Accurate quantification of exercise interventions and changes in muscle function is essential for personalized health management.Electrical impedance myography(EIM)technology offers an innovative,noninvasive,painless,...Accurate quantification of exercise interventions and changes in muscle function is essential for personalized health management.Electrical impedance myography(EIM)technology offers an innovative,noninvasive,painless,and easy-to-perform solution for muscle health monitoring.However,current EIM platforms face a number of limitations,including large device size,wired connections,and instability of the electrode-skin interface,which limit their applicability for monitoring mus-cle movement.In this study,a miniature wireless EIM platform with a user-friendly smartphone app is proposed and devel-oped.The miniature,wireless,multi-frequency(20 kHz-1 MHz)EIM platform is equipped with flexible microneedle array elec-trodes(MAE).The advantages of MAEs over conventional electrodes were demonstrated by physical field modeling simula-tions and skin-electrode contact impedance comparison tests.The smartphone APP was developed to wirelessly operate the EIM platform,and to transmit and process real-time muscle impedance data.To validate its effectiveness,a seven-day adaptive fatigue training study was conducted,which demonstrated that the EIM platform was able to detect muscle adaptations and serve as a reliable indicator of fatigue.This study presents an innovative approach to applying EIM technology to muscle health monitoring and exercise testing,thereby advancing the development of personalized health management and athletic performance assessment.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-family:;" "="">In horses, thera...<strong>Background:</strong><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-family:;" "="">In horses, therapeutic ultrasound has been shown to be beneficial for suspensory ligament injuries, and more generally to stimulate tissue repair and reduce localized pain. However, it has yet to be examined in relation to soft tissue injuries sustained during competition or in connection with rider/saddle interactions. <b>Aim: </b>The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of topical low-frequency therapeutic ultrasound on the shoulder muscles of injured horses. <b>Methods:</b></span><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Muscle mass and cellular health was assessed for <i>M. trapezius</i> using non-invasive multi-frequency bioimpedance, and dynamic improvements in <i>M. trapezius</i> and <i>M. latissimus dorsi</i> were examined using acoustic myography (AMG). A total of 8 injured horses (painful to palpation and atrophied) were treated using an</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">EQ Pro Therapy unit, following a set protocol that comprised treatment every other day for 10 treatments. Pre-treatment values were then compared with post-treatment measurements (1 & 6 months later). </span><b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Results:</span></b><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-family:;" "="">The mfBIA results for <i>M. trapezius</i> showed a significant improvement (P</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0.05) of EQ Pro Therapy treatment for the membrane capacitance (Mc) and phase angle (PA) parameters when comparing the Pre <span>vs</span> Post</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">1 and Post</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">1 <span>vs</span> Post</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">2 measurements. Similar improvements were seen for the AMG measurements for <i>M. trapezius</i> and <i>M. latissimus dorsi</i> where statistically significant improvements in the muscle efficiency (E-score) and temporal summation (T-score) as well as the spatial summation (S-score) and mean of the ST-scores were noted</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">(P</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0.05 to P</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0.01).</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> The present findings suggest that </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">EQ Pro Therapy treatment is efficacious in terms of equine cases involving soft tissue shoulder muscle injuries (</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">painful to palpation and atrophied).</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The main improvements noted were not only increased muscle mass and cellular health</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">but also </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">improved force production, better coordination</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> and lateral balance, which persisted for at least six months after treatment.</span>展开更多
Background: Fractures in the limbs of racehorses are common, resulting among other factors, as the result of repeated ground reaction forces on bones and joints, leading to catastrophic failure. Aim: To quantify groun...Background: Fractures in the limbs of racehorses are common, resulting among other factors, as the result of repeated ground reaction forces on bones and joints, leading to catastrophic failure. Aim: To quantify ground impact transmission through the limb bones of un-shod healthy horses using the non-invasive technique of acoustic myography (AMG). Methods: Four sites were selected for AMG measurements at the walk and trot, hoof wall (site 1) and sites 2 - 4, metacarpal 3, carpals and the radius of the left forelimb of two healthy horses. Measurements were on both rubber and concrete. AMG of the equine hind limb suspensory system was made and analyzed (amplitude and timing) for the proximal suspensory ligament (PSL) and the SDFT/DDFT. Results: AMG signal amplitude at site 1 (1.5 ± 0.2 versus 1.1 ± 1.5) was not found to be significantly different at the trot compared to the walk;however, sites 2, 3 and 4 were all significantly different when compared between the two gaits;site 2 P = 0.008;site 3 P = 0.006;site 4 P = 0.005. AMG signals recorded on the rubber surface had smaller amplitude than the equivalent signal and site on the concrete surface. Ground Reaction Force (GRF) transmission in the equine forelimb was 22 m/sec, whilst that of the hind limb suspensory system was 25 m/sec. Conclusion: Findings indicate that GRFs are transmitted proximally along the limb at considerable speeds, that they are dampened by tissues and structures in the limb, and that the GRFs are present and detectable proximal to the fetlock joint.展开更多
Isokinetic and isometric force measurements involving a dynamometer setup are widely used in training and in muscle assessment. For further understanding of the method, we investigated the activation of key functional...Isokinetic and isometric force measurements involving a dynamometer setup are widely used in training and in muscle assessment. For further understanding of the method, we investigated the activation of key functional muscles during isokinetic and isometric movements. During force measurements in an isokinetic Biodex System 3 Pro<sup>TM</sup>, acoustic myography (AMG) was applied. Ten healthy subjects (5 men/5 women) in each decade from 20 to 69 years of age participated in the study. Measurements were carried out during extension and flexion of the ankle, knee and elbow joints. Muscle fibre use was measured by efficiency (E-score) and fibre recruitment (temporal (T-score) and spatial (S-score) summation). AMG measurements showed good reproducibility, and the recruitment pattern of muscle fibres did not change with gender or age. Overall, a significantly higher E-score (P < 0.05) was found at the lower angular velocities than at the higher ones, indicating a lower level of muscle efficiency at higher velocities. Muscles used for knee movement exhibited higher scores than muscles associated with the ankle and elbow joints, most likely related to the greater degree of force production at this joint compared to the ankle and elbow. The ability to activate and inactivate muscle fibres during periods of isokinetic activity becomes increasingly more difficult as the velocity increases. When assessing training effects in sports or rehabilitation, AMG in parallel with isokinetic measurements adds important additional information by giving a measure of possible improvements in efficiency and fibre use.展开更多
Running is one of the most popular forms of exercise. Even though regular exercise is beneficial to human health, running is also often associated with an increased risk of injury. Lack of shock absorption in running ...Running is one of the most popular forms of exercise. Even though regular exercise is beneficial to human health, running is also often associated with an increased risk of injury. Lack of shock absorption in running shoes has often been stated as one of the main reasons for why running-related injuries have been on the increase. The aim of the present study was to assess the degree to which ground reaction forces (GRF) can be dissipated in the human leg in a barefoot subject, in connection with diverse physical activities. Acoustic myography (AMG), a non-invasive technique that records pressure waves from contracting muscles as well as the harmonic damping of ligaments, was applied to four anatomical sites on the subject’s leg, during barefoot walking, jogging, running and jumping. The data for walking on a hard surface show much lower ESTi<sup>TM</sup> parameters than those for the soft surface, and these lower values are observed mainly for sites 1 (toes;65%) and 2 (ankle;53%), respectively. AMG parameters for jogging reveal this gait to have very low ESTi<sup>TM</sup> parameters for site 1 and site 2 (ESTi 2 - 3), yet similar for both surfaces. The data for running on a hard and soft surface revealed much lower ESTi<sup>TM</sup> parameters (38%) than those for sites 3 (knee) and 4 (hip). The data from the big jump, reveal that on a hard surface, the lowest ESTi<sup>TM</sup> parameters were for sites 1 (toes;46%) and 2 (ankle;27%), compared to values on a soft surface. The speed with which GRFs were transmitted up the leg varied from site to site and also with the type of activity, ranging from undetectable to approx. 60 m/sec. The present study reveals that the ankle joint is exposed to the greatest forces during jumping and running. In addition, this study has confirmed that exercising on a hard surface does indeed increase the stress forces on the toes and ankles. It is interesting to note that the data reveal that toes and ankles absorb most of the GRF during running, while the knee and hip joint remain unaffected, although a more detailed study involving a larger number of subjects and shoe types is now needed.展开更多
The use of Winderen Knee Protection Solution stirrups compared to standard iron stirrups, reveals the following benefits: 1) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 14 seconds per minute of activity whils...The use of Winderen Knee Protection Solution stirrups compared to standard iron stirrups, reveals the following benefits: 1) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 14 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 5 - 7 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for muscles around the knee. 2) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 25 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 9 - 10 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for ligaments around the knee. 3) A significant improvement in the E-score (less time exposed to stress and shock) and ST-score (lower force around the knee) whilst walking. 4) A considerable improvement in rider comfort and feeling of leg stability (self-assessment) compared with the owners current stirrups, whilst riding.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The recent acknowledgment of the paracrine role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in vascular modulation has been supported by many studies investigating major ar...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The recent acknowledgment of the paracrine role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in vascular modulation has been supported by many studies investigating major arteries in several animal models and humans. The influence of PVAT on the functional activity of the vascular bed has been a matter of debate, whether it is an anticontractile effect with protective roles or a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pro-contractile effect, investigations are underway to address this obscuri</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ty. In this investigation</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> we have studied the effects of vasoconstrictors,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> phen</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">y</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lephrine and noradrenaline, and vasorelaxants, carbachol and s-nitroso-n-</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), on subclavian and iliac rings with and without PVAT attached;and concentration-response curves were constructed accordingly. Levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated due to activation of the enzyme adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by 5-Aminoimi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dazole-4-carboxamide-1-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) were measured in sub</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clavian and iliac PVAT conditioned media. Additionally, Haematoxylin and Eosin staining was performed to analyze and compare the histological characteristics of both arteries. Subclavian and iliac rings with PVAT attached showed stronger contraction to phenylephrine and noradrenaline than that of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rings without PVAT attached. At the same time, relaxation tests reported</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">lower relaxation percentages in subclavian and iliac rings with PVAT at</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tached </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">compared to rings without PVAT attached in response to carbachol and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">SNAP. PVAT treated with AICAR generated higher levels of NO compared to levels of untreated PVAT. Conclusions drawn were the pro-contractile effects demonstrated by the PVAT especially in high concentrations of drugs used. In addition, histology analysis revealed characteristics of white adipose tissue in both PVATs.</span></span>展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of ginger root juice on contractibility of resistance blood vessels from mice and on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)and endothelial nitric oxide syn...Objective:To investigate the effects of ginger root juice on contractibility of resistance blood vessels from mice and on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)in human endothelial cells.Methods:Juice was prepared from semi-dry ginger roots.Mesenteric artery rings were dis-sected from healthy adult C57BL/J6 mice.Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HU-VECs)were isolated from umbilical cords of normal full-term babies.The contractibility of the dissected vessel rings in the presence or absence of ginger root juice at 0.1%(v/v)after potassium(100 mM KCL)stimulation was measured by wire myography.The phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and eNOS in the presence of ginger root juice in the culture medium at 0,0.025%,0.05%,0.1%,and 0.2%(v/v)in HUVECs were assessed by western blotting analysis.Results:An immediate sharp increase in the contractile activity was observed in mesenteric artery rings in response to KCL stimulation.Ginger root juice effectively attenuated the KCL-mediated vessel contraction.Moreover,ginger root juice significantly increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and eNOS in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:Ginger root juice is capable of relaxing resistance blood vessels.Activation of ERK1/2 and eNOS through phosphorylation in endothelial cells may be a mechanism underlying the vasodilator activity of ginger root.展开更多
文摘Accurate quantification of exercise interventions and changes in muscle function is essential for personalized health management.Electrical impedance myography(EIM)technology offers an innovative,noninvasive,painless,and easy-to-perform solution for muscle health monitoring.However,current EIM platforms face a number of limitations,including large device size,wired connections,and instability of the electrode-skin interface,which limit their applicability for monitoring mus-cle movement.In this study,a miniature wireless EIM platform with a user-friendly smartphone app is proposed and devel-oped.The miniature,wireless,multi-frequency(20 kHz-1 MHz)EIM platform is equipped with flexible microneedle array elec-trodes(MAE).The advantages of MAEs over conventional electrodes were demonstrated by physical field modeling simula-tions and skin-electrode contact impedance comparison tests.The smartphone APP was developed to wirelessly operate the EIM platform,and to transmit and process real-time muscle impedance data.To validate its effectiveness,a seven-day adaptive fatigue training study was conducted,which demonstrated that the EIM platform was able to detect muscle adaptations and serve as a reliable indicator of fatigue.This study presents an innovative approach to applying EIM technology to muscle health monitoring and exercise testing,thereby advancing the development of personalized health management and athletic performance assessment.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-family:;" "="">In horses, therapeutic ultrasound has been shown to be beneficial for suspensory ligament injuries, and more generally to stimulate tissue repair and reduce localized pain. However, it has yet to be examined in relation to soft tissue injuries sustained during competition or in connection with rider/saddle interactions. <b>Aim: </b>The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of topical low-frequency therapeutic ultrasound on the shoulder muscles of injured horses. <b>Methods:</b></span><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Muscle mass and cellular health was assessed for <i>M. trapezius</i> using non-invasive multi-frequency bioimpedance, and dynamic improvements in <i>M. trapezius</i> and <i>M. latissimus dorsi</i> were examined using acoustic myography (AMG). A total of 8 injured horses (painful to palpation and atrophied) were treated using an</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">EQ Pro Therapy unit, following a set protocol that comprised treatment every other day for 10 treatments. Pre-treatment values were then compared with post-treatment measurements (1 & 6 months later). </span><b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Results:</span></b><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-family:;" "="">The mfBIA results for <i>M. trapezius</i> showed a significant improvement (P</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0.05) of EQ Pro Therapy treatment for the membrane capacitance (Mc) and phase angle (PA) parameters when comparing the Pre <span>vs</span> Post</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">1 and Post</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">1 <span>vs</span> Post</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">2 measurements. Similar improvements were seen for the AMG measurements for <i>M. trapezius</i> and <i>M. latissimus dorsi</i> where statistically significant improvements in the muscle efficiency (E-score) and temporal summation (T-score) as well as the spatial summation (S-score) and mean of the ST-scores were noted</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">(P</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0.05 to P</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0.01).</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> The present findings suggest that </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">EQ Pro Therapy treatment is efficacious in terms of equine cases involving soft tissue shoulder muscle injuries (</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">painful to palpation and atrophied).</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The main improvements noted were not only increased muscle mass and cellular health</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">but also </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">improved force production, better coordination</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> and lateral balance, which persisted for at least six months after treatment.</span>
文摘Background: Fractures in the limbs of racehorses are common, resulting among other factors, as the result of repeated ground reaction forces on bones and joints, leading to catastrophic failure. Aim: To quantify ground impact transmission through the limb bones of un-shod healthy horses using the non-invasive technique of acoustic myography (AMG). Methods: Four sites were selected for AMG measurements at the walk and trot, hoof wall (site 1) and sites 2 - 4, metacarpal 3, carpals and the radius of the left forelimb of two healthy horses. Measurements were on both rubber and concrete. AMG of the equine hind limb suspensory system was made and analyzed (amplitude and timing) for the proximal suspensory ligament (PSL) and the SDFT/DDFT. Results: AMG signal amplitude at site 1 (1.5 ± 0.2 versus 1.1 ± 1.5) was not found to be significantly different at the trot compared to the walk;however, sites 2, 3 and 4 were all significantly different when compared between the two gaits;site 2 P = 0.008;site 3 P = 0.006;site 4 P = 0.005. AMG signals recorded on the rubber surface had smaller amplitude than the equivalent signal and site on the concrete surface. Ground Reaction Force (GRF) transmission in the equine forelimb was 22 m/sec, whilst that of the hind limb suspensory system was 25 m/sec. Conclusion: Findings indicate that GRFs are transmitted proximally along the limb at considerable speeds, that they are dampened by tissues and structures in the limb, and that the GRFs are present and detectable proximal to the fetlock joint.
文摘Isokinetic and isometric force measurements involving a dynamometer setup are widely used in training and in muscle assessment. For further understanding of the method, we investigated the activation of key functional muscles during isokinetic and isometric movements. During force measurements in an isokinetic Biodex System 3 Pro<sup>TM</sup>, acoustic myography (AMG) was applied. Ten healthy subjects (5 men/5 women) in each decade from 20 to 69 years of age participated in the study. Measurements were carried out during extension and flexion of the ankle, knee and elbow joints. Muscle fibre use was measured by efficiency (E-score) and fibre recruitment (temporal (T-score) and spatial (S-score) summation). AMG measurements showed good reproducibility, and the recruitment pattern of muscle fibres did not change with gender or age. Overall, a significantly higher E-score (P < 0.05) was found at the lower angular velocities than at the higher ones, indicating a lower level of muscle efficiency at higher velocities. Muscles used for knee movement exhibited higher scores than muscles associated with the ankle and elbow joints, most likely related to the greater degree of force production at this joint compared to the ankle and elbow. The ability to activate and inactivate muscle fibres during periods of isokinetic activity becomes increasingly more difficult as the velocity increases. When assessing training effects in sports or rehabilitation, AMG in parallel with isokinetic measurements adds important additional information by giving a measure of possible improvements in efficiency and fibre use.
文摘Running is one of the most popular forms of exercise. Even though regular exercise is beneficial to human health, running is also often associated with an increased risk of injury. Lack of shock absorption in running shoes has often been stated as one of the main reasons for why running-related injuries have been on the increase. The aim of the present study was to assess the degree to which ground reaction forces (GRF) can be dissipated in the human leg in a barefoot subject, in connection with diverse physical activities. Acoustic myography (AMG), a non-invasive technique that records pressure waves from contracting muscles as well as the harmonic damping of ligaments, was applied to four anatomical sites on the subject’s leg, during barefoot walking, jogging, running and jumping. The data for walking on a hard surface show much lower ESTi<sup>TM</sup> parameters than those for the soft surface, and these lower values are observed mainly for sites 1 (toes;65%) and 2 (ankle;53%), respectively. AMG parameters for jogging reveal this gait to have very low ESTi<sup>TM</sup> parameters for site 1 and site 2 (ESTi 2 - 3), yet similar for both surfaces. The data for running on a hard and soft surface revealed much lower ESTi<sup>TM</sup> parameters (38%) than those for sites 3 (knee) and 4 (hip). The data from the big jump, reveal that on a hard surface, the lowest ESTi<sup>TM</sup> parameters were for sites 1 (toes;46%) and 2 (ankle;27%), compared to values on a soft surface. The speed with which GRFs were transmitted up the leg varied from site to site and also with the type of activity, ranging from undetectable to approx. 60 m/sec. The present study reveals that the ankle joint is exposed to the greatest forces during jumping and running. In addition, this study has confirmed that exercising on a hard surface does indeed increase the stress forces on the toes and ankles. It is interesting to note that the data reveal that toes and ankles absorb most of the GRF during running, while the knee and hip joint remain unaffected, although a more detailed study involving a larger number of subjects and shoe types is now needed.
文摘The use of Winderen Knee Protection Solution stirrups compared to standard iron stirrups, reveals the following benefits: 1) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 14 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 5 - 7 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for muscles around the knee. 2) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 25 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 9 - 10 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for ligaments around the knee. 3) A significant improvement in the E-score (less time exposed to stress and shock) and ST-score (lower force around the knee) whilst walking. 4) A considerable improvement in rider comfort and feeling of leg stability (self-assessment) compared with the owners current stirrups, whilst riding.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The recent acknowledgment of the paracrine role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in vascular modulation has been supported by many studies investigating major arteries in several animal models and humans. The influence of PVAT on the functional activity of the vascular bed has been a matter of debate, whether it is an anticontractile effect with protective roles or a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pro-contractile effect, investigations are underway to address this obscuri</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ty. In this investigation</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> we have studied the effects of vasoconstrictors,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> phen</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">y</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lephrine and noradrenaline, and vasorelaxants, carbachol and s-nitroso-n-</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), on subclavian and iliac rings with and without PVAT attached;and concentration-response curves were constructed accordingly. Levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated due to activation of the enzyme adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by 5-Aminoimi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dazole-4-carboxamide-1-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) were measured in sub</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clavian and iliac PVAT conditioned media. Additionally, Haematoxylin and Eosin staining was performed to analyze and compare the histological characteristics of both arteries. Subclavian and iliac rings with PVAT attached showed stronger contraction to phenylephrine and noradrenaline than that of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rings without PVAT attached. At the same time, relaxation tests reported</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">lower relaxation percentages in subclavian and iliac rings with PVAT at</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tached </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">compared to rings without PVAT attached in response to carbachol and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">SNAP. PVAT treated with AICAR generated higher levels of NO compared to levels of untreated PVAT. Conclusions drawn were the pro-contractile effects demonstrated by the PVAT especially in high concentrations of drugs used. In addition, histology analysis revealed characteristics of white adipose tissue in both PVATs.</span></span>
基金This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of ginger root juice on contractibility of resistance blood vessels from mice and on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)in human endothelial cells.Methods:Juice was prepared from semi-dry ginger roots.Mesenteric artery rings were dis-sected from healthy adult C57BL/J6 mice.Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HU-VECs)were isolated from umbilical cords of normal full-term babies.The contractibility of the dissected vessel rings in the presence or absence of ginger root juice at 0.1%(v/v)after potassium(100 mM KCL)stimulation was measured by wire myography.The phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and eNOS in the presence of ginger root juice in the culture medium at 0,0.025%,0.05%,0.1%,and 0.2%(v/v)in HUVECs were assessed by western blotting analysis.Results:An immediate sharp increase in the contractile activity was observed in mesenteric artery rings in response to KCL stimulation.Ginger root juice effectively attenuated the KCL-mediated vessel contraction.Moreover,ginger root juice significantly increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and eNOS in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:Ginger root juice is capable of relaxing resistance blood vessels.Activation of ERK1/2 and eNOS through phosphorylation in endothelial cells may be a mechanism underlying the vasodilator activity of ginger root.
