The successful retrieval of ancient mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)from Neanderthals provides powerful experimental evidence that clarifies the arguments between the out-of-Africa and multiregional models of evolution.Howeve...The successful retrieval of ancient mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)from Neanderthals provides powerful experimental evidence that clarifies the arguments between the out-of-Africa and multiregional models of evolution.However,the lack of nuclear DNA from Neanderthal fossils and mtDNA of early modern human fossils dating back to approximately the same time in the Pleistocene constitutes a limitation that may compromise the significance of mtDNA phylogenetic analysis.In this report,we introduce a mitochromic analysis using Neanderthal mtDNA as a foreign transgene and humans as a naturally occurring transgenic species.Forty Neanderthal mtDNA retrievable nuclear fragments were identified by blasting human genome data with Neanderthal mtDNA.Five of the 40 fragments exhibited higher correlation with Neanderthal mtDNA than those with modern human mtDNA.Furthermore,these five nuclear fragments harbor Neanderthal mtDNA-unique haplotypes.Based on the 98%+identity between Neanderthal and modern human mtDNA when compared by groups,we suggest that some of the modern human nuclear fragments retrieved using Neanderthal mtDNA may aid in decoding Neanderthal genetic information,and also may simultaneously demonstrate a close genetic evolutionary relationship between modern humans and Neanderthals.展开更多
This article explores the speculative biopolitics,ecological aesthetics,and representational ethics of human deextinction as imagined in Tim Disney's 2019 film William,which portrays the resurrection of a Neandert...This article explores the speculative biopolitics,ecological aesthetics,and representational ethics of human deextinction as imagined in Tim Disney's 2019 film William,which portrays the resurrection of a Neanderthal child through genetic technology.While contemporary discourses on de-extinction often celebrate its potential to reverse biodiversity loss,William presents a more ambivalent vision—one that interrogates the emotional,ecological,and cultural consequences of resurrecting archaic hominins in the Anthropocene.Drawing on posthumanist theory,ecological aesthetics,and media analysis,this paper examines the film's visual and narrative construction of William's biological otherness and its broader implications for multispecies ethics.Special attention is given to the cultural portrayal of Neanderthals across visual media and how such representations shape public understandings of human evolution,identity,and archaeological knowledge.Ultimately,the article argues that William not only dramatizes the ethical dilemmas of species revival but also reflects deeper tensions in how science and media construct the boundaries of the human.展开更多
Upon the arrival of H.sapiens in Europe,the abundance and diversity of the mammalian carnivore community progressively diminished.The factors contributing to this increased human pressure and its potential association...Upon the arrival of H.sapiens in Europe,the abundance and diversity of the mammalian carnivore community progressively diminished.The factors contributing to this increased human pressure and its potential association with Neanderthal extinction remain unknown.This study identifies biotic and abiotic effects on the structure and assembly of the carnivore community at the European scale during Marine Isotope Stage 3 by integrating analyses of their geographic ranges,co-occurrence patterns,and generalized mixed models.Results show that during the replacement of Neanderthals by Homo sapiens,the ranges of carnivores and omnivores contracted and their co-occurrence frequency increased,leading to new intra-guild interaction dynamics.Additionally,H.sapiens occupied a larger portion of the carnivore community’s fundamental niche.Climate change,the demographic decline of keystone species,and the broader niche breadth of H.sapiens reduced the interconnectivity of the co-occurrence network within the mammalian carnivore community,shaping novel dynamics of human-carnivore interactions in Europe.展开更多
文摘The successful retrieval of ancient mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)from Neanderthals provides powerful experimental evidence that clarifies the arguments between the out-of-Africa and multiregional models of evolution.However,the lack of nuclear DNA from Neanderthal fossils and mtDNA of early modern human fossils dating back to approximately the same time in the Pleistocene constitutes a limitation that may compromise the significance of mtDNA phylogenetic analysis.In this report,we introduce a mitochromic analysis using Neanderthal mtDNA as a foreign transgene and humans as a naturally occurring transgenic species.Forty Neanderthal mtDNA retrievable nuclear fragments were identified by blasting human genome data with Neanderthal mtDNA.Five of the 40 fragments exhibited higher correlation with Neanderthal mtDNA than those with modern human mtDNA.Furthermore,these five nuclear fragments harbor Neanderthal mtDNA-unique haplotypes.Based on the 98%+identity between Neanderthal and modern human mtDNA when compared by groups,we suggest that some of the modern human nuclear fragments retrieved using Neanderthal mtDNA may aid in decoding Neanderthal genetic information,and also may simultaneously demonstrate a close genetic evolutionary relationship between modern humans and Neanderthals.
文摘This article explores the speculative biopolitics,ecological aesthetics,and representational ethics of human deextinction as imagined in Tim Disney's 2019 film William,which portrays the resurrection of a Neanderthal child through genetic technology.While contemporary discourses on de-extinction often celebrate its potential to reverse biodiversity loss,William presents a more ambivalent vision—one that interrogates the emotional,ecological,and cultural consequences of resurrecting archaic hominins in the Anthropocene.Drawing on posthumanist theory,ecological aesthetics,and media analysis,this paper examines the film's visual and narrative construction of William's biological otherness and its broader implications for multispecies ethics.Special attention is given to the cultural portrayal of Neanderthals across visual media and how such representations shape public understandings of human evolution,identity,and archaeological knowledge.Ultimately,the article argues that William not only dramatizes the ethical dilemmas of species revival but also reflects deeper tensions in how science and media construct the boundaries of the human.
基金supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme(818299,SUBSILIENCE project,https://www.subsilience.eu)and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research(Gr.10787,project Shifting the human role in ecosystems:impact biodiversity erosion on the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene human populations in northern Iberia)Marco Vidal-Cordasco benefited from a Juan de la Cierva Formación Grant(Ref.FJC2021-047601-I)。
文摘Upon the arrival of H.sapiens in Europe,the abundance and diversity of the mammalian carnivore community progressively diminished.The factors contributing to this increased human pressure and its potential association with Neanderthal extinction remain unknown.This study identifies biotic and abiotic effects on the structure and assembly of the carnivore community at the European scale during Marine Isotope Stage 3 by integrating analyses of their geographic ranges,co-occurrence patterns,and generalized mixed models.Results show that during the replacement of Neanderthals by Homo sapiens,the ranges of carnivores and omnivores contracted and their co-occurrence frequency increased,leading to new intra-guild interaction dynamics.Additionally,H.sapiens occupied a larger portion of the carnivore community’s fundamental niche.Climate change,the demographic decline of keystone species,and the broader niche breadth of H.sapiens reduced the interconnectivity of the co-occurrence network within the mammalian carnivore community,shaping novel dynamics of human-carnivore interactions in Europe.
