This paper examines older driver＇s automotive trip （abbreviation： trip） characteristics which include trip frequency, trip length, destination distribution, and non- home-based （NHB） trips. A two-month experimen...This paper examines older driver＇s automotive trip （abbreviation： trip） characteristics which include trip frequency, trip length, destination distribution, and non- home-based （NHB） trips. A two-month experiment of 108 participants was carried out to collect GPS tracking data in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. To identify the effect of living area, a comparative analysis between older drivers and others is conducted in densely inhabited district （DID, i.e., urban） and other areas （non-DID, i.e., suburban, rural, etc）, separately. The present study found that there was no sig- nificant difference between the trip characteristics of older drivers and others who were living in DID. Thus, we suggest that the education of safety driving and the rec- ommendation of public transportation should be given to DID-living older drivers. However, the results of non-DID reflected that older drivers＇ trip frequency, trip length, destination, and NHB trips rate were shorter and lower than others＇. This implies that electric vehicles may be suit- able for promotion among older drivers in suburban and rural area. Furthermore, the regression analysis confirmed that ＂older driver＂ was a significant independent variable on trip frequency, trip length, and NHB trips, and there were interaction effects between ＂older driver＂ and ＂living areas＂ on all trip characteristics.展开更多
聚合的分布式能源可作为虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)在电力市场中提供辅助调频服务,来应对低碳经济下大规模可再生能源并网给电力系统稳定性带来的挑战。为了引导VPP参与调频辅助服务市场,对VPP所有者的经济激励尤为重要。研究...聚合的分布式能源可作为虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)在电力市场中提供辅助调频服务,来应对低碳经济下大规模可再生能源并网给电力系统稳定性带来的挑战。为了引导VPP参与调频辅助服务市场,对VPP所有者的经济激励尤为重要。研究了澳大利亚国家电力市场中调频辅助服务市场机制,针对配网侧聚合的住宅屋顶光伏和电池储能系统的VPP,以利润最大化为目标,提出了嵌入电池循环寿命模型的调频市场优化竞标策略和与风电合作的联合优化竞标策略。同时,根据讨价还价博弈理论,基于Nash–Harsanyi 讨价还价解提出了一种反映VPP真实价值的合作剩余分配策略。算例结果验证了所提模型和方法的有效性,研究成果为激发VPP潜在价值提供了一条途径。展开更多
基金partially supported by the Center of Innovation Program from Japan Science and Technology Agency, JST
文摘This paper examines older driver＇s automotive trip （abbreviation： trip） characteristics which include trip frequency, trip length, destination distribution, and non- home-based （NHB） trips. A two-month experiment of 108 participants was carried out to collect GPS tracking data in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. To identify the effect of living area, a comparative analysis between older drivers and others is conducted in densely inhabited district （DID, i.e., urban） and other areas （non-DID, i.e., suburban, rural, etc）, separately. The present study found that there was no sig- nificant difference between the trip characteristics of older drivers and others who were living in DID. Thus, we suggest that the education of safety driving and the rec- ommendation of public transportation should be given to DID-living older drivers. However, the results of non-DID reflected that older drivers＇ trip frequency, trip length, destination, and NHB trips rate were shorter and lower than others＇. This implies that electric vehicles may be suit- able for promotion among older drivers in suburban and rural area. Furthermore, the regression analysis confirmed that ＂older driver＂ was a significant independent variable on trip frequency, trip length, and NHB trips, and there were interaction effects between ＂older driver＂ and ＂living areas＂ on all trip characteristics.
文摘聚合的分布式能源可作为虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)在电力市场中提供辅助调频服务,来应对低碳经济下大规模可再生能源并网给电力系统稳定性带来的挑战。为了引导VPP参与调频辅助服务市场,对VPP所有者的经济激励尤为重要。研究了澳大利亚国家电力市场中调频辅助服务市场机制,针对配网侧聚合的住宅屋顶光伏和电池储能系统的VPP,以利润最大化为目标,提出了嵌入电池循环寿命模型的调频市场优化竞标策略和与风电合作的联合优化竞标策略。同时,根据讨价还价博弈理论,基于Nash–Harsanyi 讨价还价解提出了一种反映VPP真实价值的合作剩余分配策略。算例结果验证了所提模型和方法的有效性,研究成果为激发VPP潜在价值提供了一条途径。
