Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divide...Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divides the order of a group G.In this paper,some characterizations of G being p-solvable or p-supersolvable were obtained by analyzing the normal index of certain subgroups of G.These results can be viewed as local version of recent results in the literature.展开更多
Wild-land fires are a dynamic and destructive force in natural ecosystems. In recent decades, fire disturbances have increased concerns and awareness over significant economic loss and landscape change. The focus of t...Wild-land fires are a dynamic and destructive force in natural ecosystems. In recent decades, fire disturbances have increased concerns and awareness over significant economic loss and landscape change. The focus of this research was to study two northern California wild-land fires: Butte Humboldt Complex and Butte Lightning Complex of 2008 and assessment of vegetation recovery after the fires via ground based measurements and utilization of Landsat 5 imagery and analysis software to assess landscape change. Multi-temporal and burn severity dynamics and assessment through satellite imagery were used to visually ascertain levels of landscape change, under two temporal scales. Visual interpretation indicated noticeable levels of landscape change and relevant insight into the magnitude and impact of both wild-land fires. Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and delta NBR (DNBR) data allowed for quantitative analysis of burn severity levels. DNBR results indicate low severity and low re-growth for Butte Humboldt Complex “burned center” subplots. In contrast, DNBR values for Butte Lightning Complex “burned center” subplots indicated low-moderate burn severity levels.展开更多
In this study, the remote sensing is applied to the examination of the relationship between desertification and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the context of northern Shaanxi Province. This relations...In this study, the remote sensing is applied to the examination of the relationship between desertification and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the context of northern Shaanxi Province. This relationship is also examined using spatial analysis methods. A strong negative correlation is found in the largest area desert, indicating that the relationship between desert and NDVI is not a simple linear one and that the correlation coefficient between NDVI and vegetation abundance is significant. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was compared with other vegetation index-based methodologies. NDVI is a valuable first-cut indicator for such systems, although the analysis and interpretation of its relationship to desertification are complex and also based on the detailed analysis of its relationship to ecological zone, vegetation type and season. Conclusions thus made would help to upgrade the methodology as an effective tool for early-warning desertification in the northern Shaanxi Province where a drought is a recurring threat. This methodology includes the integration of NDVI with other socio-economic and bio-physical indicators in CIS, the complementation of desert area data with satellite data, and the analysis of the relationship between NDVI and specific climatic zones, for each season and vegetation type.展开更多
目的为探究大气污染物与植被生长状况之间的相互影响,方法基于美国国家航空航天局(national aeronautics and space adminidtration,NASA)提供的归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)与空气质量在线监测分析平...目的为探究大气污染物与植被生长状况之间的相互影响,方法基于美国国家航空航天局(national aeronautics and space adminidtration,NASA)提供的归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)与空气质量在线监测分析平台提供的空气质量指数(air quality index,AQI),采用Kriging插值、一元线性回归和相关性分析等方法,对黄河中下游地区的河南省、山东省、山西省、陕西省,海河流域的河北省和重要城市(北京市和天津市)的AQI与NDVI时空分布特征进行解释,并分析其相关性。结果结果表明:(1)2014—2016年,AQI年均值呈显著下降趋势,每年AQI数值冬季最高,春秋相对较低,夏季最低,且呈现明显的区域差异性,出现中间高两侧低的“中心-外围”结构;2017年后,夏季AQI反而高于春秋季的。(2)2014—2020年,NDVI波动上升,上升斜率为0.0041/a。总体上,NDVI上升的面积占研究区总面积的93.76%,且极显著和显著上升趋势的面积分别占16.32%和12.09%。结论黄河中下游地区和海河流域AQI与NDVI时空格局及相关分析结果可以为气候变化对环境的影响研究提供理论基础。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071092)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2025A1515012072)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(Grant No.2024AH051298)the Scientific Research Foundation of Bozhou University(Grant No.BYKQ202419).
文摘Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divides the order of a group G.In this paper,some characterizations of G being p-solvable or p-supersolvable were obtained by analyzing the normal index of certain subgroups of G.These results can be viewed as local version of recent results in the literature.
文摘Wild-land fires are a dynamic and destructive force in natural ecosystems. In recent decades, fire disturbances have increased concerns and awareness over significant economic loss and landscape change. The focus of this research was to study two northern California wild-land fires: Butte Humboldt Complex and Butte Lightning Complex of 2008 and assessment of vegetation recovery after the fires via ground based measurements and utilization of Landsat 5 imagery and analysis software to assess landscape change. Multi-temporal and burn severity dynamics and assessment through satellite imagery were used to visually ascertain levels of landscape change, under two temporal scales. Visual interpretation indicated noticeable levels of landscape change and relevant insight into the magnitude and impact of both wild-land fires. Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and delta NBR (DNBR) data allowed for quantitative analysis of burn severity levels. DNBR results indicate low severity and low re-growth for Butte Humboldt Complex “burned center” subplots. In contrast, DNBR values for Butte Lightning Complex “burned center” subplots indicated low-moderate burn severity levels.
文摘In this study, the remote sensing is applied to the examination of the relationship between desertification and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the context of northern Shaanxi Province. This relationship is also examined using spatial analysis methods. A strong negative correlation is found in the largest area desert, indicating that the relationship between desert and NDVI is not a simple linear one and that the correlation coefficient between NDVI and vegetation abundance is significant. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was compared with other vegetation index-based methodologies. NDVI is a valuable first-cut indicator for such systems, although the analysis and interpretation of its relationship to desertification are complex and also based on the detailed analysis of its relationship to ecological zone, vegetation type and season. Conclusions thus made would help to upgrade the methodology as an effective tool for early-warning desertification in the northern Shaanxi Province where a drought is a recurring threat. This methodology includes the integration of NDVI with other socio-economic and bio-physical indicators in CIS, the complementation of desert area data with satellite data, and the analysis of the relationship between NDVI and specific climatic zones, for each season and vegetation type.
文摘目的为探究大气污染物与植被生长状况之间的相互影响,方法基于美国国家航空航天局(national aeronautics and space adminidtration,NASA)提供的归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)与空气质量在线监测分析平台提供的空气质量指数(air quality index,AQI),采用Kriging插值、一元线性回归和相关性分析等方法,对黄河中下游地区的河南省、山东省、山西省、陕西省,海河流域的河北省和重要城市(北京市和天津市)的AQI与NDVI时空分布特征进行解释,并分析其相关性。结果结果表明:(1)2014—2016年,AQI年均值呈显著下降趋势,每年AQI数值冬季最高,春秋相对较低,夏季最低,且呈现明显的区域差异性,出现中间高两侧低的“中心-外围”结构;2017年后,夏季AQI反而高于春秋季的。(2)2014—2020年,NDVI波动上升,上升斜率为0.0041/a。总体上,NDVI上升的面积占研究区总面积的93.76%,且极显著和显著上升趋势的面积分别占16.32%和12.09%。结论黄河中下游地区和海河流域AQI与NDVI时空格局及相关分析结果可以为气候变化对环境的影响研究提供理论基础。
