Nitrogen narcosis is a neurological syndrome that manifests when humans or animals encounter hyperbaric nitrogen,resulting in a range of motor,emotional,and cognitive abnormalities.The anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)is...Nitrogen narcosis is a neurological syndrome that manifests when humans or animals encounter hyperbaric nitrogen,resulting in a range of motor,emotional,and cognitive abnormalities.The anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)is known for its significant involvement in regulating motivation,cognition,and action.However,its specific contribution to nitrogen narcosis-induced hyperlocomotion and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Here we report that exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen notably increased the locomotor activity of mice in a pressure-dependent manner.Concurrently,this exposure induced heightened activation among neurons in both the ACC and dorsal medial striatum(DMS).Notably,chemogenetic inhibition of ACC neurons effectively suppressed hyperlocomotion.Conversely,chemogenetic excitation lowered the hyperbaric pressure threshold required to induce hyperlocomotion.Moreover,both chemogenetic inhibition and genetic ablation of activity-dependent neurons within the ACC reduced the hyperlocomotion.Further investigation revealed that ACC neurons project to the DMS,and chemogenetic inhibition of ACC-DMS projections resulted in a reduction in hyperlocomotion.Finally,nitrogen narcosis led to an increase in local field potentials in the theta frequency band and a decrease in the alpha frequency band in both the ACC and DMS.These results collectively suggest that excitatory neurons within the ACC,along with their projections to the DMS,play a pivotal role in regulating the hyperlocomotion induced by exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen.展开更多
Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)plays a crucial role in the function of cells and organelles,involving various cellular physiological processes,including energy production,formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS...Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)plays a crucial role in the function of cells and organelles,involving various cellular physiological processes,including energy production,formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),unfolded protein stress,and cell survival.Currently,there is a lack of genetically encoded fluorescence indicators(GEVIs)for MMP.In our screening of various GEVIs for their potential monitoring MMP,the Accelerated Sensor of Action Potentials(ASAP)demonstrated optimal performance in targeting mitochondria and sensitivity to depolarization in multiple cell types.However,mitochondrial ASAPs also displayed sensitivity to ROS in cardiomyocytes.Therefore,two ASAP mutants resistant to ROS were generated.A double mutant ASAP3-ST exhibited the highest voltage sensitivity but weaker fluorescence.Overall,four GEVIs capable of targeting mitochondria were obtained and named mitochondrial potential indicators 1-4(MPI-1-4).In vivo,fiber photometry experiments utilizing MPI-2 revealed a mitochondrial depolarization during isoflurane-induced narcosis in the M2 cortex.展开更多
Introduction: The current recommendations for manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for incomplete abortion, although not different in terms of effectiveness of the anesthetic techniques of choice, have still shown some inad...Introduction: The current recommendations for manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for incomplete abortion, although not different in terms of effectiveness of the anesthetic techniques of choice, have still shown some inadequacies which have stimulated the search for an alternative technique which can be effective, such as microdose intrathecal spinal analgesia that can be recommended in limited resources environment. Aim: This work aims to contribute to the improvement of anesthetic techniques for incomplete abortion by MVA. Methodology: We conducted a prospective comparative study, type single blind non-inferiority randomized trial with an analytical aim. The study counted 2 parts: 1) Descriptive observational component (KET): Ketamine narcosis. 2) Experimental component, single-blind non-inferiority randomized clinical trial (RAS) microdose intrathecal spinal analgesia. Three hundred and twenty expected cases per randomized arms. Excel Software 2022, SPSS, Open Epi, and XL-SAT were used for data encoding and analysis. Results: A total of 322 cases were retained and analyzed: 1) 161 cases per randomized arm, the majority age group was between 18 - 50 years in the 2 groups and there was no correlation between the two. Protocols with the sociodemographic characteristics studied, ASA class, type of intervention, history of MVA, variation in heart rate, temperature, appearance of hypotension, cost of the anesthetic procedure and admission to intensive care. 2) Effectiveness of the RAS protocol: Judged easier by anesthetists at 99.38% compared to 93.79% for KET with significant difference (p = 0.0104), allows them to be more mobile during the procedure at 98.76 % against 68.32% with significant difference (p < 0.0001) and the overall assessment was in favor of the RAS protocol at a rate of 32.92% against 5.58% for the anesthetists, 90.68% for the patients and 100% for gynecologists who find it excellent compared to the KET protocol with significant difference (p < 0.0001). 3) Weaknesses of the KET protocol: unconsciousness in all patients during the procedure and provides more tachypnea (17.39%) compared to the RAS protocol with difference p = 0.0008, moderate hemorrhages (55.28%), severe (9.94%) with p = 0.0006, higher material cost with p = 0.0018, occurrence of vomiting (10.56%), delay in waking up (22.36%), post-MVA pain (21.74%), and a slight change in the modified Aldrete score at the 30th min post-MVA (70.19%) compared to RAS (81.61%) p = 0.0002. 4) No patient died during the study period in both protocols. Conclusion: Intrathecal spinal analgesia microdosed with bupivacaine 0.1% and Fentanyl 50 µg/cc according to the process used in this study, has proven its effectiveness compared to Ketamine narcosis, currently recommended and not different in terms of effectiveness from other anesthetic techniques recommended for MVA indicated for incomplete abortion and can therefore be recommended as the anesthetic practice of choice in this area in a resource-limited setting.展开更多
In learning and memory studies on honeybees （Apis mellifera）, cold-induced narcosis has been widely used to temporarily immobilize honeybees. In this study, we investigated the effects of cold narcosis on the associ...In learning and memory studies on honeybees （Apis mellifera）, cold-induced narcosis has been widely used to temporarily immobilize honeybees. In this study, we investigated the effects of cold narcosis on the associative memories in honeybees by using the proboscis extension response （PER） paradigm. Severe impairments in memory acquisition was found when cold narcosis was performed 30 rain, instead of 1 h before training. Locomotor activities were reduced when honeybees were tested 15 min, instead of 30 rain after cold narcosis. These results indicate that cold narcosis impairs locomotor activities, as well as memory acquisition in a time-dependent manner, but by comparison no such effects on memory retrieval have yet been observed.[0]展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The bispectral index (BIS) derived from the electroencephalogram is an ...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The bispectral index (BIS) derived from the electroencephalogram is an additional means of monitoring the depth of narcosis.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To compare the monitoring of the depth of narcosis by the BIS associated with clinical data versus standard monitoring at the University Hospital of Parakou in Benin in 2019.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was an observational study for descriptive and analytical purposes with prospective data collection, carried out in general surgery and intensive care unit for 4 months. The inclusion criteria were: an age ≥ 18 years, an ASA score ≤ 3, surgery under general anesthesia and informed consent of the patient. Two groups were formed: non-BIS group monitored by clinical parameters (PA, FC, FR, EtCO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and SpO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) only and BIS group monitored by bispectral index in addition to clinical parameters. Patients were seen 48 hours after the procedure.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">36 patients were collected. The mean age was 40.63 ± 16.77 years with a sex ratio of 3. ASA 1 patients represented 86.11% of the sample and ASA2 patients 13.89%. The average doses of Propofol were not significantly reduced in the BIS group (p = 0.555). On the other hand, the period of intraoperative recovery (p-value = 0.007) and the NVPO (p = 0.043;OR = 0.10;95% CI [0.01 - 0.97]) were significantly reduced by the use of BIS. One case of intraoperative memorization (2.78%) was however found in the BIS group.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The bispectral index makes it possible to significantly reduce the risk of intraoperative awakening and PONV, and not significantly reduce the consumption of Propofol.</span>展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030048,82271256,and 32171000)the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(22KJD340001)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211107)the Scientific Research Project of"226 Engineering"of Nantong Municipality(2020-9).
文摘Nitrogen narcosis is a neurological syndrome that manifests when humans or animals encounter hyperbaric nitrogen,resulting in a range of motor,emotional,and cognitive abnormalities.The anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)is known for its significant involvement in regulating motivation,cognition,and action.However,its specific contribution to nitrogen narcosis-induced hyperlocomotion and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Here we report that exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen notably increased the locomotor activity of mice in a pressure-dependent manner.Concurrently,this exposure induced heightened activation among neurons in both the ACC and dorsal medial striatum(DMS).Notably,chemogenetic inhibition of ACC neurons effectively suppressed hyperlocomotion.Conversely,chemogenetic excitation lowered the hyperbaric pressure threshold required to induce hyperlocomotion.Moreover,both chemogenetic inhibition and genetic ablation of activity-dependent neurons within the ACC reduced the hyperlocomotion.Further investigation revealed that ACC neurons project to the DMS,and chemogenetic inhibition of ACC-DMS projections resulted in a reduction in hyperlocomotion.Finally,nitrogen narcosis led to an increase in local field potentials in the theta frequency band and a decrease in the alpha frequency band in both the ACC and DMS.These results collectively suggest that excitatory neurons within the ACC,along with their projections to the DMS,play a pivotal role in regulating the hyperlocomotion induced by exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (NSF)of China:JSK (32071137 and 92054103)Funding for Scientific Research and Innovation Team of The First Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University:JSK (ZYCXTD2023014)。
文摘Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)plays a crucial role in the function of cells and organelles,involving various cellular physiological processes,including energy production,formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),unfolded protein stress,and cell survival.Currently,there is a lack of genetically encoded fluorescence indicators(GEVIs)for MMP.In our screening of various GEVIs for their potential monitoring MMP,the Accelerated Sensor of Action Potentials(ASAP)demonstrated optimal performance in targeting mitochondria and sensitivity to depolarization in multiple cell types.However,mitochondrial ASAPs also displayed sensitivity to ROS in cardiomyocytes.Therefore,two ASAP mutants resistant to ROS were generated.A double mutant ASAP3-ST exhibited the highest voltage sensitivity but weaker fluorescence.Overall,four GEVIs capable of targeting mitochondria were obtained and named mitochondrial potential indicators 1-4(MPI-1-4).In vivo,fiber photometry experiments utilizing MPI-2 revealed a mitochondrial depolarization during isoflurane-induced narcosis in the M2 cortex.
文摘Introduction: The current recommendations for manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for incomplete abortion, although not different in terms of effectiveness of the anesthetic techniques of choice, have still shown some inadequacies which have stimulated the search for an alternative technique which can be effective, such as microdose intrathecal spinal analgesia that can be recommended in limited resources environment. Aim: This work aims to contribute to the improvement of anesthetic techniques for incomplete abortion by MVA. Methodology: We conducted a prospective comparative study, type single blind non-inferiority randomized trial with an analytical aim. The study counted 2 parts: 1) Descriptive observational component (KET): Ketamine narcosis. 2) Experimental component, single-blind non-inferiority randomized clinical trial (RAS) microdose intrathecal spinal analgesia. Three hundred and twenty expected cases per randomized arms. Excel Software 2022, SPSS, Open Epi, and XL-SAT were used for data encoding and analysis. Results: A total of 322 cases were retained and analyzed: 1) 161 cases per randomized arm, the majority age group was between 18 - 50 years in the 2 groups and there was no correlation between the two. Protocols with the sociodemographic characteristics studied, ASA class, type of intervention, history of MVA, variation in heart rate, temperature, appearance of hypotension, cost of the anesthetic procedure and admission to intensive care. 2) Effectiveness of the RAS protocol: Judged easier by anesthetists at 99.38% compared to 93.79% for KET with significant difference (p = 0.0104), allows them to be more mobile during the procedure at 98.76 % against 68.32% with significant difference (p < 0.0001) and the overall assessment was in favor of the RAS protocol at a rate of 32.92% against 5.58% for the anesthetists, 90.68% for the patients and 100% for gynecologists who find it excellent compared to the KET protocol with significant difference (p < 0.0001). 3) Weaknesses of the KET protocol: unconsciousness in all patients during the procedure and provides more tachypnea (17.39%) compared to the RAS protocol with difference p = 0.0008, moderate hemorrhages (55.28%), severe (9.94%) with p = 0.0006, higher material cost with p = 0.0018, occurrence of vomiting (10.56%), delay in waking up (22.36%), post-MVA pain (21.74%), and a slight change in the modified Aldrete score at the 30th min post-MVA (70.19%) compared to RAS (81.61%) p = 0.0002. 4) No patient died during the study period in both protocols. Conclusion: Intrathecal spinal analgesia microdosed with bupivacaine 0.1% and Fentanyl 50 µg/cc according to the process used in this study, has proven its effectiveness compared to Ketamine narcosis, currently recommended and not different in terms of effectiveness from other anesthetic techniques recommended for MVA indicated for incomplete abortion and can therefore be recommended as the anesthetic practice of choice in this area in a resource-limited setting.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(91132307)the K.C.Wong Education Foundation,Hong Kong
文摘In learning and memory studies on honeybees （Apis mellifera）, cold-induced narcosis has been widely used to temporarily immobilize honeybees. In this study, we investigated the effects of cold narcosis on the associative memories in honeybees by using the proboscis extension response （PER） paradigm. Severe impairments in memory acquisition was found when cold narcosis was performed 30 rain, instead of 1 h before training. Locomotor activities were reduced when honeybees were tested 15 min, instead of 30 rain after cold narcosis. These results indicate that cold narcosis impairs locomotor activities, as well as memory acquisition in a time-dependent manner, but by comparison no such effects on memory retrieval have yet been observed.[0]
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The bispectral index (BIS) derived from the electroencephalogram is an additional means of monitoring the depth of narcosis.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To compare the monitoring of the depth of narcosis by the BIS associated with clinical data versus standard monitoring at the University Hospital of Parakou in Benin in 2019.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was an observational study for descriptive and analytical purposes with prospective data collection, carried out in general surgery and intensive care unit for 4 months. The inclusion criteria were: an age ≥ 18 years, an ASA score ≤ 3, surgery under general anesthesia and informed consent of the patient. Two groups were formed: non-BIS group monitored by clinical parameters (PA, FC, FR, EtCO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and SpO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) only and BIS group monitored by bispectral index in addition to clinical parameters. Patients were seen 48 hours after the procedure.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">36 patients were collected. The mean age was 40.63 ± 16.77 years with a sex ratio of 3. ASA 1 patients represented 86.11% of the sample and ASA2 patients 13.89%. The average doses of Propofol were not significantly reduced in the BIS group (p = 0.555). On the other hand, the period of intraoperative recovery (p-value = 0.007) and the NVPO (p = 0.043;OR = 0.10;95% CI [0.01 - 0.97]) were significantly reduced by the use of BIS. One case of intraoperative memorization (2.78%) was however found in the BIS group.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The bispectral index makes it possible to significantly reduce the risk of intraoperative awakening and PONV, and not significantly reduce the consumption of Propofol.</span>
