A novel nanomagnetic organogel was synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization-crosslinking method using dodecyl methacrylate(DDMA) and styrene(St) as monomers, divinylbenzene(DVB) as a crosslinking agent, azobisis...A novel nanomagnetic organogel was synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization-crosslinking method using dodecyl methacrylate(DDMA) and styrene(St) as monomers, divinylbenzene(DVB) as a crosslinking agent, azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) as an initiator, and Fe_3O_4 as a nanomagnetic particle. Modification of the network was carried out by inclusion of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT) into the organogel matrix. The structure of the nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM,TEM, TGA/DTG, VSM, and BET analysis. The effects of various parameters such as the amount of crosslinker, initiator, Fe_3O_4, and reaction time as well as monomer ratio on the oil absorption of the organogel were studied. The synthesized organogel can absorb about35.5, 22.1, 29.86, 14.58, 17.6, 15.3, and 13.7 g·g^(-1) of CHCl_3, toluene, CH_2Cl_2, hexane, crude oil, gasoline, and diesel oil, under the optimized polymerization conditions, respectively. The nanocomposite organogels can be easily separated by a magnetic field after absorption of organic solvents.展开更多
Nanomagnetism is the origin of many unique properties in magnetic nanomaterials that can be used as building blocks in information technology, spintronics, and biomedicine. Progresses in nanomagnetic principles, disti...Nanomagnetism is the origin of many unique properties in magnetic nanomaterials that can be used as building blocks in information technology, spintronics, and biomedicine. Progresses in nanomagnetic principles, distinct magnetic nanostructures, and the biomedical applications of nanomagnetism are summarized.展开更多
Cancer therapy is a fast-emerging biomedical paradigm that elevates the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of a nanovector for identification,monitoring,targeting,and post-treatment response analysis.Nanovectors of ...Cancer therapy is a fast-emerging biomedical paradigm that elevates the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of a nanovector for identification,monitoring,targeting,and post-treatment response analysis.Nanovectors of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(SPION)are of tremendous significance in cancer therapy because of their inherited high surface area,high reactivity,biocompatibility,superior contrast,and magnetic and photo-inducibility properties.In addition to a brief introduction,we summarize various progressive aspects of nanomagnets pertaining to their production with an emphasis on sustainable biomimetic approaches.Post-synthesis particulate and surface alterations in terms of pharmaco-affinity,liquid accessibility,and biocompatibility to facilitate cancer therapy are highlighted.SPION parameters including particle contrast,core-fusions,surface area,reactivity,photosensitivity,photodynamics,and photothermal properties,which facilitate diverse cancer diagnostics,are discussed.We also elaborate on the concept of magnetism to selectively focus chemotherapeutics on tumors,cell sorting,purification of bioentities,and elimination of toxins.Finally,while addressing the toxicity of nanomaterials,the advent of ultrasmall nanomagnets as a healthier alternative with superior properties and compatible cellular interactions is reviewed.In summary,these discussions spotlight the versatility and integration of multitasking nanomagnets and ultrasmall nanomagnets for diverse cancer theragnostics.展开更多
Based on a classical Heisenberg lattice model with dipole-dipole interaction and the method of spin dynamic simulation, the magnetic configurations (MC), hysteresis loops (HL) and magnetic resistance (MR) of the nanom...Based on a classical Heisenberg lattice model with dipole-dipole interaction and the method of spin dynamic simulation, the magnetic configurations (MC), hysteresis loops (HL) and magnetic resistance (MR) of the nanomagnets with different geometries, such as circle, square and rectangle, are studied for different directions of applied field. In the case of perpendicular field to the plane, the magnetization and MR are reversible and have not hysteresis. When the field is applied in the plane, the HL is irreversible and is qualitatively well agreeable with the current experimental results. The MR loop is also irreversible and appears two peaks distributed at two sides around zero field. The peaks of magnetic resistance are relative to the vortex state or similar configuration. Large easy-axis anisotropy will suppress the MC anisotropy, and the large magnetoresistance effect disappears.展开更多
Based on the strong magnetic anisotropy along the symmetry of the crystal, we construct a U（2） non-Abelian gauge potential for the molecular nanomagnet Mn12 by varying the external magnetic field adiabatically. More...Based on the strong magnetic anisotropy along the symmetry of the crystal, we construct a U（2） non-Abelian gauge potential for the molecular nanomagnet Mn12 by varying the external magnetic field adiabatically. Moreover, the non-Abelian geometric phase and the unitary matrix operation, which are tile key steps to realize the universal holonomic quantum computing in the degenerate subspace, are also obtained by means of choosing an evolution path properly.展开更多
A new method employing magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 as a catalyst and H2O2 as a green oxidant is developed for the oxidative thiocyanation of aromatic amines, anisols and activated phenols with high yields under mild ...A new method employing magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 as a catalyst and H2O2 as a green oxidant is developed for the oxidative thiocyanation of aromatic amines, anisols and activated phenols with high yields under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture using an external magnet and reused in several reaction cycles without loss of activity.展开更多
We investigate bias and different barrier thicknesses effects on quantities related to spin and charge currents in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions. Using the non-Equilibrium Green＇s function formalism, we demonst...We investigate bias and different barrier thicknesses effects on quantities related to spin and charge currents in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions. Using the non-Equilibrium Green＇s function formalism, we demonstrate that the in-plane and out-of-plane components of the spin-transfer torque have asymmetric and symmetric behaviors respectively. Magneto-resistance also decreases with increasing barrier thickness. The Landau–Lifshits–Gilbert equation describes the dynamics of the magnetization made by spin transfer torque. Increasing in spin current above its critical value or smaller the magnet reduces the switching time which is major result for making of new memory devices.展开更多
The self-assembly of lanthanide(3+)ions with pyrazine N,N′-dioxide(pzdo)and bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium(PPN+)salts of diamagnetic octacyanidometallates of MoIV and WIV results in one-dimensional(PPN)[LnIII(pzdo)2(...The self-assembly of lanthanide(3+)ions with pyrazine N,N′-dioxide(pzdo)and bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium(PPN+)salts of diamagnetic octacyanidometallates of MoIV and WIV results in one-dimensional(PPN)[LnIII(pzdo)2(MeOH)0.3(H2O)3.7][MIV(CN)8]·7.7H2O·2MeOH(Ln=Er and Yb;M=Mo and W)coordination networks.They are constructed of zigzag metal–organic{LnIII(μ-pzdo)}n chains with terminal[MIV(CN)8]4−metalloligands attached to the LnIII centres.Both Er-and Yb-containing frameworks exhibit field-induced slow magnetic relaxation originating from the field-dependent equilibrium between quantum tunnelling of magnetization and the direct process along with the temperature-dependent Raman and Orbach relaxation processes.Transition metal substitution on[MIV(CN)8]4−sites modifies the intrinsic magnetic anisotropy of lanthanides,as depicted by the subtle change of thermal energy barriers of Orbach relaxation in Er-based systems,while it significantly affects Raman relaxation due to the modulated phonon mode scheme.All reported compounds exhibit strong visible light absorption due to a series of electronic transitions of pzdo ligands and[M(CN)8]4−ions and the appearance of low energy anion–π charge transfer band involving pzdo and octacyanidometallates.These charge transfer states were utilized in achieving the sensitized near-infrared photoluminescence of Er^(Ⅲ) and Yb^(Ⅲ) centers;thus,the energy transfer process is strongly dependent on the nature of the metal centre in the[M^(Ⅳ)(CN)8]4−ion.The W(Ⅳ)-pzdo system is a good sensitizer for Er^(Ⅲ),while the Mo(Ⅳ)-pzdo unit is better for Yb^(Ⅲ) emission which can be rationalized in terms of the positions of energy levels of their respective donor states.Therefore,we report NIR emissive Er^(Ⅲ) and Yb^(Ⅲ) single-molecule magnets with tunable magnetic and optical properties,uncovering the crucial role of octacyanidometallates and their anion–π interactions with pzdo ligands.展开更多
Lanthanide(Ⅲ)single-molecule magnets(SMMs)are a tool for the combination of molecular nanomagnetism with luminescent thermometry,opening the pathway not only for broadened multifunctionality but also for the optical ...Lanthanide(Ⅲ)single-molecule magnets(SMMs)are a tool for the combination of molecular nanomagnetism with luminescent thermometry,opening the pathway not only for broadened multifunctionality but also for the optical self-monitoring of temperature in SMM-based systems.Usually,this goal is realized by exploring the intrinsic properties of a single lanthanide(Ln)ion.We present an innovative strategy based on embedding magnetically anisotropic Ln(Ⅲ)centers into a red-emissive coordination system based on Eu(Ⅲ)complexes of a nonmagnetic ground state.This concept is presented for novel cyanido-bridged chains,{[LnⅢ(dppmO_(2))_(3)][AgI(CN)_(2)]}[OTf]_(2)(Ln=Eu,EuAg;Ln=Er,ErAg;Ln=Yb,YbAg;Ln=Er_(0.05)Eu_(0.95),Er@EuAg;Ln=Yb_(0.04)Eu_(0.96),Yb@EuAg;dppmO_(2)=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane dioxide;OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate).The Ln(Ⅲ)coordination sphere,consisting of O,O-bidentate dppmO_(2) ligands occupying the equatorial positions and two axially aligned cyanido bridges,generates the distinct SMM characteristics of Er(Ⅲ)/Yb(Ⅲ)centers.Alternatively,the strong photoluminescence of Eu(Ⅲ)in EuAg exhibits pronounced thermal variation of the excitation spectrum,which is employed for ratiometric optical thermometry,revealing a relative thermal sensitivity(Sr)of up to 2.1%K^(−1) at 55 K and a good thermometric response below 110 K.The incorporation of Er(Ⅲ)/Yb(Ⅲ)centers into the Eu(Ⅲ)-based framework leads to heterotrimetallic Er@EuAg and Yb@EuAg systems,which link the SMM features with luminescent thermometry.Both physical properties are enhanced upon mixing of the Ln(Ⅲ)centers,as depicted by the slowdown of magnetic relaxation,especially for Er(Ⅲ),due to the Eu(Ⅲ)-induced weakening of the quantum tunneling of magnetization,which is accompanied by the improved thermometric response,including an increase in the maximal Sr to 3.3%K^(−1) and broadening of its operating range to 150 K,due to the structural distortion induced by Er(Ⅲ)/Yb(Ⅲ)centers.展开更多
Based on the underlying graphene lattice symmetry and an itinerant magnetism model on a bipartite lattice,we propose a unifi ed geometric rule for designing graphene-based magnetic nanostructures:spins are parallel(fe...Based on the underlying graphene lattice symmetry and an itinerant magnetism model on a bipartite lattice,we propose a unifi ed geometric rule for designing graphene-based magnetic nanostructures:spins are parallel(ferromagnetic(FM))on all zigzag edges which are at angles of 0°and 120°to each other,and antiparallel(antiferromagnetic(AF))at angles of 60°and 180°.The rule is found to be consistent with all the systems that have been studied so far.Applying the rule,we predict several novel graphene-based magnetic nanostructures:0-D FM nanodots with the highest possible magnetic moments,1-D FM nanoribbons,and 2-D magnetic superlattices.展开更多
Nanomagnets are widely used to store information in non-volatile spintronic devices.Spin waves can transfer information with low-power consumption as their propagations are independent of charge transport.However,to d...Nanomagnets are widely used to store information in non-volatile spintronic devices.Spin waves can transfer information with low-power consumption as their propagations are independent of charge transport.However,to dynamically couple two distant nanomagnets via spin waves remains a major challenge for magnonics.Here we experimentally demonstrate coherent coupling of two distant Co nanowires by fast propagating spin waves in an yttrium iron garnet thin film with sub-50 nm wavelengths.Magnons in two nanomagnets are unidirectionally phase-locked with phase shifts controlled by magnon spin torque and spin-wave propagation.The coupled system is finally formulated by an analytical theory in terms of an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian.Our results are attractive for analog neuromorphic computing that requires unidirectional information transmission.展开更多
文摘A novel nanomagnetic organogel was synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization-crosslinking method using dodecyl methacrylate(DDMA) and styrene(St) as monomers, divinylbenzene(DVB) as a crosslinking agent, azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) as an initiator, and Fe_3O_4 as a nanomagnetic particle. Modification of the network was carried out by inclusion of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT) into the organogel matrix. The structure of the nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM,TEM, TGA/DTG, VSM, and BET analysis. The effects of various parameters such as the amount of crosslinker, initiator, Fe_3O_4, and reaction time as well as monomer ratio on the oil absorption of the organogel were studied. The synthesized organogel can absorb about35.5, 22.1, 29.86, 14.58, 17.6, 15.3, and 13.7 g·g^(-1) of CHCl_3, toluene, CH_2Cl_2, hexane, crude oil, gasoline, and diesel oil, under the optimized polymerization conditions, respectively. The nanocomposite organogels can be easily separated by a magnetic field after absorption of organic solvents.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB934601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51125001 and 51172005)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(Grant No.2122022)the Doctoral Program,China(Grant No.20120001110078)
文摘Nanomagnetism is the origin of many unique properties in magnetic nanomaterials that can be used as building blocks in information technology, spintronics, and biomedicine. Progresses in nanomagnetic principles, distinct magnetic nanostructures, and the biomedical applications of nanomagnetism are summarized.
基金Department of Science and Technology,Government of India,NewDelhi,for financial support through Early Career Research Award(Grant No.:ECR/2017/000339).
文摘Cancer therapy is a fast-emerging biomedical paradigm that elevates the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of a nanovector for identification,monitoring,targeting,and post-treatment response analysis.Nanovectors of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(SPION)are of tremendous significance in cancer therapy because of their inherited high surface area,high reactivity,biocompatibility,superior contrast,and magnetic and photo-inducibility properties.In addition to a brief introduction,we summarize various progressive aspects of nanomagnets pertaining to their production with an emphasis on sustainable biomimetic approaches.Post-synthesis particulate and surface alterations in terms of pharmaco-affinity,liquid accessibility,and biocompatibility to facilitate cancer therapy are highlighted.SPION parameters including particle contrast,core-fusions,surface area,reactivity,photosensitivity,photodynamics,and photothermal properties,which facilitate diverse cancer diagnostics,are discussed.We also elaborate on the concept of magnetism to selectively focus chemotherapeutics on tumors,cell sorting,purification of bioentities,and elimination of toxins.Finally,while addressing the toxicity of nanomaterials,the advent of ultrasmall nanomagnets as a healthier alternative with superior properties and compatible cellular interactions is reviewed.In summary,these discussions spotlight the versatility and integration of multitasking nanomagnets and ultrasmall nanomagnets for diverse cancer theragnostics.
文摘Based on a classical Heisenberg lattice model with dipole-dipole interaction and the method of spin dynamic simulation, the magnetic configurations (MC), hysteresis loops (HL) and magnetic resistance (MR) of the nanomagnets with different geometries, such as circle, square and rectangle, are studied for different directions of applied field. In the case of perpendicular field to the plane, the magnetization and MR are reversible and have not hysteresis. When the field is applied in the plane, the HL is irreversible and is qualitatively well agreeable with the current experimental results. The MR loop is also irreversible and appears two peaks distributed at two sides around zero field. The peaks of magnetic resistance are relative to the vortex state or similar configuration. Large easy-axis anisotropy will suppress the MC anisotropy, and the large magnetoresistance effect disappears.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11074154, 11074184, and 11075099the National Science Funding of Zhejiang Province under Grant No. Y6090001
文摘Based on the strong magnetic anisotropy along the symmetry of the crystal, we construct a U（2） non-Abelian gauge potential for the molecular nanomagnet Mn12 by varying the external magnetic field adiabatically. Moreover, the non-Abelian geometric phase and the unitary matrix operation, which are tile key steps to realize the universal holonomic quantum computing in the degenerate subspace, are also obtained by means of choosing an evolution path properly.
基金financial support of this study by Shiraz University Research Council
文摘A new method employing magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 as a catalyst and H2O2 as a green oxidant is developed for the oxidative thiocyanation of aromatic amines, anisols and activated phenols with high yields under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture using an external magnet and reused in several reaction cycles without loss of activity.
文摘We investigate bias and different barrier thicknesses effects on quantities related to spin and charge currents in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions. Using the non-Equilibrium Green＇s function formalism, we demonstrate that the in-plane and out-of-plane components of the spin-transfer torque have asymmetric and symmetric behaviors respectively. Magneto-resistance also decreases with increasing barrier thickness. The Landau–Lifshits–Gilbert equation describes the dynamics of the magnetization made by spin transfer torque. Increasing in spin current above its critical value or smaller the magnet reduces the switching time which is major result for making of new memory devices.
基金financed by the National Science Centre,Poland,within the OPUS-15 project,grant no.2018/29/B/ST5/00337supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,the Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research,grant no.15H05697.
文摘The self-assembly of lanthanide(3+)ions with pyrazine N,N′-dioxide(pzdo)and bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium(PPN+)salts of diamagnetic octacyanidometallates of MoIV and WIV results in one-dimensional(PPN)[LnIII(pzdo)2(MeOH)0.3(H2O)3.7][MIV(CN)8]·7.7H2O·2MeOH(Ln=Er and Yb;M=Mo and W)coordination networks.They are constructed of zigzag metal–organic{LnIII(μ-pzdo)}n chains with terminal[MIV(CN)8]4−metalloligands attached to the LnIII centres.Both Er-and Yb-containing frameworks exhibit field-induced slow magnetic relaxation originating from the field-dependent equilibrium between quantum tunnelling of magnetization and the direct process along with the temperature-dependent Raman and Orbach relaxation processes.Transition metal substitution on[MIV(CN)8]4−sites modifies the intrinsic magnetic anisotropy of lanthanides,as depicted by the subtle change of thermal energy barriers of Orbach relaxation in Er-based systems,while it significantly affects Raman relaxation due to the modulated phonon mode scheme.All reported compounds exhibit strong visible light absorption due to a series of electronic transitions of pzdo ligands and[M(CN)8]4−ions and the appearance of low energy anion–π charge transfer band involving pzdo and octacyanidometallates.These charge transfer states were utilized in achieving the sensitized near-infrared photoluminescence of Er^(Ⅲ) and Yb^(Ⅲ) centers;thus,the energy transfer process is strongly dependent on the nature of the metal centre in the[M^(Ⅳ)(CN)8]4−ion.The W(Ⅳ)-pzdo system is a good sensitizer for Er^(Ⅲ),while the Mo(Ⅳ)-pzdo unit is better for Yb^(Ⅲ) emission which can be rationalized in terms of the positions of energy levels of their respective donor states.Therefore,we report NIR emissive Er^(Ⅲ) and Yb^(Ⅲ) single-molecule magnets with tunable magnetic and optical properties,uncovering the crucial role of octacyanidometallates and their anion–π interactions with pzdo ligands.
基金the National Science Center of Poland,the OPUS-21 project(2021/41/B/ST5/02544).
文摘Lanthanide(Ⅲ)single-molecule magnets(SMMs)are a tool for the combination of molecular nanomagnetism with luminescent thermometry,opening the pathway not only for broadened multifunctionality but also for the optical self-monitoring of temperature in SMM-based systems.Usually,this goal is realized by exploring the intrinsic properties of a single lanthanide(Ln)ion.We present an innovative strategy based on embedding magnetically anisotropic Ln(Ⅲ)centers into a red-emissive coordination system based on Eu(Ⅲ)complexes of a nonmagnetic ground state.This concept is presented for novel cyanido-bridged chains,{[LnⅢ(dppmO_(2))_(3)][AgI(CN)_(2)]}[OTf]_(2)(Ln=Eu,EuAg;Ln=Er,ErAg;Ln=Yb,YbAg;Ln=Er_(0.05)Eu_(0.95),Er@EuAg;Ln=Yb_(0.04)Eu_(0.96),Yb@EuAg;dppmO_(2)=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane dioxide;OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate).The Ln(Ⅲ)coordination sphere,consisting of O,O-bidentate dppmO_(2) ligands occupying the equatorial positions and two axially aligned cyanido bridges,generates the distinct SMM characteristics of Er(Ⅲ)/Yb(Ⅲ)centers.Alternatively,the strong photoluminescence of Eu(Ⅲ)in EuAg exhibits pronounced thermal variation of the excitation spectrum,which is employed for ratiometric optical thermometry,revealing a relative thermal sensitivity(Sr)of up to 2.1%K^(−1) at 55 K and a good thermometric response below 110 K.The incorporation of Er(Ⅲ)/Yb(Ⅲ)centers into the Eu(Ⅲ)-based framework leads to heterotrimetallic Er@EuAg and Yb@EuAg systems,which link the SMM features with luminescent thermometry.Both physical properties are enhanced upon mixing of the Ln(Ⅲ)centers,as depicted by the slowdown of magnetic relaxation,especially for Er(Ⅲ),due to the Eu(Ⅲ)-induced weakening of the quantum tunneling of magnetization,which is accompanied by the improved thermometric response,including an increase in the maximal Sr to 3.3%K^(−1) and broadening of its operating range to 150 K,due to the structural distortion induced by Er(Ⅲ)/Yb(Ⅲ)centers.
基金The work at Utah is supported by DOEthe work at IOP is supported by NSFC+1 种基金the work at UoW is supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery grantLiu also acknowledges support by an ARC international professorial fellowship and Dr.X.L.Wang for helping to prepare the figures.First principles calculations were performed on computers at DOE-NERSC and CHPC of University of Utah.
文摘Based on the underlying graphene lattice symmetry and an itinerant magnetism model on a bipartite lattice,we propose a unifi ed geometric rule for designing graphene-based magnetic nanostructures:spins are parallel(ferromagnetic(FM))on all zigzag edges which are at angles of 0°and 120°to each other,and antiparallel(antiferromagnetic(AF))at angles of 60°and 180°.The rule is found to be consistent with all the systems that have been studied so far.Applying the rule,we predict several novel graphene-based magnetic nanostructures:0-D FM nanodots with the highest possible magnetic moments,1-D FM nanoribbons,and 2-D magnetic superlattices.
基金We wish to acknowledge the support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFA0300802 and 2017YFA0206200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.11674020,12074026 and U1801661)+6 种基金the 111 talent program B16001G.B.was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research(NWO)and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Kakenhi Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(No.19H006450)T.Y.was funded through the Emmy Noether Program of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(SE 2558/2-1)K.X.thanks the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0303304 and 2018YFB0407601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61774017 and 11734004)K.S.was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018EYT02)M.Z.W.were supported by the US National Science Foundation(No.EFMA-1641989).
文摘Nanomagnets are widely used to store information in non-volatile spintronic devices.Spin waves can transfer information with low-power consumption as their propagations are independent of charge transport.However,to dynamically couple two distant nanomagnets via spin waves remains a major challenge for magnonics.Here we experimentally demonstrate coherent coupling of two distant Co nanowires by fast propagating spin waves in an yttrium iron garnet thin film with sub-50 nm wavelengths.Magnons in two nanomagnets are unidirectionally phase-locked with phase shifts controlled by magnon spin torque and spin-wave propagation.The coupled system is finally formulated by an analytical theory in terms of an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian.Our results are attractive for analog neuromorphic computing that requires unidirectional information transmission.
