Background: Regulatory B cells(Bregs) is an indispensable element in inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation. As one of the microRNAs(miRNAs), mi R-29a-3p also inhibits translation by degrading the targe...Background: Regulatory B cells(Bregs) is an indispensable element in inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation. As one of the microRNAs(miRNAs), mi R-29a-3p also inhibits translation by degrading the target mRNA, and yet the relationship between Bregs and mi R-29a-3p has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of miR-29a-3p on the regulation of differentiation and immunosuppressive functions of memory Bregs(m Bregs) and ultimately provide potentially effective therapies in inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to determine the levels of Bregs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TaqMan low-density array miRNA assays were used to identify the expression of different miRNAs, electroporation transfection was used to induce mi R-29a-3p overexpression and knockdown, and dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the target gene of miR-29a-3p. Results: In patients experiencing acute rejection after liver transplantation, the proportions and immunosuppressive function of m Bregs in the circulating blood were significantly impaired. mi R-29a-3p was found to be a regulator of m Bregs differentiation. Inhibition of miR-29a-3p, which targeted nuclear factor of activated T cells 5(NFAT5), resulted in a conspicuous boost in the differentiation and immunosuppressive function of m Bregs. The inhibition of mi R-29a-3p in CD19~+ B cells was capable of raising the expression levels of NFAT5, thereby promoting B cells to differentiate into m Bregs. In addition, the observed enhancement of differentiation and immunosuppressive function of m Bregs upon mi R-29a-3p inhibition was abolished by the knockdown of NFAT5 in B cells. Conclusions: mi R-29a-3p was found to be a crucial regulator for m Bregs differentiation and immunosuppressive function. Silencing mi R-29a-3p could be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Shikonin is a natural remedy that is effective at treating diabetic wounds.NFAT5 is a potential therapeutic target for diabetes,and mitochondrial function is essen-tial for wound healing.However,the relatio...BACKGROUND Shikonin is a natural remedy that is effective at treating diabetic wounds.NFAT5 is a potential therapeutic target for diabetes,and mitochondrial function is essen-tial for wound healing.However,the relationship among Shikonin,NFAT5,and mitochondrial function has not been thoroughly studied.Here,we offer new per-spectives on the advantages of shikonin for managing diabetes.AIM To assess the therapeutic mechanism of shikonin in diabetic wounds,its rela-tionship with NFAT5,and its protection of mitochondrial function.METHODS Hypertonic cell and diabetic wound mouse models were established.NFAT5 expression was measured through western blotting and immunofluorescence,in vivo and in vitro.Mitochondrial function was evaluated using reactive oxygen species(ROS)detection and JC-1 and Calcein AM dyes.Mitochondrial structures were observed using transmission electron microscopy.The NFAT5/AMPK pathway was analyzed using a transfection vector and an inhibitor.The effect of shikonin on cells under hypertonic conditions via the NFAT5/AMPK pathway was assessed using western blotting.RESULTS Shikonin treatment preserved HaCaT cell viability,while significantly reducing cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels in a high-glucose environment(P<0.05).Additionally,shikonin maintained mitochondrial morphology,enhanced membrane potential,reduced membrane permeability,and decreased ROS levels in HaCaT cells under hyperosmolar stress.Furthermore,shikonin promoted wound healing in diabetic mice(P<0.05).Shikonin also inhibited NFAT5,in vivo and in vitro(P<0.05).Shikonin treatment reduced NFAT5 expression levels,subsequently inhibiting AMPK expression in vitro(P<0.05).Finally,shikonin inhibited several key downstream molecules of the NFAT5/AMPK pathway,including mammalian target of rapamycin,protein kinase B,nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells,and inducible nitric oxide synthase(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Shikonin protects mitochondria via the NFAT5/AMPK-related pathway and enhances wound healing in diabetes.展开更多
Hybridoma cells display an increase in antibody productivity following exposure to hypertonic conditions. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesize that the nuclear...Hybridoma cells display an increase in antibody productivity following exposure to hypertonic conditions. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesize that the nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 （NFAT5）/tonicity enhancer binding protein （TonEBP） functions to increase the antibody productivity of hybridoma cells. NFAT5 is an osmosensitive mammalian transcription factor. However, its ubiquitous expression in various organs that are not bathed in hypertonic milieu suggests that NFAT5 may also regulate cell growth and function under isotonic conditions. In this study, we examined the expression of NFAT5 in hybridoma cells by Western blot analysis, and found that it increased significantly in hypertonic medium. To further define the function of NFAT5 in hybridoma cells, RNA interference technique was used to downregulate the expression of NFAT5 in SGB-8 cells （a hybridoma cell line）. In isotonic medium, antibody productivity ofhybridoma cells was reduced by downregulation of NFAT5 while cell proliferation was not influenced. The results presented here demonstrate that NFAT5 not only plays an important role in osmotic stress response pathway in hybridoma cells but also is essential for optimal antibody productivity.展开更多
目的观察四君子汤含药血清对胃癌MGC803细胞活化T细胞核因子5(Nuclear factor of the activated T cell 5,NFAT5)及凋亡因子表达的影响,进一步探讨四君子汤抗肿瘤的作用机制。方法SD大鼠随机分为4组,依次为空白对照组(生理盐水等体积剂...目的观察四君子汤含药血清对胃癌MGC803细胞活化T细胞核因子5(Nuclear factor of the activated T cell 5,NFAT5)及凋亡因子表达的影响,进一步探讨四君子汤抗肿瘤的作用机制。方法SD大鼠随机分为4组,依次为空白对照组(生理盐水等体积剂量灌胃),四君子汤低剂量组(0.246 g·kg^(-1))、中剂量组(0.492 g·kg^(-1))和高剂量组(0.984 g·kg^(-1)),各组连续灌胃10 d,末次给药1.5 h后,行腹主动脉取血,收集血清,过滤后制备高、中、低剂量四君子汤含药血清。采用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)法检测各组MGC803细胞增殖水平,流式细胞术检测各组MGC803细胞凋亡率,Real-time PCR法检测各组MGC803细胞B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)及NFAT5 mRNA的表达。结果与空白对照组比较,四君子汤中、高剂量组含药血清在24、48、72 h均能降低细胞增殖能力(P<0.05),且48、72 h抑制效果更为显著。与空白对照组比较,四君子汤中、高剂量组含药血清细胞凋亡率升高(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,四君子汤低、中、高剂量组含药血清的Bcl-2 mRNA表达降低,四君子汤低、中、高剂量组含药血清的Caspase-3 mRNA表达升高,四君子汤中、高剂量组含药血清的NFAT5 mRNA表达降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中、高剂量四君子汤含药血清能够促进Caspase-3表达,抑制NFAT5 mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA的表达,抑制胃癌MGC803细胞增殖并促进其凋亡发生,发挥抗肿瘤作用。展开更多
目的探索活化T细胞核因子5(nuclear factor of activated T cells 5,NFAT5)在肝细胞癌中表达的临床意义及其对炎症相关因子白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)表达的调控作用。方法用...目的探索活化T细胞核因子5(nuclear factor of activated T cells 5,NFAT5)在肝细胞癌中表达的临床意义及其对炎症相关因子白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)表达的调控作用。方法用免疫组化检测76例肝癌患者组织及其癌旁组织标本中NFAT5的表达情况。将HuH-7细胞分为实验组和对照组,实验组细胞转染NFAT5-siRNA质粒,对照组细胞转染NC-siRNA质粒,荧光定量PCR检测各组细胞NFAT5 mRNA含量,蛋白质印迹法检测各组细胞的NFAT5、IL-6、TNF-α表达情况,CCK8检测各组细胞的增殖能力。结果肝癌患者组织NFAT5阳性率为81.58%(62/76),癌旁组织中表达率为6.58%(5/76),NFAT5在肝癌组织中的表达率显著高于癌旁组织,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。转染siRNA后,实验组和对照组HuH-7细胞中NFAT5 mRNA表达量分别为1.03±0.19和0.33±0.11,NFAT5蛋白表达量分别为0.94±0.14和0.26±0.07,IL-6表达量分别为1.09±0.16和0.49±0.10,TNF-α表达量分别为1.21±0.13和0.28±0.08,IL-6、TNF-α的表达显著下降(均P<0.05)。实验组和对照组HuH-7细胞CCK8实验120 h的吸光度分别为2.21±0.12和1.12±0.11,实验组细胞增殖能力明显下降(P<0.05)。结论NFAT5在肝细胞肝癌中表达明显升高,可能与肝癌的恶性程度相关;且NFAT5通过调控IL-6、TNF-α的表达影响肝细胞肝癌细胞的增殖能力。展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, are involved in many aspects of biological processes. Previous studies have indicated that mi RNAs are important for hair follicle development and growth. In our study, we fou...MicroRNAs(miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, are involved in many aspects of biological processes. Previous studies have indicated that mi RNAs are important for hair follicle development and growth. In our study, we found by q RT-PCR that miR-148 b was signi ficantly upregulated in sheep wool follicle bulbs in anagen phase compared with the telogen phase of the hair follicle cycle. Overexpression of miR-148 b promoted proliferation of both HHDPC and HHGMC. By using the TOPFlash system we demonstrated that miR-148 b could activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway and b-catenin, cyc D, c-jun and PPARD were consistently upregulated accordingly.Furthermore, transcript factor nuclear factor of activated T cells type 5(NFAT5) and Wnt10 b were predicted to be the target of mi R-148 b and this was substantiated using a Dual-Luciferase reporter system. Subsequently NFAT5 was further identi fied as the target of mi R-148 b using western blotting. These results were considered to indicate that mi R-148 b could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway by targeting NFAT5 to promote the proliferation of human hair follicle cells.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070676)Jiangsu Provincial Medi-cal Innovation Center (CXZX202203)Jiangsu Provincial Medi-cal Key Laboratory (ZDXYS202201)。
文摘Background: Regulatory B cells(Bregs) is an indispensable element in inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation. As one of the microRNAs(miRNAs), mi R-29a-3p also inhibits translation by degrading the target mRNA, and yet the relationship between Bregs and mi R-29a-3p has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of miR-29a-3p on the regulation of differentiation and immunosuppressive functions of memory Bregs(m Bregs) and ultimately provide potentially effective therapies in inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to determine the levels of Bregs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TaqMan low-density array miRNA assays were used to identify the expression of different miRNAs, electroporation transfection was used to induce mi R-29a-3p overexpression and knockdown, and dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the target gene of miR-29a-3p. Results: In patients experiencing acute rejection after liver transplantation, the proportions and immunosuppressive function of m Bregs in the circulating blood were significantly impaired. mi R-29a-3p was found to be a regulator of m Bregs differentiation. Inhibition of miR-29a-3p, which targeted nuclear factor of activated T cells 5(NFAT5), resulted in a conspicuous boost in the differentiation and immunosuppressive function of m Bregs. The inhibition of mi R-29a-3p in CD19~+ B cells was capable of raising the expression levels of NFAT5, thereby promoting B cells to differentiate into m Bregs. In addition, the observed enhancement of differentiation and immunosuppressive function of m Bregs upon mi R-29a-3p inhibition was abolished by the knockdown of NFAT5 in B cells. Conclusions: mi R-29a-3p was found to be a crucial regulator for m Bregs differentiation and immunosuppressive function. Silencing mi R-29a-3p could be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82104862Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.LTY22E030003Scientific Research Project Foundation of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,No.2023FSYYZZ01.
文摘BACKGROUND Shikonin is a natural remedy that is effective at treating diabetic wounds.NFAT5 is a potential therapeutic target for diabetes,and mitochondrial function is essen-tial for wound healing.However,the relationship among Shikonin,NFAT5,and mitochondrial function has not been thoroughly studied.Here,we offer new per-spectives on the advantages of shikonin for managing diabetes.AIM To assess the therapeutic mechanism of shikonin in diabetic wounds,its rela-tionship with NFAT5,and its protection of mitochondrial function.METHODS Hypertonic cell and diabetic wound mouse models were established.NFAT5 expression was measured through western blotting and immunofluorescence,in vivo and in vitro.Mitochondrial function was evaluated using reactive oxygen species(ROS)detection and JC-1 and Calcein AM dyes.Mitochondrial structures were observed using transmission electron microscopy.The NFAT5/AMPK pathway was analyzed using a transfection vector and an inhibitor.The effect of shikonin on cells under hypertonic conditions via the NFAT5/AMPK pathway was assessed using western blotting.RESULTS Shikonin treatment preserved HaCaT cell viability,while significantly reducing cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels in a high-glucose environment(P<0.05).Additionally,shikonin maintained mitochondrial morphology,enhanced membrane potential,reduced membrane permeability,and decreased ROS levels in HaCaT cells under hyperosmolar stress.Furthermore,shikonin promoted wound healing in diabetic mice(P<0.05).Shikonin also inhibited NFAT5,in vivo and in vitro(P<0.05).Shikonin treatment reduced NFAT5 expression levels,subsequently inhibiting AMPK expression in vitro(P<0.05).Finally,shikonin inhibited several key downstream molecules of the NFAT5/AMPK pathway,including mammalian target of rapamycin,protein kinase B,nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells,and inducible nitric oxide synthase(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Shikonin protects mitochondria via the NFAT5/AMPK-related pathway and enhances wound healing in diabetes.
文摘Hybridoma cells display an increase in antibody productivity following exposure to hypertonic conditions. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesize that the nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 （NFAT5）/tonicity enhancer binding protein （TonEBP） functions to increase the antibody productivity of hybridoma cells. NFAT5 is an osmosensitive mammalian transcription factor. However, its ubiquitous expression in various organs that are not bathed in hypertonic milieu suggests that NFAT5 may also regulate cell growth and function under isotonic conditions. In this study, we examined the expression of NFAT5 in hybridoma cells by Western blot analysis, and found that it increased significantly in hypertonic medium. To further define the function of NFAT5 in hybridoma cells, RNA interference technique was used to downregulate the expression of NFAT5 in SGB-8 cells （a hybridoma cell line）. In isotonic medium, antibody productivity ofhybridoma cells was reduced by downregulation of NFAT5 while cell proliferation was not influenced. The results presented here demonstrate that NFAT5 not only plays an important role in osmotic stress response pathway in hybridoma cells but also is essential for optimal antibody productivity.
基金supported by grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2013AA102506)Regional Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360534)
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, are involved in many aspects of biological processes. Previous studies have indicated that mi RNAs are important for hair follicle development and growth. In our study, we found by q RT-PCR that miR-148 b was signi ficantly upregulated in sheep wool follicle bulbs in anagen phase compared with the telogen phase of the hair follicle cycle. Overexpression of miR-148 b promoted proliferation of both HHDPC and HHGMC. By using the TOPFlash system we demonstrated that miR-148 b could activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway and b-catenin, cyc D, c-jun and PPARD were consistently upregulated accordingly.Furthermore, transcript factor nuclear factor of activated T cells type 5(NFAT5) and Wnt10 b were predicted to be the target of mi R-148 b and this was substantiated using a Dual-Luciferase reporter system. Subsequently NFAT5 was further identi fied as the target of mi R-148 b using western blotting. These results were considered to indicate that mi R-148 b could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway by targeting NFAT5 to promote the proliferation of human hair follicle cells.
