AIM： To investigate the effects of entero-hepatic bile add circulation on the inter-digestive migrating myoelectrical complex （MMC） in rats. METHODS： Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. Three pairs of b...AIM： To investigate the effects of entero-hepatic bile add circulation on the inter-digestive migrating myoelectrical complex （MMC） in rats. METHODS： Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. Three pairs of bipolar silver electrodes were chronically implanted in the antrum, duodenum and jejunum. Three groups of Uhem were ligatecl around the upper part of common bile duct （CBD）. The experiments were performed in consdous and fasting state. The gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity was recorded. Ursodeoxycholic acid （UDCA） and saline were then perfused into stomachs of two groups with CBD obstruction and the effects of them on the MMC were observed. RESULTS： A typical pattern of MMC was observed in normal fasting rats. MMC of antral and duodenal origin disappeared temporarily in earlier stage of CBD obstruction. While MMC of jejunum origin appeared. increased MMC cycle duration was seen after 4 d in rats with CBD obstruction. The MMC after CBD obstruction was characterized by an increased duration of phase Ⅱ-like activity and decreased duration of phase Ⅰ ＆ Ⅲ activity. Perfusion into stomachs with UDCA resulted in a shorter MMC cycle duration and a longer duration of phase III of duodenal origin compared to the normal group. CONCLUSION： Entero-hepatic bile add drculation initiates inter-digestive MMC of duodenal origin.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effect of age and acoustic stress on gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and autonomic nervous system function. METHODS: Twenty-one male subjects (age range 22-71 years, mean 44 years) were recru...AIM: To evaluate the effect of age and acoustic stress on gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and autonomic nervous system function. METHODS: Twenty-one male subjects (age range 22-71 years, mean 44 years) were recruited and exposed, in random order, to three auditory stimuli (Hospital noise, conversation babble and traffic noise) after a 20-min baseline. All periods lasted 20 min and were interspersed with a 10 min of recovery. GMA was obtained using a Synectics Microdigitrapper. Autonomic nerve function was assessed by monitoring blood pressure and heart rate using an automatic recording device. RESULTS: Dominant power tended to decrease with increase of age (P < 0.05). The overall percentage of three cycle per minute (CPM) activity decreased during exposure to hospital noise (12.0%, P < 0.05), traffic noise (13.9%, P < 0.05), and conversation babble (7.1%). The subjects in the younger group (< 50 years) showed a consistent reduction in the percentage of 3 CPM activity during hospital noise (22.9%, P < 0.05), traffic noise (19.0%, P < 0.05), and conversation babble (15.5%). These observations were accompanied by a significant increase in bradygastria: hospital noise (P < 0.05) and traffic noise (P < 0.05). In contrast, the subjects over 50 years of age did not exhibit a significant decrease in 3 CPM activity. Regardless of age, noise did not alter blood pressure or heart rate. CONCLUSION: GMA changes with age. Loud noise can alter GMA, especially in younger individuals. Our data indicate that even short-term exposure to noise may alter the contractility of the stomach.展开更多
Surface electromyogram(sEMG)serves as a means to discern human movement intentions,achieved by applying epidermal electrodes to specific body regions.However,it is difficult to obtain high-fidelity sEMG recordings in ...Surface electromyogram(sEMG)serves as a means to discern human movement intentions,achieved by applying epidermal electrodes to specific body regions.However,it is difficult to obtain high-fidelity sEMG recordings in areas with intricate curved surfaces,such as the body,because regular sEMG electrodes have stiff structures.In this study,we developed myoelectrically sensitive hydrogels via 3D printing and integrated them into a stretchable,flexible,and high-density sEMG electrodes array.This electrode array offered a series of excellent human-machine interface(HMI)features,including conformal adherence to the skin,high electron-to-ion conductivity(and thus lower contact impedance),and sustained stability over extended periods.These attributes render our electrodes more conducive than commercial electrodes for long-term wearing and high-fidelity sEMG recording at complicated skin interfaces.Systematic in vivo studies were used to investigate its efficacy to control a prosthetic hand by decoding sEMG signals from the human hand via a multiple-channel readout circuit and a sophisticated artificial intelligence algorithm.Our findings demonstrate that the 3D printed gel myoelectric sensing system enables real-time and highly precise control of a prosthetic hand.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the influence of percutaneous local therapy on gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas.METHODS:Forty-four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) [27 males and ...AIM:To investigate the influence of percutaneous local therapy on gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas.METHODS:Forty-four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) [27 males and 17 females,ranging in age from 49 to 81 years old(69.7 ± 8.01 years)] who were admitted for percutaneous local therapy were enrolled in this study.We examined clinical abdominal symptoms using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS) before and 3 d after percutaneous local therapy.We also measured cutaneous fasting and postprandial electrogastrography(EGG) recordings before and 3 d after percutaneous local therapy.RESULTS:We found that the percentage of normogastria in the fasting period was lower in the Child B group than in the Child A group(66.8% ± 8.6% vs 84.0% ± 3.8%).After percutaneous local therapy for HCC,the percentages of normogastria in the fasting period were significantly decreased(81.6% ± 3.5% vs 75.2% ± 4.5%).None of the postprandial EGG parameters changed significantly after percutaneous local therapy for HCC.Percutaneous local therapy for HCC reduced the power ratio(PR).In particular,the PR of tachygastria was significantly decreased after therapy(P < 0.01).However,no significant differences were found in the postprandial EGG parameters.Likewise,no significant differences were found in the calculated GSRS scores obtained from the questionnaire before and after therapy.CONCLUSION:Gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias were induced by percutaneous local therapy in HCC patients,even though the GSRS scores obtained from the questionnaire did not change significantly.展开更多
Objective ：To explore the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on the interdigestive migrating motor complex （MMC） in rats. Methods： Adult SD rats of either sex were used; 0.5 μl motilin （0. 74 retool/L） was i...Objective ：To explore the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on the interdigestive migrating motor complex （MMC） in rats. Methods： Adult SD rats of either sex were used; 0.5 μl motilin （0. 74 retool/L） was injected into the guide cannula which was stereotaxically implanted into the hippocampus previously. Then the MMC was recorded by a RM6240B multilead physiological recording system. Resuits： （1）MMC characteristics of normal rats＇ duodenum： the frequency of phase Ⅲ was （18. 1±0. 4） bursts/min; the amplitude of phase Ⅲ was （260.5±42.3）μV; the duration of phase Ⅲ was （354.1±21.6） s; MMC cycle duration was （690.2±58.7）s. （2） After motilin was injected into the hippocampus, the duodenal MMC cycle duration was decreased significantly. However, the amplitude of phase Ⅲ and the frequency of phase Ⅲ were increased. But there were no effects on the duration of phase Ⅲ . Frequency of phase Ⅲ percentage change was much more than amplitude of phase Ⅲ percentage change （57.2±2.8 vs 39.3±5. 2）. （3） Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC were completely abolished by subdiaphragmal vagotomy. （4） Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC were unaffected by intravenously injected atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. （5） The anti-motilin serum partly abolished the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC. Conclusion： Motilin in the hippocampus has effects on the duodenal MMC cycle duration, the amplitude of phase Ⅲ and the frequency of phase Ⅲ. Motilin in the hippocampus plays an important role in duodenal MMC.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the mechanisms and effects of sphincter of Oddi(SO) motility on cholesterol gallbladder stone formation in guinea pigs.METHODS: Thirty-four adult male Hartley guinea pigs were divided randomly into...AIM: To investigate the mechanisms and effects of sphincter of Oddi(SO) motility on cholesterol gallbladder stone formation in guinea pigs.METHODS: Thirty-four adult male Hartley guinea pigs were divided randomly into two groups, the control group(n = 10) and the cholesterol gallstone group(n = 24), which was sequentially divided into four subgroups with six guinea pigs each according to time of sacrifice. The guinea pigs in the cholesterol gallstone group were fed a cholesterol lithogenic diet and sacrificed after 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk. SO manometry and recording of myoelectric activity were obtained by a multifunctional physiograph at each stage. Cholecystokinin-A receptor(CCKAR) expression levels in SO smooth muscle were detected by quantitative real-time PCR(q RT-PCR) and serum vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP), gastrin, and cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at each stage in the process of cholesterol gallstone formation.RESULTS: The gallstone formation rate was 0%, 0%, 16.7%, and 83.3% in the 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk groups, respectively. The frequency of myoelectric activity in the 9 wk group, the amplitude of myoelectric activity in the 9 and 12 wk groups, and the amplitude and the frequency of SO in the 9 wk group were all significantly decreased compared to the control group. The SO basal pressure and common bile duct pressure increased markedly in the 12 wk group, and the CCKAR expression levels increased in the 6 and 12 wk groups compared to the control group. Serum VIP was elevated significantly in the 9 and 12 wk groups and gastrin decreased significantly in the 3 and 9 wk groups. There was no difference in serum CCK-8 between the groups.CONCLUSION: A cholesterol gallstone-causing diet can induce SO dysfunction. The increasing tension of the SO along with its decreasing activity may play an important role in cholesterol gallstone formation. Expression changes of CCKAR in SO smooth muscle and serum VIP and CCK-8 may be important causes of SO dysfunction.展开更多
Artificial facial nerve prostheses are thought to restore eye-closed function in peripheral facial paralysis patients.At present,however,there is no adequate quantitative or qualitative information regarding myoelectr...Artificial facial nerve prostheses are thought to restore eye-closed function in peripheral facial paralysis patients.At present,however,there is no adequate quantitative or qualitative information regarding myoelectric signal（MES）features for healthy orbiculads oculi muscle（OOM）.The present study analyzed MES features of normal OOM in rabbits during the natural continuous eye-opening（N1）state,natural continuous eye-closing（N2）state,natural blink（N3）state,and evoked eye-closing（E）state according to time domain and frequency domain analysis.Results showed that OOM electrical activities in N1 and N2 states,as well as myoelectric amplitude,were low and stable.Nevertheless,during N3 and E states,OOM electrical activities were significantly increased and amplitude was much higher in the E state than in the N3 state.In the time domain,differences in MES peak absolute potential were not significant between N1 and N2 states,in the frequency domain,differences in power spectral density peak frequency of electromyogram signals were significant between two sets of four OOM movement states.These results suggest that OOM significantly contracts and induces eyelid-closing action.In addition,OOM is diastolic during the N1state.A N2 state does not require continuous intensive OOM contraction.Moreover,distinctions of quantitative information in time and frequency domain features of MES can be used as an OOM reference to identify muscle movement patterns.展开更多
AIM： To explore the mechanism of the exciting effects of electro-acupuncture （EA） at Sibai on the gastric myoelectric activities. METHODS： A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Through intrape...AIM： To explore the mechanism of the exciting effects of electro-acupuncture （EA） at Sibai on the gastric myoelectric activities. METHODS： A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Through intraperitoneal injection with atropine （the anti-cholinergic agent by blockade of muscarinic receptors）, hexarnethonium （automatic nerve ganglion-blocking agent） and reserpine （anti-adrenergic agent by depleting the adrenergic nerve terminal of its norepinephrine store）, effects of EA at Sibai on the gastric myoelectric activities of the denervated rats were observed. RESULTS： After intraperitoneal injection of atropine and hexamethonium, the average amplitude and ratio of period to time in the phase of high activity of gastric myoelectric slow wave, and the average numbers of the peaks of gastric myoelectric fast wave were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）, while after intraperitoneal injection of reserpine, the aforementioned three parameters were increased （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）. EA at Sibai point partially relieved the inhibitory effect of atropine and hexamethonium on the gastric myoelectric activities in the rats （P 〈 0.05 or P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Cholinergic and adrenergic nervous systems and autonomic nerve ganglion participate in the peripheral passage of the controlling effects of EA at Foot Yangming Channel on gastrointestinal tract.展开更多
The lack of an effective medical treatment for gastroparesis has pushed the research of new techniques of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) for nearly half a century of experimentation with a large variety of elect...The lack of an effective medical treatment for gastroparesis has pushed the research of new techniques of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) for nearly half a century of experimentation with a large variety of electrical stimuli delivered to the gastric wall of animals and patients with gastroparesis. Three principal methods are currently available: gastric low-frequency/high-energy GES with long pulse stimulation, high-frequency/low-energy GES with short pulse stimulation and neural sequential GES. The first method aims to reset a regular slow wave rhythm, but has variable effects on contractions and requires devices with large and heavy batteries unsuitable for implantation. High-frequency/low-energy GES, although inadequate to restore a normal gastric electro-mechanical activity, improves dyspeptic symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, giving patients a better quality of life together with a more satisfactory nutritional status and is suitable for implantation. Unfortunately, the numerous clinical studies using this type of GES, with the exception of two, were not controlled and there is a need for definitive verification of the effectiveness of this technique to justify the cost and the risks of this procedure. The last method, which is neural sequential GES, consists of a microprocessor-controlled sequential activation of a series of annular electrodes along the distal two thirds of the stomach and is able to induce propagated contractions causing forceful emptying of the gastric content. The latter method is the most promising, but has been used only in animals and needs to be tested in patients with gastroparesis before it is regarded as a solution for this disease.展开更多
AIM： To study the direct correlation between gastric dysrhythrnias and in vivo gastric muscle tone. METHODS： Five healthy dogs were implanted with 4 pairs of electrodes along the greater curvature, with a strain gau...AIM： To study the direct correlation between gastric dysrhythrnias and in vivo gastric muscle tone. METHODS： Five healthy dogs were implanted with 4 pairs of electrodes along the greater curvature, with a strain gauge （SG） being sutured parallel to the distal electrodes （2 cm above the pylorus）. Intravenous vasopressin was given to induce gastric dysrhythrnia. The percentage of regular slow waves and SG energy were calculated. RESULTS： （1） the regularity of gastric rnyoelectric activity （GMA） was reduced during and after infusion of vasopressin; （2） SG energy was significantly decreased during the infusion of vasopressin; （3） the decrease in SG energy was well correlated with the reduction in GMA regularity; （4） SG energy was negatively correlated with bradygastria and tachygastria. CONCLUSION： Vasopressin inhibits gastric contractions and impairs gastric slow waves; gastric dysrhythrnias are associated with the reduced antral muscle contractions, and are indicative of antral hypornotility.展开更多
Tactile and proprioception feedback are essential to myoelectric hand prostheses control for regaining functionality of lost hands of amputees.Current studies focus on tactile feedback,while the lack of appropriate mu...Tactile and proprioception feedback are essential to myoelectric hand prostheses control for regaining functionality of lost hands of amputees.Current studies focus on tactile feedback,while the lack of appropriate multisensory feedback,especially proprioception feedback,limits the grasping quality.Additionally,a typical non-invasive stimulation scheme for sensation feedback uses stimulation on the stationary site of the skin continuously,which can lead to fatigue and adaptation of sensation,further reduces the feedback consistency,and increases the cognitive burden for the subject.Considering the sensitivity and modality matching of sensation,this study presented a multimodal sensations feedback scheme based on hybrid static-dynamic sensation elicited by multisite Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation(TENS)to deliver grasping force and joint position feedback.In the proposed scheme,stimulation of single electrode produced only in-loco tactile sensation under the electrode,and the sensation intensity was adjusted according to grasping force;sequential activation of multi-electrodes produced an illusion dynamic sensation of a stimulus moving,and the velocity and direction of movement were adjusted according to finger joint position.Psychometric test results demonstrated the identifiability of stimulus in the proposed scheme.Further,prosthetic hand closed-loop grasping tasks evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed feedback scheme.The results showed that the proposed feedback scheme could substantially improve the grasping accuracy and efficiency.In addition,the study outcomes also demonstrated the benefit of artificial proprioception feedback in grasping rapidity and security.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the distribution of the motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats and its role in regulating the duodenal migrating myoelectric complex(MMC).Methods:The distribution of motilin receptor in the ...Objective:To investigate the distribution of the motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats and its role in regulating the duodenal migrating myoelectric complex(MMC).Methods:The distribution of motilin receptor in the amygdala in adult SD rats was detected by immunohistochemistry methods,and the duodenal interdigestive MMC was recorded via the electrodes implanted in the duodenum and analyzed us- ing a multichannel recorder.Results:Motilin receptor was observed in the amygdala of rats.The great amount of motilin receptor was found in the medial amygdaloid nucleus,which was also abundant in the basolateral nucleus but less abundant in the basomedial amygdaloid nucleus,the central amygdaloid nucle- us and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus.The shortening of the duodenal MMC cycle duration and the in- crease of the amplitude and the frequency of phase $ were recorded after motilin receptors being bound with exogenous motilin in the amygdala.The effects could be completely blocked by the subdiaphragmatic vagotomy but not by the intravenous injections of atropine,phentolamine or propranolol.Anti-motilin serum could partially block these effects,and the destruction of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala had no significant effects on the duodenal MMC.Conclusion:Motilin receptor is present in all the subnu- clei of the amygdala,with the greatest amount of motilin receptor present in the medial amygdaloid nucle- us.Microinjections of motilin in the amygdala can shorten the duodenal MMC cycle duration and increase the amplitude and the frequency of phaseⅢ.These effects might be accomplished via the amygdala-hy- pothalamus-brainstem-vagus pathway,indicating the important role of the amygdala motilin receptor in the duodenal MMC regulation.展开更多
AIM To investigate the differences of metoclopramide (MCP) action on myoelectric activity of antrum and small intestine. METHODS Ten healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 250g～350g, were anesthetized with ketamine hy...AIM To investigate the differences of metoclopramide (MCP) action on myoelectric activity of antrum and small intestine. METHODS Ten healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 250g～350g, were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (100mg/kg, intramuscularly). Four pairs of bipolar stainless steel electrodes 3mm apart were implanted on serosal surface of antrum and 1, 10 and 20cm distal to pylorus respectively. Five to 10 days after operation, the gastrointestinal myoelectric activity of fasted rats after intramuscular injection of 2 5, 6 and 12mg/kg MCP respectively ws recorded with a 8 channel EEG machine, and was quantitatively compared with the myoelectric activity after saline injection. RESULTS In fasted rats, 2 5mg/kg MCP increased the amplitude of spike activity (402 0μV±138 4μV, vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05) and the percentage of the slow wave containing spike bursts (60 4%±22 0% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01) of small intestine (1cm distal to pylorus), but did not affect the myoelectric activity of antrum. Six and 12mg/kg MCP increased the amplitude of both the slow wave (332 8μV±200 1μV vs 191 2μV±143 9μV, P <0 01; 330 0μV±197 1μV vs 191 2μV±143 9μV, P <0 05) and the spike activity (180 5μV±69 7μV vs 121 8μV±63 3μV, P <0 05; 174 5μV±71 7μV vs 123 8μV±63 3μV, P <0 05) of antrum, while in small intestine (1cm distal to pylorus) only that of the amplitude of spike activity (407 3μV±179 0μV vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05; 456 0μV±145 4μV vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05) and the percentage of the slow wave containing spike bursts (61 7%±26 5% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01; 59 1%±17 3% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01) was increased and with latent period significantly prolonged (2 5min±0 35min vs 0 77min±0 18min, P <0 01). CONCLUSION Different mechanisms may be involved in increasing the myoelectric activity of antrum and small intestine after MCP administration.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of peptide YY (PYY) on the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in the small intestine in vivo and explore the neural and endocrinal mechanisms of the effects. Method...Objective To investigate the effects of peptide YY (PYY) on the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in the small intestine in vivo and explore the neural and endocrinal mechanisms of the effects. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were supplied with a venous catheter and bipolar electrodes in the duodenum and jejunum for electromyography of stomach and small intestine in wake state. PYY,phentolamine,nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA,the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and atropine were served with PYY respectively. The plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY were observed. Results At all the three recording points,PYY lengthened the circle length of MMC [from (591.90±128.98)s to (999.25±216.59)s,P<0.01] and lowered the frequency of phase Ⅲ [from (39.28±8.40) min-1 to (22.08±3.13) min-1,P<0.01],amplitude of phase Ⅲ [from (0.320±0.060)mV to (0.179±0.030)mV,P<0.01],and the portion of phase Ⅲ over the whole circle length [from (28.61±5.84)% to (15.43±5.16)% ,P<0.01]. Phentolamine had no influence on the role of PYY. Administered L-NNA combined with PYY,the percentage of phase Ⅲ increased [(42.09±8.67)%] compared with that of control (P<0.01) and compared with that of PYY administered alone (P<0.01) too. Atropine combined with PYY showed stronger depressing effects on MMC. No significant difference was found between the plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY. Conclusion PYY may inhibit the interdigestive intestine motility through the none-adrenergic none-cholinergic tract,while the α-receptor tract and circulating motilin are probably not involved in the depressing effect.展开更多
Due to the difference of the plane of facial nerve lesion,facial paralysis can be classifiedinto nudear paralysis,paralysis of cerebellopontine angle,Hunt’s palsy,Bell’s palsy and simple facialneuritis.The authors t...Due to the difference of the plane of facial nerve lesion,facial paralysis can be classifiedinto nudear paralysis,paralysis of cerebellopontine angle,Hunt’s palsy,Bell’s palsy and simple facialneuritis.The authors treated 78 cases of the of the latter 3 types,compared the therapeutical effect after 2courses of treatment,and meanwhile made dynamic electromyographic observation between the tragusand the quadrate musde of upper lip for those with Bell’s palsy and Hunt’s palsy.The result showsthat acupuncture has a fair effect in treating peripheral facial paralysis and simple facial neuritis andthe myoelectric recovery in Bell’s palsy is quicker than that in Hunt’s palsy.It is suggested that thehfeher the pane of the facial nerve lesion is,the more unsatisfactory the effect is,and the effect ismore favorable otherwise.展开更多
People's working capability is badly affected when they sufer an amputated arm.Artifcial replacements with prosthetic devices to get a satisfactory level of performance for essential functions with the currently a...People's working capability is badly affected when they sufer an amputated arm.Artifcial replacements with prosthetic devices to get a satisfactory level of performance for essential functions with the currently available prosthetic technology are very dificult.Myoelectric arm prostheses are becoming popular because they are operated by a natural contraction of intact muscles.Hence,SEMG based artifdal arm was fabricated.The system cousists of diferent electronic and mechanical assemblies for operation of hand utilizing microcontroller in order to have minimum signal loss during its processing.With the hep of relay switching connected to low power DC motor,system is capable of opening and closing of grip according to individual wish.展开更多
Targeted muscle reinnervation has been proposed for reconstruction of neuromuscular function in amputees.However,it is unknown whether performing delayed targeted muscle reinnervation after nerve injury will affect re...Targeted muscle reinnervation has been proposed for reconstruction of neuromuscular function in amputees.However,it is unknown whether performing delayed targeted muscle reinnervation after nerve injury will affect restoration of function.In this rat nerve injury study,the median and musculocutaneous nerves of the forelimb were transected.The proximal median nerve stump was sutured to the distal musculocutaneous nerve stump immediately and 2 and 4 weeks after surgery to reinnervate the biceps brachii.After targeted muscle reinnervation,intramuscular myoelectric signals from the biceps brachii were recorded.Signal amplitude gradually increased with time.Biceps brachii myoelectric signals and muscle fiber morphology and grooming behavior did not significantly differ among rats subjected to delayed target muscle innervation for different periods.Targeted muscle reinnervation delayed for 4 weeks can acquire the same nerve function restoration effect as that of immediate reinnervation.展开更多
Fabric electrode is an emerging electrode element;due to some of its advantages, it can replace traditional conductive gel to become the next generation of electrode. This paper starts from the definition of fabric el...Fabric electrode is an emerging electrode element;due to some of its advantages, it can replace traditional conductive gel to become the next generation of electrode. This paper starts from the definition of fabric electrode, introduces the definition and working principle of fabric electrode, materials of producing electrodes preparation methods, and highlights the fabric used in the myoelectric prosthetic electrodes, supercapacitors and ECG tests.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30170414
文摘AIM： To investigate the effects of entero-hepatic bile add circulation on the inter-digestive migrating myoelectrical complex （MMC） in rats. METHODS： Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. Three pairs of bipolar silver electrodes were chronically implanted in the antrum, duodenum and jejunum. Three groups of Uhem were ligatecl around the upper part of common bile duct （CBD）. The experiments were performed in consdous and fasting state. The gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity was recorded. Ursodeoxycholic acid （UDCA） and saline were then perfused into stomachs of two groups with CBD obstruction and the effects of them on the MMC were observed. RESULTS： A typical pattern of MMC was observed in normal fasting rats. MMC of antral and duodenal origin disappeared temporarily in earlier stage of CBD obstruction. While MMC of jejunum origin appeared. increased MMC cycle duration was seen after 4 d in rats with CBD obstruction. The MMC after CBD obstruction was characterized by an increased duration of phase Ⅱ-like activity and decreased duration of phase Ⅰ ＆ Ⅲ activity. Perfusion into stomachs with UDCA resulted in a shorter MMC cycle duration and a longer duration of phase III of duodenal origin compared to the normal group. CONCLUSION： Entero-hepatic bile add drculation initiates inter-digestive MMC of duodenal origin.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of age and acoustic stress on gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and autonomic nervous system function. METHODS: Twenty-one male subjects (age range 22-71 years, mean 44 years) were recruited and exposed, in random order, to three auditory stimuli (Hospital noise, conversation babble and traffic noise) after a 20-min baseline. All periods lasted 20 min and were interspersed with a 10 min of recovery. GMA was obtained using a Synectics Microdigitrapper. Autonomic nerve function was assessed by monitoring blood pressure and heart rate using an automatic recording device. RESULTS: Dominant power tended to decrease with increase of age (P < 0.05). The overall percentage of three cycle per minute (CPM) activity decreased during exposure to hospital noise (12.0%, P < 0.05), traffic noise (13.9%, P < 0.05), and conversation babble (7.1%). The subjects in the younger group (< 50 years) showed a consistent reduction in the percentage of 3 CPM activity during hospital noise (22.9%, P < 0.05), traffic noise (19.0%, P < 0.05), and conversation babble (15.5%). These observations were accompanied by a significant increase in bradygastria: hospital noise (P < 0.05) and traffic noise (P < 0.05). In contrast, the subjects over 50 years of age did not exhibit a significant decrease in 3 CPM activity. Regardless of age, noise did not alter blood pressure or heart rate. CONCLUSION: GMA changes with age. Loud noise can alter GMA, especially in younger individuals. Our data indicate that even short-term exposure to noise may alter the contractility of the stomach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 42177440 and 52075177)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3301400).
文摘Surface electromyogram(sEMG)serves as a means to discern human movement intentions,achieved by applying epidermal electrodes to specific body regions.However,it is difficult to obtain high-fidelity sEMG recordings in areas with intricate curved surfaces,such as the body,because regular sEMG electrodes have stiff structures.In this study,we developed myoelectrically sensitive hydrogels via 3D printing and integrated them into a stretchable,flexible,and high-density sEMG electrodes array.This electrode array offered a series of excellent human-machine interface(HMI)features,including conformal adherence to the skin,high electron-to-ion conductivity(and thus lower contact impedance),and sustained stability over extended periods.These attributes render our electrodes more conducive than commercial electrodes for long-term wearing and high-fidelity sEMG recording at complicated skin interfaces.Systematic in vivo studies were used to investigate its efficacy to control a prosthetic hand by decoding sEMG signals from the human hand via a multiple-channel readout circuit and a sophisticated artificial intelligence algorithm.Our findings demonstrate that the 3D printed gel myoelectric sensing system enables real-time and highly precise control of a prosthetic hand.
文摘AIM:To investigate the influence of percutaneous local therapy on gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas.METHODS:Forty-four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) [27 males and 17 females,ranging in age from 49 to 81 years old(69.7 ± 8.01 years)] who were admitted for percutaneous local therapy were enrolled in this study.We examined clinical abdominal symptoms using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS) before and 3 d after percutaneous local therapy.We also measured cutaneous fasting and postprandial electrogastrography(EGG) recordings before and 3 d after percutaneous local therapy.RESULTS:We found that the percentage of normogastria in the fasting period was lower in the Child B group than in the Child A group(66.8% ± 8.6% vs 84.0% ± 3.8%).After percutaneous local therapy for HCC,the percentages of normogastria in the fasting period were significantly decreased(81.6% ± 3.5% vs 75.2% ± 4.5%).None of the postprandial EGG parameters changed significantly after percutaneous local therapy for HCC.Percutaneous local therapy for HCC reduced the power ratio(PR).In particular,the PR of tachygastria was significantly decreased after therapy(P < 0.01).However,no significant differences were found in the postprandial EGG parameters.Likewise,no significant differences were found in the calculated GSRS scores obtained from the questionnaire before and after therapy.CONCLUSION:Gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias were induced by percutaneous local therapy in HCC patients,even though the GSRS scores obtained from the questionnaire did not change significantly.
文摘Objective ：To explore the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on the interdigestive migrating motor complex （MMC） in rats. Methods： Adult SD rats of either sex were used; 0.5 μl motilin （0. 74 retool/L） was injected into the guide cannula which was stereotaxically implanted into the hippocampus previously. Then the MMC was recorded by a RM6240B multilead physiological recording system. Resuits： （1）MMC characteristics of normal rats＇ duodenum： the frequency of phase Ⅲ was （18. 1±0. 4） bursts/min; the amplitude of phase Ⅲ was （260.5±42.3）μV; the duration of phase Ⅲ was （354.1±21.6） s; MMC cycle duration was （690.2±58.7）s. （2） After motilin was injected into the hippocampus, the duodenal MMC cycle duration was decreased significantly. However, the amplitude of phase Ⅲ and the frequency of phase Ⅲ were increased. But there were no effects on the duration of phase Ⅲ . Frequency of phase Ⅲ percentage change was much more than amplitude of phase Ⅲ percentage change （57.2±2.8 vs 39.3±5. 2）. （3） Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC were completely abolished by subdiaphragmal vagotomy. （4） Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC were unaffected by intravenously injected atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. （5） The anti-motilin serum partly abolished the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC. Conclusion： Motilin in the hippocampus has effects on the duodenal MMC cycle duration, the amplitude of phase Ⅲ and the frequency of phase Ⅲ. Motilin in the hippocampus plays an important role in duodenal MMC.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China,No.ZR 2012 HM-079
文摘AIM: To investigate the mechanisms and effects of sphincter of Oddi(SO) motility on cholesterol gallbladder stone formation in guinea pigs.METHODS: Thirty-four adult male Hartley guinea pigs were divided randomly into two groups, the control group(n = 10) and the cholesterol gallstone group(n = 24), which was sequentially divided into four subgroups with six guinea pigs each according to time of sacrifice. The guinea pigs in the cholesterol gallstone group were fed a cholesterol lithogenic diet and sacrificed after 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk. SO manometry and recording of myoelectric activity were obtained by a multifunctional physiograph at each stage. Cholecystokinin-A receptor(CCKAR) expression levels in SO smooth muscle were detected by quantitative real-time PCR(q RT-PCR) and serum vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP), gastrin, and cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at each stage in the process of cholesterol gallstone formation.RESULTS: The gallstone formation rate was 0%, 0%, 16.7%, and 83.3% in the 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk groups, respectively. The frequency of myoelectric activity in the 9 wk group, the amplitude of myoelectric activity in the 9 and 12 wk groups, and the amplitude and the frequency of SO in the 9 wk group were all significantly decreased compared to the control group. The SO basal pressure and common bile duct pressure increased markedly in the 12 wk group, and the CCKAR expression levels increased in the 6 and 12 wk groups compared to the control group. Serum VIP was elevated significantly in the 9 and 12 wk groups and gastrin decreased significantly in the 3 and 9 wk groups. There was no difference in serum CCK-8 between the groups.CONCLUSION: A cholesterol gallstone-causing diet can induce SO dysfunction. The increasing tension of the SO along with its decreasing activity may play an important role in cholesterol gallstone formation. Expression changes of CCKAR in SO smooth muscle and serum VIP and CCK-8 may be important causes of SO dysfunction.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.60876082,81070779the grant from Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,No.0852nm06600the "Shu Guang" Project supported by Shanghai Municipal Educa-tion Commission and Shanghai Education Devel-opment Foundation,No.08SG13
文摘Artificial facial nerve prostheses are thought to restore eye-closed function in peripheral facial paralysis patients.At present,however,there is no adequate quantitative or qualitative information regarding myoelectric signal（MES）features for healthy orbiculads oculi muscle（OOM）.The present study analyzed MES features of normal OOM in rabbits during the natural continuous eye-opening（N1）state,natural continuous eye-closing（N2）state,natural blink（N3）state,and evoked eye-closing（E）state according to time domain and frequency domain analysis.Results showed that OOM electrical activities in N1 and N2 states,as well as myoelectric amplitude,were low and stable.Nevertheless,during N3 and E states,OOM electrical activities were significantly increased and amplitude was much higher in the E state than in the N3 state.In the time domain,differences in MES peak absolute potential were not significant between N1 and N2 states,in the frequency domain,differences in power spectral density peak frequency of electromyogram signals were significant between two sets of four OOM movement states.These results suggest that OOM significantly contracts and induces eyelid-closing action.In addition,OOM is diastolic during the N1state.A N2 state does not require continuous intensive OOM contraction.Moreover,distinctions of quantitative information in time and frequency domain features of MES can be used as an OOM reference to identify muscle movement patterns.
基金Supported by the National Key Program (973) of China Project on Basis and Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 2005-CB523305
文摘AIM： To explore the mechanism of the exciting effects of electro-acupuncture （EA） at Sibai on the gastric myoelectric activities. METHODS： A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Through intraperitoneal injection with atropine （the anti-cholinergic agent by blockade of muscarinic receptors）, hexarnethonium （automatic nerve ganglion-blocking agent） and reserpine （anti-adrenergic agent by depleting the adrenergic nerve terminal of its norepinephrine store）, effects of EA at Sibai on the gastric myoelectric activities of the denervated rats were observed. RESULTS： After intraperitoneal injection of atropine and hexamethonium, the average amplitude and ratio of period to time in the phase of high activity of gastric myoelectric slow wave, and the average numbers of the peaks of gastric myoelectric fast wave were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）, while after intraperitoneal injection of reserpine, the aforementioned three parameters were increased （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）. EA at Sibai point partially relieved the inhibitory effect of atropine and hexamethonium on the gastric myoelectric activities in the rats （P 〈 0.05 or P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Cholinergic and adrenergic nervous systems and autonomic nerve ganglion participate in the peripheral passage of the controlling effects of EA at Foot Yangming Channel on gastrointestinal tract.
文摘The lack of an effective medical treatment for gastroparesis has pushed the research of new techniques of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) for nearly half a century of experimentation with a large variety of electrical stimuli delivered to the gastric wall of animals and patients with gastroparesis. Three principal methods are currently available: gastric low-frequency/high-energy GES with long pulse stimulation, high-frequency/low-energy GES with short pulse stimulation and neural sequential GES. The first method aims to reset a regular slow wave rhythm, but has variable effects on contractions and requires devices with large and heavy batteries unsuitable for implantation. High-frequency/low-energy GES, although inadequate to restore a normal gastric electro-mechanical activity, improves dyspeptic symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, giving patients a better quality of life together with a more satisfactory nutritional status and is suitable for implantation. Unfortunately, the numerous clinical studies using this type of GES, with the exception of two, were not controlled and there is a need for definitive verification of the effectiveness of this technique to justify the cost and the risks of this procedure. The last method, which is neural sequential GES, consists of a microprocessor-controlled sequential activation of a series of annular electrodes along the distal two thirds of the stomach and is able to induce propagated contractions causing forceful emptying of the gastric content. The latter method is the most promising, but has been used only in animals and needs to be tested in patients with gastroparesis before it is regarded as a solution for this disease.
文摘AIM： To study the direct correlation between gastric dysrhythrnias and in vivo gastric muscle tone. METHODS： Five healthy dogs were implanted with 4 pairs of electrodes along the greater curvature, with a strain gauge （SG） being sutured parallel to the distal electrodes （2 cm above the pylorus）. Intravenous vasopressin was given to induce gastric dysrhythrnia. The percentage of regular slow waves and SG energy were calculated. RESULTS： （1） the regularity of gastric rnyoelectric activity （GMA） was reduced during and after infusion of vasopressin; （2） SG energy was significantly decreased during the infusion of vasopressin; （3） the decrease in SG energy was well correlated with the reduction in GMA regularity; （4） SG energy was negatively correlated with bradygastria and tachygastria. CONCLUSION： Vasopressin inhibits gastric contractions and impairs gastric slow waves; gastric dysrhythrnias are associated with the reduced antral muscle contractions, and are indicative of antral hypornotility.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB1307201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51875120,91948302,U1813209).
文摘Tactile and proprioception feedback are essential to myoelectric hand prostheses control for regaining functionality of lost hands of amputees.Current studies focus on tactile feedback,while the lack of appropriate multisensory feedback,especially proprioception feedback,limits the grasping quality.Additionally,a typical non-invasive stimulation scheme for sensation feedback uses stimulation on the stationary site of the skin continuously,which can lead to fatigue and adaptation of sensation,further reduces the feedback consistency,and increases the cognitive burden for the subject.Considering the sensitivity and modality matching of sensation,this study presented a multimodal sensations feedback scheme based on hybrid static-dynamic sensation elicited by multisite Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation(TENS)to deliver grasping force and joint position feedback.In the proposed scheme,stimulation of single electrode produced only in-loco tactile sensation under the electrode,and the sensation intensity was adjusted according to grasping force;sequential activation of multi-electrodes produced an illusion dynamic sensation of a stimulus moving,and the velocity and direction of movement were adjusted according to finger joint position.Psychometric test results demonstrated the identifiability of stimulus in the proposed scheme.Further,prosthetic hand closed-loop grasping tasks evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed feedback scheme.The results showed that the proposed feedback scheme could substantially improve the grasping accuracy and efficiency.In addition,the study outcomes also demonstrated the benefit of artificial proprioception feedback in grasping rapidity and security.
基金The Clinical Speciality Emphasis Topic Foundation of Department of Health(No.2004-56)
文摘Objective:To investigate the distribution of the motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats and its role in regulating the duodenal migrating myoelectric complex(MMC).Methods:The distribution of motilin receptor in the amygdala in adult SD rats was detected by immunohistochemistry methods,and the duodenal interdigestive MMC was recorded via the electrodes implanted in the duodenum and analyzed us- ing a multichannel recorder.Results:Motilin receptor was observed in the amygdala of rats.The great amount of motilin receptor was found in the medial amygdaloid nucleus,which was also abundant in the basolateral nucleus but less abundant in the basomedial amygdaloid nucleus,the central amygdaloid nucle- us and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus.The shortening of the duodenal MMC cycle duration and the in- crease of the amplitude and the frequency of phase $ were recorded after motilin receptors being bound with exogenous motilin in the amygdala.The effects could be completely blocked by the subdiaphragmatic vagotomy but not by the intravenous injections of atropine,phentolamine or propranolol.Anti-motilin serum could partially block these effects,and the destruction of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala had no significant effects on the duodenal MMC.Conclusion:Motilin receptor is present in all the subnu- clei of the amygdala,with the greatest amount of motilin receptor present in the medial amygdaloid nucle- us.Microinjections of motilin in the amygdala can shorten the duodenal MMC cycle duration and increase the amplitude and the frequency of phaseⅢ.These effects might be accomplished via the amygdala-hy- pothalamus-brainstem-vagus pathway,indicating the important role of the amygdala motilin receptor in the duodenal MMC regulation.
文摘AIM To investigate the differences of metoclopramide (MCP) action on myoelectric activity of antrum and small intestine. METHODS Ten healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 250g～350g, were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (100mg/kg, intramuscularly). Four pairs of bipolar stainless steel electrodes 3mm apart were implanted on serosal surface of antrum and 1, 10 and 20cm distal to pylorus respectively. Five to 10 days after operation, the gastrointestinal myoelectric activity of fasted rats after intramuscular injection of 2 5, 6 and 12mg/kg MCP respectively ws recorded with a 8 channel EEG machine, and was quantitatively compared with the myoelectric activity after saline injection. RESULTS In fasted rats, 2 5mg/kg MCP increased the amplitude of spike activity (402 0μV±138 4μV, vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05) and the percentage of the slow wave containing spike bursts (60 4%±22 0% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01) of small intestine (1cm distal to pylorus), but did not affect the myoelectric activity of antrum. Six and 12mg/kg MCP increased the amplitude of both the slow wave (332 8μV±200 1μV vs 191 2μV±143 9μV, P <0 01; 330 0μV±197 1μV vs 191 2μV±143 9μV, P <0 05) and the spike activity (180 5μV±69 7μV vs 121 8μV±63 3μV, P <0 05; 174 5μV±71 7μV vs 123 8μV±63 3μV, P <0 05) of antrum, while in small intestine (1cm distal to pylorus) only that of the amplitude of spike activity (407 3μV±179 0μV vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05; 456 0μV±145 4μV vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05) and the percentage of the slow wave containing spike bursts (61 7%±26 5% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01; 59 1%±17 3% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01) was increased and with latent period significantly prolonged (2 5min±0 35min vs 0 77min±0 18min, P <0 01). CONCLUSION Different mechanisms may be involved in increasing the myoelectric activity of antrum and small intestine after MCP administration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30170414)
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of peptide YY (PYY) on the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in the small intestine in vivo and explore the neural and endocrinal mechanisms of the effects. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were supplied with a venous catheter and bipolar electrodes in the duodenum and jejunum for electromyography of stomach and small intestine in wake state. PYY,phentolamine,nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA,the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and atropine were served with PYY respectively. The plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY were observed. Results At all the three recording points,PYY lengthened the circle length of MMC [from (591.90±128.98)s to (999.25±216.59)s,P<0.01] and lowered the frequency of phase Ⅲ [from (39.28±8.40) min-1 to (22.08±3.13) min-1,P<0.01],amplitude of phase Ⅲ [from (0.320±0.060)mV to (0.179±0.030)mV,P<0.01],and the portion of phase Ⅲ over the whole circle length [from (28.61±5.84)% to (15.43±5.16)% ,P<0.01]. Phentolamine had no influence on the role of PYY. Administered L-NNA combined with PYY,the percentage of phase Ⅲ increased [(42.09±8.67)%] compared with that of control (P<0.01) and compared with that of PYY administered alone (P<0.01) too. Atropine combined with PYY showed stronger depressing effects on MMC. No significant difference was found between the plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY. Conclusion PYY may inhibit the interdigestive intestine motility through the none-adrenergic none-cholinergic tract,while the α-receptor tract and circulating motilin are probably not involved in the depressing effect.
文摘Due to the difference of the plane of facial nerve lesion,facial paralysis can be classifiedinto nudear paralysis,paralysis of cerebellopontine angle,Hunt’s palsy,Bell’s palsy and simple facialneuritis.The authors treated 78 cases of the of the latter 3 types,compared the therapeutical effect after 2courses of treatment,and meanwhile made dynamic electromyographic observation between the tragusand the quadrate musde of upper lip for those with Bell’s palsy and Hunt’s palsy.The result showsthat acupuncture has a fair effect in treating peripheral facial paralysis and simple facial neuritis andthe myoelectric recovery in Bell’s palsy is quicker than that in Hunt’s palsy.It is suggested that thehfeher the pane of the facial nerve lesion is,the more unsatisfactory the effect is,and the effect ismore favorable otherwise.
文摘People's working capability is badly affected when they sufer an amputated arm.Artifcial replacements with prosthetic devices to get a satisfactory level of performance for essential functions with the currently available prosthetic technology are very dificult.Myoelectric arm prostheses are becoming popular because they are operated by a natural contraction of intact muscles.Hence,SEMG based artifdal arm was fabricated.The system cousists of diferent electronic and mechanical assemblies for operation of hand utilizing microcontroller in order to have minimum signal loss during its processing.With the hep of relay switching connected to low power DC motor,system is capable of opening and closing of grip according to individual wish.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.U1913601,81927804the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,No.2020B0909020004(GL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81960419,82260456(both to LY)。
文摘Targeted muscle reinnervation has been proposed for reconstruction of neuromuscular function in amputees.However,it is unknown whether performing delayed targeted muscle reinnervation after nerve injury will affect restoration of function.In this rat nerve injury study,the median and musculocutaneous nerves of the forelimb were transected.The proximal median nerve stump was sutured to the distal musculocutaneous nerve stump immediately and 2 and 4 weeks after surgery to reinnervate the biceps brachii.After targeted muscle reinnervation,intramuscular myoelectric signals from the biceps brachii were recorded.Signal amplitude gradually increased with time.Biceps brachii myoelectric signals and muscle fiber morphology and grooming behavior did not significantly differ among rats subjected to delayed target muscle innervation for different periods.Targeted muscle reinnervation delayed for 4 weeks can acquire the same nerve function restoration effect as that of immediate reinnervation.
文摘Fabric electrode is an emerging electrode element;due to some of its advantages, it can replace traditional conductive gel to become the next generation of electrode. This paper starts from the definition of fabric electrode, introduces the definition and working principle of fabric electrode, materials of producing electrodes preparation methods, and highlights the fabric used in the myoelectric prosthetic electrodes, supercapacitors and ECG tests.
