With the rapid development of modern electronic technology,the demand for high-performance microwave absorption materials has increased dramatically.In order to meet this demand,the electrospinning of FeNiCo/carbon na...With the rapid development of modern electronic technology,the demand for high-performance microwave absorption materials has increased dramatically.In order to meet this demand,the electrospinning of FeNiCo/carbon nanofiber(FeNiCo/CNF)composites with excellent microwave absorption properties was developed,and their potential as high frequency microwave absorption materials was evaluated.Experiment showed that FeNiCo/CNFs achieve a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of−55.5 dB with a matching thickness of only 1.6 mm.Microstructure analysis and electromagnetic parameter testing showed that the excellent microwave absorbing properties were mainly due to the combined effect of the network structure of carbon nanofibers and the FeNiCo alloy.This interaction promotes multiple reflections and the efficient absorption of microwaves.Computer simulation also showed that the FeNiCo/CNF composites produce an excellent radar cross-section reduction in typical radar operating frequency bands,which validates their potential application in stealth technology.This is a new concept in the development of high-performance microwave absorption materials.展开更多
Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) is a promising high-voltage cathode for zincion batteries,but it suffers from a poor electronic conductivity and vanadium dissolution in aqueous electrolytes.The growth of carboncoated Li_(3)V_...Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) is a promising high-voltage cathode for zincion batteries,but it suffers from a poor electronic conductivity and vanadium dissolution in aqueous electrolytes.The growth of carboncoated Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(LVP@C)nanoparticles on carbon nanofibers(CNFs)has been achieved by an electrospinning technique followed by calcination.The protective carbon coating prevents the aggregation of the LVP nanoparticles and suppresses V dissolution by preventing direct contact with aqueous electrolytes.The CNFs derived from the electrospun nanofibers provide a 3D network to increase the electronic conductivity of the LVP electrode,and the LVP@C-CNF hybrid film can be directly used as a freestanding cathode for zinc-ion batteries without adding conductive additives and binders.A mechanism for the formation of a uniform and continuous carbon coating has been proposed.This nanostructure,combined with the uniform and intact carbon coverage,significantly increases the electronic conductivity.This LVP@C-CNF freestanding electrode has an excellent rate capability(47.3%retention at 2 C)and cycling stability(61.2%retention after 100 cycles)within the voltage range 0.6 V to 1.95 V and is highly suitable for zinc-ion battery applications.展开更多
A novel hierarchical porous metal-organic framework(MOF)-based hollow carbon nanofiber mat(CNFM)was prepared through a facile electrospinning process followed by carbonization.Two immiscible polymers,polyacrylonitrile...A novel hierarchical porous metal-organic framework(MOF)-based hollow carbon nanofiber mat(CNFM)was prepared through a facile electrospinning process followed by carbonization.Two immiscible polymers,polyacrylonitrile/polymethyl methacrylate(PAN/PMMA),and porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)particles were selected as components for the electrospinning suspension.The resulting PPZ-CNFM-1–2–2(PAN:PMMA:ZIF8=1:2:2,mass ratio)exhibited a hollow tubular structure with uniformly distributed dense hollow-spheres on the tube walls.The obtained CNFM possessed a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area(SBET)of 1696 m2/g and total pore volume of 2.74 cm^(3)/g,which are comparable to those achieved by traditional physical or chemical activation methods.This MOF-based CNFM demonstrated excellent adsorption performance towards ciprofloxacin(CIP),exhibiting a high static adsorption capacity of approximately 600 mg/g and achieving adsorption equilibrium withing only 1 h.The exceptional adsorption capacity can be attributed to its high SBET and abundant pores that accommodate CIP molecules,while the rapid adsorption rate is facilitated by the presence of hollow-sphere and hollow tubular structures in the carbon nanofibers.Furthermore,the study revealed the significant contributions of pore-filling effect during the adsorption process.Fixed-bed experiments confirmed that this MOF-based hollow CNFM holds great potential for large-scale applications in purifying CIP-contaminated water.展开更多
Integrating inorganic fillers into polymer-based 3D printing filaments is an effective strategy for improving thermal conduction but often compromises mechanical properties.In this study,we introduced electrospun poly...Integrating inorganic fillers into polymer-based 3D printing filaments is an effective strategy for improving thermal conduction but often compromises mechanical properties.In this study,we introduced electrospun polymer nanofibers(NF)into thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)filaments alongside a ceramic filler,boron nitride(BN).By combining these organic(NF)and inorganic(BN)fillers,we created a dual-filler filament(TPU/BN/NF)that exhibited enhanced thermal conduction pathways without sacrificing the mechanical strength and electrical insulation.Comprehensive characterization demonstrated that BN improved heat transport,while a small fraction of electrospun NF effectively modulated the tensile modulus and partially recovered the strength lost upon BN addition.Finite element simulations further elucidated the influence of the nanofiber content,orientation,and length-to-diameter ratio on the mechanical performance.Notably,the dual-filler filaments retained good printability in standard fused deposition modeling(FDM)systems at optimized temperatures(about 210??℃).These findings offer a scalable approach for engineer multifunctional 3D printing filaments for 3D-printed thermal management products that require both thermal conduction performance and high insulation.展开更多
Recovery of palladium from spent catalysts is of great practical significance for the construction of ecological civilization and resource recycling.However,for environmentally friendly adsorption methods,designing sp...Recovery of palladium from spent catalysts is of great practical significance for the construction of ecological civilization and resource recycling.However,for environmentally friendly adsorption methods,designing specialized capture vacancies with high capacity and precise selectivity for Pd(Ⅱ) ions remains a challenge.Herein,a salicylic acid-modified nanofiber(SANF),exhibiting specific spatial configuration and constructing a capture vacancy by "O-O" of hard bases,was designed and employed for recovering and separating palladium.The adsorption results indicated that the SANF exhibited a fast capture rate(reaching adsorption equilibrium within60 min) and a large capture capacity(about 170 mg/g) for Pd(Ⅱ) ions,and the capture process was exothermic and spontaneous.Additionally,the Lewis basicity of the capture vacancy after tuning better matches the Lewis acidity of Pd(Ⅱ) ions,which achieves a high-selectivity separation of Pd(Ⅱ) ions(selectivity coefficient for K(Ⅰ),Na(Ⅰ) Ca(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ) and Al(Ⅲ) ions are 1505.2,10,536.7,1128.9,2634.2 and 2873.6,respectively).Practical applications showed that SANF was enabled to recover Pd(Ⅱ) ions from spent catalyst leachate and achieved four time adsorption-desorption cycles,possessing some industrial promise.Furthermore,the matching mechanism between the Lewis basicity of the capture vacancy and the Lewis acidity of the Pd(Ⅱ) ions was revealed through series characterization and theoretical calculations.Finally,it is proposed a Lewis basicity tuning strategy founded on a specific spatial structure,provides a new insight for the design and construction of a capture vacancy for Pd(Ⅱ) ions in the future.展开更多
Purpose of this novel review article is to unfold the current scientific worth of high performance polymer nanocomposite nanofibers,owing to growing scientific interests in this field.Accordingly,this state-of-the-art...Purpose of this novel review article is to unfold the current scientific worth of high performance polymer nanocomposite nanofibers,owing to growing scientific interests in this field.Accordingly,this state-of-the-art manuscript has been systematically categorized into distinct sections related to(i)fundamentals of carbonaceous nanoreinforcements,(ii)design-structure-property-performance aspects of different categories of polymer nanocomposite nanofibers(conducting polymers,thermoplastics,and thermosets with carbonaceous nanofillers carbon nanotubes,graphene,fullerene),and then(iii)existing scientific worth(energy devices,electronics,space/defense,environmental sectors),future prospects,challenges,and conclusions.As per literature to date,polymer/carbonaceous nanocomposite nanofibers had myriad of advantageous physical characters(morphologies,electrical/charge conduction,thermal conduction,mechanical/thermal resistance,anticorrosion,permeability,radiation absorption).Notably,among conducting polymer nanofibers,polyaniline/carbon nanotube nanofibers revealed superior specific capacitance(~380 Fg^(-1))due to interfacial synergies and electron/charge transfer.Moreover,poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/fullerene nanofibers revealed power conversion efficiency~3.6%.Out of thermoplastic systems,poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon nanotube nanofibers have been designed for piezoelectric sensors(pressure sensitivity~0.28 kPa^(-1))and toxicmetal ion sensors(lead(II)).In addition,cellulose/carbonaceous nanocomposite nanofibers have been applied for supercapacitor electrodes(specific capacitance~250 Fg^(-1))and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness(~64-70 dB).Furthermore,epoxy/carbon nanotube nanocomposites revealed~20%-40% enhancements in tensile strength and shear strength due to load transfer properties.As per literature,technological performance of these materials depends upon types/amount of polymers,nanocarbons,and processing methods/parameters used.Owing to novelty of topic,outline,and literature coverage,this review will serve as an all-inclusive guide for concerned field researchers to carry out further industrial scale advancements in the field of nanocomposite nanofibers.展开更多
Advanced healthcare monitors for air pollution applications pose a significant challenge in achieving a balance between high-performance filtration and multifunctional smart integration.Electrospinning triboelectric n...Advanced healthcare monitors for air pollution applications pose a significant challenge in achieving a balance between high-performance filtration and multifunctional smart integration.Electrospinning triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG)provide a significant potential for use under such difficult circumstances.We have successfully constructed a high-performance TENG utilizing a novel multi-scale nanofiber architecture.Nylon 66(PA66)and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt(HACC)composites were prepared by electrospinning,and PA66/H multiscale nanofiber membranes composed of nanofibers(≈73 nm)and submicron-fibers(≈123 nm)were formed.PA66/H multi-scale nanofiber membrane as the positive electrode and negative electrode-spun PVDF-HFP nanofiber membrane composed of respiration-driven PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG.The resulting PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG based air filter utilizes electrostatic adsorption and physical interception mechanisms,achieving PM_(0.3)filtration efficiency over 99%with a pressure drop of only 48 Pa.Besides,PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG exhibits excellent stability in high-humidity environments,with filtration efficiency reduced by less than 1%.At the same time,the TENG achieves periodic contact separation through breathing drive to achieve self-power,which can ensure the long-term stability of the filtration efficiency.In addition to the air filtration function,TENG can also monitor health in real time by capturing human breathing signals without external power supply.This integrated system combines high-efficiency air filtration,self-powered operation,and health monitoring,presenting an innovative solution for air purification,smart protective equipment,and portable health monitoring.These findings highlight the potential of this technology for diverse applications,offering a promising direction for advancing multifunctional air filtration systems.展开更多
As the pace of urban life accelerates,plastic wrap has become an everyday necessity.However,traditional petroleum-based plastic wrap is difficult to degrade and prone to releasing harmful plasticizers.Therefore,develo...As the pace of urban life accelerates,plastic wrap has become an everyday necessity.However,traditional petroleum-based plastic wrap is difficult to degrade and prone to releasing harmful plasticizers.Therefore,developing sustainable,biodegradable,and high-performance alternative materials is crucial.Inspired by the cellulose-gum reinforcement mechanism in flaxseed hulls,this study utilized flaxseed hulls as raw material.Through hot water washing,alkali boiling,and bleaching,high-purity insoluble cellulose(FC)was extracted.Subsequently,flaxseed hull cellulose nanofibers(FCN)were prepared via TEMPO oxidation and ultrasonic treatment.Using FC and FCN,an all-natural cellulose-flaxseed gum composite membrane(CM)was constructed,where FCN serves as the framework and flaxseed gum acts as the binder,forming a dense structure.This composite membrane demonstrated effectiveness in nut preservation,significantly delaying nut oxidation and providing a viable pathway for sustainable food packaging.展开更多
The lack of macro-continuity and mechanical strength of covalent organic frameworks(COFs)has significantly limited their practical applications.Here,we propose an“alcohol-triggered defect cleavage”strategy to precis...The lack of macro-continuity and mechanical strength of covalent organic frameworks(COFs)has significantly limited their practical applications.Here,we propose an“alcohol-triggered defect cleavage”strategy to precisely regulate the growth and stacking of COF grains through a moderate reversed Schiff base reaction,realizing the direct synthesis of COF nanofibers(CNFs)with high aspect ratio(L/D=103.05)and long length(>20μm).An individual CNF exhibits a biomimetic scale-like architecture,achieving superior flexibility and fatigue resistance under dynamic bending via a multiscale stress dissipation mechanism.Taking advantages of these structural features,we engineer CNF aerogels(CNF-As)with programmable porous structures(e.g.,honeycomb,lamellar,isotropic)via directional ice-template methodology.CNF-As demonstrate 100%COF content,high specific surface area(396.15 m^(2)g^(-1))and superelasticity(~0%elastic deformation after 500 compression cycles at 50%strain),outperforming most COF-based counterparts.Compared with the conventional COF aerogels,the unique structural features of CNF-A enable it to perform outstandingly in uranium extraction,with an 11.72-fold increment in adsorption capacity(920.12 mg g^(-1))and adsorption rate(89.9%),and a 2.48-fold improvement in selectivity(U/V=2.31).This study provides a direct strategy for the development of next-generation COF materials with outstanding functionality and structural robustness.展开更多
With the miniaturization and high-frequency evolution of antennas in 5G/6G communications,aerospace,and transportation,polymer composite papers integrating superior wave-transparent performance and thermal conductivit...With the miniaturization and high-frequency evolution of antennas in 5G/6G communications,aerospace,and transportation,polymer composite papers integrating superior wave-transparent performance and thermal conductivity for radar antenna systems are urgently needed.Herein,a down-top strategy was employed to synthesize poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)precursor nanofibers(prePNF).The prePNF was then uniformly mixed with fluorinated graphene(FG)to fabricate FG/PNF composite papers through consecutively suction filtration,hot-pressing,and thermal annealing.The hydroxyl and amino groups in prePNF enhanced the stability of FG/prePNF dispersion,while the increasedπ-πinteractions between PNF and FG after annealing improved their compatibility.The preparation time and cost of PNF paper was significantly reduced when applying this strategy,which enabled its large-scale production.Furthermore,the prepared FG/PNF composite papers exhibited excellent wave-transparent performance and thermal conductivity.When the mass fraction of FG was 40 wt%,the FG/PNF composite paper prepared via the down-top strategy achieved the wave-transparent coefficient(|T|2)of 96.3%under 10 GHz,in-plane thermal conductivity(λ_(∥))of 7.13 W m^(−1)K^(−1),and through-plane thermal conductivity(λ_(⊥))of 0.67 W m^(−1)K^(−1),outperforming FG/PNF composite paper prepared by the top-down strategy(|T|2=95.9%,λ_(∥)=5.52 W m^(−1)K^(−1),λ_(⊥)=0.52 W m^(−1)K^(−1))and pure PNF paper(|T|2=94.7%,λ_(∥)=3.04 W m^(−1)K^(−1),λ_(⊥)=0.24 W m^(−1)K^(−1)).Meanwhile,FG/PNF composite paper(with 40 wt%FG)through the down-top strategy also demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties with tensile strength and toughness reaching 197.4 MPa and 11.6 MJ m^(−3),respectively.展开更多
Constructing nanofibers with specific therapeutic effects against cancer is a challenge.Here,we present the synthesis approach and application prospects of supramolecular nanofibers,which are based on cucurbit[8]uril(...Constructing nanofibers with specific therapeutic effects against cancer is a challenge.Here,we present the synthesis approach and application prospects of supramolecular nanofibers,which are based on cucurbit[8]uril(CB[8])as the host and terpyridine lanthanum ions metal complex as the vip,constructed by layer-by-layer self-assembly through supramolecular interaction.Moreover,nanofibers with lanthanide luminescence properties exhibit surprising pH-responsive deformation properties and antibacterial behavior.In the tumor micro-environment,the dramatic reduction in the size of the nanofibers enables specific and hierarchical release of anticancer drugs in tumor cells to exert an advanced therapeutic effect.In addition,the synergistic therapeutic efficacy was achieved by reducing the excess of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria surrounding tumor cells.The novel supramolecular nanofibers with sequential drug release and combined therapeutic mode provide new guidance for the synthesis of drug carrier materials and direction for the promotion of nanomaterial-mediated cancer therapy.展开更多
Ceramic aerogels(CAs)have emerged as a significant research frontier across various applications due to their lightweight,high porosity,and easily tunable structural characteristics.However,the intrinsic weak interact...Ceramic aerogels(CAs)have emerged as a significant research frontier across various applications due to their lightweight,high porosity,and easily tunable structural characteristics.However,the intrinsic weak interactions among the constituent nanoparticles,coupled with the limited toughness of traditional CAs,make them susceptible to structural collapse or even catastrophic failure when exposed to complex mechanical external forces.Unlike 0D building units,1D ceramic nanofibers(CNFs)possess a high aspect ratio and exceptional flexibility simultaneously,which are desirable building blocks for elastic CAs.This review presents the recent progress in electrospun ceramic nanofibrous aerogels(ECNFAs)that are constructed using ECNFs as building blocks,focusing on the various preparation methods and corresponding structural characteristics,strategies for optimizing mechanical performance,and a wide range of applications.The methods for preparing ECNFs and ECNFAs with diverse structures were initially explored,followed by the implementation of optimization strategies for enhancing ECNFAs,emphasizing the improvement of reinforcing the ECNFs,establishing the bonding effects between ECNFs,and designing the aggregate structures of the aerogels.Moreover,the applications of ECNFAs across various fields are also discussed.Finally,it highlights the existing challenges and potential opportunities for ECNFAs to achieve superior properties and realize promising prospects.展开更多
Nanofiber carbon aerogels with 3D interconnected microfibrillar networks exhibit fascinating physical properties and present great application potential.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic nanofi...Nanofiber carbon aerogels with 3D interconnected microfibrillar networks exhibit fascinating physical properties and present great application potential.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic nanofiber carbon aerogels owing to their extremely dilute brittle interconnections and poor fiber toughness after carbonization.Herein,aramid nanofibers(ANF)/nanocellulose(CNF)dual-fibrous carbon aerogels are prepared,which exhibited supercompressibility and superelasticity due to the"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect of ANF and CNF and the design of in-plane micro-wrinkle honeycomb structure.The"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect improves interfacial interactions of nanofibers and optimizes the stress distribution of carbon aerogel.The highly ordered honeycomb structure with in-plane microwrinkles,formed by the bidirectional freezing and the difference in volume shrinkage during the carbonization between CNFs and ANFs,endows the CNF/ANF carbon aerogel with negative Poisson's ratio and high energy absorption capacity.These strategies significantly improve the overall mechanical properties of ANF/CNF carbon aerogel including the elasticity and fatigue resistance.As a result,the ultralight carbon aerogel(3.46 mg/cm^(3))exhibits excellent supercompression(undergoing an extreme strain of 95%)and elasticity(a stress retention up to 81.38% at 90% strain with 500 cycles and 96.15% at 50%strain with 10,000 cycles).The nanofiber carbon aerogel shows excellent multifunctional properties in flexible piezoresistive sensor and anisotropic thermal insulation materials,including a desirable sensitivity(as high as 48.74 kPa^(-1))and an instant response time(~40 ms),an anisotropy factor of 3.69 and an ultralow radial thermal conductivity(0.012 W m^(-1) K^(-1)).These properties make dual-fibrous carbon aerogels highly attractive in pressure sensors and thermal management applications.展开更多
Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longr...Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longrange continuous structure of the nanofiber,ion-charged groups can be induced to form long-range continuous ion transfer channels in the nanofiber composite membrane,significantly increasing the ion conductivity of the membrane.This review stands apart from previous endeavors by offering a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed over the past decade in utilizing both electrospun and natural nanofibers as key components of proton exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes for fuel cells.Electrospun nanofibers are categorized based on their material properties into two primary groups:(1)ionomer nanofibers,inherently endowed with the ability to conduct H+(such as perfluorosulfonic acid or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone))or OH-(e.g.,FAA-3),and(2)nonionic polymer nanofibers,comprising inert polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride,polytetrafluoroethylene,and polyacrylonitrile.Notably,the latter often necessitates surface modifications to impart ion transport channels,given their inherent proton inertness.Furthermore,this review delves into the recent progress made with three natural nanofibers derived from biodegradable cellulose—cellulose nanocrystals,cellulose nanofibers,and bacterial nanofibers—as crucial elements in polyelectrolyte membranes.The effect of the physical structure of such nanofibers on polyelectrolyte membrane properties is also briefly discussed.Lastly,the review emphasizes the challenges and outlines potential solutions for future research in the field of nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes,aiming to propel the development of high-performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells.展开更多
Tetracycline(TC)is a broad-spectrum antibiotic,and its residues in the environment and food are harmful to human health.Therefore,it is essential to rapidly,sensitively,and conveniently detect TC.In this work,we devel...Tetracycline(TC)is a broad-spectrum antibiotic,and its residues in the environment and food are harmful to human health.Therefore,it is essential to rapidly,sensitively,and conveniently detect TC.In this work,we developed a portable silicon nanoparticles chelated Europium(Ⅲ)-based polyacrylonitrile(Eu-SiNPs/PAN)nanofiber membrane for rapid,sensitive,and convenient detection of TC.The Eu-SiNPs were synthesized with a facile one-pot method.The Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membrane was fabricated by electrospinning,combining Eu-SiNPs and PAN with three-dimensional porous membrane structures and UV resistance.Both the Eu-SiNPs and the Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membranes have good selectivity and anti-interference ability towards TC.The combined merits of rapid response,long storage life,easy portability,and naked-eye recognition of TC make the Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membrane a promising material for convenient TC detection applications.The practicability of these nanofiber membranes was further verified by detecting TC in real samples,such as lake water,drinking water and honey,and achieved quantitative detection.展开更多
Manganese-based chalcogenides have significant potential as anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity, abundant natural reserves, and environmental friendliness. However, th...Manganese-based chalcogenides have significant potential as anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity, abundant natural reserves, and environmental friendliness. However, their application is hindered by poor cycling stability, resulting from severe volume changes during cycling and slow reaction kinetics due to their complex crystal structure. Here, an efficient and straightforward strategy was employed to in-situ encapsulate single-phase porous nanocubic MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5) into carbon nanofibers using electrospinning and the hard template method, thus forming a necklace-like porous MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)-carbon nanofiber composite(MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF). The introduction of Se significantly impacts both the composition and microstructure of MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5), including lattice distortion that generates additional defects, optimization of chemical bonds, and a nano-spatially confined design. In situ/ex-situ characterization and density functional theory calculations verified that this MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF allevi- ates the volume expansion and facilitates the transfer of Na+/electron. As expected, MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF anode demonstrates excellent sodium storage performance, characterized by high initial Coulombic efficiency(90.8%), high-rate capability(370.5 m Ahg^(-1) at 10 Ag^(-1)) and long durability(over 5000 cycles at 5 Ag^(-1)). The MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF//NVP@C full cell, assembled with MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF as anode and Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_4)_(3)@C as cathode, exhibits a high energy density of 254 Wh kg^(-1) can be provided. This work presents a novel strategy to optimize the design of anode materials through structural engineering and Se substitution, while also elucidating the underlying reaction mechanisms.展开更多
Polymer-based aerogels are emerging as promising candidates for lightweight and high performance electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption materials.In this study,an ultralight and rigid poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)nano...Polymer-based aerogels are emerging as promising candidates for lightweight and high performance electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption materials.In this study,an ultralight and rigid poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)nanofiber(PNF)based composite aerogel with excellent EM wave absorption performance was fabricated with cobalt-nickel alloy(CoNi)nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)as magnetic and conductive fillers,respectively.A CNT/PNF composite aerogel was first prepared through a sol-gel and freeze-drying method,and then CoNi nanoparticles were introduced therein through hydrothermal reaction and thermal annealing to obtain the CoNi/CNT/PNF aerogel.CNTs and PNFs were interwoven and constructed a three-dimensional conductive/magnetic cage-like skeleton structure decorating with magnetic CoNi nanoparticles.The cage-like skeleton structure allowed the dissipation of EM waves through multiple mechanisms encompassing conduction loss,magnetic loss,multiple reflection,scattering,and absorption.When its thickness was 4 mm,the CoNi/CNT/PNF aerogel showed a minimal reflection loss of-44.7 dB(at 6.88 GHz),and its broad effective absorption bandwidth covered the entire X-band and Ku-band and most of the C-band(12.32 GHz,from 5.68 GHz to 18 GHz).In addition,the rigid aerogel exhibited an ultralow density(0.107 g/cm^(3)),excellent thermal insulation,and flame retardancy,demonstrating its potential application as a high-performance EM wave absorption material in the fields of aerospace and national defense.展开更多
The development of efficient,cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for advancing zinc-air batteries(ZABs).This study presents Fe_(4)N nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon nanofi...The development of efficient,cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for advancing zinc-air batteries(ZABs).This study presents Fe_(4)N nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon nanofibers(Fe_(4)N@CNF-NH_(3))as a highly efficient ORR catalyst.The Fe_(4)N@CNF-NH_(3)catalyst was synthesized via electrospinning,followed by high-temperature annealing in an NH_(3)atmosphere.This electrospinning technique ensured the uniform dispersion of Fe_(4)N nanoparticles within the carbon nanofibers(CNFs),preventing agglomeration and enhancing the availability of active sites.Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the formation of Fe_(4)N nanoparticles with a lattice spacing of 0.213 nm,surrounded by graphitic carbon structures that significantly improved the material’s conductivity and stability.Electrochemical tests demonstrated that Fe_(4)N@CNF-NH_(3)exhibited superior ORR activity,with a half-wave potential of 0.904 V,surpassing that of commercial Pt/C catalysts.This enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of Fe_(4)N nanoparticles and the conductive carbon framework,which facilitated efficient charge and mass transfer during the ORR process.Density functional theory calculations further revealed that the introduction of CNFs positively shifted the d-band center of Fe atoms,optimizing oxygen intermediate adsorption and lowering energy barriers for ORR.The practical applicability of Fe_(4)N@CNF-NH_(3)was validated through the assembly of both liquid-state and solid-state ZABs,which exhibited excellent cycling stability,high power density,and superior discharge voltage.This study offers a promising strategy for developing highly active,low-cost ORR catalysts and advances the potential for the commercialization of ZABs.展开更多
Aramid papers (AP), made of aramid fibers, demonstrate superiority in electrical insulation applications. Unfortunately, the strength and electrical insulating properties of AP remain suboptimal, primarily due to the ...Aramid papers (AP), made of aramid fibers, demonstrate superiority in electrical insulation applications. Unfortunately, the strength and electrical insulating properties of AP remain suboptimal, primarily due to the smooth surface and chemical inertness of aramid fibers. Herein, AP are modified via the nacre-mimetic structure composed of aramid nanofibers (ANF) and carbonylated basalt nanosheets (CBSNs). This is achieved by impregnating AP into an ANF-CBSNs (A-C) suspension containing a 3D ANF framework as the matrix and 2D CBSNs as fillers. The resultant biomimetic composite papers (AP/A-C composite papers) exhibit a layered “brick-and-mortar” structure, demonstrating superior mechanical and electrical insulating properties. Notably, the tensile strength and breakdown strength of AP/A-C5 composite papers reach 39.69 MPa and 22.04 kV mm^(−1), respectively, representing a 155 % and 85 % increase compared to those of the control AP. These impressive properties are accompanied with excellent volume resistivity, exceptional dielectric properties, impressive folding endurance, outstanding heat insulation, and remarkable flame retardance. The nacre-inspired strategy offers an effective approach for producing highly promising electrical insulating papers for advanced electrical equipment.展开更多
High-entropy metal phosphide(HEMP)has considerable potential as an electrocatalyst owing to its beneficial properties,including high-entropy alloy synergy as well as the controllable structure and high conductivity of...High-entropy metal phosphide(HEMP)has considerable potential as an electrocatalyst owing to its beneficial properties,including high-entropy alloy synergy as well as the controllable structure and high conductivity of phosphides.Herein,electrospinning and in situ phosphating were employed to prepare three-dimensional(3D)networks of self-supporting HEMP nanofibers with varying degrees of phosphate content.Comprehensive characterizations via X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,as well as density functional theory calculations,demonstrate that the introduction of phosphorus(P)atoms to HEMP carbon nanofibers mediates their electronic structure,leads to lattice expansion,which in turn enhances their catalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Moreover,the formation of metal-P bonds weakens metal-metal interaction and decreases the free energy of hydrogen adsorption,contributing to the exceptional activity observed in the HEMP catalyst.Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the HEMP-0.75 catalyst with an ultralow loading of 1.22 wt%ruthenium(Ru)exhibits the highest HER catalytic activity and stability in a 1 M KOH electrolyte,achieving a minimal overpotential of 26 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)and Tafel slope of 50.9 mV·dec^(-1).展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021212205)Shanxi Province Major Science and Technology Special Project‘Jiebang Guashuai’Project(202101120401008)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52371231)Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province(202302040201008).
文摘With the rapid development of modern electronic technology,the demand for high-performance microwave absorption materials has increased dramatically.In order to meet this demand,the electrospinning of FeNiCo/carbon nanofiber(FeNiCo/CNF)composites with excellent microwave absorption properties was developed,and their potential as high frequency microwave absorption materials was evaluated.Experiment showed that FeNiCo/CNFs achieve a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of−55.5 dB with a matching thickness of only 1.6 mm.Microstructure analysis and electromagnetic parameter testing showed that the excellent microwave absorbing properties were mainly due to the combined effect of the network structure of carbon nanofibers and the FeNiCo alloy.This interaction promotes multiple reflections and the efficient absorption of microwaves.Computer simulation also showed that the FeNiCo/CNF composites produce an excellent radar cross-section reduction in typical radar operating frequency bands,which validates their potential application in stealth technology.This is a new concept in the development of high-performance microwave absorption materials.
文摘Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) is a promising high-voltage cathode for zincion batteries,but it suffers from a poor electronic conductivity and vanadium dissolution in aqueous electrolytes.The growth of carboncoated Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(LVP@C)nanoparticles on carbon nanofibers(CNFs)has been achieved by an electrospinning technique followed by calcination.The protective carbon coating prevents the aggregation of the LVP nanoparticles and suppresses V dissolution by preventing direct contact with aqueous electrolytes.The CNFs derived from the electrospun nanofibers provide a 3D network to increase the electronic conductivity of the LVP electrode,and the LVP@C-CNF hybrid film can be directly used as a freestanding cathode for zinc-ion batteries without adding conductive additives and binders.A mechanism for the formation of a uniform and continuous carbon coating has been proposed.This nanostructure,combined with the uniform and intact carbon coverage,significantly increases the electronic conductivity.This LVP@C-CNF freestanding electrode has an excellent rate capability(47.3%retention at 2 C)and cycling stability(61.2%retention after 100 cycles)within the voltage range 0.6 V to 1.95 V and is highly suitable for zinc-ion battery applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20227238)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276181 and 52300143)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Planning project of Fujian Province,China(Nos.2022H0045 and 2023I0035)the Youth Innovation Promotion Associ-ation CAS(No.2019307)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723082)the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Pro-gram of Xiamen Ocean and Fisheries Development Special Funds(No.23ZHZB032QCA20).
文摘A novel hierarchical porous metal-organic framework(MOF)-based hollow carbon nanofiber mat(CNFM)was prepared through a facile electrospinning process followed by carbonization.Two immiscible polymers,polyacrylonitrile/polymethyl methacrylate(PAN/PMMA),and porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)particles were selected as components for the electrospinning suspension.The resulting PPZ-CNFM-1–2–2(PAN:PMMA:ZIF8=1:2:2,mass ratio)exhibited a hollow tubular structure with uniformly distributed dense hollow-spheres on the tube walls.The obtained CNFM possessed a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area(SBET)of 1696 m2/g and total pore volume of 2.74 cm^(3)/g,which are comparable to those achieved by traditional physical or chemical activation methods.This MOF-based CNFM demonstrated excellent adsorption performance towards ciprofloxacin(CIP),exhibiting a high static adsorption capacity of approximately 600 mg/g and achieving adsorption equilibrium withing only 1 h.The exceptional adsorption capacity can be attributed to its high SBET and abundant pores that accommodate CIP molecules,while the rapid adsorption rate is facilitated by the presence of hollow-sphere and hollow tubular structures in the carbon nanofibers.Furthermore,the study revealed the significant contributions of pore-filling effect during the adsorption process.Fixed-bed experiments confirmed that this MOF-based hollow CNFM holds great potential for large-scale applications in purifying CIP-contaminated water.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52575343 and 52175026)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST+2 种基金the Peiyang Startup FoundationFunding of Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of the Ministry of EducationBasic Research Program of Coordinated Development of the Beijing Tianjin-Hebei Region(No.E2024202287)。
文摘Integrating inorganic fillers into polymer-based 3D printing filaments is an effective strategy for improving thermal conduction but often compromises mechanical properties.In this study,we introduced electrospun polymer nanofibers(NF)into thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)filaments alongside a ceramic filler,boron nitride(BN).By combining these organic(NF)and inorganic(BN)fillers,we created a dual-filler filament(TPU/BN/NF)that exhibited enhanced thermal conduction pathways without sacrificing the mechanical strength and electrical insulation.Comprehensive characterization demonstrated that BN improved heat transport,while a small fraction of electrospun NF effectively modulated the tensile modulus and partially recovered the strength lost upon BN addition.Finite element simulations further elucidated the influence of the nanofiber content,orientation,and length-to-diameter ratio on the mechanical performance.Notably,the dual-filler filaments retained good printability in standard fused deposition modeling(FDM)systems at optimized temperatures(about 210??℃).These findings offer a scalable approach for engineer multifunctional 3D printing filaments for 3D-printed thermal management products that require both thermal conduction performance and high insulation.
基金supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024YFHZ0103)Anhui Province Applied Peak Cultivation Discipline(No.XK-XJGF005)+1 种基金Anhui Province Quartz Sand Purification and Photovoltaic Glass Engineering Research Center(No.[2022]547-49)the Key research and development projects of Shandong Province(No.2023CXGC010903).
文摘Recovery of palladium from spent catalysts is of great practical significance for the construction of ecological civilization and resource recycling.However,for environmentally friendly adsorption methods,designing specialized capture vacancies with high capacity and precise selectivity for Pd(Ⅱ) ions remains a challenge.Herein,a salicylic acid-modified nanofiber(SANF),exhibiting specific spatial configuration and constructing a capture vacancy by "O-O" of hard bases,was designed and employed for recovering and separating palladium.The adsorption results indicated that the SANF exhibited a fast capture rate(reaching adsorption equilibrium within60 min) and a large capture capacity(about 170 mg/g) for Pd(Ⅱ) ions,and the capture process was exothermic and spontaneous.Additionally,the Lewis basicity of the capture vacancy after tuning better matches the Lewis acidity of Pd(Ⅱ) ions,which achieves a high-selectivity separation of Pd(Ⅱ) ions(selectivity coefficient for K(Ⅰ),Na(Ⅰ) Ca(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ) and Al(Ⅲ) ions are 1505.2,10,536.7,1128.9,2634.2 and 2873.6,respectively).Practical applications showed that SANF was enabled to recover Pd(Ⅱ) ions from spent catalyst leachate and achieved four time adsorption-desorption cycles,possessing some industrial promise.Furthermore,the matching mechanism between the Lewis basicity of the capture vacancy and the Lewis acidity of the Pd(Ⅱ) ions was revealed through series characterization and theoretical calculations.Finally,it is proposed a Lewis basicity tuning strategy founded on a specific spatial structure,provides a new insight for the design and construction of a capture vacancy for Pd(Ⅱ) ions in the future.
文摘Purpose of this novel review article is to unfold the current scientific worth of high performance polymer nanocomposite nanofibers,owing to growing scientific interests in this field.Accordingly,this state-of-the-art manuscript has been systematically categorized into distinct sections related to(i)fundamentals of carbonaceous nanoreinforcements,(ii)design-structure-property-performance aspects of different categories of polymer nanocomposite nanofibers(conducting polymers,thermoplastics,and thermosets with carbonaceous nanofillers carbon nanotubes,graphene,fullerene),and then(iii)existing scientific worth(energy devices,electronics,space/defense,environmental sectors),future prospects,challenges,and conclusions.As per literature to date,polymer/carbonaceous nanocomposite nanofibers had myriad of advantageous physical characters(morphologies,electrical/charge conduction,thermal conduction,mechanical/thermal resistance,anticorrosion,permeability,radiation absorption).Notably,among conducting polymer nanofibers,polyaniline/carbon nanotube nanofibers revealed superior specific capacitance(~380 Fg^(-1))due to interfacial synergies and electron/charge transfer.Moreover,poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/fullerene nanofibers revealed power conversion efficiency~3.6%.Out of thermoplastic systems,poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon nanotube nanofibers have been designed for piezoelectric sensors(pressure sensitivity~0.28 kPa^(-1))and toxicmetal ion sensors(lead(II)).In addition,cellulose/carbonaceous nanocomposite nanofibers have been applied for supercapacitor electrodes(specific capacitance~250 Fg^(-1))and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness(~64-70 dB).Furthermore,epoxy/carbon nanotube nanocomposites revealed~20%-40% enhancements in tensile strength and shear strength due to load transfer properties.As per literature,technological performance of these materials depends upon types/amount of polymers,nanocarbons,and processing methods/parameters used.Owing to novelty of topic,outline,and literature coverage,this review will serve as an all-inclusive guide for concerned field researchers to carry out further industrial scale advancements in the field of nanocomposite nanofibers.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3804905)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375047,22378068,and 22378071)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01568)111 Project(No.D17005).
文摘Advanced healthcare monitors for air pollution applications pose a significant challenge in achieving a balance between high-performance filtration and multifunctional smart integration.Electrospinning triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG)provide a significant potential for use under such difficult circumstances.We have successfully constructed a high-performance TENG utilizing a novel multi-scale nanofiber architecture.Nylon 66(PA66)and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt(HACC)composites were prepared by electrospinning,and PA66/H multiscale nanofiber membranes composed of nanofibers(≈73 nm)and submicron-fibers(≈123 nm)were formed.PA66/H multi-scale nanofiber membrane as the positive electrode and negative electrode-spun PVDF-HFP nanofiber membrane composed of respiration-driven PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG.The resulting PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG based air filter utilizes electrostatic adsorption and physical interception mechanisms,achieving PM_(0.3)filtration efficiency over 99%with a pressure drop of only 48 Pa.Besides,PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG exhibits excellent stability in high-humidity environments,with filtration efficiency reduced by less than 1%.At the same time,the TENG achieves periodic contact separation through breathing drive to achieve self-power,which can ensure the long-term stability of the filtration efficiency.In addition to the air filtration function,TENG can also monitor health in real time by capturing human breathing signals without external power supply.This integrated system combines high-efficiency air filtration,self-powered operation,and health monitoring,presenting an innovative solution for air purification,smart protective equipment,and portable health monitoring.These findings highlight the potential of this technology for diverse applications,offering a promising direction for advancing multifunctional air filtration systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100403)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+3 种基金the Earmarked Fund for CARS-14the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA042)the Key Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BBA045)Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials(2024P09),Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China。
文摘As the pace of urban life accelerates,plastic wrap has become an everyday necessity.However,traditional petroleum-based plastic wrap is difficult to degrade and prone to releasing harmful plasticizers.Therefore,developing sustainable,biodegradable,and high-performance alternative materials is crucial.Inspired by the cellulose-gum reinforcement mechanism in flaxseed hulls,this study utilized flaxseed hulls as raw material.Through hot water washing,alkali boiling,and bleaching,high-purity insoluble cellulose(FC)was extracted.Subsequently,flaxseed hull cellulose nanofibers(FCN)were prepared via TEMPO oxidation and ultrasonic treatment.Using FC and FCN,an all-natural cellulose-flaxseed gum composite membrane(CM)was constructed,where FCN serves as the framework and flaxseed gum acts as the binder,forming a dense structure.This composite membrane demonstrated effectiveness in nut preservation,significantly delaying nut oxidation and providing a viable pathway for sustainable food packaging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52403035)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1400300)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232023D-05)the Weiqiao Teaching and Research Innovation Program.
文摘The lack of macro-continuity and mechanical strength of covalent organic frameworks(COFs)has significantly limited their practical applications.Here,we propose an“alcohol-triggered defect cleavage”strategy to precisely regulate the growth and stacking of COF grains through a moderate reversed Schiff base reaction,realizing the direct synthesis of COF nanofibers(CNFs)with high aspect ratio(L/D=103.05)and long length(>20μm).An individual CNF exhibits a biomimetic scale-like architecture,achieving superior flexibility and fatigue resistance under dynamic bending via a multiscale stress dissipation mechanism.Taking advantages of these structural features,we engineer CNF aerogels(CNF-As)with programmable porous structures(e.g.,honeycomb,lamellar,isotropic)via directional ice-template methodology.CNF-As demonstrate 100%COF content,high specific surface area(396.15 m^(2)g^(-1))and superelasticity(~0%elastic deformation after 500 compression cycles at 50%strain),outperforming most COF-based counterparts.Compared with the conventional COF aerogels,the unique structural features of CNF-A enable it to perform outstandingly in uranium extraction,with an 11.72-fold increment in adsorption capacity(920.12 mg g^(-1))and adsorption rate(89.9%),and a 2.48-fold improvement in selectivity(U/V=2.31).This study provides a direct strategy for the development of next-generation COF materials with outstanding functionality and structural robustness.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52473083,52373089,52403085)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2024JC-TBZC-04)+2 种基金the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2024RS-CXTD-57)Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2024JC-YBMS-279)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(2023NSCQMSX2547)
文摘With the miniaturization and high-frequency evolution of antennas in 5G/6G communications,aerospace,and transportation,polymer composite papers integrating superior wave-transparent performance and thermal conductivity for radar antenna systems are urgently needed.Herein,a down-top strategy was employed to synthesize poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)precursor nanofibers(prePNF).The prePNF was then uniformly mixed with fluorinated graphene(FG)to fabricate FG/PNF composite papers through consecutively suction filtration,hot-pressing,and thermal annealing.The hydroxyl and amino groups in prePNF enhanced the stability of FG/prePNF dispersion,while the increasedπ-πinteractions between PNF and FG after annealing improved their compatibility.The preparation time and cost of PNF paper was significantly reduced when applying this strategy,which enabled its large-scale production.Furthermore,the prepared FG/PNF composite papers exhibited excellent wave-transparent performance and thermal conductivity.When the mass fraction of FG was 40 wt%,the FG/PNF composite paper prepared via the down-top strategy achieved the wave-transparent coefficient(|T|2)of 96.3%under 10 GHz,in-plane thermal conductivity(λ_(∥))of 7.13 W m^(−1)K^(−1),and through-plane thermal conductivity(λ_(⊥))of 0.67 W m^(−1)K^(−1),outperforming FG/PNF composite paper prepared by the top-down strategy(|T|2=95.9%,λ_(∥)=5.52 W m^(−1)K^(−1),λ_(⊥)=0.52 W m^(−1)K^(−1))and pure PNF paper(|T|2=94.7%,λ_(∥)=3.04 W m^(−1)K^(−1),λ_(⊥)=0.24 W m^(−1)K^(−1)).Meanwhile,FG/PNF composite paper(with 40 wt%FG)through the down-top strategy also demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties with tensile strength and toughness reaching 197.4 MPa and 11.6 MJ m^(−3),respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273919)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2024H013)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022MD723781).
文摘Constructing nanofibers with specific therapeutic effects against cancer is a challenge.Here,we present the synthesis approach and application prospects of supramolecular nanofibers,which are based on cucurbit[8]uril(CB[8])as the host and terpyridine lanthanum ions metal complex as the vip,constructed by layer-by-layer self-assembly through supramolecular interaction.Moreover,nanofibers with lanthanide luminescence properties exhibit surprising pH-responsive deformation properties and antibacterial behavior.In the tumor micro-environment,the dramatic reduction in the size of the nanofibers enables specific and hierarchical release of anticancer drugs in tumor cells to exert an advanced therapeutic effect.In addition,the synergistic therapeutic efficacy was achieved by reducing the excess of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria surrounding tumor cells.The novel supramolecular nanofibers with sequential drug release and combined therapeutic mode provide new guidance for the synthesis of drug carrier materials and direction for the promotion of nanomaterial-mediated cancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92371110 and 52373281)Weiqiao Science Foundation(H2872302 and H2872303)the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty.
文摘Ceramic aerogels(CAs)have emerged as a significant research frontier across various applications due to their lightweight,high porosity,and easily tunable structural characteristics.However,the intrinsic weak interactions among the constituent nanoparticles,coupled with the limited toughness of traditional CAs,make them susceptible to structural collapse or even catastrophic failure when exposed to complex mechanical external forces.Unlike 0D building units,1D ceramic nanofibers(CNFs)possess a high aspect ratio and exceptional flexibility simultaneously,which are desirable building blocks for elastic CAs.This review presents the recent progress in electrospun ceramic nanofibrous aerogels(ECNFAs)that are constructed using ECNFs as building blocks,focusing on the various preparation methods and corresponding structural characteristics,strategies for optimizing mechanical performance,and a wide range of applications.The methods for preparing ECNFs and ECNFAs with diverse structures were initially explored,followed by the implementation of optimization strategies for enhancing ECNFAs,emphasizing the improvement of reinforcing the ECNFs,establishing the bonding effects between ECNFs,and designing the aggregate structures of the aerogels.Moreover,the applications of ECNFAs across various fields are also discussed.Finally,it highlights the existing challenges and potential opportunities for ECNFAs to achieve superior properties and realize promising prospects.
文摘Nanofiber carbon aerogels with 3D interconnected microfibrillar networks exhibit fascinating physical properties and present great application potential.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic nanofiber carbon aerogels owing to their extremely dilute brittle interconnections and poor fiber toughness after carbonization.Herein,aramid nanofibers(ANF)/nanocellulose(CNF)dual-fibrous carbon aerogels are prepared,which exhibited supercompressibility and superelasticity due to the"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect of ANF and CNF and the design of in-plane micro-wrinkle honeycomb structure.The"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect improves interfacial interactions of nanofibers and optimizes the stress distribution of carbon aerogel.The highly ordered honeycomb structure with in-plane microwrinkles,formed by the bidirectional freezing and the difference in volume shrinkage during the carbonization between CNFs and ANFs,endows the CNF/ANF carbon aerogel with negative Poisson's ratio and high energy absorption capacity.These strategies significantly improve the overall mechanical properties of ANF/CNF carbon aerogel including the elasticity and fatigue resistance.As a result,the ultralight carbon aerogel(3.46 mg/cm^(3))exhibits excellent supercompression(undergoing an extreme strain of 95%)and elasticity(a stress retention up to 81.38% at 90% strain with 500 cycles and 96.15% at 50%strain with 10,000 cycles).The nanofiber carbon aerogel shows excellent multifunctional properties in flexible piezoresistive sensor and anisotropic thermal insulation materials,including a desirable sensitivity(as high as 48.74 kPa^(-1))and an instant response time(~40 ms),an anisotropy factor of 3.69 and an ultralow radial thermal conductivity(0.012 W m^(-1) K^(-1)).These properties make dual-fibrous carbon aerogels highly attractive in pressure sensors and thermal management applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52173091,62101391。
文摘Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longrange continuous structure of the nanofiber,ion-charged groups can be induced to form long-range continuous ion transfer channels in the nanofiber composite membrane,significantly increasing the ion conductivity of the membrane.This review stands apart from previous endeavors by offering a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed over the past decade in utilizing both electrospun and natural nanofibers as key components of proton exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes for fuel cells.Electrospun nanofibers are categorized based on their material properties into two primary groups:(1)ionomer nanofibers,inherently endowed with the ability to conduct H+(such as perfluorosulfonic acid or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone))or OH-(e.g.,FAA-3),and(2)nonionic polymer nanofibers,comprising inert polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride,polytetrafluoroethylene,and polyacrylonitrile.Notably,the latter often necessitates surface modifications to impart ion transport channels,given their inherent proton inertness.Furthermore,this review delves into the recent progress made with three natural nanofibers derived from biodegradable cellulose—cellulose nanocrystals,cellulose nanofibers,and bacterial nanofibers—as crucial elements in polyelectrolyte membranes.The effect of the physical structure of such nanofibers on polyelectrolyte membrane properties is also briefly discussed.Lastly,the review emphasizes the challenges and outlines potential solutions for future research in the field of nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes,aiming to propel the development of high-performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Nos.18JCQNJC72400 and 22JCQNJC01510).
文摘Tetracycline(TC)is a broad-spectrum antibiotic,and its residues in the environment and food are harmful to human health.Therefore,it is essential to rapidly,sensitively,and conveniently detect TC.In this work,we developed a portable silicon nanoparticles chelated Europium(Ⅲ)-based polyacrylonitrile(Eu-SiNPs/PAN)nanofiber membrane for rapid,sensitive,and convenient detection of TC.The Eu-SiNPs were synthesized with a facile one-pot method.The Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membrane was fabricated by electrospinning,combining Eu-SiNPs and PAN with three-dimensional porous membrane structures and UV resistance.Both the Eu-SiNPs and the Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membranes have good selectivity and anti-interference ability towards TC.The combined merits of rapid response,long storage life,easy portability,and naked-eye recognition of TC make the Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membrane a promising material for convenient TC detection applications.The practicability of these nanofiber membranes was further verified by detecting TC in real samples,such as lake water,drinking water and honey,and achieved quantitative detection.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22225902, U22A20436, 22209185)National Key Research&Development Program of China (2022YFE0115900, 2023YFA1507101, 2021YFA1501500)+1 种基金the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. CXZX-2022-GH04, CXZX-2023-JQ08)Science and Technology Program of Fuzhou (2023-P-009)。
文摘Manganese-based chalcogenides have significant potential as anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity, abundant natural reserves, and environmental friendliness. However, their application is hindered by poor cycling stability, resulting from severe volume changes during cycling and slow reaction kinetics due to their complex crystal structure. Here, an efficient and straightforward strategy was employed to in-situ encapsulate single-phase porous nanocubic MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5) into carbon nanofibers using electrospinning and the hard template method, thus forming a necklace-like porous MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)-carbon nanofiber composite(MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF). The introduction of Se significantly impacts both the composition and microstructure of MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5), including lattice distortion that generates additional defects, optimization of chemical bonds, and a nano-spatially confined design. In situ/ex-situ characterization and density functional theory calculations verified that this MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF allevi- ates the volume expansion and facilitates the transfer of Na+/electron. As expected, MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF anode demonstrates excellent sodium storage performance, characterized by high initial Coulombic efficiency(90.8%), high-rate capability(370.5 m Ahg^(-1) at 10 Ag^(-1)) and long durability(over 5000 cycles at 5 Ag^(-1)). The MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF//NVP@C full cell, assembled with MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF as anode and Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_4)_(3)@C as cathode, exhibits a high energy density of 254 Wh kg^(-1) can be provided. This work presents a novel strategy to optimize the design of anode materials through structural engineering and Se substitution, while also elucidating the underlying reaction mechanisms.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203100)Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Plan Project(2024GX-YBXM-386)+3 种基金the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2024RS-CXTD-57)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(2023NSCQ-MSX2682)Undergraduate Innovation&Business Program of Northwestern Polytechnical University(S202310699322)the Analytical&Testing Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University for SEM tests performed in this work.
文摘Polymer-based aerogels are emerging as promising candidates for lightweight and high performance electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption materials.In this study,an ultralight and rigid poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)nanofiber(PNF)based composite aerogel with excellent EM wave absorption performance was fabricated with cobalt-nickel alloy(CoNi)nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)as magnetic and conductive fillers,respectively.A CNT/PNF composite aerogel was first prepared through a sol-gel and freeze-drying method,and then CoNi nanoparticles were introduced therein through hydrothermal reaction and thermal annealing to obtain the CoNi/CNT/PNF aerogel.CNTs and PNFs were interwoven and constructed a three-dimensional conductive/magnetic cage-like skeleton structure decorating with magnetic CoNi nanoparticles.The cage-like skeleton structure allowed the dissipation of EM waves through multiple mechanisms encompassing conduction loss,magnetic loss,multiple reflection,scattering,and absorption.When its thickness was 4 mm,the CoNi/CNT/PNF aerogel showed a minimal reflection loss of-44.7 dB(at 6.88 GHz),and its broad effective absorption bandwidth covered the entire X-band and Ku-band and most of the C-band(12.32 GHz,from 5.68 GHz to 18 GHz).In addition,the rigid aerogel exhibited an ultralow density(0.107 g/cm^(3)),excellent thermal insulation,and flame retardancy,demonstrating its potential application as a high-performance EM wave absorption material in the fields of aerospace and national defense.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11904208the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(No.J18KB098).
文摘The development of efficient,cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for advancing zinc-air batteries(ZABs).This study presents Fe_(4)N nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon nanofibers(Fe_(4)N@CNF-NH_(3))as a highly efficient ORR catalyst.The Fe_(4)N@CNF-NH_(3)catalyst was synthesized via electrospinning,followed by high-temperature annealing in an NH_(3)atmosphere.This electrospinning technique ensured the uniform dispersion of Fe_(4)N nanoparticles within the carbon nanofibers(CNFs),preventing agglomeration and enhancing the availability of active sites.Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the formation of Fe_(4)N nanoparticles with a lattice spacing of 0.213 nm,surrounded by graphitic carbon structures that significantly improved the material’s conductivity and stability.Electrochemical tests demonstrated that Fe_(4)N@CNF-NH_(3)exhibited superior ORR activity,with a half-wave potential of 0.904 V,surpassing that of commercial Pt/C catalysts.This enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of Fe_(4)N nanoparticles and the conductive carbon framework,which facilitated efficient charge and mass transfer during the ORR process.Density functional theory calculations further revealed that the introduction of CNFs positively shifted the d-band center of Fe atoms,optimizing oxygen intermediate adsorption and lowering energy barriers for ORR.The practical applicability of Fe_(4)N@CNF-NH_(3)was validated through the assembly of both liquid-state and solid-state ZABs,which exhibited excellent cycling stability,high power density,and superior discharge voltage.This study offers a promising strategy for developing highly active,low-cost ORR catalysts and advances the potential for the commercialization of ZABs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278260)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry(No.KFKT2021-14)Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology(No.KFKT2021-14).
文摘Aramid papers (AP), made of aramid fibers, demonstrate superiority in electrical insulation applications. Unfortunately, the strength and electrical insulating properties of AP remain suboptimal, primarily due to the smooth surface and chemical inertness of aramid fibers. Herein, AP are modified via the nacre-mimetic structure composed of aramid nanofibers (ANF) and carbonylated basalt nanosheets (CBSNs). This is achieved by impregnating AP into an ANF-CBSNs (A-C) suspension containing a 3D ANF framework as the matrix and 2D CBSNs as fillers. The resultant biomimetic composite papers (AP/A-C composite papers) exhibit a layered “brick-and-mortar” structure, demonstrating superior mechanical and electrical insulating properties. Notably, the tensile strength and breakdown strength of AP/A-C5 composite papers reach 39.69 MPa and 22.04 kV mm^(−1), respectively, representing a 155 % and 85 % increase compared to those of the control AP. These impressive properties are accompanied with excellent volume resistivity, exceptional dielectric properties, impressive folding endurance, outstanding heat insulation, and remarkable flame retardance. The nacre-inspired strategy offers an effective approach for producing highly promising electrical insulating papers for advanced electrical equipment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22103045 and 52273077)the State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles,Qingdao University(Nos.ZDKT202108,RZ2000003334 and G2RC202022)support from the Australian National Fabrication Facility’s Queensland Node(No.ANFF-Q),the UQ-Yonsei International Research Project,and the JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project(No.JPMJER2003).
文摘High-entropy metal phosphide(HEMP)has considerable potential as an electrocatalyst owing to its beneficial properties,including high-entropy alloy synergy as well as the controllable structure and high conductivity of phosphides.Herein,electrospinning and in situ phosphating were employed to prepare three-dimensional(3D)networks of self-supporting HEMP nanofibers with varying degrees of phosphate content.Comprehensive characterizations via X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,as well as density functional theory calculations,demonstrate that the introduction of phosphorus(P)atoms to HEMP carbon nanofibers mediates their electronic structure,leads to lattice expansion,which in turn enhances their catalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Moreover,the formation of metal-P bonds weakens metal-metal interaction and decreases the free energy of hydrogen adsorption,contributing to the exceptional activity observed in the HEMP catalyst.Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the HEMP-0.75 catalyst with an ultralow loading of 1.22 wt%ruthenium(Ru)exhibits the highest HER catalytic activity and stability in a 1 M KOH electrolyte,achieving a minimal overpotential of 26 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)and Tafel slope of 50.9 mV·dec^(-1).
