籽粒大小是水稻产量的关键决定因素之一,挖掘调控水稻籽粒大小的基因并解析其分子机制,对水稻精准育种具有重要意义。本研究通过EMS诱变粳稻品种ZH11,获得一个籽粒变窄变长的突变体nlg1(narrow and long grain 1)。扫描电镜观察发现nlg...籽粒大小是水稻产量的关键决定因素之一,挖掘调控水稻籽粒大小的基因并解析其分子机制,对水稻精准育种具有重要意义。本研究通过EMS诱变粳稻品种ZH11,获得一个籽粒变窄变长的突变体nlg1(narrow and long grain 1)。扫描电镜观察发现nlg1成熟颖壳外表皮纵向细胞数目增加,横向细胞数目减少且细胞宽度变窄,表明NLG1基因可能通过调控颖壳细胞的增殖和扩展影响籽粒大小。结合基因组重测序和MutMap分析,将候选基因定位为LOC_Os09g27590(即已报道的GS9),该基因编码一个结构域功能未知的蛋白。在nlg1突变体中,GS9基因第一个外显子插入一个碱基C,导致移码突变和蛋白翻译提前终止。遗传互补实验证实NLG1基因能够恢复nlg1突变体的表型。因此,本研究鉴定了一个新的GS9等位突变,为深入解析GS9调控籽粒大小的分子机制提供了新线索,同时为水稻分子设计育种提供了重要的基因资源和理论依据。展开更多
Chloroplasts are essential for normal plant growth and development.In plants,pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins mediate RNA processing in chloroplasts.Here,we characterized a rice albino leaf 5(al5)mutant which exh...Chloroplasts are essential for normal plant growth and development.In plants,pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins mediate RNA processing in chloroplasts.Here,we characterized a rice albino leaf 5(al5)mutant which exhibits albinism during early leaf development.The MutMap+analysis and transformation experiments revealed that AL5 encodes a chloroplast-localized P-type PPR protein.The AL5 mutation resulted in the defective splicing of ribosomal protein L2(rpl2)and ribosomal protein S12(rps12),which are involved in the synthesis of chloroplast 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits,respectively.The RNA-electrophoretic mobility shift assay(REMSA)further demonstrated that AL5 directly binds to rpl2 transcripts.Finally,disruption of AL5 led to reduced expression of plastid-encoded polymerase(PEP)-dependent plastid genes and nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes.Notably,the albino al5 mutant phenotype was regulated by low temperature.These results suggest that AL5 participates in plastid RNA splicing and plays an important role in chloroplast development in rice.展开更多
Tubercles and spines on fruit peel are important commercial traits in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.). From an ethyl methane sulfonate cucumber mutant library,we discovered a new glabrous mutant that bears no tubercle or...Tubercles and spines on fruit peel are important commercial traits in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.). From an ethyl methane sulfonate cucumber mutant library,we discovered a new glabrous mutant that bears no tubercle or spine on fruit peel and fewer and smaller trichomes on the stem and leaves. The new locus is here designated as glabrous2(gl2). Genome sequencing of the mutant and linkage analysis revealed that a non-synonymous mutation in the Csa1G056960 gene rendered the gl2 phenotype. The mutated gene encodes a C-type lectin receptor-like tyrosine protein kinase. This study provides a novel allele for elucidating the genetic basis of wart and trichome development and a new tool for breeding glabrous cucumber varieties.展开更多
文摘籽粒大小是水稻产量的关键决定因素之一,挖掘调控水稻籽粒大小的基因并解析其分子机制,对水稻精准育种具有重要意义。本研究通过EMS诱变粳稻品种ZH11,获得一个籽粒变窄变长的突变体nlg1(narrow and long grain 1)。扫描电镜观察发现nlg1成熟颖壳外表皮纵向细胞数目增加,横向细胞数目减少且细胞宽度变窄,表明NLG1基因可能通过调控颖壳细胞的增殖和扩展影响籽粒大小。结合基因组重测序和MutMap分析,将候选基因定位为LOC_Os09g27590(即已报道的GS9),该基因编码一个结构域功能未知的蛋白。在nlg1突变体中,GS9基因第一个外显子插入一个碱基C,导致移码突变和蛋白翻译提前终止。遗传互补实验证实NLG1基因能够恢复nlg1突变体的表型。因此,本研究鉴定了一个新的GS9等位突变,为深入解析GS9调控籽粒大小的分子机制提供了新线索,同时为水稻分子设计育种提供了重要的基因资源和理论依据。
基金supported by the Open Competition Program of Top Ten Critical Priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province(2022SDZG05)the Guangdong Province Rural Revitalization Strategy Special Fund Seed Industry Revitalization Project(2022-NJS-15-001)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2022B0202060005).
文摘Chloroplasts are essential for normal plant growth and development.In plants,pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins mediate RNA processing in chloroplasts.Here,we characterized a rice albino leaf 5(al5)mutant which exhibits albinism during early leaf development.The MutMap+analysis and transformation experiments revealed that AL5 encodes a chloroplast-localized P-type PPR protein.The AL5 mutation resulted in the defective splicing of ribosomal protein L2(rpl2)and ribosomal protein S12(rps12),which are involved in the synthesis of chloroplast 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits,respectively.The RNA-electrophoretic mobility shift assay(REMSA)further demonstrated that AL5 directly binds to rpl2 transcripts.Finally,disruption of AL5 led to reduced expression of plastid-encoded polymerase(PEP)-dependent plastid genes and nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes.Notably,the albino al5 mutant phenotype was regulated by low temperature.These results suggest that AL5 participates in plastid RNA splicing and plays an important role in chloroplast development in rice.
基金supported by funding from the National Program on Key Basic Research Projects in China(The 973 Program:2012CB113900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC:31225025)+1 种基金Chinese Ministry of Finance(1251610601001)Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)
文摘Tubercles and spines on fruit peel are important commercial traits in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.). From an ethyl methane sulfonate cucumber mutant library,we discovered a new glabrous mutant that bears no tubercle or spine on fruit peel and fewer and smaller trichomes on the stem and leaves. The new locus is here designated as glabrous2(gl2). Genome sequencing of the mutant and linkage analysis revealed that a non-synonymous mutation in the Csa1G056960 gene rendered the gl2 phenotype. The mutated gene encodes a C-type lectin receptor-like tyrosine protein kinase. This study provides a novel allele for elucidating the genetic basis of wart and trichome development and a new tool for breeding glabrous cucumber varieties.
