The precise measurement of the antineutrino spectra produced by isotope fission in reactors is of great significance for studying neutrino oscillations,refining nuclear databases,and addressing the reactor antineutrin...The precise measurement of the antineutrino spectra produced by isotope fission in reactors is of great significance for studying neutrino oscillations,refining nuclear databases,and addressing the reactor antineutrino anomaly.In this paper,we report a method that utilizes a feedforward neural network(FNN)model to decompose the prompt energy spectrum observed in a short-baseline reactor neutrino experiment and extract the antineutrino spectra produced by the fission of major isotopes such as^(235)U,^(238)U,^(239)Pu,and^(241)Pu in the nuclear reactor.We present two training strategies for the model and compare them with the traditional X^(2) minimization method by applying them to the same set of pseudo-data corresponding to a total exposure of(2.9×5×1800)GW_(th)·tons·days.The results show that the FNN model not only converges faster and better during the fitting process but also achieves relative errors of less than 1%in the 2−8 MeV range in the extracted spectra,outperforming the X^(2) minimization method.The feasibility and superiority of this method were validated in the study.展开更多
Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the Universe,and thus cosmological observations can be used to detect them.Future gravitational-wave(GW)observations can precisely measure absolute cosmological distanc...Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the Universe,and thus cosmological observations can be used to detect them.Future gravitational-wave(GW)observations can precisely measure absolute cosmological distances,helping to break parameter degeneracies generated by traditional cosmological observations.This advancement can lead to much tighter constraints on sterile neutrino parameters.This work provides a preliminary forecast for detecting sterile neutrinos using third-generation GW detectors in combination with future shortγ-ray burst observations from a THESEUS-like telescope,an approach not previously explored in the literature.Both massless and massive sterile neutrinos are considered within theΛCDM cosmology.We find that using GW data can greatly enhance the detection capability for massless sterile neutrinos,reaching 3σlevel.For massive sterile neutrinos,GW data can also greatly assist in improving the parameter constraints,but it seems that effective detection is still not feasible.展开更多
The presence of background classical sources affects quantum field theory significantly in different ways.Neutrino oscillation is a phenomenon that confirms that neutrinos are massive fermions in nature,a celebrated r...The presence of background classical sources affects quantum field theory significantly in different ways.Neutrino oscillation is a phenomenon that confirms that neutrinos are massive fermions in nature,a celebrated result in modern physics.Neutrino oscillation plays an important role in many astrophysical observations.However,the interactions between the background classical sources with neutrinos are not often considered.In the present article,we show the effect of some classical sources,namely matter currents,electromagnetic waves,torsion,and gravitational waves on neutrino oscillation.It is shown explicitly that the above sources can change the helicity state of neutrinos during neutrino oscillation.展开更多
It is the current belief of the Physics Community that neutrinos are bereft of Charge because of Conservation of Charge in decay processes such as Beta Decay and are point particles with no physical size or shape. It ...It is the current belief of the Physics Community that neutrinos are bereft of Charge because of Conservation of Charge in decay processes such as Beta Decay and are point particles with no physical size or shape. It is the purpose of this paper to calculate the charges and the size of the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino, and the tau neutrino based on data available of their rest masses using the charges and rest masses of the electron, muon, and tau leptons from the Standard Model of Particle Physics Table. We base our calculations on the premise that Energy can create both Mass and Charge. Charge by itself is not conserved in any process that produces neutrinos. Only Total Energy is conserved.展开更多
We conjecture the existence of massless neutrinos that are in the line of Standard Model (unable to account for the neutrino mass) but have characteristics that are not accounted for the Standard Model: they use a sho...We conjecture the existence of massless neutrinos that are in the line of Standard Model (unable to account for the neutrino mass) but have characteristics that are not accounted for the Standard Model: they use a shorter radial path than the photon and possess bosonic flavors, considered like bosons instead of fermions. We call this theory “neutrino temporal oscillation”. Faced with some experimental comparisons solar neutrinos, neutrinos from SN 1987A, cosmological neutrinos, the theory gives better results, explanations and sense than the complicated theory of neutrino oscillations (transformism). The deficit of detection of solar neutrinos would have been blindly attributed to the “neutrino oscillation” by physicists who quickly concluded that the neutrino and the photon follow the same transverse path. The “OPERA” experiment which measured the speed of neutrinos in 2011 resulted, after a “superluminal” saga, in neutrino speeds consistent with the speed of light, in data that the three existing types of neutrinos cannot explain, with the final outcome of a fourth “sterile” neutrino with non-standard interaction. OPERA findings aren’t just in conflict with existing theory, but other measurements as well. For example, a study from the Kamiokande II experiment in Japan of the supernova SN1987A found that light and neutrinos that departed this exploded star arrived at Earth within hours of each other. Even though measurements of the neutrinos emitted by this supernova strongly suggest that their speeds differ from light by less than one part in a billion, the fact remains that two types of data were collected, and that only one was retained to be consistent with the existing theory. Thus, the OPERA observation is in conflicts with the result of SN1987A, which itself is highly doubtful. And what about the neutrinos and antineutrinos born during the big bang, except that they were never detected and there is nothing to indicate that their speed could be other than that of light. Neutrino physics seems sick, belief is transformed into evidence. The theory of “Neutrino temporal oscillation” shows hint that massless neutrinos can take a shortcut through the three spatial dimensions of the space-time that we know. It represents within the Standard Model an open window on a “new physics” that has a connection with physical reality.展开更多
The current magma formation theory has many shortcomings and is unable to address issues such as the origin of granites and the source of oceanic seamount magmas, and its evolution is ambiguous. Here, based on the lat...The current magma formation theory has many shortcomings and is unable to address issues such as the origin of granites and the source of oceanic seamount magmas, and its evolution is ambiguous. Here, based on the latest results of neutrino oscillation-induced radioactive decay research, we analyze the effects of matter in atmospheric neutrino oscillation on the radioactive nuclei in the Earth’s interior, as well as the thermal effect caused by this influence, and we propose a new mechanism for the formation of magma. We show that atmospheric neutrinos are able to form a resonance with matter in the Earth as they propagate inside the Earth (i.e., Mikhev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein resonance). This resonance is a collective interaction between atmospheric neutrinos and matter in the Earth, which strongly affects the probability of flavor transitions of atmospheric neutrinos and also influences unstable radioactive nuclei inside the Earth. It stimulates the radioactive nuclei to enter the excited state, increases their decay probability, releases more thermal energy, provides energy for magma formation, extraction, transport, and evolution, and promotes the formation of a low-velocity layer at the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary.展开更多
Reliable observations find only three neutrino mass eigenstates, oscillating between each other as neutrinos travel through space, and limit the sum of the three neutrino masses. At a minimum, any reliable description...Reliable observations find only three neutrino mass eigenstates, oscillating between each other as neutrinos travel through space, and limit the sum of the three neutrino masses. At a minimum, any reliable description of neutrinos must allow only three neutrino mass eigenstates and predict a neutrino mass sum consistent with observations. This paper describes neutrinos as spheres, with radius one quarter of their Compton wavelength and thickness of the Planck length, surrounding a central core along their rotation axis, with diameter of the Planck length. This description of neutrinos as excitations of the vacuum energy allows only three neutrino mass eigenstates and predicts a neutrino mass sum consistent with observations.展开更多
The overabundance of the red and massive candidate galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)implies efficient structure formation or large star formation efficiency at high redshift z~10.In the scenari...The overabundance of the red and massive candidate galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)implies efficient structure formation or large star formation efficiency at high redshift z~10.In the scenario of a low or moderate star formation efficiency,because massive neutrinos tend to suppress the growth of structure of the universe,the JWST observation tightens the upper bound of the neutrino masses.Assuming A cold dark matter cosmology and a star formation efficiency∈[0.05,0.3](flat prior),we perform joint analyses of Planck+JWST and Planck+BAO+JWST,and obtain improved constraints∑m_(ν)<0.196 eV and ∑m_(ν)+<0.111 eV at 95% confidence level,respectively.Based on the above assumptions,the inverted mass ordering,which implies ∑m_(ν)≥0.1 eV,is excluded by Planck+BAO+JWST at 92.7% confidence level.展开更多
The reconstruction of muon energies is crucial for the data analysis of neutrino experiments using large water Cherenkov detectors,but the resolution for muon energy reconstruction using traditional methods is poor.He...The reconstruction of muon energies is crucial for the data analysis of neutrino experiments using large water Cherenkov detectors,but the resolution for muon energy reconstruction using traditional methods is poor.Here,we propose a revised approach to remove noisy optical modules along the track produced by the propagation of muons through water.The number of photons on the optical modules is first corrected by the attenuation properties of light in water.Then the difference in time between the observed optical modules and the expected ones is determined based on the geometry of the triggered optical modules.Finally,the standard of correction is measured by the ratio of photon number before and after correction.Optical modules selection conditions were optimized according to these parameters,with most noisy optical modules successfully removed,improving the resolution of muon energy reconstruction.展开更多
In this paper, the submicroscopic deterministic concept developed by the author is applied to the problem of the neutrino mass. A particle appears from space considered as a mathematical lattice of primary topological...In this paper, the submicroscopic deterministic concept developed by the author is applied to the problem of the neutrino mass. A particle appears from space considered as a mathematical lattice of primary topological balls, and induces a deformation coat in its surrounding. The principles of the interaction of particles with space and through space between themselves are considered in detail. The approach states that real quarks possess only an integer charge (±e) and when moving they periodically change to the monopole state (⇄g) and hence, canonical particles are dynamic dyons. A neutrino emerges as a squeezed quark when it is in a monopole state, or in other words, the quark monopole state (a bubble in the tessellattice) is transferred to the appropriate lepton monopole state (a speck in the tessellattice). The self-mass (a “rest” mass) for each neutrino flavour is calculated. The calculated value of the self-mass for the electron anti-neutrino is 1.22873978 × 10<sup>-36</sup> kg = 0.68927247 eV/c<sup>2</sup>. The concept of neutrino oscillations is revised, and another postulation is proposed, namely, that the transition from lighter to heavier flavors is due to the inelastic scattering of neutrinos on oncoming scatterers. As a result, the neutrino captures the mass defect, becomes heavier, and therefore the transitions V<sub>e</sub>⟶V<sub>μ</sub> and V<sub>μ</sub>⟶V<sub>τ</sub> occur;thus, the number of light neutrinos decreases in the neutrino flux studied.展开更多
By using the standard PMNS (Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata) mixing matrix and applying the rule for the sum of the oscillation probabilities of three neutrinos, the equations of motion were derived in which the Dirac...By using the standard PMNS (Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata) mixing matrix and applying the rule for the sum of the oscillation probabilities of three neutrinos, the equations of motion were derived in which the Dirac CP violating phase appeared as an unknown quantity. The equations of motion were separately derived for each of the three possible transitions for flavor-neutrino oscillations. Two roots of those equations were obtained in the form of two formulas for the Dirac CP violating phase with opposite signs. In the mathematical sense, the connection between those formulas was established in order to maintain the continuous process of oscillation of three neutrinos. This made it possible to calculate the numerical value for the Dirac CP violating phase, the Jarlskog invariant and to write the general form of the PMNS mixing matrix in the final form in which all its elements are defined with explicit numerical values.展开更多
The paper deals with a study of the Schrödinger equation with an original approach. Recalling the well-known relation: p→iℏΔr. It considers this equation for which the kinetic factor is EKin=p22M=−ℏ22MΔr2. Mak...The paper deals with a study of the Schrödinger equation with an original approach. Recalling the well-known relation: p→iℏΔr. It considers this equation for which the kinetic factor is EKin=p22M=−ℏ22MΔr2. Making the kinetic factor EKin=−Δr2can be obtained if one defines a mass M=ℏ22, very small and close to the accepted mass of a neutrino νe. The Schrödinger equation reduces to: −Δr2ϕ(r)=Eϕ(r). The energy E is that given by Dirac (1927), (c being the light velocity), with his remark that two solutions exist E=±p2c2+M2c4. The body of this paper shows all solutions obtained when solving the simplified Schrödinger equation.展开更多
We study constraints on neutrino properties for a class of bi-large mixing See-Saw mass matrices with texture zeros and with the related Dirac neutrino mass matrix to be proportional to a diagonal matrix of the form d...We study constraints on neutrino properties for a class of bi-large mixing See-Saw mass matrices with texture zeros and with the related Dirac neutrino mass matrix to be proportional to a diagonal matrix of the form diag （e, 1, 1）. Texture zeros may occur in the light （class a）） or in the heavy （class b）） neutrino mass matrices. Each of these two classes has 5 different forms which can produce non-trivial three generation mixing with at least one texture zero. We tind that two types of texture zero mass matrices in both class a and class b can be consistent with present data on neutrino masses and mixing. None of the neutrinos can have zero masses and the lightest of the light neutrinos has a mass larger than about 0.046 eV for class a and 0.0027 eV for class b. In these models although the CK.M CP violating phase vanishes, the non-zero Majorana phases can exist and can play an important role in producing the observed baryon asymmetry in our universe through leptogenesis mechanism. The requirement of producing the observed baryon asymmetry can further distinguish different models and also restrict the See-Saw scale to be in the range of 10^12- 10^15 GeV. We also discuss RG effects on V^13.展开更多
In a novel parametrization of neutrino mixing and in the approximation of τ-lepton dominance, we show that the one-loop renormalization-group equations （RGEs） of Dirac neutrinos are different from those of Majorana...In a novel parametrization of neutrino mixing and in the approximation of τ-lepton dominance, we show that the one-loop renormalization-group equations （RGEs） of Dirac neutrinos are different from those of Majorana neutrinos even if two Majorana CP-violating phases vanish. As the latter can keep vanishing from the electroweak scale to the typical seesaw scale, it makes sense to distinguish between the RGE running effects of neutrino mixing parameters in Dirac and Majorana cases. The differences are found to be quite large in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with sizable tan β, provided the masses of three neutrinos are nearly degenerate or have an inverted hierarchy.展开更多
In this manuscript we discuss mass-varying neutrinos and propose their energy density to exceed that of baryonic and dark matter. We introduce cosmic Large Grains whose mass is about Planck mass, and their temperature...In this manuscript we discuss mass-varying neutrinos and propose their energy density to exceed that of baryonic and dark matter. We introduce cosmic Large Grains whose mass is about Planck mass, and their temperature is around 29 K. Large Grains are in fact Bose-Einstein condensates of proposed dineutrinos, and are responsible for the cosmic Far-Infrared Background (FIRB) radiation. The distribution of the energy density of all components of the World (protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles) is considered. We present an overview of the World- Universe Model (WUM) and pay particular attention to the self-consistent set of time-varying values of basic parameters of the World: the age and critical energy density;Newtonian parameter of gravitation and Hubble’s parameter;temperatures of the cosmic Microwave Background radiation and the peak of the cosmic FIRB radiation;Fermi coupling parameter and coupling parameters of the proposed Super-Weak and Extremely-Weak interactions. Additionally, WUM forecasts the masses of dark matter particles, axions, and neutrinos;proposes two fundamental parameters of the World: fine-structure constant α and the quantity Q which is the dimensionless value of the fifth coordinate, and three fundamental physical units: basic unit of momentum, energy density, and energy flux density. WUM suggests that all time-dependent parameters of the World are inter- connected and in fact dependent on Q. We recommend adding the quantity Q to the list of the CODATA-recommended values.展开更多
This paper aims at solving several open questions in current neutrino physics: the neutrino mass hierarchy, the Dirac CP violating phase, the absolute mass of neutrinos, the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana), th...This paper aims at solving several open questions in current neutrino physics: the neutrino mass hierarchy, the Dirac CP violating phase, the absolute mass of neutrinos, the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana), the Majorana matrix and the absolute value of the effective Majorana neutrino mass. In the research presented in this paper, we have shown that the precise definition of the mass splittings between neutrino mass eigenstates, done in the latest analysis of experimental data, can be of crucial importance for defining the nature of neutrino mass hierarchy. The Standard Model has three generations of fundamental matter particles. Three generations of the charged lepton mass show a hierarchical structure: m<sub>τ</sub> > m<sub>μ</sub> > m<sub>e</sub>. Owing to that, there is a belief and it is considered that neutrinos may follow such hierarchical structure. In our calculations, we have also included the latest data obtained, based on the processing of measurement results, which showed that even with such data, obtained results favor the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. As for the individual neutrino mass calculated in this paper, in today’s neutrino physics it is only known that neutrino mass scale is bounded only from above, and both the Dirac and the Majorana character of neutrinos are compatible with all observations. Among some of the questions resolved in this paper, which are related to the properties of neutrinos, a positive answer was also given to the question of whether light neutrinos are self-conjugate particles or not.展开更多
In this paper,following the Occam’s razor principle,we have put forward a very simple form of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix M_(D) in the minimal seesaw model with the right-handed neutrino mass matrix being diagonal...In this paper,following the Occam’s razor principle,we have put forward a very simple form of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix M_(D) in the minimal seesaw model with the right-handed neutrino mass matrix being diagonal M_(R)=diag(M_(1),M_(2));it has one texture zero and only contains three real parameters,whose values can be determined from the neutrino oscillation experimental results.Such a model leads to a neutrino mass matrix M_(v)≃-M_(D)M_(R)^(-1)M_(D)^(T)that obeys the TM1 and μ-τ reflection symmetries simultaneously.In this way all the lepton flavor mixing parameters except for θ_(13) are predicted;the value of θ_(12) is predicted by the TM1 symmetry,while those of θ_(23),δ,ρ and σ by the μ-τ reflection symmetry.And the neutrino masses are predicted to be of the NO case with m_(1)=0,for which all three light neutrino masses will be pinned down with the help of the experimental results for the neutrino mass squared differences.For these results,the effective Majorana neutrino mass∣(M_(ν))_(ee)∣that controls the rate of the neutrinoless double beta decay is predicted to be 1.6 or 3.8 meV in the case of σ=0 or π/2.We have also studied the implications of the model for leptogenesis.It turns out that only in the two-flavor leptogenesis regime(which holds in the temperature range 10^(9)-10^(12) GeV)can leptogenesis have a chance to be successful.And a successful leptogenesis can be achieved at M_(1)≃1.2×10^(11) GeV in the case of σ=π/2,but not in the case of σ=0.展开更多
Considering the mass splittings of three active neutrinos,we investigate how the properties of dark energy affect the cosmological constraints on the total neutrino mass∑mv using the latest cosmological observations....Considering the mass splittings of three active neutrinos,we investigate how the properties of dark energy affect the cosmological constraints on the total neutrino mass∑mv using the latest cosmological observations.In this paper,several typical dark energy models,including ACDM,wCDM,CPL,and HDE models,are discussed.In the analysis,we also consider the effects from the neutrino mass hierarchies,i.e.the degenerate hierarchy(DH),the normal hierarchy(NH),and the inverted hierarchy(IH).We employ the current cosmological observations to do the analysis,including the Planck 2018 temperature and polarization power spectra,the baryon acoustic oscillations(BAO),the type Ia supernovae(SNe),and the Hubble constant H0 measurement.In the ACDM+∑mv model,we obtain the upper limits of the neutrino mass∑mv<0.123 eV(DH),∑mv<0.156 eV(NH),and∑mv<0.185 eV(IH)at the 95%C.L.,using the Planck+BAO+SNe data combination.For the wCDM+∑mv model and the CPL+∑mv model,larger upper limits of∑mv are obtained compared to those of the ACDM+∑mv model.The most stringent constraint on the neutrino mass,∑mv<0.080 eV(DH),is derived in the HDE+∑mv model.In addition,we find that the inclusion of the local measurement of the Hubble constant in the data combination leads to tighter constraints on the total neutrino mass in all these dark energy models.展开更多
In this work,we investigate the constraints on the total neutrino mass in the scenario of vacuum energy interacting with cold dark matter(abbreviated as IACDM)by using the latest cosmological observations.We consider ...In this work,we investigate the constraints on the total neutrino mass in the scenario of vacuum energy interacting with cold dark matter(abbreviated as IACDM)by using the latest cosmological observations.We consider four typical interaction forms,i.e.Q=βHρde,Q=βHρc,Q=βH0ρde,and Q=βH0ρc,in the IACDM scenario.To avoid the large-scale instability problem in interacting dark energy models,we employ the extended parameterized post-Friedmann method for interacting dark energy to calculate the perturbation evolution of dark energy in these models.The observational data used in this work include the cosmic microwave background(CMB)measurements from the Planck 2018 data release,the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data,the type Ia supernovae(SN)observation(Pantheon compilation),and the 2019 local distance ladder measurement of the Hubble constant H0 from the Hubble Space Telescope.We find that,compared with those in the ACDM+∑mv model,the constrains on∑mv are looser in the four IACDM+∑mv models.When considering the three mass hierarchies of neutrinos,the constraints on∑mv are tightest in the degenerate hierarchy case and loosest in the inverted hierarchy case.In addition,in the four IACDM+∑mv models,the values of coupling parameterβare larger using the CMB+BAO+SN+H0 data combination than that using the CMB+BAO+SN data combination,andβ>0 is favored at more than 1σlevel when using CMB+BAO+SN+H0 data combination.The issue of the H0 tension is also discussed in this paper.We find that,compared with the ACDM+∑mv model,the H0 tension can be alleviated in the IACDM+∑mv model to some extent.展开更多
In this letter,we make an attempt to embed theμ–τreflection symmetry(which predicts maximal atmospherical mixing angle and Dirac CP phase)in the Friedberg-Lee neutrino model(which employs a translational flavor sym...In this letter,we make an attempt to embed theμ–τreflection symmetry(which predicts maximal atmospherical mixing angle and Dirac CP phase)in the Friedberg-Lee neutrino model(which employs a translational flavor symmetry and keeps one neutrino mass vanishing)and study the consequences of such a combination.展开更多
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M753715)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(Nos.24qnpy125 and 22lglj11)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023B1515120030).
文摘The precise measurement of the antineutrino spectra produced by isotope fission in reactors is of great significance for studying neutrino oscillations,refining nuclear databases,and addressing the reactor antineutrino anomaly.In this paper,we report a method that utilizes a feedforward neural network(FNN)model to decompose the prompt energy spectrum observed in a short-baseline reactor neutrino experiment and extract the antineutrino spectra produced by the fission of major isotopes such as^(235)U,^(238)U,^(239)Pu,and^(241)Pu in the nuclear reactor.We present two training strategies for the model and compare them with the traditional X^(2) minimization method by applying them to the same set of pseudo-data corresponding to a total exposure of(2.9×5×1800)GW_(th)·tons·days.The results show that the FNN model not only converges faster and better during the fitting process but also achieves relative errors of less than 1%in the 2−8 MeV range in the extracted spectra,outperforming the X^(2) minimization method.The feasibility and superiority of this method were validated in the study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12305069,11947022,12473001,11975072,11875102,and 11835009the National SKA Program of China under Grants Nos.2022SKA0110200 and 2022SKA0110203+1 种基金the Program of the Education Department of Liaoning Province under Grant No.JYTMS20231695the National 111 Project under Grant No.B16009。
文摘Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the Universe,and thus cosmological observations can be used to detect them.Future gravitational-wave(GW)observations can precisely measure absolute cosmological distances,helping to break parameter degeneracies generated by traditional cosmological observations.This advancement can lead to much tighter constraints on sterile neutrino parameters.This work provides a preliminary forecast for detecting sterile neutrinos using third-generation GW detectors in combination with future shortγ-ray burst observations from a THESEUS-like telescope,an approach not previously explored in the literature.Both massless and massive sterile neutrinos are considered within theΛCDM cosmology.We find that using GW data can greatly enhance the detection capability for massless sterile neutrinos,reaching 3σlevel.For massive sterile neutrinos,GW data can also greatly assist in improving the parameter constraints,but it seems that effective detection is still not feasible.
基金supported by the SERB-Core Research Grant(Project RD/0122-SERB000-044)。
文摘The presence of background classical sources affects quantum field theory significantly in different ways.Neutrino oscillation is a phenomenon that confirms that neutrinos are massive fermions in nature,a celebrated result in modern physics.Neutrino oscillation plays an important role in many astrophysical observations.However,the interactions between the background classical sources with neutrinos are not often considered.In the present article,we show the effect of some classical sources,namely matter currents,electromagnetic waves,torsion,and gravitational waves on neutrino oscillation.It is shown explicitly that the above sources can change the helicity state of neutrinos during neutrino oscillation.
文摘It is the current belief of the Physics Community that neutrinos are bereft of Charge because of Conservation of Charge in decay processes such as Beta Decay and are point particles with no physical size or shape. It is the purpose of this paper to calculate the charges and the size of the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino, and the tau neutrino based on data available of their rest masses using the charges and rest masses of the electron, muon, and tau leptons from the Standard Model of Particle Physics Table. We base our calculations on the premise that Energy can create both Mass and Charge. Charge by itself is not conserved in any process that produces neutrinos. Only Total Energy is conserved.
文摘We conjecture the existence of massless neutrinos that are in the line of Standard Model (unable to account for the neutrino mass) but have characteristics that are not accounted for the Standard Model: they use a shorter radial path than the photon and possess bosonic flavors, considered like bosons instead of fermions. We call this theory “neutrino temporal oscillation”. Faced with some experimental comparisons solar neutrinos, neutrinos from SN 1987A, cosmological neutrinos, the theory gives better results, explanations and sense than the complicated theory of neutrino oscillations (transformism). The deficit of detection of solar neutrinos would have been blindly attributed to the “neutrino oscillation” by physicists who quickly concluded that the neutrino and the photon follow the same transverse path. The “OPERA” experiment which measured the speed of neutrinos in 2011 resulted, after a “superluminal” saga, in neutrino speeds consistent with the speed of light, in data that the three existing types of neutrinos cannot explain, with the final outcome of a fourth “sterile” neutrino with non-standard interaction. OPERA findings aren’t just in conflict with existing theory, but other measurements as well. For example, a study from the Kamiokande II experiment in Japan of the supernova SN1987A found that light and neutrinos that departed this exploded star arrived at Earth within hours of each other. Even though measurements of the neutrinos emitted by this supernova strongly suggest that their speeds differ from light by less than one part in a billion, the fact remains that two types of data were collected, and that only one was retained to be consistent with the existing theory. Thus, the OPERA observation is in conflicts with the result of SN1987A, which itself is highly doubtful. And what about the neutrinos and antineutrinos born during the big bang, except that they were never detected and there is nothing to indicate that their speed could be other than that of light. Neutrino physics seems sick, belief is transformed into evidence. The theory of “Neutrino temporal oscillation” shows hint that massless neutrinos can take a shortcut through the three spatial dimensions of the space-time that we know. It represents within the Standard Model an open window on a “new physics” that has a connection with physical reality.
文摘The current magma formation theory has many shortcomings and is unable to address issues such as the origin of granites and the source of oceanic seamount magmas, and its evolution is ambiguous. Here, based on the latest results of neutrino oscillation-induced radioactive decay research, we analyze the effects of matter in atmospheric neutrino oscillation on the radioactive nuclei in the Earth’s interior, as well as the thermal effect caused by this influence, and we propose a new mechanism for the formation of magma. We show that atmospheric neutrinos are able to form a resonance with matter in the Earth as they propagate inside the Earth (i.e., Mikhev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein resonance). This resonance is a collective interaction between atmospheric neutrinos and matter in the Earth, which strongly affects the probability of flavor transitions of atmospheric neutrinos and also influences unstable radioactive nuclei inside the Earth. It stimulates the radioactive nuclei to enter the excited state, increases their decay probability, releases more thermal energy, provides energy for magma formation, extraction, transport, and evolution, and promotes the formation of a low-velocity layer at the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary.
文摘Reliable observations find only three neutrino mass eigenstates, oscillating between each other as neutrinos travel through space, and limit the sum of the three neutrino masses. At a minimum, any reliable description of neutrinos must allow only three neutrino mass eigenstates and predict a neutrino mass sum consistent with observations. This paper describes neutrinos as spheres, with radius one quarter of their Compton wavelength and thickness of the Planck length, surrounding a central core along their rotation axis, with diameter of the Planck length. This description of neutrinos as excitations of the vacuum energy allows only three neutrino mass eigenstates and predicts a neutrino mass sum consistent with observations.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China No.2020SKA0110402the National Natural Science Foundationof China(NSFC)under grant No.12073088the National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2020YFC2201600)。
文摘The overabundance of the red and massive candidate galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)implies efficient structure formation or large star formation efficiency at high redshift z~10.In the scenario of a low or moderate star formation efficiency,because massive neutrinos tend to suppress the growth of structure of the universe,the JWST observation tightens the upper bound of the neutrino masses.Assuming A cold dark matter cosmology and a star formation efficiency∈[0.05,0.3](flat prior),we perform joint analyses of Planck+JWST and Planck+BAO+JWST,and obtain improved constraints∑m_(ν)<0.196 eV and ∑m_(ν)+<0.111 eV at 95% confidence level,respectively.Based on the above assumptions,the inverted mass ordering,which implies ∑m_(ν)≥0.1 eV,is excluded by Planck+BAO+JWST at 92.7% confidence level.
基金supported by Institute of High Energy Physics (E25156U110)the Sichuan Department of Science and Technology (2023YFSY0014).
文摘The reconstruction of muon energies is crucial for the data analysis of neutrino experiments using large water Cherenkov detectors,but the resolution for muon energy reconstruction using traditional methods is poor.Here,we propose a revised approach to remove noisy optical modules along the track produced by the propagation of muons through water.The number of photons on the optical modules is first corrected by the attenuation properties of light in water.Then the difference in time between the observed optical modules and the expected ones is determined based on the geometry of the triggered optical modules.Finally,the standard of correction is measured by the ratio of photon number before and after correction.Optical modules selection conditions were optimized according to these parameters,with most noisy optical modules successfully removed,improving the resolution of muon energy reconstruction.
文摘In this paper, the submicroscopic deterministic concept developed by the author is applied to the problem of the neutrino mass. A particle appears from space considered as a mathematical lattice of primary topological balls, and induces a deformation coat in its surrounding. The principles of the interaction of particles with space and through space between themselves are considered in detail. The approach states that real quarks possess only an integer charge (±e) and when moving they periodically change to the monopole state (⇄g) and hence, canonical particles are dynamic dyons. A neutrino emerges as a squeezed quark when it is in a monopole state, or in other words, the quark monopole state (a bubble in the tessellattice) is transferred to the appropriate lepton monopole state (a speck in the tessellattice). The self-mass (a “rest” mass) for each neutrino flavour is calculated. The calculated value of the self-mass for the electron anti-neutrino is 1.22873978 × 10<sup>-36</sup> kg = 0.68927247 eV/c<sup>2</sup>. The concept of neutrino oscillations is revised, and another postulation is proposed, namely, that the transition from lighter to heavier flavors is due to the inelastic scattering of neutrinos on oncoming scatterers. As a result, the neutrino captures the mass defect, becomes heavier, and therefore the transitions V<sub>e</sub>⟶V<sub>μ</sub> and V<sub>μ</sub>⟶V<sub>τ</sub> occur;thus, the number of light neutrinos decreases in the neutrino flux studied.
文摘By using the standard PMNS (Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata) mixing matrix and applying the rule for the sum of the oscillation probabilities of three neutrinos, the equations of motion were derived in which the Dirac CP violating phase appeared as an unknown quantity. The equations of motion were separately derived for each of the three possible transitions for flavor-neutrino oscillations. Two roots of those equations were obtained in the form of two formulas for the Dirac CP violating phase with opposite signs. In the mathematical sense, the connection between those formulas was established in order to maintain the continuous process of oscillation of three neutrinos. This made it possible to calculate the numerical value for the Dirac CP violating phase, the Jarlskog invariant and to write the general form of the PMNS mixing matrix in the final form in which all its elements are defined with explicit numerical values.
文摘The paper deals with a study of the Schrödinger equation with an original approach. Recalling the well-known relation: p→iℏΔr. It considers this equation for which the kinetic factor is EKin=p22M=−ℏ22MΔr2. Making the kinetic factor EKin=−Δr2can be obtained if one defines a mass M=ℏ22, very small and close to the accepted mass of a neutrino νe. The Schrödinger equation reduces to: −Δr2ϕ(r)=Eϕ(r). The energy E is that given by Dirac (1927), (c being the light velocity), with his remark that two solutions exist E=±p2c2+M2c4. The body of this paper shows all solutions obtained when solving the simplified Schrödinger equation.
基金＊The project partly supported by the Special Scientific Research Foundation for Ph. D. Program of Universities of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘We study constraints on neutrino properties for a class of bi-large mixing See-Saw mass matrices with texture zeros and with the related Dirac neutrino mass matrix to be proportional to a diagonal matrix of the form diag （e, 1, 1）. Texture zeros may occur in the light （class a）） or in the heavy （class b）） neutrino mass matrices. Each of these two classes has 5 different forms which can produce non-trivial three generation mixing with at least one texture zero. We tind that two types of texture zero mass matrices in both class a and class b can be consistent with present data on neutrino masses and mixing. None of the neutrinos can have zero masses and the lightest of the light neutrinos has a mass larger than about 0.046 eV for class a and 0.0027 eV for class b. In these models although the CK.M CP violating phase vanishes, the non-zero Majorana phases can exist and can play an important role in producing the observed baryon asymmetry in our universe through leptogenesis mechanism. The requirement of producing the observed baryon asymmetry can further distinguish different models and also restrict the See-Saw scale to be in the range of 10^12- 10^15 GeV. We also discuss RG effects on V^13.
基金The project supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In a novel parametrization of neutrino mixing and in the approximation of τ-lepton dominance, we show that the one-loop renormalization-group equations （RGEs） of Dirac neutrinos are different from those of Majorana neutrinos even if two Majorana CP-violating phases vanish. As the latter can keep vanishing from the electroweak scale to the typical seesaw scale, it makes sense to distinguish between the RGE running effects of neutrino mixing parameters in Dirac and Majorana cases. The differences are found to be quite large in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with sizable tan β, provided the masses of three neutrinos are nearly degenerate or have an inverted hierarchy.
文摘In this manuscript we discuss mass-varying neutrinos and propose their energy density to exceed that of baryonic and dark matter. We introduce cosmic Large Grains whose mass is about Planck mass, and their temperature is around 29 K. Large Grains are in fact Bose-Einstein condensates of proposed dineutrinos, and are responsible for the cosmic Far-Infrared Background (FIRB) radiation. The distribution of the energy density of all components of the World (protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles) is considered. We present an overview of the World- Universe Model (WUM) and pay particular attention to the self-consistent set of time-varying values of basic parameters of the World: the age and critical energy density;Newtonian parameter of gravitation and Hubble’s parameter;temperatures of the cosmic Microwave Background radiation and the peak of the cosmic FIRB radiation;Fermi coupling parameter and coupling parameters of the proposed Super-Weak and Extremely-Weak interactions. Additionally, WUM forecasts the masses of dark matter particles, axions, and neutrinos;proposes two fundamental parameters of the World: fine-structure constant α and the quantity Q which is the dimensionless value of the fifth coordinate, and three fundamental physical units: basic unit of momentum, energy density, and energy flux density. WUM suggests that all time-dependent parameters of the World are inter- connected and in fact dependent on Q. We recommend adding the quantity Q to the list of the CODATA-recommended values.
文摘This paper aims at solving several open questions in current neutrino physics: the neutrino mass hierarchy, the Dirac CP violating phase, the absolute mass of neutrinos, the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana), the Majorana matrix and the absolute value of the effective Majorana neutrino mass. In the research presented in this paper, we have shown that the precise definition of the mass splittings between neutrino mass eigenstates, done in the latest analysis of experimental data, can be of crucial importance for defining the nature of neutrino mass hierarchy. The Standard Model has three generations of fundamental matter particles. Three generations of the charged lepton mass show a hierarchical structure: m<sub>τ</sub> > m<sub>μ</sub> > m<sub>e</sub>. Owing to that, there is a belief and it is considered that neutrinos may follow such hierarchical structure. In our calculations, we have also included the latest data obtained, based on the processing of measurement results, which showed that even with such data, obtained results favor the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. As for the individual neutrino mass calculated in this paper, in today’s neutrino physics it is only known that neutrino mass scale is bounded only from above, and both the Dirac and the Majorana character of neutrinos are compatible with all observations. Among some of the questions resolved in this paper, which are related to the properties of neutrinos, a positive answer was also given to the question of whether light neutrinos are self-conjugate particles or not.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11605081,12142507 and 12147214the Natural Science Foundation of the Liaoning Scientific Committee under Grant No.2022MS-314
文摘In this paper,following the Occam’s razor principle,we have put forward a very simple form of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix M_(D) in the minimal seesaw model with the right-handed neutrino mass matrix being diagonal M_(R)=diag(M_(1),M_(2));it has one texture zero and only contains three real parameters,whose values can be determined from the neutrino oscillation experimental results.Such a model leads to a neutrino mass matrix M_(v)≃-M_(D)M_(R)^(-1)M_(D)^(T)that obeys the TM1 and μ-τ reflection symmetries simultaneously.In this way all the lepton flavor mixing parameters except for θ_(13) are predicted;the value of θ_(12) is predicted by the TM1 symmetry,while those of θ_(23),δ,ρ and σ by the μ-τ reflection symmetry.And the neutrino masses are predicted to be of the NO case with m_(1)=0,for which all three light neutrino masses will be pinned down with the help of the experimental results for the neutrino mass squared differences.For these results,the effective Majorana neutrino mass∣(M_(ν))_(ee)∣that controls the rate of the neutrinoless double beta decay is predicted to be 1.6 or 3.8 meV in the case of σ=0 or π/2.We have also studied the implications of the model for leptogenesis.It turns out that only in the two-flavor leptogenesis regime(which holds in the temperature range 10^(9)-10^(12) GeV)can leptogenesis have a chance to be successful.And a successful leptogenesis can be achieved at M_(1)≃1.2×10^(11) GeV in the case of σ=π/2,but not in the case of σ=0.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975072,11875102,11835009,and 11690021)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC1905011)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2005030)the Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China(Grant No.W02070050)。
文摘Considering the mass splittings of three active neutrinos,we investigate how the properties of dark energy affect the cosmological constraints on the total neutrino mass∑mv using the latest cosmological observations.In this paper,several typical dark energy models,including ACDM,wCDM,CPL,and HDE models,are discussed.In the analysis,we also consider the effects from the neutrino mass hierarchies,i.e.the degenerate hierarchy(DH),the normal hierarchy(NH),and the inverted hierarchy(IH).We employ the current cosmological observations to do the analysis,including the Planck 2018 temperature and polarization power spectra,the baryon acoustic oscillations(BAO),the type Ia supernovae(SNe),and the Hubble constant H0 measurement.In the ACDM+∑mv model,we obtain the upper limits of the neutrino mass∑mv<0.123 eV(DH),∑mv<0.156 eV(NH),and∑mv<0.185 eV(IH)at the 95%C.L.,using the Planck+BAO+SNe data combination.For the wCDM+∑mv model and the CPL+∑mv model,larger upper limits of∑mv are obtained compared to those of the ACDM+∑mv model.The most stringent constraint on the neutrino mass,∑mv<0.080 eV(DH),is derived in the HDE+∑mv model.In addition,we find that the inclusion of the local measurement of the Hubble constant in the data combination leads to tighter constraints on the total neutrino mass in all these dark energy models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975072,11875102,11835009,and 11690021)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC1905011)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2005030)the Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China(W02070050)。
文摘In this work,we investigate the constraints on the total neutrino mass in the scenario of vacuum energy interacting with cold dark matter(abbreviated as IACDM)by using the latest cosmological observations.We consider four typical interaction forms,i.e.Q=βHρde,Q=βHρc,Q=βH0ρde,and Q=βH0ρc,in the IACDM scenario.To avoid the large-scale instability problem in interacting dark energy models,we employ the extended parameterized post-Friedmann method for interacting dark energy to calculate the perturbation evolution of dark energy in these models.The observational data used in this work include the cosmic microwave background(CMB)measurements from the Planck 2018 data release,the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data,the type Ia supernovae(SN)observation(Pantheon compilation),and the 2019 local distance ladder measurement of the Hubble constant H0 from the Hubble Space Telescope.We find that,compared with those in the ACDM+∑mv model,the constrains on∑mv are looser in the four IACDM+∑mv models.When considering the three mass hierarchies of neutrinos,the constraints on∑mv are tightest in the degenerate hierarchy case and loosest in the inverted hierarchy case.In addition,in the four IACDM+∑mv models,the values of coupling parameterβare larger using the CMB+BAO+SN+H0 data combination than that using the CMB+BAO+SN data combination,andβ>0 is favored at more than 1σlevel when using CMB+BAO+SN+H0 data combination.The issue of the H0 tension is also discussed in this paper.We find that,compared with the ACDM+∑mv model,the H0 tension can be alleviated in the IACDM+∑mv model to some extent.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos.11605081,12142507 and 12147214the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province under grant NO.2019-ZD-0473。
文摘In this letter,we make an attempt to embed theμ–τreflection symmetry(which predicts maximal atmospherical mixing angle and Dirac CP phase)in the Friedberg-Lee neutrino model(which employs a translational flavor symmetry and keeps one neutrino mass vanishing)and study the consequences of such a combination.
