Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as ...Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that Sea Nine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world（half-life between〈 1 day and 13.1 days）. Large-scale application of Sea Nine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of Sea Nine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. Considering that Sea Nine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by Sea Nine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population stability.Therefore, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, Sea Nine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of Sea Nine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.展开更多
A new nine-membered lactone,cladospolide E（1）,was isolated from a culture broth of a marine fungus Cladosporium sp.F14. The structure of compound 1 was determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis,inc...A new nine-membered lactone,cladospolide E（1）,was isolated from a culture broth of a marine fungus Cladosporium sp.F14. The structure of compound 1 was determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis,including 1D and 2D NMR data.展开更多
A new algorithm called homotopy iteration method based on the homotopy function is studied and improved. By the improved homotopy iteration method, Polynomial systems with high Order and deficient can be solved fast a...A new algorithm called homotopy iteration method based on the homotopy function is studied and improved. By the improved homotopy iteration method, Polynomial systems with high Order and deficient can be solved fast and efficiently comparing to the original homotopy iteration method. Numerical examples for the ninepoint path synthesis of four-bar linkages show the advantages and efficiency of the improved homotopy iteration method.展开更多
Discuss a class of real planar cubic systems with a critical point O (0,0) of nine orders and obtain the conditions for its limit cycle surrounding the origin, and prove that when small pertubations of coefficients ar...Discuss a class of real planar cubic systems with a critical point O (0,0) of nine orders and obtain the conditions for its limit cycle surrounding the origin, and prove that when small pertubations of coefficients are made, the critical point O (0,0) of nine orders is split into nine real simple critical points and the limit cycle surrounding the origin becomes the limit cycle containing nine critical points in its interior.展开更多
This paper presents a V-model of e-learning using the well-known Gagne nine steps for quality education. Our suggested model is based on our experience at the computer engineering departments at AL-Hussein Bin Talal U...This paper presents a V-model of e-learning using the well-known Gagne nine steps for quality education. Our suggested model is based on our experience at the computer engineering departments at AL-Hussein Bin Talal University, the University of Jordan and Albalqa Applied University. We applied the recommendations of the nine steps methodology to the e-learning environment. The V model suggested in this paper came up as a result of such application. Although this V model can be subject to some tuning and development in the future it proved to be highly efficient and easy to implement for the teacher and the student.展开更多
通用大语言模型(large language model,LLM)在数学古籍领域常因专业术语识别不准确、上下文关系理解偏差、知识推理不全和计算过程错误而产生严重的幻觉(hallucination)问题,包括事实性幻觉、忠实性幻觉和逻辑性幻觉。检索增强生成(retr...通用大语言模型(large language model,LLM)在数学古籍领域常因专业术语识别不准确、上下文关系理解偏差、知识推理不全和计算过程错误而产生严重的幻觉(hallucination)问题,包括事实性幻觉、忠实性幻觉和逻辑性幻觉。检索增强生成(retrieval-augmented generation,RAG)技术引入外部领域文本,目前是缓解大语言模型领域事实性幻觉的一种有效方法。然而RAG的检索内容存在噪声,且知识片段之间缺乏深层关联,使得RAG在缓解忠实性幻觉和逻辑性幻觉方面的能力较为有限。领域知识图谱(domain knowledge graph,DKG)具有将领域知识关联起来的能力,为此提出了DKG和RAG协同知识增强框架(collaborative knowledge augmentation between domain knowledge graph and retrieval-augmented generation,CogKAG),并构建数学古籍《九章算术》领域智能体。CogKAG框架智能体旨在通过检索DKG的结构化领域关联知识和利用RAG检索非结构化领域文本构建动态结构化综合上下文提示,增强LLM的上下文关系及逻辑推理计算能力,从而有效缓解其在数学古籍领域中的忠实性、逻辑性幻觉问题。实验结果证明,CogKAG框架智能体可以显著减轻LLM在数学古籍领域上的幻觉,从而提升在问答(question and answer,QA)任务上的性能。展开更多
文摘Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that Sea Nine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world（half-life between〈 1 day and 13.1 days）. Large-scale application of Sea Nine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of Sea Nine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. Considering that Sea Nine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by Sea Nine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population stability.Therefore, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, Sea Nine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of Sea Nine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.
基金The authors are grateful to the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Science(Nos.KZCX2-YW-216-1 and KSCX2-YW-G-073)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB833800-G)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(NSFC/RGC) Program(No. 40910093)Knowledge Innovation Program of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.LYQY200703) for financial support
文摘A new nine-membered lactone,cladospolide E（1）,was isolated from a culture broth of a marine fungus Cladosporium sp.F14. The structure of compound 1 was determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis,including 1D and 2D NMR data.
文摘A new algorithm called homotopy iteration method based on the homotopy function is studied and improved. By the improved homotopy iteration method, Polynomial systems with high Order and deficient can be solved fast and efficiently comparing to the original homotopy iteration method. Numerical examples for the ninepoint path synthesis of four-bar linkages show the advantages and efficiency of the improved homotopy iteration method.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province !(No .97JJN 70 )
文摘Discuss a class of real planar cubic systems with a critical point O (0,0) of nine orders and obtain the conditions for its limit cycle surrounding the origin, and prove that when small pertubations of coefficients are made, the critical point O (0,0) of nine orders is split into nine real simple critical points and the limit cycle surrounding the origin becomes the limit cycle containing nine critical points in its interior.
文摘This paper presents a V-model of e-learning using the well-known Gagne nine steps for quality education. Our suggested model is based on our experience at the computer engineering departments at AL-Hussein Bin Talal University, the University of Jordan and Albalqa Applied University. We applied the recommendations of the nine steps methodology to the e-learning environment. The V model suggested in this paper came up as a result of such application. Although this V model can be subject to some tuning and development in the future it proved to be highly efficient and easy to implement for the teacher and the student.
文摘通用大语言模型(large language model,LLM)在数学古籍领域常因专业术语识别不准确、上下文关系理解偏差、知识推理不全和计算过程错误而产生严重的幻觉(hallucination)问题,包括事实性幻觉、忠实性幻觉和逻辑性幻觉。检索增强生成(retrieval-augmented generation,RAG)技术引入外部领域文本,目前是缓解大语言模型领域事实性幻觉的一种有效方法。然而RAG的检索内容存在噪声,且知识片段之间缺乏深层关联,使得RAG在缓解忠实性幻觉和逻辑性幻觉方面的能力较为有限。领域知识图谱(domain knowledge graph,DKG)具有将领域知识关联起来的能力,为此提出了DKG和RAG协同知识增强框架(collaborative knowledge augmentation between domain knowledge graph and retrieval-augmented generation,CogKAG),并构建数学古籍《九章算术》领域智能体。CogKAG框架智能体旨在通过检索DKG的结构化领域关联知识和利用RAG检索非结构化领域文本构建动态结构化综合上下文提示,增强LLM的上下文关系及逻辑推理计算能力,从而有效缓解其在数学古籍领域中的忠实性、逻辑性幻觉问题。实验结果证明,CogKAG框架智能体可以显著减轻LLM在数学古籍领域上的幻觉,从而提升在问答(question and answer,QA)任务上的性能。
