Here we firstly report a series of new deep eutectic solvents(DESs) induced by small amounts of crown ether complex and mainly formed by polyethylene glycol. These DESs not only presented the ultra-deep extraction of ...Here we firstly report a series of new deep eutectic solvents(DESs) induced by small amounts of crown ether complex and mainly formed by polyethylene glycol. These DESs not only presented the ultra-deep extraction of non-basic N-compounds from fuel oils, but also opened up the possibility of other new applications in chemistry and materials science.展开更多
The combination of hydrogen/deuterium(H/D)formaldehyde-based isotopic methyl labeling with solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry(HPLC-HRMS)is a powerful a...The combination of hydrogen/deuterium(H/D)formaldehyde-based isotopic methyl labeling with solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry(HPLC-HRMS)is a powerful analytical solution for nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in water samples.Given the huge amount of chemical information generated in HPLC-HRMS analysis,identifying all possible H/Dlabeled amino chemicals presents a significant challenge in data processing.To address this,we designed a streamlined data processing pipeline that can automatically extract H/D-labeled amino chemicals from the raw HPLC-HRMS data with high accuracy and efficiency.First,we developed a cross-correlation algorithm to correct the retention time shift resulting from deuterium isotopic effects,which enables reliable pairing of H-and D-labeled peaks.Second,we implemented several bioinformatic solutions to remove false chemical features generated by in-source fragmentation,salt adduction,and natural13C isotopes.Third,we used a data mining strategy to construct the AMINES library that consists of over 38,000 structure-disjointed primary and secondary amines to facilitate putative compound annotation.Finally,we integrated these modules into a freely available R program,HDPairFinder.R.The rationale of each module was justified and its performance tested using experimental H/D-labeled chemical standards and authentic water samples.We further demonstrated the application of HDPairFinder to effectively extract N-containing contaminants,thus enabling the monitoring of changes of primary and secondary N-compounds in authentic water samples.HDPairFinder is a reliable bioinformatic tool for rapid processing of H/D isotopic methyl labeling-based nontargeted analysis of water samples,and will facilitate a better understanding of N-containing chemical compounds in water.展开更多
Aims Seeds of Rumex crispus from six provenances were studied in relation to their germination under drought and presence of nitrogen in the germination and emergence media.We also investigated whether adaptation to s...Aims Seeds of Rumex crispus from six provenances were studied in relation to their germination under drought and presence of nitrogen in the germination and emergence media.We also investigated whether adaptation to soil increases the ability of the species to colonize and establish in contrasting environments along a longitudinal gradient in western Spain by means of a reciprocal transplantation experiment.Methods We conducted a germination trial in the lab to test for the germination responses to water scarcity along a polyethylene glycol gradient and to varying concentrations of nitrogen compounds.Simultaneously reciprocal transplantations experiment was conducted,where seeds from six provenances were grown in the soils from the very same provenances.Seedling emergence,survivorship and fitness-related variables were measured in all plots.Important Findings We found that R.crispus has a cold-stratification requirement that enhances its germination.Significant differences between the six provenances were detected for time-to-germination,total seedling emergence,plant mortality and reproductive effort in all the experiments.The differences between provenances with respect to germination were confirmed by the significant statistical analyses of the variance,thus providing evidence that seeds from parent plants grown in different environmental conditions have an intrinsically different abilities to germinate and establish.Soil nitrogen content where seed germination and seedlings establish also play an important role in their performance in terms of survivorship and reproduction,being the higher levels of inorganic nitrogen and of microbial biomass those that increased biomass production,enhanced inflorescence formation and reduced plant mortality.We conclude that one of the main reasons for the spread and maintenance of R.crispus would be the increased levels of nitrogen in agricultural soils.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natrual Sciece Foundation of China (Nos. 21650110454, 21675164, 2 822407)the CAS-President International Fellowship Initiative (No. 2017PC0014)the Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists of Gansu (No. 1506RJDA281)
文摘Here we firstly report a series of new deep eutectic solvents(DESs) induced by small amounts of crown ether complex and mainly formed by polyethylene glycol. These DESs not only presented the ultra-deep extraction of non-basic N-compounds from fuel oils, but also opened up the possibility of other new applications in chemistry and materials science.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,Alberta Innovatesthe Canada Research Chairs Program。
文摘The combination of hydrogen/deuterium(H/D)formaldehyde-based isotopic methyl labeling with solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry(HPLC-HRMS)is a powerful analytical solution for nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in water samples.Given the huge amount of chemical information generated in HPLC-HRMS analysis,identifying all possible H/Dlabeled amino chemicals presents a significant challenge in data processing.To address this,we designed a streamlined data processing pipeline that can automatically extract H/D-labeled amino chemicals from the raw HPLC-HRMS data with high accuracy and efficiency.First,we developed a cross-correlation algorithm to correct the retention time shift resulting from deuterium isotopic effects,which enables reliable pairing of H-and D-labeled peaks.Second,we implemented several bioinformatic solutions to remove false chemical features generated by in-source fragmentation,salt adduction,and natural13C isotopes.Third,we used a data mining strategy to construct the AMINES library that consists of over 38,000 structure-disjointed primary and secondary amines to facilitate putative compound annotation.Finally,we integrated these modules into a freely available R program,HDPairFinder.R.The rationale of each module was justified and its performance tested using experimental H/D-labeled chemical standards and authentic water samples.We further demonstrated the application of HDPairFinder to effectively extract N-containing contaminants,thus enabling the monitoring of changes of primary and secondary N-compounds in authentic water samples.HDPairFinder is a reliable bioinformatic tool for rapid processing of H/D isotopic methyl labeling-based nontargeted analysis of water samples,and will facilitate a better understanding of N-containing chemical compounds in water.
文摘Aims Seeds of Rumex crispus from six provenances were studied in relation to their germination under drought and presence of nitrogen in the germination and emergence media.We also investigated whether adaptation to soil increases the ability of the species to colonize and establish in contrasting environments along a longitudinal gradient in western Spain by means of a reciprocal transplantation experiment.Methods We conducted a germination trial in the lab to test for the germination responses to water scarcity along a polyethylene glycol gradient and to varying concentrations of nitrogen compounds.Simultaneously reciprocal transplantations experiment was conducted,where seeds from six provenances were grown in the soils from the very same provenances.Seedling emergence,survivorship and fitness-related variables were measured in all plots.Important Findings We found that R.crispus has a cold-stratification requirement that enhances its germination.Significant differences between the six provenances were detected for time-to-germination,total seedling emergence,plant mortality and reproductive effort in all the experiments.The differences between provenances with respect to germination were confirmed by the significant statistical analyses of the variance,thus providing evidence that seeds from parent plants grown in different environmental conditions have an intrinsically different abilities to germinate and establish.Soil nitrogen content where seed germination and seedlings establish also play an important role in their performance in terms of survivorship and reproduction,being the higher levels of inorganic nitrogen and of microbial biomass those that increased biomass production,enhanced inflorescence formation and reduced plant mortality.We conclude that one of the main reasons for the spread and maintenance of R.crispus would be the increased levels of nitrogen in agricultural soils.
