Modern medicine is expanding the possibilities of receiving "personalized" diagnosis and therapies,providing minimal invasiveness,technological solutions based on non-ionizing radiation,early detection of pa...Modern medicine is expanding the possibilities of receiving "personalized" diagnosis and therapies,providing minimal invasiveness,technological solutions based on non-ionizing radiation,early detection of pathologies with the main objectives of being operator independent and with low cost to society.Our research activities aim to strongly contribute to these trends by improving the capabilities of current diagnostic imaging systems,which are of key importance in possibly providing both optimal diagnosis and therapies to patients.In medical diagnostics,cellular imaging aims to develop new methods and technologies for the detection of specific metabolic processes in living organisms,in order to accurately identify and discriminate normal from pathological tissues.In fact,most diseases have a "molecular basis" that detected through these new diagnostic methodologies can provide enormous benefits to medicine.Nowadays,this possibility is mainly related to the use of Positron Emission Tomography,with an exposure to ionizing radiation for patients and operators and with extremely high medical diagnosticscosts.The future possible development of non-ionizing cellular imaging based on techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or Ultrasound,would represent an important step towards modern and personalized therapies.During the last decade,the field of nanotechnology has made important progress and a wide range of organic and inorganic nanomaterials are now available with an incredible number of further combinations with other compounds for cellular targeting.The availability of these new advanced nanosystems allows new scenarios in diagnostic methodologies which are potentially capable of providing morphological and functional information together with metabolic and cellular indications.展开更多
Editors-in-Chief Zhong Lin Wang,Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosys-tems,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Nanometer Institute of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China Liqun Zhang,South China Universit...Editors-in-Chief Zhong Lin Wang,Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosys-tems,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Nanometer Institute of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China Liqun Zhang,South China University of Technology,China。展开更多
The existence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the entry of drugs from the circulation into the central nervous system(CNS),which severely affects the treatment of neurological diseases,including glioblastoma,...The existence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the entry of drugs from the circulation into the central nervous system(CNS),which severely affects the treatment of neurological diseases,including glioblastoma,Parkinson’s disease(PD),and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).With the advantage of bypassing the BBB and avoiding systemic distribution,intranasal administration has emerged as an alternative method of delivering drugs to the brain.Drug delivery directly to the brain using intranasal nanosystems represents a new paradigm for neurological disease treatment because of its advantages in improving drug solubility and stability in vivo,enabling targeted drug delivery and controlled release,and reducing non-specific toxicity.And it has shown efficacy in animal models and clinical applications.Herein,this review describes the mechanisms of intranasal delivery of brain-targeted drugs,the properties of nanosystems for intranasal administration(e.g.,liposomes,nanoemulsions,and micelles),and strategies for intranasal drug delivery to enhance brain-targeted drug delivery.Recent applications of nanosystems in intranasal drug delivery and disease treatment have been comprehensively reviewed.Although encouraging results have been reported,significant challenges still need to be overcome to translate these nanosystems into clinics.Therefore,the future prospects of intranasal drug delivery nanosystems are discussed in depth,expecting to provide useful insights and guidance for effective neurological disease treatment.展开更多
The application of smart supramolecular nanosystems in biomedicine increases rapidly and offers promising prospects for disease diagnostics and therapeutics.Supramolecular nanosystems such as liposomes,micelles,or-gan...The application of smart supramolecular nanosystems in biomedicine increases rapidly and offers promising prospects for disease diagnostics and therapeutics.Supramolecular nanosystems such as liposomes,micelles,or-ganic nanoaggregates and metallic nanostructures etc.have been widely explored as diagnostic/therapeutic tools.Here,we review the recent advances in supramolecular nanosystems with different builtin reporters,e.g.,fluorescent,magnetic and photoacoustic signals for bioimaging.In addition,the substantial progress of supramolecular nanosystems as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy,including chemotherapy,photothermal and photodynamic therapies is also summarized.展开更多
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),a bioactive polyphenol abundant in green tea,has garnered significant attention for its diverse therapeutic applications,ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to poten...Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),a bioactive polyphenol abundant in green tea,has garnered significant attention for its diverse therapeutic applications,ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to potential anticancer properties.Despite its immense promise,the practical utilization of EGCG in therapeutic settings as a medication has been hampered by inherent limitations of this drug,including poor bioavailability,instability,and rapid degradation.This review comprehensively explores the current challenges associated with the application of EGCG and evaluates the potential of nanoparticle-based formulations in addressing these limitations.Nanoparticles,with their unique physicochemical properties,offer a platform for the enhanced stability,bioavailability,and targeted delivery of EGCG.Various nanoparticle strategies,including polymeric nanoparticle,micelle,lipid-based nanocarrier,metal nanoparticle,and silica nanoparticle,are currently employed to enhance EGCG stability and pharmacological activity.This review concludes that the particle sizes of most of these formulated nanocarriers fall within 300 nm and their encapsulation efficiency ranges from 51%to 97%.Notably,the pharmacological activities of EGCG-loaded nanoparticles,such as antioxidative,anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and antimicrobial effects,are significantly enhanced compared to those of free EGCG.By critically analyzing the existing literature and highlighting recent advancements,this article provides valuable insights into the promising prospects of nanoparticle-mediated EGCG formulations,paving the way for the development of more effective and clinically viable therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Cancer drug resistance has become one of the main challenges for the failure of chemotherapy,greatly limiting the selection and use of anticancer drugs and dashing the hopes of cancer patients.The emergence of supramo...Cancer drug resistance has become one of the main challenges for the failure of chemotherapy,greatly limiting the selection and use of anticancer drugs and dashing the hopes of cancer patients.The emergence of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems has brought the field of supramolecular chemistry into the nanoworld,providing a potential solution to this challenge.Compared with conventional chemotherapeutic platforms,supramolecular host-vip nanosystems can reverse cancer drug resistance by increasing drug uptake,reducing drug efflux,activating drugs,and inhibiting DNA repair.Herein,we summarize the research progress of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems for overcoming cancer drug resistance and discuss the future research direction in this field.It is hoped that this review will provide more positive references for overcoming cancer drug resistance and promoting the development of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems.展开更多
In this article,an introduction is presented about the energy harvesting technologies that have potential for powering nanosystems.Our discussion mainly focuses on the approaches other than the well-known solar cell a...In this article,an introduction is presented about the energy harvesting technologies that have potential for powering nanosystems.Our discussion mainly focuses on the approaches other than the well-known solar cell and thermoelectrics.We mainly introduce the piezoelectric nanogenerators developed using aligned ZnO nanowire arrays.This is a potential technology for converting mechanical movement energy(such as body movement,muscle stretching,blood pressure),vibration energy(such as acoustic/ultrasonic wave),and hydraulic energy(such as fl ow of body fl uid,blood fl ow,contraction of blood vessel,dynamic fl uid in nature)into electric energy for self-powered nanosystems.展开更多
Eu3+ ion-doped LaPO4 nanowires or nanorods have been successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method.The influence of varying the hydrothermal and subsequent sintering conditions on the morphology and structu...Eu3+ ion-doped LaPO4 nanowires or nanorods have been successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method.The influence of varying the hydrothermal and subsequent sintering conditions on the morphology and structure of the LaPO4 host has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).For comparison,the Eu3+ ions were also doped into monoclinic monazite LaPO4 nanoparticles and perovskite LaAlO3 nanoparticles.The relative intensities of the emission lines of the LaPO4:Eu3+ nanosystems were essentially independent of their shape.The optimal doping concentrations in the monoclinic LaPO4 and perovskite LaAlO3 nanosystems were determined to be about 5.0 and 3.5 mol%,respectively.Under appropriate UV-radiation,the red light emitted from LaAlO3:Eu3+(3.5 mol%) was brighter than that from LaPO4:Eu3+(5.0 mol%) nanomaterial,resulting from differences in their spin-orbit couplings and covalence,which indicates that the nanoscale LaAlO3 is a promising host material for rare earth ions.展开更多
The likely goal of nanotectulology is the integration of individual nanodevices into a nanosystem, which includes the nanodevice（s）, power harvesting unit, data processing logic system, and possibly wireless communi...The likely goal of nanotectulology is the integration of individual nanodevices into a nanosystem, which includes the nanodevice（s）, power harvesting unit, data processing logic system, and possibly wireless communication unit. A nanosystem requires a nanoscale power source to make the entire package extremely small and high performance. The nanofuel and nanobiofuel cells developed here represent a new self-powering approach in nanotechnology, and their power output is high enough to drive nanodevices for performing self-powered sensing. This study shows the feasibility of building self-powered nanosystems for biological sciences, environmental monitoring, defense technology and even personal electronics.展开更多
Natural compounds demonstrate unique therapeutic advantages for cancer treatment, primarily through direct tumor suppression or interference with the tumor microenvironment(TME). Glycyrrhizic acid(GL), a bioactive ing...Natural compounds demonstrate unique therapeutic advantages for cancer treatment, primarily through direct tumor suppression or interference with the tumor microenvironment(TME). Glycyrrhizic acid(GL), a bioactive ingredient derived from the medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., and its sapogenin glycyrrhetinic acid(GA), have been recognized for their ability to inhibit angiogenesis and remodel the TME. Consequently, the combination of GL with other therapeutic agents offers superior therapeutic benefits. Given GL's amphiphilic structure, self-assembly capability, and liver cancer targeting capacity, various GL-based nanoscale drug delivery systems have been developed. These GL-based nanosystems exhibit angiogenesis suppression and TME regulation properties, synergistically enhancing anti-cancer effects. This review summarizes recent advances in GL-based nanosystems, including polymer-drug micelles, drug-drug assembly nanoparticles(NPs), liposomes, and nanogels, for cancer treatment and tumor postoperative care, providing new insights into the anti-cancer potential of natural compounds. Additionally, the review discusses existing challenges and future perspectives for translating GL-based nanosystems from bench to bedside.展开更多
An “Eigenstate Adjustment Autonomy” Model, permeated by the Nanosystem’s Fermi Level Pinning along with its rigid Conduction Band Discontinuity, compatible with pertinent Experimental Measurements, is being employe...An “Eigenstate Adjustment Autonomy” Model, permeated by the Nanosystem’s Fermi Level Pinning along with its rigid Conduction Band Discontinuity, compatible with pertinent Experimental Measurements, is being employed for studying how the Functional Eigenstate of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG) dwelling within the Quantum Well of a typical Semiconductor Nanoheterointerface evolves versus (cryptographically) selectable consecutive Cumulative Photon Dose values. Thus, it is ultimately discussed that the experimentally observed (after a Critical Cumulative Photon Dose) Phenomenon of 2DEG Negative Differential Mobility allows for the Nanosystem to exhibit an Effective Qubit Specific Functionality potentially conducive to (Telecommunication) Quantum Information Registering.展开更多
Nanowires and nanotubes of diverse material compositions,properties and/or functions have been produced or fabricated through various bottom-up or top-down approaches.These nanowires or nanotubes have also been utiliz...Nanowires and nanotubes of diverse material compositions,properties and/or functions have been produced or fabricated through various bottom-up or top-down approaches.These nanowires or nanotubes have also been utilized as potential building blocks for functional nanodevices.The key for the integration of those nanowire or nanotube based devices is to assemble these one dimensional nanomaterials to specific locations using techniques that are highly controllable and scalable.Ideally such techniques should enable assembly of highly uniform nanowire/nanotube arrays with precise control of density,location,dimension or even material types of nanowires/nanotubes.Numerous assembly techniques are being developed that can quickly align and assemble large quantities of one type or multiple types of nanowires through parallel processes,including flow-assisted alignment,Langmuir-Blodgett assembly,bubble-blown technique,electric/magnetic-field directed assembly,contact/roll printing,knocking-down,etc..With these assembling techniques,applications of nanowire/nanotube based devices such as flexible electronics and sensors have been demonstrated.This paper delivers an overall review of directed nanowire/nanotube assembling approaches and analyzes advantages and limitations of each method.The future research directions have also been discussed.展开更多
Because of enhanced e cacy and lower side e ects,cancer immunotherapies have recently been extensively investigated in clinical trials to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer monotherapies.Although engineer...Because of enhanced e cacy and lower side e ects,cancer immunotherapies have recently been extensively investigated in clinical trials to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer monotherapies.Although engineering attempts have been made to build nanosystems even including stimulus nanomaterials for the e cient delivery of antigens,adjuvants,or anticancer drugs to improve immunogenic cancer cell death,this requires huge R&D e orts and investment for clinically relevant findings to be approved for translation of the nanosystems.To this end,in this study,an air–liquid two-phase electrospray was developed for stable bubble pressing under a balance between mechanical and electrical parameters of the spray to continuously produce biomimetic nanosystems consisting of only clinically relevant compounds[paclitaxel-loaded fake blood cell Eudragit particle(Eu-FBCP/PTX)]to provide a conceptual leap for the timely development of translatable chemo-immunotherapeutic nanosystems.This was pursued as the e cacy of systems for delivering anticancer agents that has been mainly influenced by nanosystem shape because of its relevance to transporting behavior to organs,blood circulation,and cell–membrane interactions.The resulting Eu-FBCP/PTX nanosystems exhibiting phagocytic and micropinocytic uptake behaviors can confer better e cacy in chemo-immunotherapeutics in the absence and presence of anti-PD-L1 antibodies than similar sized PTX-loaded spherical Eu particles(Eu-s/PTX).展开更多
This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory s...This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory schemes of the natural phenomena and formulated predictions of the course of the definite natural events on the basis of mathematics and experimental data, and on the other, as in the engineering sciences are constructed not only the projects of the new experimental situations but also structural schemes of the new nanosystem unknown in nature and technology. The operation of nanotheory is realized by the iteration method. At first a special engineering problem is formulated. Then it is represented in the form of the structural scheme of the nanosystem which is transformed into the idea about the natural process reflecting its performance. To calculate and mathematically model this process a functional scheme is constructed. Consequently, the engineering problem is reformulated into a scientific one and then into a mathematical problem solved by the deductive method. This path from the bottom to the top represents the analysis of schemes （the bottom up approach）. The way in the opposite direction--the synthesis of schemes （the top down approach）--makes it possible to synthesize the ideal model of a new nanosystem from idealized structural elements, according to the appropriate rules of deductive transformation, to calculate basic parameters of the nanosystem and simulate its function. Nanotechnology is at the same time a field of scientific knowledge and a sphere of engineering activity, in other words--nanotechnoscience--similar with systems engineering as the analysis and design of large-scale, complex, man-machine systems, but now as micro- and nanosystems. Scanning tunneling microscope in the nanoexperiment is not only an arrangement of scientific investigation but also at the same time a facility to fabricate the electrically conducting bridges between an electrode and the selected nanotubes and computer modeling and the design of different artifacts.展开更多
Development of the orbital-free (OF) approach of the density functional theory (DFT) may result in a power instrument for modeling of complicated nanosystems with a huge number of atoms. A key problem on this way is c...Development of the orbital-free (OF) approach of the density functional theory (DFT) may result in a power instrument for modeling of complicated nanosystems with a huge number of atoms. A key problem on this way is calculation of the kinetic energy. We demonstrate how it is possible to create the OF kinetic energy functionals using results of Kohn-Sham calculations for single atoms. Calculations provided with these functionals for dimers of sp-elements of the C, Si, and Ge periodic table rows show a good accordance with the Kohn-Sham DFT results.展开更多
The combination of Ce6,an acknowledged photosensitizer,and TPL,a natural anticancer agent,has been demonstrated as a useful strategy to reinforce the tumor growth suppression,as well as decrease the systemic side effe...The combination of Ce6,an acknowledged photosensitizer,and TPL,a natural anticancer agent,has been demonstrated as a useful strategy to reinforce the tumor growth suppression,as well as decrease the systemic side effects compared with their monotherapy.However,in view of the optimal chemo-photodynamic combination efficiency,there is still short of the feasible nanovehicle to steadily co-deliver Ce6 and TPL,and stimuli-responsively burst release drugs in tumor site.Herein,we described the synergistic antitumor performance of a pH-sensitive supramolecular nanosystem,mediated by the host–vip complexing betweenβ-CD and acid pH-responsive amphiphilic co-polymer mPEG-PBAE-mPEG,showing the shell–core structural micelles with the tightβ-CD layer coating.Both Ce6 and TPLwere facilely co-loaded into the spherical supramolecular NPs(TPL+Ce6/NPs)by one-step nanoprecipitation method,with an ideal particle size(156.0 nm),acid pH-responsive drug release profile,and enhanced cellular internalization capacity.In view of the combination benefit of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy,as well as co-encapsulation in the fabricated pH-sensitive supramolecular NPs,TPL+Ce6/NPs exhibited significant efficacy to suppress cellular proliferation,boost ROS level,lower MMP,and promote cellular apoptosis in vitro.Particularly,fluorescence imaging revealed that TPL+Ce6/NPs preferentially accumulated in the tumor tissue area,with higher intensity than that of free Ce6.As expected,upon 650-nm laser irradiation,TPL+Ce6/NPs exhibited a cascade of amplified synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapeutic benefits to suppress tumor progression in both hepatoma H22 tumor-bearingmice and B16 tumor-bearingmice.More importantly,lower systemic toxicitywas found in the tumor-bearingmice treated with TPL+Ce6/NPs.Overall,the designed supramolecular TPL+Ce6/NPs provided a promising alternative approach for chemo-photodynamic therapy in tumor treatment.展开更多
Intramedullary spinal cord tumor(IMSCT)is comparatively rare malignant tumor in the central nervous system and is very difficult accessible by conventional chemotherapy regimen.Currently,there are very limited researc...Intramedullary spinal cord tumor(IMSCT)is comparatively rare malignant tumor in the central nervous system and is very difficult accessible by conventional chemotherapy regimen.Currently,there are very limited researches for IMSCT treatment using nanomedicine.To fill this gap,we originally reported a targeted strategy by leveraging nano-engineered mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)for synergistic antiIMSCT treatment.In this study,two mode drugs paclitaxel(PTX)and metformin(MET)were co-loaded in maleimide-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolicacid)(PLGA-MAL)nanoparticles,which were further conjugated onto MSCs surface via the thioether bond formed between PLGA-MAL and MSCs without affecting the migration ability of MSCs.Owing to the excellent tumor tropism and penetrability of MSCs and good biodegradability of PLGA,the designed drug delivery platform could accurately target IMSCT sites to exert long-term synergistic antitumor efficacy,exhibiting promising research value for alternative IMSCT management beyond surgery.展开更多
Exosomes offer ideal biomarkers for liquid biopsies.However,high-efficient capture of exosomes has been proven to be extreme challenging.Here,we report a soluble pH-responsive host-vip-based nanosystem(pH-HGN)for ho...Exosomes offer ideal biomarkers for liquid biopsies.However,high-efficient capture of exosomes has been proven to be extreme challenging.Here,we report a soluble pH-responsive host-vip-based nanosystem(pH-HGN)for homogeneous isolation of exosomes around physiological pH.The pH-HGN consists of two specifically functionalized modules.First,a pH-responsive module,poly-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate,provides homogeneous capture circumstances and sharp pH-triggered self-assembly separation in aqueous solution to improve capture efficiency and reduce nonspecific adsorption.Second,a host-vip module,poly-acrylamide azobenzene andβ-cyclodextrin linked with exosomes-specific antibody,could act as the"cleavable bridge"to specific capture and subsequent rapid release of captured exosomes through host-vip interaction betweenβ-cyclodextrin and AAAB moieties.The pH-HGN offered high capture efficiencies for exosomes from two different cell lines,which were 90.2%±0.28%and 87.0%±4.6%for H1299 and MCF-7 cell-derived exosomes,respectively.The purity of isolated exosomes was(1.49±0.71)×10^(11)particles/μg,which was 4.1 times higher compared with the gold standard ultracentrifugation(UC)method.Furthermore,the isolated exosomes via the pH-HGN can preserve well integrity and biological activity.The developed pH-HGN was further successfully applied to differentiate lung cancer patients from healthy persons.These findings indicated that pH-HGN is a promising strategy in exosomes-based research and downstream applications.展开更多
Metastatic breast cancer(MBC) is one of the most common and knotty diseases in female population which could place them in a life-threatening condition. For malignant proliferation and migration, cancer cells require ...Metastatic breast cancer(MBC) is one of the most common and knotty diseases in female population which could place them in a life-threatening condition. For malignant proliferation and migration, cancer cells require a large amount of glucose and energy to meet the demand of rapid metabolism. Hence,efficiently diminishing the utilization of energy substances by cancer cells is emerging as validated therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy. Herein, a nanoplatform with dual-inhibition of glucose uptake and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS) was designed, which consisted of albendazole(ABZ) and atovaquone(ATO) by simple carrier-free self-assembling. The introduction of ABZ could evidently decrease glucose uptake to reduce the main “energy fuel” of cancer cells. Meanwhile, as a blocker of OXPHOS, ATO would reduce adenosine triphosphate(ATP) production and ameliorate hypoxia microenvironment by suppressing mitochondrial respiratory chain. Under such dual inhibition of energy metabolism, AA NPs exerted synergistic energy exhaustion effect and outstanding hypoxia improvement function, efficiently inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. This research not only illustrates the feasibility of energy metabolism therapy by co-inhibiting glucose uptake and OXPHOS, but also provides an ingenious tactic to diminish metastasis during MBC treatment.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)has recently been used in nanomedical applications,in which implanted intelligent nanosystems inside the human body were used to diagnose and treat a variety of ailments with the help of the...Artificial intelligence(AI)has recently been used in nanomedical applications,in which implanted intelligent nanosystems inside the human body were used to diagnose and treat a variety of ailments with the help of the Internet of biological Nano Things(IoBNT).Biological circuit engineering or nanomaterial-based architectures can be used to approach the nanosystem.In nanomedical applications,the blood vascular medium serves as a communication channel,demonstrating a molecular communication system based on flow and diffusion.This paper presents a performance study of the channel capacity for flow-based-diffusive molecular communication nanosystems that takes into account the ligand-receptor binding mechanism.Unlike earlier studies,we take into account the effects of biological physical characteristics such as blood pressure,blood viscosity,and vascular diameter on channel capacity.Furthermore,in terms of drug transmission error probability,the inter-symbol interference(ISI)phenomenon is applied to the proposed system.The numerical results show that the proposed AI nanosystems-based IoBNT technology can be successfully implemented in future nanomedicine.展开更多
基金Supported by Italian Ministry of Research,Apulia Region,European Commission and National Council of Research
文摘Modern medicine is expanding the possibilities of receiving "personalized" diagnosis and therapies,providing minimal invasiveness,technological solutions based on non-ionizing radiation,early detection of pathologies with the main objectives of being operator independent and with low cost to society.Our research activities aim to strongly contribute to these trends by improving the capabilities of current diagnostic imaging systems,which are of key importance in possibly providing both optimal diagnosis and therapies to patients.In medical diagnostics,cellular imaging aims to develop new methods and technologies for the detection of specific metabolic processes in living organisms,in order to accurately identify and discriminate normal from pathological tissues.In fact,most diseases have a "molecular basis" that detected through these new diagnostic methodologies can provide enormous benefits to medicine.Nowadays,this possibility is mainly related to the use of Positron Emission Tomography,with an exposure to ionizing radiation for patients and operators and with extremely high medical diagnosticscosts.The future possible development of non-ionizing cellular imaging based on techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or Ultrasound,would represent an important step towards modern and personalized therapies.During the last decade,the field of nanotechnology has made important progress and a wide range of organic and inorganic nanomaterials are now available with an incredible number of further combinations with other compounds for cellular targeting.The availability of these new advanced nanosystems allows new scenarios in diagnostic methodologies which are potentially capable of providing morphological and functional information together with metabolic and cellular indications.
文摘Editors-in-Chief Zhong Lin Wang,Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosys-tems,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Nanometer Institute of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China Liqun Zhang,South China University of Technology,China。
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Projects(No.2021ZD0201602).
文摘The existence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the entry of drugs from the circulation into the central nervous system(CNS),which severely affects the treatment of neurological diseases,including glioblastoma,Parkinson’s disease(PD),and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).With the advantage of bypassing the BBB and avoiding systemic distribution,intranasal administration has emerged as an alternative method of delivering drugs to the brain.Drug delivery directly to the brain using intranasal nanosystems represents a new paradigm for neurological disease treatment because of its advantages in improving drug solubility and stability in vivo,enabling targeted drug delivery and controlled release,and reducing non-specific toxicity.And it has shown efficacy in animal models and clinical applications.Herein,this review describes the mechanisms of intranasal delivery of brain-targeted drugs,the properties of nanosystems for intranasal administration(e.g.,liposomes,nanoemulsions,and micelles),and strategies for intranasal drug delivery to enhance brain-targeted drug delivery.Recent applications of nanosystems in intranasal drug delivery and disease treatment have been comprehensively reviewed.Although encouraging results have been reported,significant challenges still need to be overcome to translate these nanosystems into clinics.Therefore,the future prospects of intranasal drug delivery nanosystems are discussed in depth,expecting to provide useful insights and guidance for effective neurological disease treatment.
基金supported by the National Basic Re-search Program of China (973 Program,No.2013CB932701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21374026,21304023,51102014,and 51303036)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foun-dation (No.2132053)the 100-Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.Y2462911ZX).
文摘The application of smart supramolecular nanosystems in biomedicine increases rapidly and offers promising prospects for disease diagnostics and therapeutics.Supramolecular nanosystems such as liposomes,micelles,or-ganic nanoaggregates and metallic nanostructures etc.have been widely explored as diagnostic/therapeutic tools.Here,we review the recent advances in supramolecular nanosystems with different builtin reporters,e.g.,fluorescent,magnetic and photoacoustic signals for bioimaging.In addition,the substantial progress of supramolecular nanosystems as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy,including chemotherapy,photothermal and photodynamic therapies is also summarized.
基金upported by the Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE),Malaysia,through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(No.FRGS/1/2022/SKK10/UTAR/02/1)the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman,Malaysia,through UTAR-Research Fund(No.IPSR/RMC/UTARRF/2024-C1/L04)。
文摘Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG),a bioactive polyphenol abundant in green tea,has garnered significant attention for its diverse therapeutic applications,ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to potential anticancer properties.Despite its immense promise,the practical utilization of EGCG in therapeutic settings as a medication has been hampered by inherent limitations of this drug,including poor bioavailability,instability,and rapid degradation.This review comprehensively explores the current challenges associated with the application of EGCG and evaluates the potential of nanoparticle-based formulations in addressing these limitations.Nanoparticles,with their unique physicochemical properties,offer a platform for the enhanced stability,bioavailability,and targeted delivery of EGCG.Various nanoparticle strategies,including polymeric nanoparticle,micelle,lipid-based nanocarrier,metal nanoparticle,and silica nanoparticle,are currently employed to enhance EGCG stability and pharmacological activity.This review concludes that the particle sizes of most of these formulated nanocarriers fall within 300 nm and their encapsulation efficiency ranges from 51%to 97%.Notably,the pharmacological activities of EGCG-loaded nanoparticles,such as antioxidative,anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and antimicrobial effects,are significantly enhanced compared to those of free EGCG.By critically analyzing the existing literature and highlighting recent advancements,this article provides valuable insights into the promising prospects of nanoparticle-mediated EGCG formulations,paving the way for the development of more effective and clinically viable therapeutic strategies.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22101043)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2205013,N232410019)+1 种基金the Open Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications(2022A07)Northeastern University for financial support.
文摘Cancer drug resistance has become one of the main challenges for the failure of chemotherapy,greatly limiting the selection and use of anticancer drugs and dashing the hopes of cancer patients.The emergence of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems has brought the field of supramolecular chemistry into the nanoworld,providing a potential solution to this challenge.Compared with conventional chemotherapeutic platforms,supramolecular host-vip nanosystems can reverse cancer drug resistance by increasing drug uptake,reducing drug efflux,activating drugs,and inhibiting DNA repair.Herein,we summarize the research progress of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems for overcoming cancer drug resistance and discuss the future research direction in this field.It is hoped that this review will provide more positive references for overcoming cancer drug resistance and promoting the development of supramolecular host-vip nanosystems.
文摘In this article,an introduction is presented about the energy harvesting technologies that have potential for powering nanosystems.Our discussion mainly focuses on the approaches other than the well-known solar cell and thermoelectrics.We mainly introduce the piezoelectric nanogenerators developed using aligned ZnO nanowire arrays.This is a potential technology for converting mechanical movement energy(such as body movement,muscle stretching,blood pressure),vibration energy(such as acoustic/ultrasonic wave),and hydraulic energy(such as fl ow of body fl uid,blood fl ow,contraction of blood vessel,dynamic fl uid in nature)into electric energy for self-powered nanosystems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20873039 & 90606001)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 07jj4002)the Students Innovation Training Fund of Hunan University
文摘Eu3+ ion-doped LaPO4 nanowires or nanorods have been successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method.The influence of varying the hydrothermal and subsequent sintering conditions on the morphology and structure of the LaPO4 host has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).For comparison,the Eu3+ ions were also doped into monoclinic monazite LaPO4 nanoparticles and perovskite LaAlO3 nanoparticles.The relative intensities of the emission lines of the LaPO4:Eu3+ nanosystems were essentially independent of their shape.The optimal doping concentrations in the monoclinic LaPO4 and perovskite LaAlO3 nanosystems were determined to be about 5.0 and 3.5 mol%,respectively.Under appropriate UV-radiation,the red light emitted from LaAlO3:Eu3+(3.5 mol%) was brighter than that from LaPO4:Eu3+(5.0 mol%) nanomaterial,resulting from differences in their spin-orbit couplings and covalence,which indicates that the nanoscale LaAlO3 is a promising host material for rare earth ions.
基金Acknowledgements The authors thank the National Program on key Basic Research Project （973 Program）, the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation, and the National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology of China for support. This work made use of the resources of the Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy.
文摘The likely goal of nanotectulology is the integration of individual nanodevices into a nanosystem, which includes the nanodevice（s）, power harvesting unit, data processing logic system, and possibly wireless communication unit. A nanosystem requires a nanoscale power source to make the entire package extremely small and high performance. The nanofuel and nanobiofuel cells developed here represent a new self-powering approach in nanotechnology, and their power output is high enough to drive nanodevices for performing self-powered sensing. This study shows the feasibility of building self-powered nanosystems for biological sciences, environmental monitoring, defense technology and even personal electronics.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund [No. SKL-QRCM(UM)2023-2025]Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Southwest Characteristic TCM Resources Multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary Innovation Team (No.ZYYCXTD-D-202209)+1 种基金the Sciencein Sichuan Province (No. 2023ZYD0052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82274112)。
文摘Natural compounds demonstrate unique therapeutic advantages for cancer treatment, primarily through direct tumor suppression or interference with the tumor microenvironment(TME). Glycyrrhizic acid(GL), a bioactive ingredient derived from the medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., and its sapogenin glycyrrhetinic acid(GA), have been recognized for their ability to inhibit angiogenesis and remodel the TME. Consequently, the combination of GL with other therapeutic agents offers superior therapeutic benefits. Given GL's amphiphilic structure, self-assembly capability, and liver cancer targeting capacity, various GL-based nanoscale drug delivery systems have been developed. These GL-based nanosystems exhibit angiogenesis suppression and TME regulation properties, synergistically enhancing anti-cancer effects. This review summarizes recent advances in GL-based nanosystems, including polymer-drug micelles, drug-drug assembly nanoparticles(NPs), liposomes, and nanogels, for cancer treatment and tumor postoperative care, providing new insights into the anti-cancer potential of natural compounds. Additionally, the review discusses existing challenges and future perspectives for translating GL-based nanosystems from bench to bedside.
文摘An “Eigenstate Adjustment Autonomy” Model, permeated by the Nanosystem’s Fermi Level Pinning along with its rigid Conduction Band Discontinuity, compatible with pertinent Experimental Measurements, is being employed for studying how the Functional Eigenstate of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG) dwelling within the Quantum Well of a typical Semiconductor Nanoheterointerface evolves versus (cryptographically) selectable consecutive Cumulative Photon Dose values. Thus, it is ultimately discussed that the experimentally observed (after a Critical Cumulative Photon Dose) Phenomenon of 2DEG Negative Differential Mobility allows for the Nanosystem to exhibit an Effective Qubit Specific Functionality potentially conducive to (Telecommunication) Quantum Information Registering.
基金the financial support from Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)funding from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No.11PJ1403500)+1 种基金the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology (No.ICT1113)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No.12YZ022)
文摘Nanowires and nanotubes of diverse material compositions,properties and/or functions have been produced or fabricated through various bottom-up or top-down approaches.These nanowires or nanotubes have also been utilized as potential building blocks for functional nanodevices.The key for the integration of those nanowire or nanotube based devices is to assemble these one dimensional nanomaterials to specific locations using techniques that are highly controllable and scalable.Ideally such techniques should enable assembly of highly uniform nanowire/nanotube arrays with precise control of density,location,dimension or even material types of nanowires/nanotubes.Numerous assembly techniques are being developed that can quickly align and assemble large quantities of one type or multiple types of nanowires through parallel processes,including flow-assisted alignment,Langmuir-Blodgett assembly,bubble-blown technique,electric/magnetic-field directed assembly,contact/roll printing,knocking-down,etc..With these assembling techniques,applications of nanowire/nanotube based devices such as flexible electronics and sensors have been demonstrated.This paper delivers an overall review of directed nanowire/nanotube assembling approaches and analyzes advantages and limitations of each method.The future research directions have also been discussed.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and future Planning(2018R1A2A1A05020683)supported by the NRF(2018R1A2A2A05021143)grant funded by the Korean Governmentthe Medical Research Center Program(2015R1A5A2009124)through the NRF funded by MSIP.
文摘Because of enhanced e cacy and lower side e ects,cancer immunotherapies have recently been extensively investigated in clinical trials to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer monotherapies.Although engineering attempts have been made to build nanosystems even including stimulus nanomaterials for the e cient delivery of antigens,adjuvants,or anticancer drugs to improve immunogenic cancer cell death,this requires huge R&D e orts and investment for clinically relevant findings to be approved for translation of the nanosystems.To this end,in this study,an air–liquid two-phase electrospray was developed for stable bubble pressing under a balance between mechanical and electrical parameters of the spray to continuously produce biomimetic nanosystems consisting of only clinically relevant compounds[paclitaxel-loaded fake blood cell Eudragit particle(Eu-FBCP/PTX)]to provide a conceptual leap for the timely development of translatable chemo-immunotherapeutic nanosystems.This was pursued as the e cacy of systems for delivering anticancer agents that has been mainly influenced by nanosystem shape because of its relevance to transporting behavior to organs,blood circulation,and cell–membrane interactions.The resulting Eu-FBCP/PTX nanosystems exhibiting phagocytic and micropinocytic uptake behaviors can confer better e cacy in chemo-immunotherapeutics in the absence and presence of anti-PD-L1 antibodies than similar sized PTX-loaded spherical Eu particles(Eu-s/PTX).
文摘This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory schemes of the natural phenomena and formulated predictions of the course of the definite natural events on the basis of mathematics and experimental data, and on the other, as in the engineering sciences are constructed not only the projects of the new experimental situations but also structural schemes of the new nanosystem unknown in nature and technology. The operation of nanotheory is realized by the iteration method. At first a special engineering problem is formulated. Then it is represented in the form of the structural scheme of the nanosystem which is transformed into the idea about the natural process reflecting its performance. To calculate and mathematically model this process a functional scheme is constructed. Consequently, the engineering problem is reformulated into a scientific one and then into a mathematical problem solved by the deductive method. This path from the bottom to the top represents the analysis of schemes （the bottom up approach）. The way in the opposite direction--the synthesis of schemes （the top down approach）--makes it possible to synthesize the ideal model of a new nanosystem from idealized structural elements, according to the appropriate rules of deductive transformation, to calculate basic parameters of the nanosystem and simulate its function. Nanotechnology is at the same time a field of scientific knowledge and a sphere of engineering activity, in other words--nanotechnoscience--similar with systems engineering as the analysis and design of large-scale, complex, man-machine systems, but now as micro- and nanosystems. Scanning tunneling microscope in the nanoexperiment is not only an arrangement of scientific investigation but also at the same time a facility to fabricate the electrically conducting bridges between an electrode and the selected nanotubes and computer modeling and the design of different artifacts.
文摘Development of the orbital-free (OF) approach of the density functional theory (DFT) may result in a power instrument for modeling of complicated nanosystems with a huge number of atoms. A key problem on this way is calculation of the kinetic energy. We demonstrate how it is possible to create the OF kinetic energy functionals using results of Kohn-Sham calculations for single atoms. Calculations provided with these functionals for dimers of sp-elements of the C, Si, and Ge periodic table rows show a good accordance with the Kohn-Sham DFT results.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81973662)Distinguished Young Scholar of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department (No.2019JDJQ0049)111 Project (No.B18035)
文摘The combination of Ce6,an acknowledged photosensitizer,and TPL,a natural anticancer agent,has been demonstrated as a useful strategy to reinforce the tumor growth suppression,as well as decrease the systemic side effects compared with their monotherapy.However,in view of the optimal chemo-photodynamic combination efficiency,there is still short of the feasible nanovehicle to steadily co-deliver Ce6 and TPL,and stimuli-responsively burst release drugs in tumor site.Herein,we described the synergistic antitumor performance of a pH-sensitive supramolecular nanosystem,mediated by the host–vip complexing betweenβ-CD and acid pH-responsive amphiphilic co-polymer mPEG-PBAE-mPEG,showing the shell–core structural micelles with the tightβ-CD layer coating.Both Ce6 and TPLwere facilely co-loaded into the spherical supramolecular NPs(TPL+Ce6/NPs)by one-step nanoprecipitation method,with an ideal particle size(156.0 nm),acid pH-responsive drug release profile,and enhanced cellular internalization capacity.In view of the combination benefit of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy,as well as co-encapsulation in the fabricated pH-sensitive supramolecular NPs,TPL+Ce6/NPs exhibited significant efficacy to suppress cellular proliferation,boost ROS level,lower MMP,and promote cellular apoptosis in vitro.Particularly,fluorescence imaging revealed that TPL+Ce6/NPs preferentially accumulated in the tumor tissue area,with higher intensity than that of free Ce6.As expected,upon 650-nm laser irradiation,TPL+Ce6/NPs exhibited a cascade of amplified synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapeutic benefits to suppress tumor progression in both hepatoma H22 tumor-bearingmice and B16 tumor-bearingmice.More importantly,lower systemic toxicitywas found in the tumor-bearingmice treated with TPL+Ce6/NPs.Overall,the designed supramolecular TPL+Ce6/NPs provided a promising alternative approach for chemo-photodynamic therapy in tumor treatment.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.31872756 and 32071387)Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(No.JY-079)333 High-level Talent Development Project in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Intramedullary spinal cord tumor(IMSCT)is comparatively rare malignant tumor in the central nervous system and is very difficult accessible by conventional chemotherapy regimen.Currently,there are very limited researches for IMSCT treatment using nanomedicine.To fill this gap,we originally reported a targeted strategy by leveraging nano-engineered mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)for synergistic antiIMSCT treatment.In this study,two mode drugs paclitaxel(PTX)and metformin(MET)were co-loaded in maleimide-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolicacid)(PLGA-MAL)nanoparticles,which were further conjugated onto MSCs surface via the thioether bond formed between PLGA-MAL and MSCs without affecting the migration ability of MSCs.Owing to the excellent tumor tropism and penetrability of MSCs and good biodegradability of PLGA,the designed drug delivery platform could accurately target IMSCT sites to exert long-term synergistic antitumor efficacy,exhibiting promising research value for alternative IMSCT management beyond surgery.
基金This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21974017,22274035)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2007122)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2019201327)Hundred Outstanding Innovative Talents in Universities of Hebei Province(No.SLRC2019016)Young Talent of Hebei Province,Natural Science Interdisciplinary Research Program of Hebei University(No.DXK201912,DXK202014)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2020-MS-261)Program in Liaoning Province Education Department(No.LZ2019063)。
文摘Exosomes offer ideal biomarkers for liquid biopsies.However,high-efficient capture of exosomes has been proven to be extreme challenging.Here,we report a soluble pH-responsive host-vip-based nanosystem(pH-HGN)for homogeneous isolation of exosomes around physiological pH.The pH-HGN consists of two specifically functionalized modules.First,a pH-responsive module,poly-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate,provides homogeneous capture circumstances and sharp pH-triggered self-assembly separation in aqueous solution to improve capture efficiency and reduce nonspecific adsorption.Second,a host-vip module,poly-acrylamide azobenzene andβ-cyclodextrin linked with exosomes-specific antibody,could act as the"cleavable bridge"to specific capture and subsequent rapid release of captured exosomes through host-vip interaction betweenβ-cyclodextrin and AAAB moieties.The pH-HGN offered high capture efficiencies for exosomes from two different cell lines,which were 90.2%±0.28%and 87.0%±4.6%for H1299 and MCF-7 cell-derived exosomes,respectively.The purity of isolated exosomes was(1.49±0.71)×10^(11)particles/μg,which was 4.1 times higher compared with the gold standard ultracentrifugation(UC)method.Furthermore,the isolated exosomes via the pH-HGN can preserve well integrity and biological activity.The developed pH-HGN was further successfully applied to differentiate lung cancer patients from healthy persons.These findings indicated that pH-HGN is a promising strategy in exosomes-based research and downstream applications.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2021YFE0198400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82020108029 and 82073398)+1 种基金supported by the Project of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines,China Pharmaceutical University (No.SKLNMZZ202021)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2021M703598)。
文摘Metastatic breast cancer(MBC) is one of the most common and knotty diseases in female population which could place them in a life-threatening condition. For malignant proliferation and migration, cancer cells require a large amount of glucose and energy to meet the demand of rapid metabolism. Hence,efficiently diminishing the utilization of energy substances by cancer cells is emerging as validated therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy. Herein, a nanoplatform with dual-inhibition of glucose uptake and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS) was designed, which consisted of albendazole(ABZ) and atovaquone(ATO) by simple carrier-free self-assembling. The introduction of ABZ could evidently decrease glucose uptake to reduce the main “energy fuel” of cancer cells. Meanwhile, as a blocker of OXPHOS, ATO would reduce adenosine triphosphate(ATP) production and ameliorate hypoxia microenvironment by suppressing mitochondrial respiratory chain. Under such dual inhibition of energy metabolism, AA NPs exerted synergistic energy exhaustion effect and outstanding hypoxia improvement function, efficiently inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. This research not only illustrates the feasibility of energy metabolism therapy by co-inhibiting glucose uptake and OXPHOS, but also provides an ingenious tactic to diminish metastasis during MBC treatment.
基金funded by the Researchers Supporting Project No.(RSP-2021/102)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)has recently been used in nanomedical applications,in which implanted intelligent nanosystems inside the human body were used to diagnose and treat a variety of ailments with the help of the Internet of biological Nano Things(IoBNT).Biological circuit engineering or nanomaterial-based architectures can be used to approach the nanosystem.In nanomedical applications,the blood vascular medium serves as a communication channel,demonstrating a molecular communication system based on flow and diffusion.This paper presents a performance study of the channel capacity for flow-based-diffusive molecular communication nanosystems that takes into account the ligand-receptor binding mechanism.Unlike earlier studies,we take into account the effects of biological physical characteristics such as blood pressure,blood viscosity,and vascular diameter on channel capacity.Furthermore,in terms of drug transmission error probability,the inter-symbol interference(ISI)phenomenon is applied to the proposed system.The numerical results show that the proposed AI nanosystems-based IoBNT technology can be successfully implemented in future nanomedicine.
