Amoeba treatment of patients suffering from pri-mary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri has not been successful. Dam-aged morphology and effect on genes of N. fowleri as the result of its initial ...Amoeba treatment of patients suffering from pri-mary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri has not been successful. Dam-aged morphology and effect on genes of N. fowleri as the result of its initial interaction with drug may provide clue to the success of treatment. In this study, we investigated the activity of chlorpromazine compared with amphotericin B and voriconazole against N.fowleri Khon Kaen strain using cell based assay and molecular techniques. Scanning electron and light micro-graph showed the drug interaction of treated amoebae with 0.098 ug/ml chlorpromazine was faster than 0.002 ug/ml amphotericin B and 12.5 ug/ml of voriconazole. The morphological cha-racteristics of treated amoebae with Gomori’s trichrome stain correlated to the scanning elec-tron microscope study. The effect of drugs to nfa1 and Mp2CL5 genes of treated amoebae found that at 120 min post exposure, chlorpromazine, voriconazole inhibited both genes except amphotericin B. Most of drug inhibited nfa1 except fluconazole. The results evaluated that chlorpromazine was higher potency and rapidly activity than amphotericin B and voriconazole against N. fowleri trophozoites.展开更多
Naegleria fowleri was causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Accroding to the failure of treatment, several researches reported the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs against N.fowleri but we di...Naegleria fowleri was causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Accroding to the failure of treatment, several researches reported the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs against N.fowleri but we did not know the drug resistance of the amoebae. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of drugs (amphotericin B, artesunate, azithromycin, voriconazole, chlorpromazine, fluconazole and gentamicin sulphate) on ITS and pB2.3 genes of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites. Our study demonstrated gene expression of treated N.fowleri by RT-PCR. The results reviewed that ITS gene of N. fowleri showed up regulate to amphotericin B, azithromicin and gentamicin sulphate, while pB2.3 gene showed up regulate to artesunate. These results compared with beta actin (house keeping gene) expression at time intervals 15 - 120 min. The change of gene expression of treated N.fowleri was possibly to cause of drug resistance. The mechanism of drug resistance genes ITS and pB2.3 of N.fowleri should be clarified in further study.展开更多
Naegleria fowleri is a thermophilic,free-living ameba that is commonly known as the“brain-eating ameba.”This parasite invades the central nervous system and causes an acute fulminant infection,which results in a fat...Naegleria fowleri is a thermophilic,free-living ameba that is commonly known as the“brain-eating ameba.”This parasite invades the central nervous system and causes an acute fulminant infection,which results in a fatal form of primary amebic meningoencephalitis(PAM).Here,we report a case of PAM by an unexpected transmission route.Regrettably,the patient deteriorated swiftly and passed away subsequent to diagnosis,despite our exhaustive efforts.Here,we compiled a summary of 11 cases of PAM survivors who have all been treated with amphotericin,rifampicin and triazoles.Beside this regimen,miltefosine was also used successfully to treat PAM in an adolescent.More precise understanding of the survival rate and contributing factors can be established with further validation on ad-ditional cases.展开更多
Water is life and access to clean drinking water is a fundamental human right. For human health, drinking water standards and guidelines have been developed to ensure their quality. Waterborne parasites are a great ch...Water is life and access to clean drinking water is a fundamental human right. For human health, drinking water standards and guidelines have been developed to ensure their quality. Waterborne parasites are a great challenge and cause many diseases for humans. Thus, continuous monitoring of drinking water from the competent authorities in search of pollutants is required. The safety of drinking water for the growing population can be ensured by the correct use of water treatment technologies. Cryptosporidium is the first parasite to cause concern to health officials in the world. Also, Naegleria fowleri causes fatal cerebral infection, Acanthamoeba species that cause both cerebral and corneal disease;and Giardia which has heightened world concerns because of its severity. This study is based on highlighting on drinking water quality guidelines and standards published by the World Health Organization and some countries, especially Egypt. A growing concern globally after the scientists revealed the effects of polluted drinking water. So, a large number of the population is at risk of water pollution for the purpose of human access to clean drinking water and other uses.展开更多
文摘Amoeba treatment of patients suffering from pri-mary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri has not been successful. Dam-aged morphology and effect on genes of N. fowleri as the result of its initial interaction with drug may provide clue to the success of treatment. In this study, we investigated the activity of chlorpromazine compared with amphotericin B and voriconazole against N.fowleri Khon Kaen strain using cell based assay and molecular techniques. Scanning electron and light micro-graph showed the drug interaction of treated amoebae with 0.098 ug/ml chlorpromazine was faster than 0.002 ug/ml amphotericin B and 12.5 ug/ml of voriconazole. The morphological cha-racteristics of treated amoebae with Gomori’s trichrome stain correlated to the scanning elec-tron microscope study. The effect of drugs to nfa1 and Mp2CL5 genes of treated amoebae found that at 120 min post exposure, chlorpromazine, voriconazole inhibited both genes except amphotericin B. Most of drug inhibited nfa1 except fluconazole. The results evaluated that chlorpromazine was higher potency and rapidly activity than amphotericin B and voriconazole against N. fowleri trophozoites.
文摘Naegleria fowleri was causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Accroding to the failure of treatment, several researches reported the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs against N.fowleri but we did not know the drug resistance of the amoebae. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of drugs (amphotericin B, artesunate, azithromycin, voriconazole, chlorpromazine, fluconazole and gentamicin sulphate) on ITS and pB2.3 genes of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites. Our study demonstrated gene expression of treated N.fowleri by RT-PCR. The results reviewed that ITS gene of N. fowleri showed up regulate to amphotericin B, azithromicin and gentamicin sulphate, while pB2.3 gene showed up regulate to artesunate. These results compared with beta actin (house keeping gene) expression at time intervals 15 - 120 min. The change of gene expression of treated N.fowleri was possibly to cause of drug resistance. The mechanism of drug resistance genes ITS and pB2.3 of N.fowleri should be clarified in further study.
文摘Naegleria fowleri is a thermophilic,free-living ameba that is commonly known as the“brain-eating ameba.”This parasite invades the central nervous system and causes an acute fulminant infection,which results in a fatal form of primary amebic meningoencephalitis(PAM).Here,we report a case of PAM by an unexpected transmission route.Regrettably,the patient deteriorated swiftly and passed away subsequent to diagnosis,despite our exhaustive efforts.Here,we compiled a summary of 11 cases of PAM survivors who have all been treated with amphotericin,rifampicin and triazoles.Beside this regimen,miltefosine was also used successfully to treat PAM in an adolescent.More precise understanding of the survival rate and contributing factors can be established with further validation on ad-ditional cases.
文摘Water is life and access to clean drinking water is a fundamental human right. For human health, drinking water standards and guidelines have been developed to ensure their quality. Waterborne parasites are a great challenge and cause many diseases for humans. Thus, continuous monitoring of drinking water from the competent authorities in search of pollutants is required. The safety of drinking water for the growing population can be ensured by the correct use of water treatment technologies. Cryptosporidium is the first parasite to cause concern to health officials in the world. Also, Naegleria fowleri causes fatal cerebral infection, Acanthamoeba species that cause both cerebral and corneal disease;and Giardia which has heightened world concerns because of its severity. This study is based on highlighting on drinking water quality guidelines and standards published by the World Health Organization and some countries, especially Egypt. A growing concern globally after the scientists revealed the effects of polluted drinking water. So, a large number of the population is at risk of water pollution for the purpose of human access to clean drinking water and other uses.
