Nucleic acid amplification tests(NAAT)have long been used in laboratory facilities and recently revolutionized the field of molecular diagnostics in point-of-care testing.Digital microfluidics(DMF)has emerged as a pro...Nucleic acid amplification tests(NAAT)have long been used in laboratory facilities and recently revolutionized the field of molecular diagnostics in point-of-care testing.Digital microfluidics(DMF)has emerged as a promising tool to complete the entire NAAT workflow in a miniaturized format with minimum human intervention.Based on electric fields to manipulate independent reaction droplets,the compact DMF system could perform multiple processes simultaneously and automatically in a programmable fashion.This combination is beginning to establish powerful sample-to-answer platforms in remote or resource-limited settings.Herein,we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art DMF technology for point-of-care NAAT.This review focused on key principles of DMF platforms and the latest trends in system integration for automated processes of nucleic acid extraction,amplification,and detection.Also,this article discusses current challenges,including control systems,scalability and throughput,as well as future prospects of DMF-based NAAT strategy for the next generation of point-of-care diagnostics.展开更多
目的了解湖南省长沙市和常德市男男性接触者(men who have sex with men,MSM)早期感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)-1的情况,估算新发感染率,并评价不同检测方法的使用情况。方法在长沙市和常德市各类MSM活动现场,匿名收集承认半年内与其他男...目的了解湖南省长沙市和常德市男男性接触者(men who have sex with men,MSM)早期感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)-1的情况,估算新发感染率,并评价不同检测方法的使用情况。方法在长沙市和常德市各类MSM活动现场,匿名收集承认半年内与其他男性发生过性行为(肛交)、自愿参与本调查的成年男性EDTA抗凝血10ml,送实验室进行HIV血清学及核酸检测。结果 1 349名调查对象中,使用三代双抗原夹心ELISA法检出阳性169例,阳性率12.53%;四代ELISA法检出阳性173例(包含三代初筛阳性的169例),经Western blot确证阳性156例,不确定12例,阴性5例,确证阳性率11.56%。1 193份初筛阴性及确证血清抗体阴性或不确定样本中,使用四代ELISA法检出阳性17例,阳性率1.42%;同时使用核酸扩增法(NAAT)检出阳性18例,阳性率1.51%。结论 MSM人群中HIV-1急性期感染现象值得关注,开展高危行为心理分析和干预非常有必要。在筛选急性感染病例时,四代ELISA特异性高且较为敏感,值得推广。展开更多
The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has crippled several countries across the globe posing a serious global public health challenge.Despit...The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has crippled several countries across the globe posing a serious global public health challenge.Despite the massive rollout of vaccines,molecular diagnosis remains the most important method for timely isolation,diagnosis,and control of COVID-19.Several molecular diagnostic tools have been developed since the beginning of the pandemic with some even gaining emergency use authorization from the United States(US)Food and Drug Administration for in vitro diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.Herein,we discuss the working principles of some commonly used molecular diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 including nucleic acid amplification tests,isothermal amplification tests,and rapid diagnostic tests.To ensure successful detection while minimizing the risk of cross-infection and misdiagnosis when using these diagnostic tools,laboratories should adhere to proper biosafety practices.Hence,we also present the common biosafety practices that may ensure the successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 from specimens while protecting laboratory workers and non-suspecting individuals from being infected.From this review article,it is clear that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to an increase in molecular diagnostic tools and the formation of new biosafety protocols that may be important for future and ongoing outbreaks.展开更多
基金support from The Ivan Bowen Family Foundation and the Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering at Mayo Clinic,Rochester MN.
文摘Nucleic acid amplification tests(NAAT)have long been used in laboratory facilities and recently revolutionized the field of molecular diagnostics in point-of-care testing.Digital microfluidics(DMF)has emerged as a promising tool to complete the entire NAAT workflow in a miniaturized format with minimum human intervention.Based on electric fields to manipulate independent reaction droplets,the compact DMF system could perform multiple processes simultaneously and automatically in a programmable fashion.This combination is beginning to establish powerful sample-to-answer platforms in remote or resource-limited settings.Herein,we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art DMF technology for point-of-care NAAT.This review focused on key principles of DMF platforms and the latest trends in system integration for automated processes of nucleic acid extraction,amplification,and detection.Also,this article discusses current challenges,including control systems,scalability and throughput,as well as future prospects of DMF-based NAAT strategy for the next generation of point-of-care diagnostics.
文摘目的了解湖南省长沙市和常德市男男性接触者(men who have sex with men,MSM)早期感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)-1的情况,估算新发感染率,并评价不同检测方法的使用情况。方法在长沙市和常德市各类MSM活动现场,匿名收集承认半年内与其他男性发生过性行为(肛交)、自愿参与本调查的成年男性EDTA抗凝血10ml,送实验室进行HIV血清学及核酸检测。结果 1 349名调查对象中,使用三代双抗原夹心ELISA法检出阳性169例,阳性率12.53%;四代ELISA法检出阳性173例(包含三代初筛阳性的169例),经Western blot确证阳性156例,不确定12例,阴性5例,确证阳性率11.56%。1 193份初筛阴性及确证血清抗体阴性或不确定样本中,使用四代ELISA法检出阳性17例,阳性率1.42%;同时使用核酸扩增法(NAAT)检出阳性18例,阳性率1.51%。结论 MSM人群中HIV-1急性期感染现象值得关注,开展高危行为心理分析和干预非常有必要。在筛选急性感染病例时,四代ELISA特异性高且较为敏感,值得推广。
文摘The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has crippled several countries across the globe posing a serious global public health challenge.Despite the massive rollout of vaccines,molecular diagnosis remains the most important method for timely isolation,diagnosis,and control of COVID-19.Several molecular diagnostic tools have been developed since the beginning of the pandemic with some even gaining emergency use authorization from the United States(US)Food and Drug Administration for in vitro diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.Herein,we discuss the working principles of some commonly used molecular diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 including nucleic acid amplification tests,isothermal amplification tests,and rapid diagnostic tests.To ensure successful detection while minimizing the risk of cross-infection and misdiagnosis when using these diagnostic tools,laboratories should adhere to proper biosafety practices.Hence,we also present the common biosafety practices that may ensure the successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 from specimens while protecting laboratory workers and non-suspecting individuals from being infected.From this review article,it is clear that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to an increase in molecular diagnostic tools and the formation of new biosafety protocols that may be important for future and ongoing outbreaks.
