目的:初步探讨舒尼替尼诱导高、低表达ABCG2(ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2)分子的耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞(简称ABCG2high CNE2/DDP细胞、ABCG2low CNE2/DDP细胞)中NKG2D配体(natural killer group 2 member Dligands,NK...目的:初步探讨舒尼替尼诱导高、低表达ABCG2(ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2)分子的耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞(简称ABCG2high CNE2/DDP细胞、ABCG2low CNE2/DDP细胞)中NKG2D配体(natural killer group 2 member Dligands,NKG2DLs)表达的分子机制。方法:Caspase-8活化试剂盒和线粒体膜电位法分别检测NK细胞处理后ABCG2highCNE2/DDP细胞和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞caspase-8活化水平和线粒体膜电位。RT-PCR检测舒尼替尼处理前后两种CNE2/DDP细胞DNA损伤修复系统相关信号分子mRNA的表达。结果:CNE2/DDP细胞+NK细胞组中两种CNE2/DDP细胞caspase-8活性均明显增强;舒尼替尼处理后的ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞+NK细胞组和ABCG2highCNE2/DDP细胞+NK细胞组中caspase-8的活性是处理前的2～2.5倍(P<0.01)。舒尼替尼预处理后,CNE2/DDP细胞和NK细胞共培养体系中两种CNE2/DDP细胞的线粒体膜电位分别为(76.58±2.32)%和(73.11±1.93)%,较舒尼替尼处理前明显降低(P<0.05)。舒尼替尼可上调两种CNE2/DDP细胞中ATR、CHK1和CHK2 mRNA的表达,并诱导P53和NF-κB mRNA的表达。结论:舒尼替尼可能通过激活DNA损伤修复系统相关信号分子和NF-κB的表达,诱导耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2DLs的表达,同时经由死亡受体信号通路和线粒体信号通路增强NK细胞诱导的肿瘤细胞凋亡。展开更多
目的:探讨体内条件下舒尼替尼对耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2DLs(natural killer group 2 member D ligands)表达的诱导作用,及其对NK细胞抗肿瘤活性的影响。方法:建立ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,分如下...目的:探讨体内条件下舒尼替尼对耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2DLs(natural killer group 2 member D ligands)表达的诱导作用,及其对NK细胞抗肿瘤活性的影响。方法:建立ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,分如下8组:A、E组分别接种ABCG2high、ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞,B、F组分别接种舒尼替尼处理的ABCG2high、ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞,C、G组分别接种ABCG2high、ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞后再输注NK细胞;D、H组接种舒尼替尼处理的ABCG2high、ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞后再输注NK细胞。检测各组裸鼠成瘤时间、成瘤率、肿瘤体积和抑瘤率。免疫组织化学法检测移植瘤组织中NKG2DLs的表达。结果:A、B、C、D和E、F、G、H组肿瘤出现时间分别为(5.43±1.00)、(8.50±0.35)、(11.10±1.25)、(13.56±1.23)d和(9.00±1.00)、(12.30±0.78)、(14.50±0.50)、(17.25±0.77)d,其中舒尼替尼与NK细胞联合处理组(D和H组)成瘤时间最晚(P<0.01)。A、B、C、D和E、F、G、H组肿瘤质量分别为(2.63±0.89)、(1.00±0.03)、(0.65±0.08)、(0.21±0.27)g和(2.79±0.83)、(1.18±0.77)、(0.96±0.50)、(0.86±0.82)g,其中舒尼替尼与NK细胞联合处理组肿瘤质量最小(P<0.01);舒尼替尼与NK细胞联合处理的D组和H组的抑瘤率分别为92%和69%。舒尼替尼上调移植瘤组织中NKG2DLs的表达,且ABCG2highCNE2/DDP细胞移植瘤中的NKG2DLs表达率高于ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞。结论:舒尼替尼可在体内诱导CNE2/DDP移植瘤组织表达NKG2DLs,增强NK细胞的抗肿瘤作用。展开更多
Background:Human natural killer(NK)cells have attracted widespread attention as a potential adoptive cell therapy(ACT).However,the therapeutic effects of NK cell infusion in patients with solid tumors are limited.Ther...Background:Human natural killer(NK)cells have attracted widespread attention as a potential adoptive cell therapy(ACT).However,the therapeutic effects of NK cell infusion in patients with solid tumors are limited.There is an urgent need to explore a suitable new treatment plan to overcome weaknesses and support the superior therapeutic activity of NK cells.Methods:In this study,the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of gastric cancer(GC)cell lines AGS,HGC-27,and NCI-N87 to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity were explored.Results:Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)release assays showed that all three GC cell lines were susceptible to the umbilical cord blood NK(UCB-NK)cells,and HGC-27 cells with high CD56 expression were the most sensitive to UCB-NK,followed by NCI-N87 and AGS.When the expression of CD56 in HGC-27 cells decreased,the lytic activity of NK cells in HGC-27 cells was abating.In addition,combining oxaliplatin with NK cells produced additive anti-tumor effects in vitro,which may have resulted from oxaliplatin-induced NK group 2 member D(NKG2DL)upregulation in GC cells.These results of cytotoxicity activity showed that inhibition of CD56 expression might suppress the sensitivity of GC cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity,and upregulation of the expression of NKG2DL on the surface of GC cells by oxaliplatin could enhance the killing sensitivity of NK cells.Conclusion:Collectively,our study provides a deeper theoretical foundation and a better therapeutic strategy for NK cell immunotherapy in the treatment of human GC.展开更多
分子靶向-过继性细胞免疫治疗是分子靶向药物和过继性细胞免疫疗法有机结合的新治疗模式,该模式建立在NK细胞活化性信号通路(NKG2D-NKG2DLs)的生物学特性,尤其是受配体可调控性的理论基础之上。分子靶向药物在其中扮演双重角色,除了药...分子靶向-过继性细胞免疫治疗是分子靶向药物和过继性细胞免疫疗法有机结合的新治疗模式,该模式建立在NK细胞活化性信号通路(NKG2D-NKG2DLs)的生物学特性,尤其是受配体可调控性的理论基础之上。分子靶向药物在其中扮演双重角色,除了药物本身对肿瘤细胞的毒性作用外,还作为"刺激诱导"源,诱导肿瘤细胞表达免疫激活物NKG2DLs(nat-ural killer group 2 member D ligands),与NK细胞表面NKG2D(natural killer group 2 member D)结合,激活NK细胞的杀伤活性。NKG2D与NKG2DLs是NK细胞主要的活化性受、配体,在机体抗肿瘤免疫中起重要作用。NKG2D主要表达于NK、CD8+T、γδT和活化的巨噬细胞,参与适应性及固有性免疫应答。与NKG2D结合的配体(NKG2DLs)广泛低表达于多种肿瘤细胞,而在正常组织细胞几乎未见表达,靶细胞的NKG2DLs表达水平直接关系到免疫效应细胞(NK、DC、CTL细胞等)对其的杀伤活性。NKG2DLs的转录与表达可受多种因素影响,分子靶向药物可以诱导肿瘤细胞高表达NKG2DLs,NK细胞对高表达NKG2DLs的肿瘤细胞有较高杀伤活性,而对正常组织无杀伤作用,具有杀伤靶向性;NKG2DLs的高表达也增强了肿瘤细胞对其他免疫效应细胞的杀伤敏感性,具有良好的应用前景。分子靶向药物联合过继性细胞免疫治疗将使肿瘤患者获得更好的临床疗效,预示了肿瘤生物治疗新的发展方向———分子靶向-过继性细胞免疫治疗新模式的来临。展开更多
Objective: To examine the effect of pSer9-GSK-3β on breast cancer and to determine whether the underlying metabolic and immunological mechanism is associated with ROS/eIF2B and natural killer(NK) cells.Methods: We em...Objective: To examine the effect of pSer9-GSK-3β on breast cancer and to determine whether the underlying metabolic and immunological mechanism is associated with ROS/eIF2B and natural killer(NK) cells.Methods: We employed TWS119 to inactivate GSK-3β by phosphorylating Ser9 and explored its effect on breast cancer and NK cells. The expression of GSK-3β, natural killer group 2 member D(NKG2D) ligands, eIF2B was quantified by PCR and Western blot. We measured intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) and mitochondrial ROS using DCFH-DA and MitoSOX^(TM) probe,respectively, and conducted quantitative analysis of cellular respiration on 4T1 cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ/Ⅲ kits.Results: Our investigation revealed that TWS119 downregulated NKG2D ligands(H60 a and Rae1), suppressed the cytotoxicity of NK cells, and promoted the migration of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells. Nevertheless, LY290042, which attenuates p-GSK-3β formation by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway, reversed these effects. We also found that higher expression of p Ser9-GSK-3β induced higher levels of ROS, and observed that abnormality of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ/Ⅲ function induced the dysfunction of GSK-3β-induced electron transport chain, naturally disturbing the ROS level. In addition, the expression of NOX3 and NOX4 was significantly up-regulated, which affected the generation of ROS and associated with the metastasis of breast cancer. Furthermore, we found that the expression of pSer535-eIF2B promoted the expression of NKG2D ligands(Mult-1 and Rae1) following by expression of pSer9-GSK-3β and generation of ROS.Conclusions: The PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/ROS/eIF2B pathway could regulate NK cell activity and sensitivity of tumor cells to NK cells,which resulted in breast cancer growth and lung metastasis. Thus, GSK-3β is a promising target of anti-tumor therapy.展开更多
目的:探讨西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)对耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2D配体(natural killer group 2 member Dligands,NKG2DLs)的表达及NK细胞分泌IFN-γ的影响。方法:流式细胞术检测高、低表达ABCG2(ATP-binding cassettesuperfamily G membe...目的:探讨西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)对耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2D配体(natural killer group 2 member Dligands,NKG2DLs)的表达及NK细胞分泌IFN-γ的影响。方法:流式细胞术检测高、低表达ABCG2(ATP-binding cassettesuperfamily G member 2)的耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞(简称ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞和ABCG2highCNE2/DDP细胞)表面EGFR的表达水平,以及西妥昔单抗处理前后两种CNE2/DDP细胞表面NKG2DLs的表达水平。西妥昔单抗处理前后的两种CNE2/DDP细胞分别与NK细胞共培养,ELISA检测上清中IFN-γ的分泌水平,LDH释放法检测NK细胞对不同组CNE2/DDP靶细胞的杀伤。结果:ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞表面EGFR的表达率分别为(43.60±2.01)%和(47.20±2.07)%。西妥昔单抗上调ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞表面MICA、MICB、ULBP1和ULBP2的表达,但下调ABCG2highCNE2/DDP细胞表面ULBP3的表达。西妥昔单抗处理两种CNE2/DDP细胞后,与NK细胞的共培养体系中IFN-γ的分泌水平明显上调(P<0.01);西妥昔单抗增强两种CNE2/DDP细胞对NK细胞杀伤的敏感性(P<0.01)。结论:西妥昔单抗可上调耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2DLs的表达,间接刺激NK细胞分泌IFN-γ,具有双重免疫调节作用。展开更多
Cancer immunotherapy has been widely recognized as a powerful approach to fight cancers.To date,over 50 phase III trials in cancer immunotherapy are in progress.Among the many immunotherapy approaches,immune checkpoin...Cancer immunotherapy has been widely recognized as a powerful approach to fight cancers.To date,over 50 phase III trials in cancer immunotherapy are in progress.Among the many immunotherapy approaches,immune checkpoint therapy has attracted considerable attention.The reported clinical success of targeting the T cell immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 or CTLA4 by antibodies blockade in advanced stages of cancers has demonstrated the importance of immune modulation.But antibodies-based immunotherapy confronted with some disadvantages,such as immunogenicity,stability,membrane permeability,and production cost.Therefore,alternative approaches including small-molecule-regulated immune response are being introduced.In this review,we focused on some of the key intracellular pathways where small-molecule therapeutic is potential and attractive,which highlights the great potential of natural products in this field.展开更多
目前,针对晚期肝癌无标准和令人满意的治疗方法。多靶点酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor,MTKI)联合NK细胞对肝癌细胞具有协同杀伤作用:一方面,MTKI能阻断肿瘤细胞增殖和血管生成信号通路促进细胞凋亡;另一方面...目前,针对晚期肝癌无标准和令人满意的治疗方法。多靶点酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor,MTKI)联合NK细胞对肝癌细胞具有协同杀伤作用:一方面,MTKI能阻断肿瘤细胞增殖和血管生成信号通路促进细胞凋亡;另一方面,MTKI诱导肿瘤细胞表达NK细胞活化性配体(natural killer group 2 member D ligand,NKG2DL),促进肿瘤细胞对NK细胞杀伤的敏感性。MTKI诱导肿瘤细胞表达NKG2DL,主要通过DNA损伤修复反应分子和细胞凋亡通路与转录因子NF-κB(nuclear factor-κB)之间相互作用,活化由NF-κB2和Rel B组成的旁路途径调节NKG2DL的转录和表达。MTKI通过NF-κB旁路途径诱导肿瘤表达NKG2DL的分子机制为MTKI联合NK细胞治疗肝细胞癌提供了理论依据。展开更多
文摘目的:初步探讨舒尼替尼诱导高、低表达ABCG2(ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2)分子的耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞(简称ABCG2high CNE2/DDP细胞、ABCG2low CNE2/DDP细胞)中NKG2D配体(natural killer group 2 member Dligands,NKG2DLs)表达的分子机制。方法:Caspase-8活化试剂盒和线粒体膜电位法分别检测NK细胞处理后ABCG2highCNE2/DDP细胞和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞caspase-8活化水平和线粒体膜电位。RT-PCR检测舒尼替尼处理前后两种CNE2/DDP细胞DNA损伤修复系统相关信号分子mRNA的表达。结果:CNE2/DDP细胞+NK细胞组中两种CNE2/DDP细胞caspase-8活性均明显增强;舒尼替尼处理后的ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞+NK细胞组和ABCG2highCNE2/DDP细胞+NK细胞组中caspase-8的活性是处理前的2～2.5倍(P<0.01)。舒尼替尼预处理后,CNE2/DDP细胞和NK细胞共培养体系中两种CNE2/DDP细胞的线粒体膜电位分别为(76.58±2.32)%和(73.11±1.93)%,较舒尼替尼处理前明显降低(P<0.05)。舒尼替尼可上调两种CNE2/DDP细胞中ATR、CHK1和CHK2 mRNA的表达,并诱导P53和NF-κB mRNA的表达。结论:舒尼替尼可能通过激活DNA损伤修复系统相关信号分子和NF-κB的表达,诱导耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2DLs的表达,同时经由死亡受体信号通路和线粒体信号通路增强NK细胞诱导的肿瘤细胞凋亡。
文摘目的:探讨不同分子靶向药物对高表达与低表达ATP结合转运蛋白G超家族成员2(ATP-binding cassette super-family Gmember 2,ABCG2)的人耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞(分别简写为ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP)表面NKG2D配体(natural killer group 2 member Dligands,NKG2DLs)表达的诱导作用及其对NK细胞杀伤敏感性的影响。方法:免疫磁珠法分选ABCG2highCNE2/DDP、ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞及NK细胞。流式细胞术检测分选细胞的纯度和不同分子靶向药物(硼替佐米、索拉非尼、舒尼替尼)处理前后ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞NKG2DLs的表达率。LDH释放法检测不同药物处理前后ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞对NK细胞杀伤的敏感性。结果:ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞表面ABCG2的表达率分别为(91.40±2.32)%和(1.70±0.24)%。分选后NK细胞中CD3-CD16+CD56+细胞的比例达90%以上。药物处理前,ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞MICA、MICB、ULBP1、ULBP2和ULBP3呈弱表达;经不同分子靶向药物处理后,5种NKG2DLs的表达率均明显上升(P<0.01),以舒尼替尼处理后NKG2DLs的表达率升高最明显。随着NKG2DLs表达的上调,ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞对NK细胞杀伤的敏感性也随之升高。结论:不同分子靶向药物可诱导耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2DLs的表达,以舒尼替尼的诱导作用最强,且肿瘤细胞NKG2DLs的表达与其对NK细胞杀伤敏感性之间存在线性关系。
文摘目的:探讨体内条件下舒尼替尼对耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2DLs(natural killer group 2 member D ligands)表达的诱导作用,及其对NK细胞抗肿瘤活性的影响。方法:建立ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,分如下8组:A、E组分别接种ABCG2high、ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞,B、F组分别接种舒尼替尼处理的ABCG2high、ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞,C、G组分别接种ABCG2high、ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞后再输注NK细胞;D、H组接种舒尼替尼处理的ABCG2high、ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞后再输注NK细胞。检测各组裸鼠成瘤时间、成瘤率、肿瘤体积和抑瘤率。免疫组织化学法检测移植瘤组织中NKG2DLs的表达。结果:A、B、C、D和E、F、G、H组肿瘤出现时间分别为(5.43±1.00)、(8.50±0.35)、(11.10±1.25)、(13.56±1.23)d和(9.00±1.00)、(12.30±0.78)、(14.50±0.50)、(17.25±0.77)d,其中舒尼替尼与NK细胞联合处理组(D和H组)成瘤时间最晚(P<0.01)。A、B、C、D和E、F、G、H组肿瘤质量分别为(2.63±0.89)、(1.00±0.03)、(0.65±0.08)、(0.21±0.27)g和(2.79±0.83)、(1.18±0.77)、(0.96±0.50)、(0.86±0.82)g,其中舒尼替尼与NK细胞联合处理组肿瘤质量最小(P<0.01);舒尼替尼与NK细胞联合处理的D组和H组的抑瘤率分别为92%和69%。舒尼替尼上调移植瘤组织中NKG2DLs的表达,且ABCG2highCNE2/DDP细胞移植瘤中的NKG2DLs表达率高于ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞。结论:舒尼替尼可在体内诱导CNE2/DDP移植瘤组织表达NKG2DLs,增强NK细胞的抗肿瘤作用。
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grants:2021-I2M-1-070)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 82373767).
文摘Background:Human natural killer(NK)cells have attracted widespread attention as a potential adoptive cell therapy(ACT).However,the therapeutic effects of NK cell infusion in patients with solid tumors are limited.There is an urgent need to explore a suitable new treatment plan to overcome weaknesses and support the superior therapeutic activity of NK cells.Methods:In this study,the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of gastric cancer(GC)cell lines AGS,HGC-27,and NCI-N87 to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity were explored.Results:Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)release assays showed that all three GC cell lines were susceptible to the umbilical cord blood NK(UCB-NK)cells,and HGC-27 cells with high CD56 expression were the most sensitive to UCB-NK,followed by NCI-N87 and AGS.When the expression of CD56 in HGC-27 cells decreased,the lytic activity of NK cells in HGC-27 cells was abating.In addition,combining oxaliplatin with NK cells produced additive anti-tumor effects in vitro,which may have resulted from oxaliplatin-induced NK group 2 member D(NKG2DL)upregulation in GC cells.These results of cytotoxicity activity showed that inhibition of CD56 expression might suppress the sensitivity of GC cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity,and upregulation of the expression of NKG2DL on the surface of GC cells by oxaliplatin could enhance the killing sensitivity of NK cells.Conclusion:Collectively,our study provides a deeper theoretical foundation and a better therapeutic strategy for NK cell immunotherapy in the treatment of human GC.
文摘分子靶向-过继性细胞免疫治疗是分子靶向药物和过继性细胞免疫疗法有机结合的新治疗模式,该模式建立在NK细胞活化性信号通路(NKG2D-NKG2DLs)的生物学特性,尤其是受配体可调控性的理论基础之上。分子靶向药物在其中扮演双重角色,除了药物本身对肿瘤细胞的毒性作用外,还作为"刺激诱导"源,诱导肿瘤细胞表达免疫激活物NKG2DLs(nat-ural killer group 2 member D ligands),与NK细胞表面NKG2D(natural killer group 2 member D)结合,激活NK细胞的杀伤活性。NKG2D与NKG2DLs是NK细胞主要的活化性受、配体,在机体抗肿瘤免疫中起重要作用。NKG2D主要表达于NK、CD8+T、γδT和活化的巨噬细胞,参与适应性及固有性免疫应答。与NKG2D结合的配体(NKG2DLs)广泛低表达于多种肿瘤细胞,而在正常组织细胞几乎未见表达,靶细胞的NKG2DLs表达水平直接关系到免疫效应细胞(NK、DC、CTL细胞等)对其的杀伤活性。NKG2DLs的转录与表达可受多种因素影响,分子靶向药物可以诱导肿瘤细胞高表达NKG2DLs,NK细胞对高表达NKG2DLs的肿瘤细胞有较高杀伤活性,而对正常组织无杀伤作用,具有杀伤靶向性;NKG2DLs的高表达也增强了肿瘤细胞对其他免疫效应细胞的杀伤敏感性,具有良好的应用前景。分子靶向药物联合过继性细胞免疫治疗将使肿瘤患者获得更好的临床疗效,预示了肿瘤生物治疗新的发展方向———分子靶向-过继性细胞免疫治疗新模式的来临。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 8117975 and 31770968)Tianjin Institutes for Basic Sciences (Grant No. 15JCYBJC26900 and 16JCQNJC11700)
文摘Objective: To examine the effect of pSer9-GSK-3β on breast cancer and to determine whether the underlying metabolic and immunological mechanism is associated with ROS/eIF2B and natural killer(NK) cells.Methods: We employed TWS119 to inactivate GSK-3β by phosphorylating Ser9 and explored its effect on breast cancer and NK cells. The expression of GSK-3β, natural killer group 2 member D(NKG2D) ligands, eIF2B was quantified by PCR and Western blot. We measured intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) and mitochondrial ROS using DCFH-DA and MitoSOX^(TM) probe,respectively, and conducted quantitative analysis of cellular respiration on 4T1 cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ/Ⅲ kits.Results: Our investigation revealed that TWS119 downregulated NKG2D ligands(H60 a and Rae1), suppressed the cytotoxicity of NK cells, and promoted the migration of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells. Nevertheless, LY290042, which attenuates p-GSK-3β formation by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway, reversed these effects. We also found that higher expression of p Ser9-GSK-3β induced higher levels of ROS, and observed that abnormality of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ/Ⅲ function induced the dysfunction of GSK-3β-induced electron transport chain, naturally disturbing the ROS level. In addition, the expression of NOX3 and NOX4 was significantly up-regulated, which affected the generation of ROS and associated with the metastasis of breast cancer. Furthermore, we found that the expression of pSer535-eIF2B promoted the expression of NKG2D ligands(Mult-1 and Rae1) following by expression of pSer9-GSK-3β and generation of ROS.Conclusions: The PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/ROS/eIF2B pathway could regulate NK cell activity and sensitivity of tumor cells to NK cells,which resulted in breast cancer growth and lung metastasis. Thus, GSK-3β is a promising target of anti-tumor therapy.
文摘目的:探讨西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)对耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2D配体(natural killer group 2 member Dligands,NKG2DLs)的表达及NK细胞分泌IFN-γ的影响。方法:流式细胞术检测高、低表达ABCG2(ATP-binding cassettesuperfamily G member 2)的耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞(简称ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞和ABCG2highCNE2/DDP细胞)表面EGFR的表达水平,以及西妥昔单抗处理前后两种CNE2/DDP细胞表面NKG2DLs的表达水平。西妥昔单抗处理前后的两种CNE2/DDP细胞分别与NK细胞共培养,ELISA检测上清中IFN-γ的分泌水平,LDH释放法检测NK细胞对不同组CNE2/DDP靶细胞的杀伤。结果:ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞表面EGFR的表达率分别为(43.60±2.01)%和(47.20±2.07)%。西妥昔单抗上调ABCG2highCNE2/DDP和ABCG2lowCNE2/DDP细胞表面MICA、MICB、ULBP1和ULBP2的表达,但下调ABCG2highCNE2/DDP细胞表面ULBP3的表达。西妥昔单抗处理两种CNE2/DDP细胞后,与NK细胞的共培养体系中IFN-γ的分泌水平明显上调(P<0.01);西妥昔单抗增强两种CNE2/DDP细胞对NK细胞杀伤的敏感性(P<0.01)。结论:西妥昔单抗可上调耐药鼻咽癌CNE2/DDP细胞NKG2DLs的表达,间接刺激NK细胞分泌IFN-γ,具有双重免疫调节作用。
基金supported financially by the funding of Exploitation and Utilization of Abundant Natural Products from Plants from Kunming Institute of Botany(KIB2017009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1402227)+2 种基金the 100 Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y.Li)the Program of Recruited Top Talent of Sciences and Technology of Yunnan Province(2009CI120)the Independent Program of Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Yunnan Province(Y.Li).
文摘Cancer immunotherapy has been widely recognized as a powerful approach to fight cancers.To date,over 50 phase III trials in cancer immunotherapy are in progress.Among the many immunotherapy approaches,immune checkpoint therapy has attracted considerable attention.The reported clinical success of targeting the T cell immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 or CTLA4 by antibodies blockade in advanced stages of cancers has demonstrated the importance of immune modulation.But antibodies-based immunotherapy confronted with some disadvantages,such as immunogenicity,stability,membrane permeability,and production cost.Therefore,alternative approaches including small-molecule-regulated immune response are being introduced.In this review,we focused on some of the key intracellular pathways where small-molecule therapeutic is potential and attractive,which highlights the great potential of natural products in this field.
文摘目前,针对晚期肝癌无标准和令人满意的治疗方法。多靶点酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor,MTKI)联合NK细胞对肝癌细胞具有协同杀伤作用:一方面,MTKI能阻断肿瘤细胞增殖和血管生成信号通路促进细胞凋亡;另一方面,MTKI诱导肿瘤细胞表达NK细胞活化性配体(natural killer group 2 member D ligand,NKG2DL),促进肿瘤细胞对NK细胞杀伤的敏感性。MTKI诱导肿瘤细胞表达NKG2DL,主要通过DNA损伤修复反应分子和细胞凋亡通路与转录因子NF-κB(nuclear factor-κB)之间相互作用,活化由NF-κB2和Rel B组成的旁路途径调节NKG2DL的转录和表达。MTKI通过NF-κB旁路途径诱导肿瘤表达NKG2DL的分子机制为MTKI联合NK细胞治疗肝细胞癌提供了理论依据。
