A survey conducted on the premature bolting of Huarong large leaf mustard from 2018 to 2024 revealed that Huarong large leaf mustard sown in middle August was associated with a higher propensity for premature bolting....A survey conducted on the premature bolting of Huarong large leaf mustard from 2018 to 2024 revealed that Huarong large leaf mustard sown in middle August was associated with a higher propensity for premature bolting. Furthermore, it was observed that the earlier being sown, the greater the rate of premature bolting when being sown prior to middle August. The rate of premature bolting observed in seedlings sown on August 8 was recorded at 35.6%. It was noted that as the age of the seedlings increased, the rate of premature bolting correspondingly increased. There were notable differences in the tolerance of various cultivars to elevated temperatures and prolonged sunlight exposure. For instance, cultivars such as Zhangjie 1 and Sichuan Shaguodi, which exhibit greater heat resistance, did not demonstrate premature bolting when sown in early August. The prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, drought conditions, and extended periods of sunlight during the seedling stage of Huarong large leaf mustard, coupled with delayed irrigation and transplantation, contributed to the occurrence of premature bolting. The Huarong large leaf mustard, when been sown from late August to early September and transplanted at the appropriate time, exhibited normal growth and development, with no instances of premature bolting observed. It is advisable to select heat-resistant varieties, such as Zhangjie 1, prior to middle August. Huarong large leaf mustard should be sown in early to middle September. Additionally, it is essential to ensure centralized production and timely release of seeds, prompt transplantation and harvesting, and enhance the management of pests and diseases.展开更多
The study, conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2021, focused on the effects of various nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates, biofertilizers containing nitrogen and phosp...The study, conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2021, focused on the effects of various nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates, biofertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as iron and zinc foliar applications on mustard growth under rainfed conditions. The results indicated that biofertilizers, whether used alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, produced comparable grain and oil outputs compared to chemical fertilizers alone. Additionally, the application of iron and zinc through foliar spraying significantly enhanced both grain and oil production. These findings suggest that integrating nitrogen-fixing bacteria and biofertilizers could reduce reliance on chemical nitrogenous fertilizers, leading to decreased production expenses, improved product quality, and minimized environmental impact. This study highlights the potential for sustainable agricultural practices in dry land farming as a viable alternative to traditional chemical-intensive methods. Substituting chemical nitrogenous fertilizers with nitrogen-fixing bacteria or biofertilizers could result in cost savings in mustard grain and oil production while promoting environmental sustainability.展开更多
Flaps become the first option when primary closure is not possible, using them to reduce the tension in the closure, as well as improving the texture and color, which ends in having a better aesthetic outcome. The Mus...Flaps become the first option when primary closure is not possible, using them to reduce the tension in the closure, as well as improving the texture and color, which ends in having a better aesthetic outcome. The Mustardé flap is a flap used for the cheek and lower eye lid defects. We present a 26-year-old male with an avulsive wound in the right maxillary region, with no bone injuries, taken to the operative room performing a Mustardé Flap for reconstruction of the defect area. Patient completed a 7-day antibiotic regimen, using non-steroid anti-inflammatories for pain, wound cleaning and flap hydration with mineral oil, subsequently having an adequate clinical and aesthetic evolution. Conclusion: The Mustardé flap can be a useful pedicled flap for the reconstruction of full-thickness defects.展开更多
A new synthesized benzene nitrogen mustard was converted into glycosyl donor-trichloroacetimidate that was glycosylated with p-nitrophenol（glycosyl donors） to form β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene under the protection of ...A new synthesized benzene nitrogen mustard was converted into glycosyl donor-trichloroacetimidate that was glycosylated with p-nitrophenol（glycosyl donors） to form β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene under the protection of acetyl in a stereoselective manner, was prepared and evaluated for its cytotoxicity towards cultured K562 cell line. Methylthiazoy tetrazolium（MTT） assay, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, flow cytometry（FCM） and immunohistochemistry were utilized to explore the mechanisms of how the compound arrests the growth of HCT-T cells. This new synthesed benzene nitrogen mustard glucoside derivate（BNMGD） presented a lower toxicity to normal cells, but is significantly more toxic to K562 cells compared with nitrogen mustard, meanwhile it can induce the apoptosis of K562 cells. These results indicate that the new synthesized BNMGD can inhibit the growth of K562 cells and induce the apoptosis, and its cytotoxicity towards cultured K562 cell line is much more effective than that of nitrogen mustard.展开更多
Broad leaf mustard(BLM)(Brassica juncea L.var.rugosa,Brassicaceae)is one of the most widely consumed vegetable crops in Nepal.The production of crop in open field is constrained by major pests like mustard aphid and f...Broad leaf mustard(BLM)(Brassica juncea L.var.rugosa,Brassicaceae)is one of the most widely consumed vegetable crops in Nepal.The production of crop in open field is constrained by major pests like mustard aphid and flea beetle.This study was aimed to determine the effects of pest exclusion net(PEN)on pest-infestation and yield of BLM cultivar“Khumal Broad Leaf”.The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design(RCBD)with five treatments and four replications.The treatments included control(no mulch+no net+no pesticide spray),black plastic mulch only,reflective plastic mulch only,black plastic mulch+no net+pesticide spray,and PEN+black plastic mulch+no pesticide spray.Data were analyzed with RSTAT software package and means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test(DMRT)at 5%level of significance.The result revealed that crop under PEN had highest plant height(38.99 cm),lowest number of aphid(0-0.86 per plant),flea beetle(0-1.07 per plant)and highest total marketable yield(77.50 ton/ha)while control had lowest plant height(20.06 cm),highest number of aphid(maximum 2.49 per plant),flea beetle(maximum 2.00 per plant)and lowest total marketable yield(13.75 ton/ha).Economic analysis revealed highest benefit-cost ratio in PEN(9.90).This study indicates that the use of PEN protect BLM against aphid and flea beetle,increases yield and can be considered as a viable technology for BLM production by smallholder growers of Nepal.展开更多
With the acknowledgement of species, symptoms and control measures for diseases, pests and weeds in tumorous stem mustard, the expert prevention system has been studied and developed based on internct, and the system ...With the acknowledgement of species, symptoms and control measures for diseases, pests and weeds in tumorous stem mustard, the expert prevention system has been studied and developed based on internct, and the system mainly includes knowledge database, inference engine, browser web and so on. The knowledge database has been established by Micrsoft Access 2003 software; the procedure of inference engine has been compiled by JavaScript; the pages of browser web have been made by Dreamweaver MX software. The expert system is fuR-featured and user-friendly, which can provide control knowledge against the diseases, pests and weeds of tumorous stem mustard for the majority of farmers, scientific technological person and grass-roots level managers quickly and conveniently,展开更多
Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy（ADEPT） is a new strategy for the treatment of cancer that has arisen in recent twenty years, the main merits of which are that it can improve the selectivity of anticancer dr...Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy（ADEPT） is a new strategy for the treatment of cancer that has arisen in recent twenty years, the main merits of which are that it can improve the selectivity of anticancer drugs and reduce the side effects in remote tissue. In the present study, two prodrugs-glycosylated aromatic nitrogen mustard derivatives were synthesized. Glucose and lactose were converted into glycosyl donors-trichloroacetimidate; the obtained glycosyl donors were glycosylated with p-nitrophenol （ glycosyl donors） to form β-glucosyl p-nitrobenzene and β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene that were protected by acetyl in a stereoselective manner; the two products were reduced by zinc dust and then treated with ethylene oxide, afforded two glycosylated nitrogen mustard derivatives that were protected by acetyl; the last step was to deacetylate and then afforded the two target compounds that could be used as prodrugs of ADEPT for further Anti-tumor research.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the protective efficacy of gossypin （3,3＇,4＇,5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone 8-glucoside） by administering it intraperitoneally, for dose, time, and vehicle dependent effects against sulphur mustard...Objective To evaluate the protective efficacy of gossypin （3,3＇,4＇,5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone 8-glucoside） by administering it intraperitoneally, for dose, time, and vehicle dependent effects against sulphur mustard （SM）, administered through percutaneous route in mice. Methods SM （diluted in PEG-300） was administered percutaneously. The protective efficacy of gossypin was evaluated by administering it intraperitoneally （50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg）, in various vehicles （water, PEG-300 and DMSO）, and time intervals （30 min prior, simultaneous and 2 h post）. The time dependent protection of gossypin （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） was also evaluated using selected biochemical variables （GSH, GSSG, MDA, total antioxidant status, Hb, WBC count, RBC count, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase） and liver histology. The protection of gossypin by oral route was also evaluated against percutaneously administered SM. Results The protection against systemic toxicity of SM （LD50 8.1 mg/kg） was better when gossypin was given with PEG-300 （8.0 folds） than DMSO （5.7 folds）. No protection was observed when gossypin was administered with water. Good protection （8.0 folds） was observed when gossypin was administered （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） at 30 min prior or simultaneous to SM exposure, but no protection was observed when gossypin was administered 2 h post to SM exposure. A significant weight loss was observed 7 days after SM administration （2 LD50）, with a significant increase in RBC and Hb. A significant decrease in total antioxidant status of plasma, liver GSH and GSSG levels, and in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase was also observed 7 days after SM administration. SM treated mouse liver also showed necrosis. A significant protection was observed when gossypin （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） was administered either as a pretreatment （30 min before） or simultaneous treatment, and not as a post treatment （2 h）. The protective efficacy of gossypin was better through oral route when administered with DMSO （4.8 folds） than with PEG-300 （2.4 folds）. No protection was observed when gossypin was administered orally with water. Conclusion Percutaneous administration of SM induces oxidative stress and gossypin can protect it as a prophylactic agent by intraperitoneal or oral routes.展开更多
Sulphur mustard [bis(2 chloro ethyl) sulfide] (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent has been frequently used as a chemical warfare agent. In the present study, the effects of sodium 2 3 dimercaptopropane sulphonic ...Sulphur mustard [bis(2 chloro ethyl) sulfide] (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent has been frequently used as a chemical warfare agent. In the present study, the effects of sodium 2 3 dimercaptopropane sulphonic acid (DMPS) on some biochemical and histological parameters in mice, exposed to 1/4LC 50 concentration of SM vapor (10.5 mg/m\+3) were examined over a period of seven days. Exposure of SM resulted in a significant loss of blood, hepatic and pulmonary glutathione (GSH) and an elevation of hepatic and pulmonary oxidized glutathione (GSSG). These biochemical changes were accompanied by a number of histopathological alterations. The most prominent was congestion and degeneration in viscera and obliteration of chromatin material. These biochemical and histopathological changes were less marked in animals pre administered with DMPS followed by DMPS exposure indicating some protective value of the thiol (DMPS) against SM induced oxidative injury in mice.展开更多
Toxic effects of inhaled sulfur mustard (SM) on the histology of visceral organs was investigaed by exposing mice to 84. 6mg/m3 for 1h duration, using controlled single exposure conditions. A progressive fall in body...Toxic effects of inhaled sulfur mustard (SM) on the histology of visceral organs was investigaed by exposing mice to 84. 6mg/m3 for 1h duration, using controlled single exposure conditions. A progressive fall in body weight from third day onwards was noticed. Light microscopic examination of the pulmonary tissue of these animals at 6 h post exposure revealed that the tracheobronchial epithelium remained intact, but was infiltrated by inflammatory cells. By 24 h post exposure, the mucosecretory cells were destroyed. The indanunatory reaction was maximum at 48 h. By 7th day post exposure there was swelling and vacuolation of lung parenchymal cells and thrombi formation. In addition SM caused congestion and hemorrhage at alveolar level. SM also caused granulovacuolar degeneration with perinuclear clumping of the cytopasm of hepatocytes and renal parenchymal cells. Renallesions were chazacterized by congestion and hemorrhage. Among visceral tissues, maximum atrophywas observed in spleen. Distribution of lesions increased with post exposure period. The maximum lesions were observed at 7th day post-exposure.展开更多
Heavy metal distribution in the specialized accumulating plants was important for phytoextraction technique. Hydroponic and pot experiment were conducted to investigated Cd phytoextraction ability and Cd distribution ...Heavy metal distribution in the specialized accumulating plants was important for phytoextraction technique. Hydroponic and pot experiment were conducted to investigated Cd phytoextraction ability and Cd distribution in the plant of oilseed rape species. The results showed that oilseed rape Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 was more effective in phytoexetraction Cd among 21 varieties of oilseed rape and indicator plant Indian mustard. Cd concentration in the shoot of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard gradually decreased with an increase in growth period, while the amount of Cd uptake increased with the increase of growth period. There was constantly decrease in Cd concentration from the base leaves to the top leaves of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard, the percentages of Cd uptake in older leaves were higher than those of younger leaves. Older leaves of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard extracted more Cd for the Cd contamination soil, leaves should as far as possible develop before they reached the soil and the older leaves were harvested in priority.展开更多
Background: In clinical studies, the findings on sulfur mustard(SM) toxicity for CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets are contradictory. In animal experiments, the effect of SM on the T cell number and prolifera...Background: In clinical studies, the findings on sulfur mustard(SM) toxicity for CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets are contradictory. In animal experiments, the effect of SM on the T cell number and proliferation is incompatible and is even the opposite of the results in human studies. In this study, we observed the dynamic changes of T lymphocytes in the first week in a high-dose SM-induced model.Methods: Mice were exposed to SM by subcutaneous injection(20 mg/kg) and were sacrificed 4 h, 24 h, 72 h and 168 h later. Spleen T lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated by 3H-Td R. Flow cytometric analysis was used to observe the percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets. The IL-1e assayed using the Luminex method. DNA damage in bone marrow ceβ, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-lls was observed with α levels in plasma werthe single cell gel electrophoresis technique(SCGE).Results: SM continuously inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes for 7 days, and there was a significant rebound of Con A-induced T lymphocyte proliferation only at 24 h. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes was upregulated, which was accompanied by increased IL-1β and TNF-creased in the PG group at 4 h. The peak of lymphocytic apoptα and decreased IL-10. The IL-6 level was gradually deosis and DNA damage occurred at 24 h and 72 h, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show that SM significantly inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation as well as induced CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ upregulation. SM intoxication also significantly increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and inhibited the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Our results may partly be due to the significant SM induced significant apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocytes as well as DNA damage of bone marrow cells. The results provided a favorable evaluation of SM immune toxicity in an animal model.展开更多
The present study set its research background in the scientific develop- ment at present and in the future, the actual production needs, and the goal of building a bigger and stronger mustard industry. On the basis of...The present study set its research background in the scientific develop- ment at present and in the future, the actual production needs, and the goal of building a bigger and stronger mustard industry. On the basis of a comprehensive and systematic investigation and a scientific analysis of the development status of mustard industry, especially the technical bottlenecks and problems constraining the industrialized production of mustard in south China, the present study proposed spe- cific research ideas, prospects, suggestions and measures accordingly. It was hoped to provide powerful technical support to promote the industrialized, healthy and sus- tainable development of the mustard industry in south China, and be of practical im- plications for the enrichment of people＇s ＂vegetable baskets＂ and the restructuring of the vegetable industry.展开更多
Two novel steroid-linked nitrogen mustard conjugates la and lb were synthesized by using estrogenic acid 4 coupled with aniline mustard 8 and phenol mustard 13 in an esterification or amidation procedure. Preliminary ...Two novel steroid-linked nitrogen mustard conjugates la and lb were synthesized by using estrogenic acid 4 coupled with aniline mustard 8 and phenol mustard 13 in an esterification or amidation procedure. Preliminary cytotoxic screening on cancer cell lines in vitro showed that, the steroid-ester linked nitrogen mustard conjugate la exhibited obvious increasing of activities.展开更多
A full-scale experimental study of treating mustard wastewater by the integrated bioreactor with designed scale of 1 000 m3/d is conducted combined with a demonstration project. The systematical researches on the effi...A full-scale experimental study of treating mustard wastewater by the integrated bioreactor with designed scale of 1 000 m3/d is conducted combined with a demonstration project. The systematical researches on the efficiency of combined operation conditions of anaerobic-aerobic and anaerobic-aerobic-flocculation as well as chemical phosphorus removal of hypersaline mustard wastewater are conducted. The optimal operation condition and parameters in pretreatment of mustard wastewater in winter （the water temperature ranges 8-15 ~C） are determined： the anaerobic load is 3.0 kg （COD）/（m3.d）, the average COD and phosphate concentration of the inflow are respectively 3 883 mg/L and 35.53 mg/L and the dosage of flocculent （PAC） is 400 mg/L. The anaerobic-aerobic-flocculation combined operation condition and postpositive phosphorous removal with ferrous sulfate are employed. After treatment, the COD of the effluent is 470 mg/L and the average phosphate concentration is 5.09 mg/L. The effluent could achieve the third-level of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard （GB 8978--1996）.展开更多
The efficacy of three seed treating chemicals viz. Provax 200 WP, Brine solution, Rovral 50 WP and one Biofungicide viz. BAU-Biofungicide were evaluated against Alternaria blight of mustard caused by Alternaria brassi...The efficacy of three seed treating chemicals viz. Provax 200 WP, Brine solution, Rovral 50 WP and one Biofungicide viz. BAU-Biofungicide were evaluated against Alternaria blight of mustard caused by Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola. Three varieties viz. var. BARI-6, Tori-7 and SAU-Shorisha-1 were used in this study. The field experiment was conducted in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and laboratory experiment was conducted in the seed health Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during the period from November 2008 to July 2009. Among the seed treating chemicals, Rovral 50WP showed the best performance in reducing disease incidence and severity as well as increasing seed yield. Application of Rovral 50 WP gave the best result in increasing the number of pod per plant, pod length (cm), number of branch per plant, 100 siliqua weight (g) and 1000 seed weight (g). BAU-Biofungicide also showed promising performance in controlling Alternaria blight of mustard and reduced 36% and 53% disease incidence and disease severity respectively over untreated control. BAU-Biofungicide may be recommended as an alternative means of chemical fungicide such as Rovral 50 WP for controlling Alternaria blight of mustard.展开更多
Taking tumorous stem mustard infected by black spot disease as the research material, the ribosomal 5.8S rDNA and its flanking ITS region were cloned, sequenced and aligned in the study. The results showed that the ba...Taking tumorous stem mustard infected by black spot disease as the research material, the ribosomal 5.8S rDNA and its flanking ITS region were cloned, sequenced and aligned in the study. The results showed that the base sequence of pathogens collected from five different sites was almost identical with that of Alternaria brassicae, and the similarity degree reached 99.68%, without base difference greater than 3 bp. It had obvious differences with the sequences of A. brassicicola and A. japonica, and the base difference was greater than 3 bp with a lot of fragment deletions. It was preliminarily determined that the pathogen cau- sing black spot disease on tumorous stem mustard was A. brassicae.展开更多
基金Supported by Key R&D Projects of Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology"Study on Key Modern Processing Techniques and Product Development of Huarong Mustard"(2023NK2039).
文摘A survey conducted on the premature bolting of Huarong large leaf mustard from 2018 to 2024 revealed that Huarong large leaf mustard sown in middle August was associated with a higher propensity for premature bolting. Furthermore, it was observed that the earlier being sown, the greater the rate of premature bolting when being sown prior to middle August. The rate of premature bolting observed in seedlings sown on August 8 was recorded at 35.6%. It was noted that as the age of the seedlings increased, the rate of premature bolting correspondingly increased. There were notable differences in the tolerance of various cultivars to elevated temperatures and prolonged sunlight exposure. For instance, cultivars such as Zhangjie 1 and Sichuan Shaguodi, which exhibit greater heat resistance, did not demonstrate premature bolting when sown in early August. The prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, drought conditions, and extended periods of sunlight during the seedling stage of Huarong large leaf mustard, coupled with delayed irrigation and transplantation, contributed to the occurrence of premature bolting. The Huarong large leaf mustard, when been sown from late August to early September and transplanted at the appropriate time, exhibited normal growth and development, with no instances of premature bolting observed. It is advisable to select heat-resistant varieties, such as Zhangjie 1, prior to middle August. Huarong large leaf mustard should be sown in early to middle September. Additionally, it is essential to ensure centralized production and timely release of seeds, prompt transplantation and harvesting, and enhance the management of pests and diseases.
文摘The study, conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2021, focused on the effects of various nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates, biofertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as iron and zinc foliar applications on mustard growth under rainfed conditions. The results indicated that biofertilizers, whether used alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, produced comparable grain and oil outputs compared to chemical fertilizers alone. Additionally, the application of iron and zinc through foliar spraying significantly enhanced both grain and oil production. These findings suggest that integrating nitrogen-fixing bacteria and biofertilizers could reduce reliance on chemical nitrogenous fertilizers, leading to decreased production expenses, improved product quality, and minimized environmental impact. This study highlights the potential for sustainable agricultural practices in dry land farming as a viable alternative to traditional chemical-intensive methods. Substituting chemical nitrogenous fertilizers with nitrogen-fixing bacteria or biofertilizers could result in cost savings in mustard grain and oil production while promoting environmental sustainability.
文摘Flaps become the first option when primary closure is not possible, using them to reduce the tension in the closure, as well as improving the texture and color, which ends in having a better aesthetic outcome. The Mustardé flap is a flap used for the cheek and lower eye lid defects. We present a 26-year-old male with an avulsive wound in the right maxillary region, with no bone injuries, taken to the operative room performing a Mustardé Flap for reconstruction of the defect area. Patient completed a 7-day antibiotic regimen, using non-steroid anti-inflammatories for pain, wound cleaning and flap hydration with mineral oil, subsequently having an adequate clinical and aesthetic evolution. Conclusion: The Mustardé flap can be a useful pedicled flap for the reconstruction of full-thickness defects.
基金Supported by the Department of Jilin Province Technology, China(No.20070417)
文摘A new synthesized benzene nitrogen mustard was converted into glycosyl donor-trichloroacetimidate that was glycosylated with p-nitrophenol（glycosyl donors） to form β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene under the protection of acetyl in a stereoselective manner, was prepared and evaluated for its cytotoxicity towards cultured K562 cell line. Methylthiazoy tetrazolium（MTT） assay, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, flow cytometry（FCM） and immunohistochemistry were utilized to explore the mechanisms of how the compound arrests the growth of HCT-T cells. This new synthesed benzene nitrogen mustard glucoside derivate（BNMGD） presented a lower toxicity to normal cells, but is significantly more toxic to K562 cells compared with nitrogen mustard, meanwhile it can induce the apoptosis of K562 cells. These results indicate that the new synthesized BNMGD can inhibit the growth of K562 cells and induce the apoptosis, and its cytotoxicity towards cultured K562 cell line is much more effective than that of nitrogen mustard.
文摘Broad leaf mustard(BLM)(Brassica juncea L.var.rugosa,Brassicaceae)is one of the most widely consumed vegetable crops in Nepal.The production of crop in open field is constrained by major pests like mustard aphid and flea beetle.This study was aimed to determine the effects of pest exclusion net(PEN)on pest-infestation and yield of BLM cultivar“Khumal Broad Leaf”.The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design(RCBD)with five treatments and four replications.The treatments included control(no mulch+no net+no pesticide spray),black plastic mulch only,reflective plastic mulch only,black plastic mulch+no net+pesticide spray,and PEN+black plastic mulch+no pesticide spray.Data were analyzed with RSTAT software package and means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test(DMRT)at 5%level of significance.The result revealed that crop under PEN had highest plant height(38.99 cm),lowest number of aphid(0-0.86 per plant),flea beetle(0-1.07 per plant)and highest total marketable yield(77.50 ton/ha)while control had lowest plant height(20.06 cm),highest number of aphid(maximum 2.49 per plant),flea beetle(maximum 2.00 per plant)and lowest total marketable yield(13.75 ton/ha).Economic analysis revealed highest benefit-cost ratio in PEN(9.90).This study indicates that the use of PEN protect BLM against aphid and flea beetle,increases yield and can be considered as a viable technology for BLM production by smallholder growers of Nepal.
基金Supported by Yangtze Normal University Research Projects of Young Teachers(09JKY071)~~
文摘With the acknowledgement of species, symptoms and control measures for diseases, pests and weeds in tumorous stem mustard, the expert prevention system has been studied and developed based on internct, and the system mainly includes knowledge database, inference engine, browser web and so on. The knowledge database has been established by Micrsoft Access 2003 software; the procedure of inference engine has been compiled by JavaScript; the pages of browser web have been made by Dreamweaver MX software. The expert system is fuR-featured and user-friendly, which can provide control knowledge against the diseases, pests and weeds of tumorous stem mustard for the majority of farmers, scientific technological person and grass-roots level managers quickly and conveniently,
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No20030708)the Natural Science Foundation of JinlinProrince, P R China(No20050702-4)
文摘Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy（ADEPT） is a new strategy for the treatment of cancer that has arisen in recent twenty years, the main merits of which are that it can improve the selectivity of anticancer drugs and reduce the side effects in remote tissue. In the present study, two prodrugs-glycosylated aromatic nitrogen mustard derivatives were synthesized. Glucose and lactose were converted into glycosyl donors-trichloroacetimidate; the obtained glycosyl donors were glycosylated with p-nitrophenol （ glycosyl donors） to form β-glucosyl p-nitrobenzene and β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene that were protected by acetyl in a stereoselective manner; the two products were reduced by zinc dust and then treated with ethylene oxide, afforded two glycosylated nitrogen mustard derivatives that were protected by acetyl; the last step was to deacetylate and then afforded the two target compounds that could be used as prodrugs of ADEPT for further Anti-tumor research.
文摘Objective To evaluate the protective efficacy of gossypin （3,3＇,4＇,5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone 8-glucoside） by administering it intraperitoneally, for dose, time, and vehicle dependent effects against sulphur mustard （SM）, administered through percutaneous route in mice. Methods SM （diluted in PEG-300） was administered percutaneously. The protective efficacy of gossypin was evaluated by administering it intraperitoneally （50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg）, in various vehicles （water, PEG-300 and DMSO）, and time intervals （30 min prior, simultaneous and 2 h post）. The time dependent protection of gossypin （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） was also evaluated using selected biochemical variables （GSH, GSSG, MDA, total antioxidant status, Hb, WBC count, RBC count, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase） and liver histology. The protection of gossypin by oral route was also evaluated against percutaneously administered SM. Results The protection against systemic toxicity of SM （LD50 8.1 mg/kg） was better when gossypin was given with PEG-300 （8.0 folds） than DMSO （5.7 folds）. No protection was observed when gossypin was administered with water. Good protection （8.0 folds） was observed when gossypin was administered （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） at 30 min prior or simultaneous to SM exposure, but no protection was observed when gossypin was administered 2 h post to SM exposure. A significant weight loss was observed 7 days after SM administration （2 LD50）, with a significant increase in RBC and Hb. A significant decrease in total antioxidant status of plasma, liver GSH and GSSG levels, and in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase was also observed 7 days after SM administration. SM treated mouse liver also showed necrosis. A significant protection was observed when gossypin （200 mg/kg in PEG-300; i.p.） was administered either as a pretreatment （30 min before） or simultaneous treatment, and not as a post treatment （2 h）. The protective efficacy of gossypin was better through oral route when administered with DMSO （4.8 folds） than with PEG-300 （2.4 folds）. No protection was observed when gossypin was administered orally with water. Conclusion Percutaneous administration of SM induces oxidative stress and gossypin can protect it as a prophylactic agent by intraperitoneal or oral routes.
文摘Sulphur mustard [bis(2 chloro ethyl) sulfide] (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent has been frequently used as a chemical warfare agent. In the present study, the effects of sodium 2 3 dimercaptopropane sulphonic acid (DMPS) on some biochemical and histological parameters in mice, exposed to 1/4LC 50 concentration of SM vapor (10.5 mg/m\+3) were examined over a period of seven days. Exposure of SM resulted in a significant loss of blood, hepatic and pulmonary glutathione (GSH) and an elevation of hepatic and pulmonary oxidized glutathione (GSSG). These biochemical changes were accompanied by a number of histopathological alterations. The most prominent was congestion and degeneration in viscera and obliteration of chromatin material. These biochemical and histopathological changes were less marked in animals pre administered with DMPS followed by DMPS exposure indicating some protective value of the thiol (DMPS) against SM induced oxidative injury in mice.
文摘Toxic effects of inhaled sulfur mustard (SM) on the histology of visceral organs was investigaed by exposing mice to 84. 6mg/m3 for 1h duration, using controlled single exposure conditions. A progressive fall in body weight from third day onwards was noticed. Light microscopic examination of the pulmonary tissue of these animals at 6 h post exposure revealed that the tracheobronchial epithelium remained intact, but was infiltrated by inflammatory cells. By 24 h post exposure, the mucosecretory cells were destroyed. The indanunatory reaction was maximum at 48 h. By 7th day post exposure there was swelling and vacuolation of lung parenchymal cells and thrombi formation. In addition SM caused congestion and hemorrhage at alveolar level. SM also caused granulovacuolar degeneration with perinuclear clumping of the cytopasm of hepatocytes and renal parenchymal cells. Renallesions were chazacterized by congestion and hemorrhage. Among visceral tissues, maximum atrophywas observed in spleen. Distribution of lesions increased with post exposure period. The maximum lesions were observed at 7th day post-exposure.
文摘Heavy metal distribution in the specialized accumulating plants was important for phytoextraction technique. Hydroponic and pot experiment were conducted to investigated Cd phytoextraction ability and Cd distribution in the plant of oilseed rape species. The results showed that oilseed rape Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 was more effective in phytoexetraction Cd among 21 varieties of oilseed rape and indicator plant Indian mustard. Cd concentration in the shoot of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard gradually decreased with an increase in growth period, while the amount of Cd uptake increased with the increase of growth period. There was constantly decrease in Cd concentration from the base leaves to the top leaves of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard, the percentages of Cd uptake in older leaves were higher than those of younger leaves. Older leaves of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard extracted more Cd for the Cd contamination soil, leaves should as far as possible develop before they reached the soil and the older leaves were harvested in priority.
基金supported by grants from the military medical science foundation projects (08G142)Chinese scientific and technological major special project (2009ZXJ09002-012, 2013ZX09J13103-01B and 2014ZX09J14103-03A)state key laboratory of toxicology and medical countermeasures
文摘Background: In clinical studies, the findings on sulfur mustard(SM) toxicity for CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets are contradictory. In animal experiments, the effect of SM on the T cell number and proliferation is incompatible and is even the opposite of the results in human studies. In this study, we observed the dynamic changes of T lymphocytes in the first week in a high-dose SM-induced model.Methods: Mice were exposed to SM by subcutaneous injection(20 mg/kg) and were sacrificed 4 h, 24 h, 72 h and 168 h later. Spleen T lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated by 3H-Td R. Flow cytometric analysis was used to observe the percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets. The IL-1e assayed using the Luminex method. DNA damage in bone marrow ceβ, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-lls was observed with α levels in plasma werthe single cell gel electrophoresis technique(SCGE).Results: SM continuously inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes for 7 days, and there was a significant rebound of Con A-induced T lymphocyte proliferation only at 24 h. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes was upregulated, which was accompanied by increased IL-1β and TNF-creased in the PG group at 4 h. The peak of lymphocytic apoptα and decreased IL-10. The IL-6 level was gradually deosis and DNA damage occurred at 24 h and 72 h, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show that SM significantly inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation as well as induced CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ upregulation. SM intoxication also significantly increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and inhibited the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Our results may partly be due to the significant SM induced significant apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocytes as well as DNA damage of bone marrow cells. The results provided a favorable evaluation of SM immune toxicity in an animal model.
基金Supported by the Major Scientific and Technical Program of Chongqing Municipality(CSTC,2010AA1023)~~
文摘The present study set its research background in the scientific develop- ment at present and in the future, the actual production needs, and the goal of building a bigger and stronger mustard industry. On the basis of a comprehensive and systematic investigation and a scientific analysis of the development status of mustard industry, especially the technical bottlenecks and problems constraining the industrialized production of mustard in south China, the present study proposed spe- cific research ideas, prospects, suggestions and measures accordingly. It was hoped to provide powerful technical support to promote the industrialized, healthy and sus- tainable development of the mustard industry in south China, and be of practical im- plications for the enrichment of people＇s ＂vegetable baskets＂ and the restructuring of the vegetable industry.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20672050)
文摘Two novel steroid-linked nitrogen mustard conjugates la and lb were synthesized by using estrogenic acid 4 coupled with aniline mustard 8 and phenol mustard 13 in an esterification or amidation procedure. Preliminary cytotoxic screening on cancer cell lines in vitro showed that, the steroid-ester linked nitrogen mustard conjugate la exhibited obvious increasing of activities.
基金Project(20090191120036) supported by the Fund of Doctoral Program of Ministry of Education,China
文摘A full-scale experimental study of treating mustard wastewater by the integrated bioreactor with designed scale of 1 000 m3/d is conducted combined with a demonstration project. The systematical researches on the efficiency of combined operation conditions of anaerobic-aerobic and anaerobic-aerobic-flocculation as well as chemical phosphorus removal of hypersaline mustard wastewater are conducted. The optimal operation condition and parameters in pretreatment of mustard wastewater in winter （the water temperature ranges 8-15 ~C） are determined： the anaerobic load is 3.0 kg （COD）/（m3.d）, the average COD and phosphate concentration of the inflow are respectively 3 883 mg/L and 35.53 mg/L and the dosage of flocculent （PAC） is 400 mg/L. The anaerobic-aerobic-flocculation combined operation condition and postpositive phosphorous removal with ferrous sulfate are employed. After treatment, the COD of the effluent is 470 mg/L and the average phosphate concentration is 5.09 mg/L. The effluent could achieve the third-level of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard （GB 8978--1996）.
文摘The efficacy of three seed treating chemicals viz. Provax 200 WP, Brine solution, Rovral 50 WP and one Biofungicide viz. BAU-Biofungicide were evaluated against Alternaria blight of mustard caused by Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola. Three varieties viz. var. BARI-6, Tori-7 and SAU-Shorisha-1 were used in this study. The field experiment was conducted in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and laboratory experiment was conducted in the seed health Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during the period from November 2008 to July 2009. Among the seed treating chemicals, Rovral 50WP showed the best performance in reducing disease incidence and severity as well as increasing seed yield. Application of Rovral 50 WP gave the best result in increasing the number of pod per plant, pod length (cm), number of branch per plant, 100 siliqua weight (g) and 1000 seed weight (g). BAU-Biofungicide also showed promising performance in controlling Alternaria blight of mustard and reduced 36% and 53% disease incidence and disease severity respectively over untreated control. BAU-Biofungicide may be recommended as an alternative means of chemical fungicide such as Rovral 50 WP for controlling Alternaria blight of mustard.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJ111307)
文摘Taking tumorous stem mustard infected by black spot disease as the research material, the ribosomal 5.8S rDNA and its flanking ITS region were cloned, sequenced and aligned in the study. The results showed that the base sequence of pathogens collected from five different sites was almost identical with that of Alternaria brassicae, and the similarity degree reached 99.68%, without base difference greater than 3 bp. It had obvious differences with the sequences of A. brassicicola and A. japonica, and the base difference was greater than 3 bp with a lot of fragment deletions. It was preliminarily determined that the pathogen cau- sing black spot disease on tumorous stem mustard was A. brassicae.
