Shortly after the celebration of twenty years of the narratology seminar at the CRAL(CNRS/EHESS)in Paris,Cao Danhong,professor of French language and literature at Nanjing University in China,conducted an interview wi...Shortly after the celebration of twenty years of the narratology seminar at the CRAL(CNRS/EHESS)in Paris,Cao Danhong,professor of French language and literature at Nanjing University in China,conducted an interview with John Pier,one of the organizers of the seminar at the CRAL and also one of the most active researchers in narratology.Based on the evolution of the Seminar's work over the past twenty years,John Pier briefly reviewed the achievements of Western narratology since its foundation,suggested reexamining its evolution by dividing it into three"generations",and reaffirmed its fundamental characteristics such as transborderality,transmediality,and transdisciplinarity.Also discussed were paths for the future development of narratology with an emphasis on comparative research,diachronic research,and historiography.展开更多
Since its publication in 1887,Arthur Conan Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet has become one of the most influential works in detective fiction worldwide,renowned for its innovative narrative techniques,compelling plot,and d...Since its publication in 1887,Arthur Conan Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet has become one of the most influential works in detective fiction worldwide,renowned for its innovative narrative techniques,compelling plot,and deep engagement with themes of justice and morality.The novel has seen 311 Chinese publications,among which two translations stand out:Xieluoke Qian Kaichan translated by Lin Shu and Wei Yi in late Qing dynasty in 1914 and Xuezi Yanjiu,transalted by Ding Zhonghu and Yuan Dihua in the Reform and Opening-up era in 1981.This study examines these two significant Chinese translations from a narrative theory perspective.Lin’s version employs classical allusions and imaginative language,frequently uses internal focalization to enhance reader involvement,incorporates rhetorical embellishments,and reinterprets speeches through adaptation to intensify emotional and plot dynamics.In contrast,Din’s translation adopts vernacular language complemented by explanatory notes to provide cultural context,maintains the original focalization patterns,favors direct translation of dialogues to preserve stylistic authenticity,and adheres closely to the linear narrative structure of the source text.This study not only describes the different translation strategies across two defining historical periods but also contributes to a deeper understanding of how narrative voice,cultural positioning,and reader engagement are negotiated in the translation of classic detective fiction.展开更多
I Stand Here Ironing is Tillie Olsen’s first novel of her back to writing after several years’silence.It reflects the real living condition of marginalized women through the description of a daughter by the mother’...I Stand Here Ironing is Tillie Olsen’s first novel of her back to writing after several years’silence.It reflects the real living condition of marginalized women through the description of a daughter by the mother’s memories.Based on Susan S.Lanser’s distinction of three modes of narrative voice in feminist narratology,this paper analyzes three narrative voices in this novel.Olsen employs multiple narrative voices in the novel in order to release the voice of the marginalized women in the silence,she destroys the male’s authority and constructs the discourse authority of silent,poor working-class women.展开更多
This paper makes a comparative study of three Chinese versions of George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-four by applying the theories and methodologies of literary stylistics and narratology.The study first scrutinizes the...This paper makes a comparative study of three Chinese versions of George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-four by applying the theories and methodologies of literary stylistics and narratology.The study first scrutinizes the distinctive stylistic features and narrative forms of the source text(ST)and then continues to examine whether these features and forms are successfully represented in the target text(TT).Moreover,it seeks to answer the questions of why“deceptive equivalence”occurs and how the“literariness”in the fiction can be retained and stylistic equivalence can be achieved in translation.展开更多
Based on an interdisciplinary integration of Wu Kun's theory of social information and narratological theory,this paper constructs the emerging cross-disciplinary field of social information narratology.By reveali...Based on an interdisciplinary integration of Wu Kun's theory of social information and narratological theory,this paper constructs the emerging cross-disciplinary field of social information narratology.By revealing the ontological isomorphism between the three states of information(informationinitself,information-for-itself,and regenerated information)and the three levels of narrative(story,discourse,and narration),the study demonstrates the deep-seated unity of the two theoretical systems at the levels of ontology,epistemology,and praxis.The findings indicate that the"unity of three qualities"of social information provides an ontological foundation for narrative practice,while the paradigmatic transformation of narratology directly responds to the historical demands of the philosophical revolution in information.Practical forms such as news narratology,Marxist philosophical narratology,and television media narratology substantiate the historical inevitability of this unity.Social information narratology not only reconstructs the theoretical framework of information communication but also reveals the essential laws governing the generative mechanism of"information-symbol-meaning,"thereby offering a new theoretical horizon for cultural production and social cognition in the digital age.展开更多
In Herzog,one of Saul Bellow’s most renowned works,the theme of the body plays a central and significant role,serving as a powerful symbol throughout the narrative.The text not only offers a detailed portrayal of the...In Herzog,one of Saul Bellow’s most renowned works,the theme of the body plays a central and significant role,serving as a powerful symbol throughout the narrative.The text not only offers a detailed portrayal of the protagonist,Herzog’s physicality,but it also delves into the bodies of various secondary characters,thereby enhancing the novel’s complexity.From the standpoint of corporeal narratology,this analysis draws primarily from Peter Brooks’s theory of body narrative dynamics to explore the intricate role that the body assumes within the storyline.By examining how the body is woven into the fabric of the narrative,the paper argues that its representation serves to carry profound meanings and implications.Through vivid and often sexualized portrayals of the body,Bellow constructs a phallocentric universe,in which Herzog’s own physical presence becomes a symbol of the uniformity between sexual desire,cognitive obsession,and voyeuristic tendencies,all of which serve to propel the narrative forward.Meanwhile,Madeleine’s body is strategically portrayed as a Medusa-like object of intense desire,symbolizing both Herzog’s deep yearning and his underlying fear of emasculation,effectively embodying his psychological anxieties.展开更多
The Ethical Turn is commonly supposed to have occurred around 1988.In that year,Wayne C.Booth published The Company We Keep,a book considered to be the first attempt to rehabilitate moral judgement in literary critics...The Ethical Turn is commonly supposed to have occurred around 1988.In that year,Wayne C.Booth published The Company We Keep,a book considered to be the first attempt to rehabilitate moral judgement in literary critics and theory.The Ethical Turn can have various consequences for literary theory and criticism.In this paper,I try to describe and examine some,mainly those that concern the possibility of an ethics-based narratology.Are the attempts to define it in the last thirty years satisfactory?What kind of description of narrative structures can they give us?Must an ethics-based narratology be focused on the notion of character?Can it deal with the notion of plot,with the problem of temporality?Should it be necessarily linked with one of the different schools of ethical philosophy?Do different philosophical tendencies lead us to different kinds of narratology?After discussing these questions,I propose some paths for future research in moral narratology.展开更多
Convergent journalism constitutes a systematic investigation into emergent journalistic forms,conceptual frameworks,and practices emerging within media convergence context,characterized by its inherent attributes of c...Convergent journalism constitutes a systematic investigation into emergent journalistic forms,conceptual frameworks,and practices emerging within media convergence context,characterized by its inherent attributes of convergence,datacentricity,and interactivity.Grounded in the theoretical discourse of digital narratology,this monograph crystallizes its analytical focus on the triadic conceptual constellation of"convergence""mediaticity"and"narrativity",By positioning""convergence"as the central problematique,it systematically constructs an epistemological framework for convergent journalistic narrative through three dimensions:narrative theory,narrative language,and narrative praxis,thereby elucidates the ontological foundations and operational logics intrinsic to contemporary journalism studies.展开更多
One of the significant features of The Human Stain is that it lays bare the reality of American society and censures the Anglo-Saxon or white discourse.What are equally important are the multiple narrative strategies ...One of the significant features of The Human Stain is that it lays bare the reality of American society and censures the Anglo-Saxon or white discourse.What are equally important are the multiple narrative strategies that Philip R oth employs in the novel.T his paper focuses mainly on the elaboration of such narrative strategies as mimesis and diegesis,complicated narrative time,shifting focalizations,and narration or non-narrative comments,so as to point out that these narrative strategies add colors to its( postmodern) artistic features,becoming an integral component of this novel.展开更多
William Faulkner(1897-1962)is usually regarded as one of the most important American novelist s of the 20th century,who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949.“A Rose for Emily”is one of Faulkner’s famou...William Faulkner(1897-1962)is usually regarded as one of the most important American novelist s of the 20th century,who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949.“A Rose for Emily”is one of Faulkner’s famous short stories which applies the conventions of Gothic fiction,and it has drawn the the attention of a large number of scholars and inspired their enthusiasm of interpretation owing to its use of many experimental techniques.This article attempts to analyze the narrative techniques of“A Rose for Emily”in terms of tense,mood and voice,three concepts introduced by Gerald Genette,a distinguished French critic of structuralist narratology in his Narrative Discourse(1980).展开更多
The greatest characteristic of Robert Frost's poetry is that complex and delicate subjects are embodied in narrative description which seems rather simple. Frost achieves a distinctive grace by combining unique st...The greatest characteristic of Robert Frost's poetry is that complex and delicate subjects are embodied in narrative description which seems rather simple. Frost achieves a distinctive grace by combining unique structure and profound meaning together. This thesis explores Robert Frost's"A Servant to Servants"from the point of view on narratology finds out the careful arrangement and unique perspective. The present study concludes that while this narrative poem appears to have a simple organization and to limit itself to colloquial language, at a deeper level it has careful arrangement and expresses profound meaning. While enjoying the poem's vivid narrate, the reader also comes to realize the truth that"A Servant to Servants".展开更多
As the most successful social website,Facebook is well received by people all over the world.The Social Network is a film about the establishment of the website and the story between the co-founders.The construction o...As the most successful social website,Facebook is well received by people all over the world.The Social Network is a film about the establishment of the website and the story between the co-founders.The construction of a film is based on the narrative content,presented by the narrative forms.Therefore,under the framework of narratology,this thesis attempts to analyze the success of the movie by illustrating how the director combines the hearings and the flashback memories skillfully and presents the characters' paradox and complicated inner world through anti-traditional,non-linear and intertextual narrative style.展开更多
Understanding that Homer＇s Odyssey （1998） has a feminine perspective, this paper intends to explore the Greek epic placing queen Penelope as the protagonist, observing, mainly, the narratological shifts in the stor...Understanding that Homer＇s Odyssey （1998） has a feminine perspective, this paper intends to explore the Greek epic placing queen Penelope as the protagonist, observing, mainly, the narratological shifts in the story grammar, duration and character elaboration. This study also uses Paul Ricoeur＇s The Rule of Metaphor （2008） to analyze the episode of the shroud in Homer＇s Odyssey. Ricoeur sees metaphor in three distinct levels： the level of lexis where he bases himself in the works of Aristotle; the level of phrase in which he recurs to the structuralist linguistician l^mile Benveniste; and the metaphor in the level of discourse, when Ricoeur himself devises an elaborate study of the figure of speech. Penelope＇s weaving can be understood as a representation of discourse and of the feminine. Such analogy transcends the stereotype she is often given and defines a new role for the character in the epic.展开更多
The Left Hand of Darkness （abbr. LHD） is composed by Ursula Le Guin as a ＂thought experiment＂ to explore the postgender world on the planet of Gethen. By eradication of sexual difference and embracing the biologic...The Left Hand of Darkness （abbr. LHD） is composed by Ursula Le Guin as a ＂thought experiment＂ to explore the postgender world on the planet of Gethen. By eradication of sexual difference and embracing the biological fluidity and psychological androgeny, dualism is deconstructed, and a postgender intersubjective space is reconstructed between Genly Ai and Estraven, interluded by cyborg myth and postgenderism culture narratives. Moreover, Le Guin suggests a possible transformation mode ofyin-yang cycle from psychoanalytic light and shadow.展开更多
Ever since Venuti put forward the concept of translator＇s invisibility in 1995, studies have been conducted on the discursive presence of translators in the translated texts. The translator, as the receiver of the so...Ever since Venuti put forward the concept of translator＇s invisibility in 1995, studies have been conducted on the discursive presence of translators in the translated texts. The translator, as the receiver of the source text and m the meantime the producer of the target text, is sure to leave his/her voice traceable in the translated texts throughout the whole translating process. This paper aims to present an overview of the conceptual development of the translator＇s voice in translation studies from different perspectives like narratology, stylistics, socio-narrative theory, speech-act theory etc.展开更多
The study of characters forms one of the major components in the field of narratology, characters are normally classified into round or flat, static or dynamic, two-dimensional or three-dimensional. This paper explore...The study of characters forms one of the major components in the field of narratology, characters are normally classified into round or flat, static or dynamic, two-dimensional or three-dimensional. This paper explores how a round character, which is typically created in long novels, exceptionally and well-roundedly produced in Maupassant＇s short story Moonlight, and thereby demonstrates his art of pens and why he was honored ＂master of short story writing＂.展开更多
This paper discusses about the significance of space in the expression of the main themes in Kafka＇s novel The Metamorphosis. By applying Bal＇s basic narratology concepts on space, 2 spatial elements are analyzed in...This paper discusses about the significance of space in the expression of the main themes in Kafka＇s novel The Metamorphosis. By applying Bal＇s basic narratology concepts on space, 2 spatial elements are analyzed in the paper： the contrast of inside and outside, as well as the ＂filling in＂ of space, both of which serve to express human beings＇ isolation and desertion in an indifferent society.展开更多
As an important technique involved in the novel writing,the focalization is studied in detail in Narratology.The paper is an attempt to analyze the arrangement of focalizations and their functions in Heart of Dartness...As an important technique involved in the novel writing,the focalization is studied in detail in Narratology.The paper is an attempt to analyze the arrangement of focalizations and their functions in Heart of Dartness according to Narratology.展开更多
文摘Shortly after the celebration of twenty years of the narratology seminar at the CRAL(CNRS/EHESS)in Paris,Cao Danhong,professor of French language and literature at Nanjing University in China,conducted an interview with John Pier,one of the organizers of the seminar at the CRAL and also one of the most active researchers in narratology.Based on the evolution of the Seminar's work over the past twenty years,John Pier briefly reviewed the achievements of Western narratology since its foundation,suggested reexamining its evolution by dividing it into three"generations",and reaffirmed its fundamental characteristics such as transborderality,transmediality,and transdisciplinarity.Also discussed were paths for the future development of narratology with an emphasis on comparative research,diachronic research,and historiography.
基金funded by 2025 Guangdong Provincial Project on Foreign Language Teaching Reform Research and Practice for Undergraduate Universities:Research on the AI-Assisted Teaching Model for Translation(grant number 25GWYB04).
文摘Since its publication in 1887,Arthur Conan Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet has become one of the most influential works in detective fiction worldwide,renowned for its innovative narrative techniques,compelling plot,and deep engagement with themes of justice and morality.The novel has seen 311 Chinese publications,among which two translations stand out:Xieluoke Qian Kaichan translated by Lin Shu and Wei Yi in late Qing dynasty in 1914 and Xuezi Yanjiu,transalted by Ding Zhonghu and Yuan Dihua in the Reform and Opening-up era in 1981.This study examines these two significant Chinese translations from a narrative theory perspective.Lin’s version employs classical allusions and imaginative language,frequently uses internal focalization to enhance reader involvement,incorporates rhetorical embellishments,and reinterprets speeches through adaptation to intensify emotional and plot dynamics.In contrast,Din’s translation adopts vernacular language complemented by explanatory notes to provide cultural context,maintains the original focalization patterns,favors direct translation of dialogues to preserve stylistic authenticity,and adheres closely to the linear narrative structure of the source text.This study not only describes the different translation strategies across two defining historical periods but also contributes to a deeper understanding of how narrative voice,cultural positioning,and reader engagement are negotiated in the translation of classic detective fiction.
文摘I Stand Here Ironing is Tillie Olsen’s first novel of her back to writing after several years’silence.It reflects the real living condition of marginalized women through the description of a daughter by the mother’s memories.Based on Susan S.Lanser’s distinction of three modes of narrative voice in feminist narratology,this paper analyzes three narrative voices in this novel.Olsen employs multiple narrative voices in the novel in order to release the voice of the marginalized women in the silence,she destroys the male’s authority and constructs the discourse authority of silent,poor working-class women.
文摘This paper makes a comparative study of three Chinese versions of George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-four by applying the theories and methodologies of literary stylistics and narratology.The study first scrutinizes the distinctive stylistic features and narrative forms of the source text(ST)and then continues to examine whether these features and forms are successfully represented in the target text(TT).Moreover,it seeks to answer the questions of why“deceptive equivalence”occurs and how the“literariness”in the fiction can be retained and stylistic equivalence can be achieved in translation.
基金the Jiangxi Provincial Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project in Higher Education"Research on Narrative Strategies of Jiangxi Ecological Culture Brands from the Perspective of Media Intelligence"(SZZX2402)the Education and Teaching Reform Research Project of East China University of Technology"The Application of the STS Education Concept in Ideological and Political Theory Courses for University Students from the Perspective of Science Education and Scientific Literacy"(DHJG-24-69)+1 种基金National Social Science Foundation(Western Region)Project"Study on the Practice of the Silk Road Spirit and Inter-civilizational Exchanges and Mutual Learning"(23XDJ021)the Jiangxi Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Key Research Base Project"Research on Media Narrative Strategies for the Information of Jiangxi's Eco-cultural Brand"(23ZXSKJD23).
文摘Based on an interdisciplinary integration of Wu Kun's theory of social information and narratological theory,this paper constructs the emerging cross-disciplinary field of social information narratology.By revealing the ontological isomorphism between the three states of information(informationinitself,information-for-itself,and regenerated information)and the three levels of narrative(story,discourse,and narration),the study demonstrates the deep-seated unity of the two theoretical systems at the levels of ontology,epistemology,and praxis.The findings indicate that the"unity of three qualities"of social information provides an ontological foundation for narrative practice,while the paradigmatic transformation of narratology directly responds to the historical demands of the philosophical revolution in information.Practical forms such as news narratology,Marxist philosophical narratology,and television media narratology substantiate the historical inevitability of this unity.Social information narratology not only reconstructs the theoretical framework of information communication but also reveals the essential laws governing the generative mechanism of"information-symbol-meaning,"thereby offering a new theoretical horizon for cultural production and social cognition in the digital age.
文摘In Herzog,one of Saul Bellow’s most renowned works,the theme of the body plays a central and significant role,serving as a powerful symbol throughout the narrative.The text not only offers a detailed portrayal of the protagonist,Herzog’s physicality,but it also delves into the bodies of various secondary characters,thereby enhancing the novel’s complexity.From the standpoint of corporeal narratology,this analysis draws primarily from Peter Brooks’s theory of body narrative dynamics to explore the intricate role that the body assumes within the storyline.By examining how the body is woven into the fabric of the narrative,the paper argues that its representation serves to carry profound meanings and implications.Through vivid and often sexualized portrayals of the body,Bellow constructs a phallocentric universe,in which Herzog’s own physical presence becomes a symbol of the uniformity between sexual desire,cognitive obsession,and voyeuristic tendencies,all of which serve to propel the narrative forward.Meanwhile,Madeleine’s body is strategically portrayed as a Medusa-like object of intense desire,symbolizing both Herzog’s deep yearning and his underlying fear of emasculation,effectively embodying his psychological anxieties.
文摘The Ethical Turn is commonly supposed to have occurred around 1988.In that year,Wayne C.Booth published The Company We Keep,a book considered to be the first attempt to rehabilitate moral judgement in literary critics and theory.The Ethical Turn can have various consequences for literary theory and criticism.In this paper,I try to describe and examine some,mainly those that concern the possibility of an ethics-based narratology.Are the attempts to define it in the last thirty years satisfactory?What kind of description of narrative structures can they give us?Must an ethics-based narratology be focused on the notion of character?Can it deal with the notion of plot,with the problem of temporality?Should it be necessarily linked with one of the different schools of ethical philosophy?Do different philosophical tendencies lead us to different kinds of narratology?After discussing these questions,I propose some paths for future research in moral narratology.
文摘Convergent journalism constitutes a systematic investigation into emergent journalistic forms,conceptual frameworks,and practices emerging within media convergence context,characterized by its inherent attributes of convergence,datacentricity,and interactivity.Grounded in the theoretical discourse of digital narratology,this monograph crystallizes its analytical focus on the triadic conceptual constellation of"convergence""mediaticity"and"narrativity",By positioning""convergence"as the central problematique,it systematically constructs an epistemological framework for convergent journalistic narrative through three dimensions:narrative theory,narrative language,and narrative praxis,thereby elucidates the ontological foundations and operational logics intrinsic to contemporary journalism studies.
文摘One of the significant features of The Human Stain is that it lays bare the reality of American society and censures the Anglo-Saxon or white discourse.What are equally important are the multiple narrative strategies that Philip R oth employs in the novel.T his paper focuses mainly on the elaboration of such narrative strategies as mimesis and diegesis,complicated narrative time,shifting focalizations,and narration or non-narrative comments,so as to point out that these narrative strategies add colors to its( postmodern) artistic features,becoming an integral component of this novel.
文摘William Faulkner(1897-1962)is usually regarded as one of the most important American novelist s of the 20th century,who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949.“A Rose for Emily”is one of Faulkner’s famous short stories which applies the conventions of Gothic fiction,and it has drawn the the attention of a large number of scholars and inspired their enthusiasm of interpretation owing to its use of many experimental techniques.This article attempts to analyze the narrative techniques of“A Rose for Emily”in terms of tense,mood and voice,three concepts introduced by Gerald Genette,a distinguished French critic of structuralist narratology in his Narrative Discourse(1980).
文摘The greatest characteristic of Robert Frost's poetry is that complex and delicate subjects are embodied in narrative description which seems rather simple. Frost achieves a distinctive grace by combining unique structure and profound meaning together. This thesis explores Robert Frost's"A Servant to Servants"from the point of view on narratology finds out the careful arrangement and unique perspective. The present study concludes that while this narrative poem appears to have a simple organization and to limit itself to colloquial language, at a deeper level it has careful arrangement and expresses profound meaning. While enjoying the poem's vivid narrate, the reader also comes to realize the truth that"A Servant to Servants".
文摘As the most successful social website,Facebook is well received by people all over the world.The Social Network is a film about the establishment of the website and the story between the co-founders.The construction of a film is based on the narrative content,presented by the narrative forms.Therefore,under the framework of narratology,this thesis attempts to analyze the success of the movie by illustrating how the director combines the hearings and the flashback memories skillfully and presents the characters' paradox and complicated inner world through anti-traditional,non-linear and intertextual narrative style.
文摘Understanding that Homer＇s Odyssey （1998） has a feminine perspective, this paper intends to explore the Greek epic placing queen Penelope as the protagonist, observing, mainly, the narratological shifts in the story grammar, duration and character elaboration. This study also uses Paul Ricoeur＇s The Rule of Metaphor （2008） to analyze the episode of the shroud in Homer＇s Odyssey. Ricoeur sees metaphor in three distinct levels： the level of lexis where he bases himself in the works of Aristotle; the level of phrase in which he recurs to the structuralist linguistician l^mile Benveniste; and the metaphor in the level of discourse, when Ricoeur himself devises an elaborate study of the figure of speech. Penelope＇s weaving can be understood as a representation of discourse and of the feminine. Such analogy transcends the stereotype she is often given and defines a new role for the character in the epic.
文摘The Left Hand of Darkness （abbr. LHD） is composed by Ursula Le Guin as a ＂thought experiment＂ to explore the postgender world on the planet of Gethen. By eradication of sexual difference and embracing the biological fluidity and psychological androgeny, dualism is deconstructed, and a postgender intersubjective space is reconstructed between Genly Ai and Estraven, interluded by cyborg myth and postgenderism culture narratives. Moreover, Le Guin suggests a possible transformation mode ofyin-yang cycle from psychoanalytic light and shadow.
文摘Ever since Venuti put forward the concept of translator＇s invisibility in 1995, studies have been conducted on the discursive presence of translators in the translated texts. The translator, as the receiver of the source text and m the meantime the producer of the target text, is sure to leave his/her voice traceable in the translated texts throughout the whole translating process. This paper aims to present an overview of the conceptual development of the translator＇s voice in translation studies from different perspectives like narratology, stylistics, socio-narrative theory, speech-act theory etc.
文摘The study of characters forms one of the major components in the field of narratology, characters are normally classified into round or flat, static or dynamic, two-dimensional or three-dimensional. This paper explores how a round character, which is typically created in long novels, exceptionally and well-roundedly produced in Maupassant＇s short story Moonlight, and thereby demonstrates his art of pens and why he was honored ＂master of short story writing＂.
文摘This paper discusses about the significance of space in the expression of the main themes in Kafka＇s novel The Metamorphosis. By applying Bal＇s basic narratology concepts on space, 2 spatial elements are analyzed in the paper： the contrast of inside and outside, as well as the ＂filling in＂ of space, both of which serve to express human beings＇ isolation and desertion in an indifferent society.
文摘As an important technique involved in the novel writing,the focalization is studied in detail in Narratology.The paper is an attempt to analyze the arrangement of focalizations and their functions in Heart of Dartness according to Narratology.
