3 hydrogen bonds were formed.The number of glycation sites were reduced from 11 to10,10,7,and 10,respectively,when 90μmol/L of EA,UroA,UroC and UroD were added.However,weak inhibition was observed on UroA and UroB.These findings can provide scientific evidence for the application of ellagitannins-rich foods in alleviating diabetic complications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.62074018 and 62174015)the Developing Project of Science and Technology of Jilin Province (No.20200301052RQ)+1 种基金the Project of Education Department of Jilin Province (No.JJKH20210831KJ)the Science and Technology Foundation of State Grid Corporation of China (No. SGTJDK00DYJS2000148)
文摘In the field of glucose sensors,the development of inexpensive and high-efficiency electrochemical glucose sensors is the current research hotspot.In this paper,CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)composite with a prickly-sphere-like morphology is prepared by the facile hydrothermal method for the non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spec-troscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to analyze the structure,composition,and morphology of the material.In addition,the electrochemical catalytic perfor-mance of CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)to glucose is obtained by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.The excellent elec-trochemical sensing performance may be attributed to the large number of catalytic sites in the prickly-sphere-like composite and the synergistic effect of Cu and Co.Under an applied voltage of 0.55 V,CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)composite shows sensitivity to glucose(1503.45μA·(mmol·L^(-1))^(-1)-cm^(-2)),a low detection limit(21.95μmol·L^(-1)),excellent selectivity,a high level of reproducibility,and good sta-bility.This indicates that the CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)composite has a broad prospect of non-enzymatic glucose sensing application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21776052)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (No. QC2016010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. HIT. IBRSEM. A. 201407)
文摘Bimetal catalysts are good alternatives for nonenzymatic glucose sensors owing to their low cost, high activity, good conductivity, and ease of fabrication. In the present study, a self-supported CuNi/C electrode prepared by electrodepositing Cu nanoparticles on a Ni-based metal–organic framework(MOF) derivate was used as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The porous construction and carbon scaffold inherited from the Ni-MOF guarantee good kinetics of the electrode process in electrochemical glucose detection. Furthermore, Cu nanoparticles disturb the array structure of MOF derived films and evidently enhance their electrochemical performances in glucose detection. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the CuNi/C electrode possesses a high sensitivity of17.12 mA mM^(-1) cm^(-2), a low detection limit of 66.67 nM,and a wider linearity range from 0.20 to 2.72 mM. Additionally, the electrode exhibits good reusability, reproducibility, and stability, thereby catering to the practical use of glucose sensors. Similar values of glucose concentrations in human blood serum samples are detected with our electrode and with the method involving glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; the results further demonstrate the practical feasibility of our electrode.
基金the financial support of this study by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC, No. 31860468)
文摘Nanocomposite of Co3O4 and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MCNT) was synthesised using one step solvothermal method, and an electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor (Co3O4-MCNT/GCE) was successfully constructed by a dropping method. The obtained Co3O4 and Co3O4- MCNT were characterized and investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Quantitative analysis of glucose was performed using the amperometric (i–t) method, and plot of current difference versus concentration of glucose was linear in the range of 1.0–122μmol/L, with a linear correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.9983 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.28μmol/L. Sensitivity of this sensor was evaluated as 2550μA L mmol^-1 cm^-2. This new sensor produced satisfactory reproducibility and stability and was applied to monitor trace amounts of glucose in human serum samples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21971129,22067015)"Grassland Talent"Innovation Team of lnner Mongolia(12000-12102301)+3 种基金Cooperation Project of State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization (2017Z1950)Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen (JCYJ20190822090801701)Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJZY21285)Research and Practice Project of Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (YJG20191012606)。
文摘A series of non-enzymatic graphene functionalized biosensors was developed via deposition precipitation method for lactic acid(LA) detection,which we re characterized by transmission electron micro scopy(TEM),Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography-mass spectro metry,and proton nuclear magnetic re sonance(~1H NMR).The electrochemical performances of the non-enzymatic biosensors were measured by means of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and cyclic voltammetry(CV) method.The comprehensive analysis of structures shows that Pt,CeO_(2),and GO components interact with each other.During the storing and releasing oxygen,the valence ratio of Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+) and the number of oxygen vacancies in CeO_(2) change accordingly,which can be conducive to increasing electronic transmission capacity and finally leads to the improvement of electrocatalytic performance.Among them,the Pt/CeO_(2)/GO biosensor containing 0.47 at% platinum exhibits an excellent electrochemical detection performance with high sensitivity of 12.3 μA·L/(mmol·cm^(2)) and a low limit of detection(LOD) of 5.12 μmol/L in a wide linear range from 10 to 900 μmol/L.In addition,the proposed biosensor possesses a promising anti-interference capability,as well as high stability and good reproducibility,which was assessed by testing the cyclic voltammogram in 0.1 mol/L lactic acid one year later.The underlying mechanism was proposed for electrochemical oxidation of LA to carbon dioxide and acetic acid with the synergistic effect among Pt,CeO_(2),and GO.Furthermore,the results of the standard addition method in real samples(human serum and urine samples) reveal that the lactic acid detection of the non-enzymatic Pt/CeO_(2)/GO biosensor is accompanied by high reliability.Thus,it will be a valuable biosensor for in vitro detection of lactic acid level in clinical samples.
基金Project(41161057)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(Guikezhuan 14122008-2)supported by Guangxi Provincial Science and Technology Development,China+2 种基金Project(2014GXNSFAA118303)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,ChinaProjects(YRHJ15K002,YRHJ15Z026)supported by Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environment Change of Guangxi Normal University,ChinaProject(2016JJ6135)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘The response of enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidants of Mn hyperaccumuator, Polygonum hydropiper （P. hydropiper）, to Mn stress was studied using hydroponics culture experiments to explore the mechanism of Mn tolerance in this species. Results showed that both chlorophyll and carotenoid contents significantly （p〈0.05） decreased with increasing Mn treatment levels （0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L） in hydroponics. The concentrations of malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydrogen peroxide （H202） in the root and shoot of P hydropiper were accumulated under Mn stress. Meanwhile, the anti-oxidative functions of several important enzymes, including superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and peroxidase （POD） in plants were stimulated by Mn spike in leaves and roots, especially at low Mn stress; while sulfhydryl group （--SH） and glutathion （GSH） were likely involved in Mn detoxification ofP. hydropiper under high Mn stress.
文摘Unsymmetrical bisacridines(UAs) are a novel potent class of antitumor-active therapeutics.A significant route of phase II drug metabolism is conjugation with glutathione(GSH),which can be non-enzymatic and/or catalyzed by GSH-dependent enzymes.The aim of this work was to investigate the GSHmediated metabolic pathway of a representative UA,C-2028.GSH-supplemented incubations of C-2028 with rat,but not with human,liver cytosol led to the formation of a single GSH-related metabolite.Interestingly,it was also revealed with rat liver microsomes.Its formation was NADPH-independent and was not inhibited by co-incubation with the cytochrome P450(CYP450) inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole.Therefore,the direct conjugation pathway occurred without the prior CYP450-catalyzed bioactivation of the substrate.In turn,incubations of C-2028 and GSH with human recombinant glutathione S-transferase(GST) P1-1 or with heat-/ethacrynic acid-inactivated liver cytosolic enzymes resulted in the presence or lack of GSH conjugated form,respectively.These findings proved the necessary participation of GST in the initial activation of the GSH thiol group to enable a nucleophilic attack on the substrate molecule.Another C-2028-GSH S-conjugate was also formed during non-enzymatic reaction.Both GSH S-conjugates were characterized by combined liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.Mechanisms for their formation were proposed.The ability of C-2028 to GST-mediated and/or direct GSH conjugation is suspected to be clinically important.This may affect the patient’s drug clearance due to GST activity,loss of GSH,or the interactions with GSH-conjugated drugs.Moreover,GST-mediated depletion of cellular GSH may increase tumor cell exposure to reactive products of UA metabolic transformations.
文摘Cu nanoclusters were electrochemically deposited on the film of a Nafion-solubilized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (CNTs-GCE), which fabricated a Cu-CNTs composite sensor (Cu-CNTs-GCE) to detect glucose with non-enzyme. The linear range is 7.0 × 10?7 to 3.5 × 10?3 mol/L with a high sensitivity of 17.76 μA/(mmol L), with a low detection limit 2.1 × 10?7 mol/L, fast response time (within 5 s), good reproducibility and stability.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21805308)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.19CX05001A)the Graduate Innovation Project of China University of Petroleum(No.YCX2020052)。
文摘The preparation of highly sensitive and stable non-enzymatic glucose sensors is critical to the prevention and treatment of diabetes.Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH is prepared through a spontaneous galvanic displacement reaction.A series of structural characterizations testify the successful formation of Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co FeLDH electrocatalyst,with the Au intercalating between Fe_(3)O_(4)and LDH to form the sandwich structure.Cyclic voltammetry tests indicate that Au is responsible for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose.The characterizations of the electrochemical sensor for glucose detection indicate that Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co FeLDH possesses high sensitivity of 6342μA m M^(-1)cm^(-2),with an extremely low oxidation potential of 0.82 V vs.RHE.Even with the high glucose concentration of 15 m M,the sensitivity remains at 4359μA m M^(-1)cm^(-2).Due to the broad linear detection range(0.0375 to 15.64 m M)and the low limit of detection(12.7μM),Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH is applicable towards practical application.Thanks to the sandwich structure,which confines the Au in between Fe_(3)O_(4)and Co Fe-LDH,the Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH glucose sensor shows high long-term stability and satisfactory selectivity.The successful synthesis of the sandwichstructured Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH provides a new conception for the design of highly sensitive and stable non-enzymatic glucose electrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61704035)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2017GXNSFBA198125)Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of Guangxi(AD19110076,AD19110063)。
文摘A novel electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on three-dimensional Au/MXene nanocomposites was developed.MXenes were prepared using the mild etched method,and the porous foam of Au nanoparticles was combined with the MXene by means of in situ synthesis.By controlling the mass of MXene in the synthesis process,porous foam with Au nanoparticles was obtained.The three-dimensional foam structure of nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to study the electrochemical performance of the Au/MXene nanocomposites.The Au/MXene nanocomposites acted as a fast redox probe for nonenzymatic glucose oxidation and showed good performance,including a high sensitivity of 22.45μA·(mmol/L)^(-1)·cm^(-1)and a wide linear range of 1-12 mmol/L.Studies have shown that MXene as a catalyst-supported material is beneficial to enhance the conductivity of electrons and increase the loading rate of the catalyst materials.The foam structure with Au nanoparticles can provide a larger surface area,increase the contact area with the molecule in the catalytic reaction,and enhance the electrochemical reaction signal.In summary,this study shows that Au/MXene nanoparticles have the potential to be used in non-enzymatic glucose sensors.
文摘Introduction: Non-enzymatic antioxidants are good scavengers of free radicals preventing their overproduction there by reducing the level of oxidative stress. This work was undertaken at Saint Peter TB specialized hospital and TekleHaimanot health center from March 2012 to May 2013.Aim: To determine changes in Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and level of oxidative stress of tuberculosis Patients before and after taking anti tuberculosis treatment.Materials and Methods: In this comparative cross sectional study, a total of 210 individuals including: newly diagnosed TB patients as group-I (n = 70), TB patients who completed treatment as group-II (n = 70), and healthy volunteers as group-III (n = 70) were enrolled. Different methods were used to determine the parameters;vit-C (HPLC method), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbuituric acid method), and bilirubin (Colorimetric assay). Results: Vitamin-C (Vit-C) and of group-I showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) as compared with both group-II and group-III whereas Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was increased. However, the total and direct bilirubin was not different among the groups. In group-III, there was a positive correlation between BMI and serum Vit-C (r = -0.305, p = 0.010). Vit-C showed a negative correlation with serum MDA in all the groups with values (r = -0.265, p = 0.027), (r = -0.389, p = 0.001) and (r = -0.375, p = 0.001) for group-I, group-II and group-III respectively. In addition to this Vit-C was negatively correlated with serum UA (r = -0.285, p = 0.017) in group-I. Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggest that the amount of Vit-C in the newly diagnosed TB patients and those who finished their treatment is much lower than the healthy volunteers. In contrast to this, the MDA value was significantly higher both in the newly diagnosed TB patients and TB patients who completed treatment than in healthy volunteers suggesting higher degree of oxidative stress.
文摘BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)and the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)have garnered substantial interest in regenerative medicine due to their potential to treat a wide range of conditions.Traditional enzymatic methods for isolating these cells face challenges such as high costs,lengthy processing time,and regulatory complexities.AIM This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and practicality of nonenzymatic,mechanical methods for isolating SVF and ADSCs,comparing these to conventional enzymatic approaches.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases.Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria focused on non-enzymatic isolation methods for SVF and ADSCs from adipose tissue.The risk of bias was assessed,and a qualitative synthesis of findings was performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies.RESULTS Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria,highlighting various mechanical techniques such as centrifugation,vortexing,and ultrasonic cavitation.The review identified significant variability in cell yield and viability,and the integrity of isolated cells across different non-enzymatic methods compared to enzymatic procedures.Despite some advantages of mechanical methods,including reduced processing time and avoidance of enzymatic reagents,the evidence suggests a need for optimization to match the cell quality and therapeutic efficacy achievable with enzymatic isolation.CONCLUSION Non-enzymatic,mechanical methods offer a promising alternative to enzymatic isolation of SVF and ADSCs,potentially simplifying the isolation process and reducing regulatory hurdles.However,further research is necessary to standardize these techniques and ensure consistent,high-quality cell yields for clinical applications.The development of efficient,safe,and reproducible non-enzymatic isolation methods could significantly advance the field of regenerative medicine.
文摘In this study, novel nickel oxide (NiO) flowers like nanostructures were fabricated onto gold coated glass substrate by hydrothermal method using high alkaline pH medium. The structural study of nickel oxide nanostructures was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray differaction (XRD) techniques. Nickel oxide nanostructures are highly dense, uniform and possess good crystalline quality. The so prepared structures were investigated for their electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric techniques. The nickel oxide flower like morphology has shown good electrochemical performances for the oxidation of glucose. The presented sensing material was able to detected glucose in a wide range of concentration of 0.001 mM to 8 mM with a high sensitivity (123 μmA/mM) and regression coefficient of 0.99. Moreover, the NiO nanostructures based sensor is highly reproducible, stable, exhibiting a fast response time and selective in the response. All the obtained results indicate the potential use of this material in the development of enzyme free sensors for the detection of glucose.
文摘The development of low-cost,non-enzymatic glucose biosensors is crucial for advancing accessible diabetes management.This paper presents the experimental testing of an extended-gate field-effect transistor(EG-FET)that uses a gold film as the sensing structure.The system innovatively employs a custom-designed inverting operational amplifier circuit for precise signal acquisition and an Arduino Nano platform for real-time data processing and visualization,eliminating the need for expensive laboratory equipment.At the core of the design is a depletion-mode MOSFET,whose current-voltage properties were characterized.The function of the sensor was demonstrated by testing its response to phosphate-buffered saline containing glucose at different concentrations.A clear modulation of the drain current in the linear region of the EG-FET was observed,and a preliminary analysis revealed a linear correlation between the output current and glucose concentration,indicating the system’s potential for quantitative detection.This study successfully validates the feasibility of a compact,cost-effective,and non-enzymatic EG-FET biosensing platform,establishing a solid foundation for future development of point-of-care diagnostic devices.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82173660,82103975)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research&Development Plan(No.2023C03111,China)+1 种基金the Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LR21H300003,LR22H310002,China)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ21H300005,China).
文摘HDAC7,a member of class IIa HDACs,plays a pivotal regulatory role in tumor,immune,fibrosis,and angiogenesis,rendering it a potential therapeutic target.Nevertheless,due to the high similarity in the enzyme active sites of class IIa HDACs,inhibitors encounter challenges in discerning differences among them.Furthermore,the substitution of key residue in the active pocket of class IIa HDACs renders them pseudo-enzymes,leading to a limited impact of enzymatic inhibitors on their function.In this study,proteolysis targeting chimera(PROTAC)technology was employed to develop HDAC7 drugs.We developed an exceedingly selective HDAC7 PROTAC degrader B14 which showcased superior inhibitory effects on cell proliferation compared to TMP269 in various diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL)and acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cells.Subsequent investigations unveiled that B14 disrupts BCL6 forming a transcriptional inhibition complex by degrading HDAC7,thereby exerting proliferative inhibition in DLBCL.Our study broadened the understanding of the non-enzymatic functions of HDAC7 and underscored the importance of HDAC7 in the treatment of hematologic malignancies,particularly in DLBCL and AML.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22278257)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2024SF-YBXM-586)the Project of Innovation Capability Support Program in Shaanxi Province(2024ZC-KJXX-005).
文摘Uric acid(UA)level is a pivotal clinical human-health biomarker providing predictive feedback for multitudinous well-known kidney,cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome diseases.Off-the-shelf UA detection methods clinically rely on uricase suffer from limitations such as high costs,longstanding result acquisition,circumscribed testing locations,rigorous expertise requirements,and difficulty in home-detecting due to serum testing systems.Here,inspired by the pH-paper,a scaleable,rapid,non-invasive/-enzymatic/-serodiagnostic,and home-detecting“abnormal UA alarm”platform for UA detection in saliva was developed by strategically integrating the proposed paper-based fluorescent sensing-materials(NIFP-SM)with a user-orientated intelligent red-green-blue(RGB)analysis device.Therefore,NIFP-SM is nano-engineered through straightforward inter-facial interactions of functional building blocks of on-demand naphthyl imide-derived fluorescent self-assembled micro-particles(NIFS)with lamellar structure and commercially-used filter paper.The NIFS possesses dominantly wide detection range(0-5000μmol/L)and high sensitivity(limit of detection=0.91μmol/L).Surprisingly,NIFS exhibited outstanding identifiability for uric acid even in the presence of 34 interferents,substantiating accurate detection-capability in intricate environments.Thus NIFP-SM equipped with NIFS resoundingly achieved efficient,rapid,and on-site visual detection of UA in saliva,urine-simulants,and foods.Further,the NIFP-SM-based auto-matic analysis platform integrated with an intelligent RGB analysis device was manufactured and enabled accurate quantitative,low-cost,non-invasive/-enzymatic/-serodiagnostic,rapid,home-detecting for UA,eliminating the need for costly equipment and specialized personnel and thereby facilitating early-warning detection of abnormal UA-levels associated diseases.
基金Work in the David lab is supported by R21 DA044767,CCSG core grant P30 CA008748,and SPORE P50-CA192937 from the National Institutes of Health.In addition,work in the lab is supported by the Tri-institutional Therapeutic Discovery Institute,the Mr.William H.Goodwin and Mrs.Alice Goodwin and the Commonwealth Foundation for Cancer Research and the Center for Experimental Therapeutics at MSKCC,the Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance,and Cycle for Survival.Y.D.is a Josie Robertson Young Investigator.Additionally,YD is supported by the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and the Anna Fuller Cancer Research Foundation.
文摘Epigenetic modifications,including those on DNA and histones,have been shown to regulate cellular metabolism by controlling expression of enzymes involved in the corresponding metabolic pathways.In turn,metabolic flux influences epigenetic regulation by affecting the biosynthetic balance of enzyme cofactors or donors for certain chromatin modifications.Recently,non-enzymatic covalent modifications(NECMs)by chemically reactive metabolites have been reported to manipulate chromatin architecture and gene transcription through multiple mechanisms.Here,we summarize these recent advances in the identification and characterization of NECMs on nucleic acids,histones,and transcription factors,providing an additional mechanistic link between metabolism and epigenetics.
基金This work was funded by grant from the Austrian Research Promotion Agency(FFG)(Bridge1 program,grant no.4694564).
文摘In the past decade, adipose tissue became a highly interesting source of adult stem cells for plastic surgery andregenerative medicine. The isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell population including theadipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), which showed regenerative potential in several clinical studies and trials.SVF should be provided in a safe and reproducible manner in accordance with current good manufacturing practices(cGMP). To ensure highest possible safety for patients, a precisely defined procedure with a high-quality control isrequired. Hence, an increasing number of adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems have been developed.These systems aim for a closed, sterile, and safe isolation process limiting donor variations, risk for contaminations,and unpredictability of the cell material. To isolate SVF from adipose tissue, enzymes such as collagenase are used.Alternatively, in order to avoid enzymes, isolation systems using physical forces are available. Here, we provide anoverview of known existing enzymatic and non-enzymatic adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems, which arepatented, published, or already on the market.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1106802)the Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Research Fund in Sichuan University(No.0900904153016).
文摘Mass detection of glucose,which is required in many applications,remains challenging.The commercial enzyme-based glucose test strips cannot be reused,and current non-enzymatic glucose sensors exhibit a narrow range of detection and slow glucose oxidation kinetics.Herein,controlled etching of Prussian blue analogue(PBA)nanocubes at the vertices is conducted and Au nanoparticles(Au NPs)are subsequently inlaid in the etched cavities by in-situ reduction of HAuCl4.The unique AuNP-PBA nanocomplexes exhibit low electrochemical potential for glucose oxidation,high electrocatalytic activity,and rapid redox electron transfer rate.Covalent immobilization of the Au-inlaid nanomaterials on a fine Au wire leads to a non-enzymatic glucose sensor with a particularly wide linear detection range(10μM to 16 mM),excellent anti-interference,and fast response.More importantly,the sensor is reusable,and its sensitivity is well maintained even after 150 times of detection.This new-concept material promises to enable high-throughput glucose detection at a low cost,which is essential in diabetic management and other healthcare applications.
