Bathymodiolus mussels distribute in both deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent environments,whose endosymbiotic gill tissue is a prominent character for the adaptation of extreme habitats.However,few studies explor...Bathymodiolus mussels distribute in both deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent environments,whose endosymbiotic gill tissue is a prominent character for the adaptation of extreme habitats.However,few studies explored the adaptation mechanisms through comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis of different tissues between seep mussels and vent mussels.We performed the comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis for three tissue types(gill,mantle,and adductor muscle)of Bathymodiolus mussels collected from a cold seeping site Station S 11 and the 50-km away hydrothermal field Minami-Ensei Knoll in the Okinawa Trough.Results show that gene expression patterns had distinct tissue specificity.Compared with the non-endosymbiotic tissues(mantle and adductor muscle),the significantly strengthened gene functions in endosymbiotic gill included microbial recognition(fibrinogen C domain-containing protein 1-B-like(fibcd),fibrinogen-related protein 8(frp),peptidoglycan recognition proteins(pgrp),and C-type lectin(clec)),cell apoptosis and immunity(interferon regulatory factor 1/2-like 1(ir f),cathepsin D(ctsd),caspase 2(casp 2)),and antioxidant capacity(copper/zinc superoxide dismutase(czsod),glutathione peroxidase(gpx),selenoprotein(sel)),in both seep and vent individuals.Consistent with metal accumulation,high expression levels of genes related to heavy metal detoxification(cytochrome P 450(cyp),ferritin-like(ftl),metallothionein(mt),glutathione S-transferase(gst))were also observed in gill.Moreover,to adapt to high hydrostatic pressure in the deep sea,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways associated with cellular community were significantly enriched in all three tissues,suggesting the regulation of cell structure and cell adhesion at transcriptional level.This study obtained gene expression profiles of deep-sea mussels subsisting at cold seep and hydrothermal vent sites,which could lay foundations for comprehensive investigations of molecular basis in adaptation of deep-sea mussels to the two extreme ecosystems.展开更多
Mussels are common anchoring organisms that adhere to the surfaces of various substrates with their byssus.The adhesion of mussel to substrates is contingent upon the presence of mussel foot proteins,of which Mytilus ...Mussels are common anchoring organisms that adhere to the surfaces of various substrates with their byssus.The adhesion of mussel to substrates is contingent upon the presence of mussel foot proteins,of which Mytilus edulis foot protein-1(Mefp-1)has been identified as the most abundant protein.It has been found that lipids are involved in the mussel adhesion process and can facilitate Mefp-1adhesion.In this research,the adhesion behavior of Mefp-1 on various substrate surfaces under the effect of typical seawater cations with or without the presence of lipid were investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D).Results indicate that the presence of cations Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^(+),and K^(+)leads to varying degrees of reduction in the adhesion performance of Mefp-1 on different substrates.The degree of this reduction,however,was much alleviated in the presence of palmitic acid,which is involved in the mussel adhesion process.Therefore,the involvement of palmitic acid is advantageous for mussel protein adhesion to the substrate surface in the marine environment.This study illustrated the significant contribution of palmitic acid to mussel adhesion,which can help to better understand biofouling mechanisms and develop biomimetic adhesive materials.展开更多
Deep-sea mining activities can potentially release metals,which pose a toxicological threat to deep-sea ecosystems.Nevertheless,due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the deep-sea biosphere,there is insufficient...Deep-sea mining activities can potentially release metals,which pose a toxicological threat to deep-sea ecosystems.Nevertheless,due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the deep-sea biosphere,there is insufficient knowledge about the impact of metal exposure on its inhabitants.In this study,deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons,a commonly used deep-sea toxicology model organism,was exposed to manganese(100,1000μg/L)or iron(500,5000μg/L)for 7 d,respectively.Manganese and iron were chosen for their high levels of occurrence within deep-sea deposits.Metal accumulation and a battery of biochemical biomarkers related to antioxidative stress in superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA);immune function in alkaline phosphatase(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP);and energy metabolism in pyruvate kinase(PK)and hexokinase(HK)were assessed in mussel gills.Results showed that deep-sea mussel G.platifrons exhibited a high capacity to accumulate Mn/Fe.In addition,most tested biochemical parameters were altered by metal exposure,demonstrating that metals could induce oxidative stress,suppress the immune system,and affect energy metabolism of deep-sea mussels.The integrated biomarker response(IBR)approach indicated that the exposure to Mn/Fe had a negative impact on deep-sea mussels,and Mn demonstrated a more harmful impact on deep-sea mussels than Fe.Additionally,SOD and CAT biomarkers had the greatest impact on IBR values in Mn treatments,while ACP and HK were most influential for the low-and high-dose Fe groups,respectively.This study represents the first application of the IBR approach to evaluate the toxicity of metals on deep-sea fauna and serves as a crucial framework for risk assessment of deep-sea mining-associated metal exposure.展开更多
Unlike chemosynthetic drugs designed for specific molecular and disease targets,active small-molecule natural products typically have a wide range of bioactivities and multiple targets,necessitating extensive screenin...Unlike chemosynthetic drugs designed for specific molecular and disease targets,active small-molecule natural products typically have a wide range of bioactivities and multiple targets,necessitating extensive screening and development.To address this issue,we propose a strategy for the direct in situ microdynamic examination of potential drug candidates to rapidly identify their effects and mechanisms of action.As a proof-of-concept,we investigated the behavior of mussel oligosaccharide(MOS-1)by tracking the subcellular dynamics of fluorescently labeled MOS-1 in cultured cells.We recorded the entire dynamic process of the localization of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-MOS-1 to the lysosomes and visualized the distribution of the drug within the cell.Remarkably,lysosomes containing FITC-MOS-1 actively recruited lipid droplets,leading to fusion events and increased cellular lipid consumption.These drug behaviors confirmed MOS-1 is a candidate for the treatment of lipid-related diseases.Furthermore,in a high-fat HepG2 cell model and in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E(ApoE)^(-/-)mice,MOS-1 significantly promoted triglyceride degradation,reduced lipid droplet accumulation,lowered serum triglyceride levels,and mitigated liver damage and steatosis.Overall,our work supports the prioritization of in situ visual monitoring of drug location and distribution in subcellular compartments during the drug development phase,as this methodology contributes to the rapid identification of drug indications.Collectively,this methodology is significant for the screening and development of selective small-molecule drugs,and is expected to expedite the identification of candidate molecules with medicinal effects.展开更多
Mussel aquaculture and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas and their environmental characteristics in Zhoushan were analyzed using satellite data and in-situ surveys.A new two-step remote sensing method was propose...Mussel aquaculture and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas and their environmental characteristics in Zhoushan were analyzed using satellite data and in-situ surveys.A new two-step remote sensing method was proposed and applied to determine the basic environmental characteristics of the best mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas.This methodology includes the first step of extraction of the location distribution and the second step of the extraction of internal environmental factors.The fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)was established to extract the mussel and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan,using Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6)satellite data with a special resolution of 2 m.In the second step,the environmental factors such as sea surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll a(Chl-a)concentration,current and tide,suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in mussel aquaculture area and large yellow croaker aquaculture area were extracted and analyzed in detail.The results show the following three points.(1)For the extraction of the mussel aquaculture area,FRI1 and FRI2 are complementary,and the combination of FRI1 and FRI2 is suitable to extract the mussel aquaculture area.As for the large yellow croaker aquaculture area extraction,FRI2 is suitable.(2)Mussel aquaculture and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan are mainly located on the side near the islands that are away from the eastern open waters.The water environment factor template suitable for mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture was determined.(3)This two-step remote sensing method can be used for the preliminary screening of potential site selection for the mussels and large yellow croaker aquaculture area in the future.the fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)in this paper can be applied to extract the mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas in coastal waters around the world.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are typical persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are commonly found in the environment.They are carcinogenic,teratogenic,mutagenic and biodegradable obviously.In this paper,the...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are typical persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are commonly found in the environment.They are carcinogenic,teratogenic,mutagenic and biodegradable obviously.In this paper,the modified mussel shells were used to adsorb and remove anthracene.The results show that the adsorption removal rate of the mussel shells was higher after calcination at 600℃.5%H_(3)PO_(4) solution was more suitable for shell treatment than 3 mol/L ZnCl_(2) solution.As the dosage of the modified shells was 0.5 g/L,the adsorption reached a stable state,and the removal rate of PAHs was about 69.44%;the adsorption efficiency rose with the increase of time.It can be seen that as a new and cheap biological adsorbent,the modified shells can be used to remove PAHs from wastewater.展开更多
[ Object] The aim was to discuss the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in mussels from the middle and lower main stream of Huaihe River, which will provide a scientific basis for dietary sa...[ Object] The aim was to discuss the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in mussels from the middle and lower main stream of Huaihe River, which will provide a scientific basis for dietary safety of mussels. [ Method] Suspended matter, sediment, and mussel samples were collected from Wuxiaojie and Fushanji in middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River. All samples were extracted with Soxhlet, separated through Silica GeI-Al2O3 column, and determined by GC-MS, and then 16 typical PAHs contents in the prior table listed by American EPA were obtained. [ Result] The results indicated that total PAHs concentrations in suspended matters and sediments of Wuxiaojie were significantly higher than those in Fushanji respectively. However, PAHs concentrations in mussels of the two samplings showed little difference; as for single PAH component, low-ring PAHs were more advantaged in suspended matters of two sampling sites, while high-ring PAHs were more advantaged in mussels. PAHs in sediments of Wuxiaojie assumed low-ring aspect, though PAHs in sediments of Fushanji assumed high-ring aspect. [ Conclusion] In spite of that sediments and mussels were not yet contaminated according to the ecological risk assessment of PAHs, its potential hazards couldn＇t be ignored any more.展开更多
Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is a Ponto-Caspian species invasive in Europe and North America, with great environmental impact. It lives byssally attached to hard substrata in large aggregations, which is often ex...Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is a Ponto-Caspian species invasive in Europe and North America, with great environmental impact. It lives byssally attached to hard substrata in large aggregations, which is often explained by its preferences for conspecifics, though direct evidence for such preferences has been rather limited so far. We studied the reactions of zebra mussels to con- specifics, hypothesizing that they may either be attracted to one another or form aggregations only in the absence of alternative attachment sites, in Experiment 1, we tested mussel tendency to detach from existing druses depending on druse size （2-25 individuals） and substratum type （soft： sand; hard： glass）. Mussels detached significantly more often on the hard substratum and from larger druses compared to soft substratum and smaller druses, respectively. This indicates that mussels tended to avoid conspecifics at high density, particularly when alternative substratum was available. In Experiment 2, we tested the responses of single mussels to distant （3 or 15cm） conspecifics （0, 3, 15 individuals per 2.51 tank） on the sandy substratum. The presence of conspecifics, regardless of their distance and density, resulted in single unattached mussels staying more often in their initial positions. Mussels did not move preferentially towards or away from the conspecifics. Thus, even on unsuitable substratum mussels were not attracted by conspecifics and probably exhibited an avoidance reaction by reducing their movement. This suggests that dense mussel aggregations are formed due to the lack of available alternative attachment sites rather than due to their preferences for conspecifics.展开更多
The level and pattern of residues of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were analyzed in sediment and mussel(Perna viridis) samples from ten coastal sites along the Pearl River Delta, South C...The level and pattern of residues of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were analyzed in sediment and mussel(Perna viridis) samples from ten coastal sites along the Pearl River Delta, South China. The range of total HCH was <0 01 to 0 29 ng/g freeze-dried weight in sediment, and <0 0 1 to 1 35 ng/g lipid weight in mussels. Average total DDTs concentrations ranged from <0 01 to 1 04 ng/g in sediment, and <0 01 to 148 5 ng/g in mussels . Average total PCB concentrations ranged from 16 4 to 198 6 ng/g in sediment, and from 41 to 729.2 ng/g in mussels. Organochlorine pesticide and PCBs in mussels and sediments presented similar distribution patterns. The regression analysis indicated that PCBs concentrations in mussels were significantly correlated(p<0 01) with concentrations in sediments. However, their concentrations in mussels were several times higher than the concentration detected in surrounding sediments. The major fraction of DDT related compounds measured in mussels and sediments was DDD. Based on average PCB concentrations, penta-, hexa-, and tetrachlorobiphenyls were preferentially accumulated by mussels as compared to the average sediment composition. According to the present results,three organochlorine polluted “hot spot' sites, including Victoria Harbour, Lingding Yang and Huangmao Sea, were found in the Pearl River estuarine zone. HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in all mussel samples were below the limits of 2, 0 2 and 5 0 μg/g wet weight recommended by the Technical Group of Guangdong Coastal Zone Resource Comprehensive Survey and U. S. Food and Drug Administration.展开更多
Concentrations of 8 heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn) were examined in 3 species of bivalves (Perna viridis, Crassostrea rivularis ...Concentrations of 8 heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn) were examined in 3 species of bivalves (Perna viridis, Crassostrea rivularis and Ruditapes philippinarum) collected from 25 sites along the Pearl River Delta coastal waters in the South China Sea from July to August 1996. In general, Cd, Cu, Zn and Sn concentrations in the three bivalve species collected from the Estuarine Zone were significantly higher than those collected from the Western and Eastern Zones of the Pearl River Delta, which are related to the existence of various anthropogenic activities in the catchment of the Pearl River Delta. The Western Estuarine Zone is mainly impacted by Cr, Ni and Cu contamination. In Victoria Harbor, heavy metal contamination is mainly due to Cu and Pb. Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in oysters were significantly higher than those in mussels and clams. This could be explained by the fact that oysters live mainly in the Estuarine Zone of the Pearl River Delta which receives most of the polluting discharges from the catchment of the Delta. During turbid condition, heavy metals(soluble or adsorbed on suspended particulates) discharged from the Delta are filtered from the water column and subsequently accumulated into the soft body tissues of oysters. Heavy metal concentrations in the three bivalve species were compared with the maximum permissible levels of heavy metals in seafood regulated by the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance, Laws of Hong Kong, and it was revealed that Cd and Cr concentrations in the three bivalve species exceeded the upper limits. At certain hotspots in the Delta, the maximum acceptable daily load for Cd was also exceeded.展开更多
Municipal wastewaters are major sources of pollution for the aquatic biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of some pharmaceutical products and the immunotoxic potential of a municipal wastewater...Municipal wastewaters are major sources of pollution for the aquatic biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of some pharmaceutical products and the immunotoxic potential of a municipal wastewater aeration lagoon for the treatment of the domestic wastewaters of a small town with wastewater inputs from a 400-bed hospital complex. Endemic mussels were collected, caged and placed in the final aeration lagoon and at sites 1 km upstream and 1 km downstream of the effluent outfall in the receiving river for a period of 14 days. The results showed that the final aeration lagoon contained high levels of total coliforms, conductivity and low dissolved oxygen （2.9 mg/L） as well as detectable amounts of trimethoprim, carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, and norfloxacin at concentrations exceeding 50 ng/L. The lagoon effluent was indeed toxic to the mussel specimens, as evidenced by the appearance of mortality after 14 days （10% mortality）, decreased mussel weight-to-shell-length ratio and loss of hemocyte viability. The number of adhering hemocytes, phagocytic activity, total nitrite levels and arachidonic cyclooxygenase activity were significantly higher in mussels placed in the final aeration lagoon. A multivariate analysis also revealed that water pH, conductivity, total coliforms and dissolved oxygen were the endpoints most closely linked with phagocytic activity, the amount of adhering hemocytes and loss of hemocyte viability. In conclusion, exposure of mussels to treated aerated lagoon wastewater is deleterious to freshwater mussels where the immune system is compromised.展开更多
In this study, a programmable freezing technique has been developed for strip spawned sperm in the blue mussel, M ytilus galloprovincialis. The optimized key parameters include cooling rate, endpoint temperature, thaw...In this study, a programmable freezing technique has been developed for strip spawned sperm in the blue mussel, M ytilus galloprovincialis. The optimized key parameters include cooling rate, endpoint temperature, thawing temperature, sugar addition and sperm to oocyte ratio. The sperm quality was assessed by the fertilization rate or the integrity of sperm component and organelle. The highest post-thaw sperm fertilization rate was 91%, which was produced with sperm cryopreserved in 8% dimethyl sulfoxide at the cooling rate of-4°C/min from 2°C to-30°C before being plunged into liquid nitrogen for at least 12 h, thawed in a 20°C seawater bath and fertilized at sperm to egg ratio of 50 000:1. The addition of glucose, sucrose or trehalose to 8% dimethyl sulfoxide could not further improve fertilization rates. The fluorescent assessments showed that the post-thaw sperm plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were significantly damaged in comparison with fresh sperm.展开更多
The performances of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are dependent on the wettability and stability of porous separators.Musselinspired coatings seem to be useful to improve the surface wettability of commercialized polyole...The performances of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are dependent on the wettability and stability of porous separators.Musselinspired coatings seem to be useful to improve the surface wettability of commercialized polyolefin separators.However,it is still a challenge to guarantee their stability under polar electrolytes.Herein,we report a facile and versatile way to enhance the wettability and stability of polypropylene separators by constructing robust polydopamine(PDA)coatings triggered with CuSO4/H2O2.These coatings were conveniently deposited on the polypropylene separator surfaces and the PDA-coated separators exhibited the improved surface wettability and thermal stability.The electrolyte uptake increased nearly two folds from the pristine separator to the modified ones.Correspondingly,the ionic conductivity also rose from 0.82 mS·cm^-1 to 1.30 mS·cm^-1.Most importantly,the CuSO4/H2O2-triggered PDA coatings were very stable under strong polar electrolytes,endowing the cells with excellent cycle performance and enhanced C-rate capacity.Overall,the results unequivocally demonstrate that application of PDA coatings on polyolefin separator triggered by CuSO4/H2O2 is a facile and efficient method for improving the wettability and stability of separators for high LIBs performance.展开更多
Golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei(Dunker 1857) is a filter-collector species of fresh water mussel originating from southern China. In the water transfer tunnels from the East River to Shenzhen and Hong Kong, golden m...Golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei(Dunker 1857) is a filter-collector species of fresh water mussel originating from southern China. In the water transfer tunnels from the East River to Shenzhen and Hong Kong, golden mussels attach to the walls of pipelines and gates, causing serious biofouling, increased flow resistance, and resulted in corrosion of the tunnel wall. Golden mussel has very high environmental adaptability and may colonize habitats with low dissolved oxygen and a wide range of trophic levels. The colonization process of the species on solid surface was studied in the Xizhijiang River, a tributary of the East River and the main water resource of Shenzhen from March 2010 to April 2011. The results showed that the golden mussel completed three generations and reproduced six cohorts per year in the tropic zone. Water temperature was the controlling factor for the growth rate and maturity of each cohort. Based on the results, an ecological method for controlling the invasion of golden mussels in water transfer tunnels was proposed.展开更多
Our field experiments showed that the cultivation of pearl mussels formed a new biocoene composed of filamentous algae, protozoa, porifera and coelenterate. It effectively reduced nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen...Our field experiments showed that the cultivation of pearl mussels formed a new biocoene composed of filamentous algae, protozoa, porifera and coelenterate. It effectively reduced nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand in the water by 67.3%, 73.2%, 38.1% and 15.5%, respectively, during May to September 1998 when the water eutrophication was developing. This could control water eutrophication and produce pearls, shellfish meat and shells. This is an economical and effective way to control water eutrophication by using the ultra strong filtering capability of freshwater pearl mussels.展开更多
Green-lipped mussel, Perna viridis is a warm water mussel species that is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific regions. It is a commercially important species and has demonstrated a great culture potential in tropic...Green-lipped mussel, Perna viridis is a warm water mussel species that is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific regions. It is a commercially important species and has demonstrated a great culture potential in tropical countries. The feeding behavior of P. viridis is influenced by both seston concentration and its nutritional values. It is shown the mussels exhibit higher ingestion rate when the organic content of the seston is higher. Interestingly, several studies have reported that P. viridis can demonstrate selective feeding behavior towards phytoplankton. Short term studies have shown that the P. viridis exhibits preferentially ingestion of dinoflagellates, while long term studies show that the P. viridis has a higher growth rate during diatom blooms. Nevertheless, spawning of P. viridis is induced by high primary productivity at relatively high sea water temperature. In the temperate countries, spawning is seasonal but normally occurs in summer. In the tropical countries, however, the P. viridis has been shown to spawn all year-round with two peaks which coincide with monsoon seasons. The site selection is critically important when considering the green mussel culture. Feasibility study for P. viridis farming is normally carried out first in order to evaluate the environmental conditions of the site. This paper attempts to review the current knowledge of biology, selective feeding behaviour, growth, reproductive and the aquaculture site selection methods for green-lipped mussel.展开更多
Freshwater mussels are a major component of the zoobenthos and they therefore play an important role in freshwater ecosystems. The community composition and the standing crop of freshwater mussels in Poyang Lake, the ...Freshwater mussels are a major component of the zoobenthos and they therefore play an important role in freshwater ecosystems. The community composition and the standing crop of freshwater mussels in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China and one of two lakes connected to the Changjiang （Yangtze） River, were investigated from February 2008 to May 2009. Mussels were sampled in hydrologically and geographically distinct sampling areas. A total of 42 species and 13 genera were identified, of which 32 species were endemic to China. Two species, Unio douglasiae and Lamprotula caveata, dominated all sampling areas. The number of genera and species, and the number of species within each genus, differed significantly among sampling areas. Freshwater mussels were very abundant, with an overall density of 0.28±0.22 ind./m-＇ and biomass of 4.08±3.96 g/m^2. Significant variation observed among sampling areas and among genera was probably due to the variety of habitats among the areas sampled and to the adaptability of different freshwater mussels to environments. This study suggests that Poyang Lake and other freshwater lakes in the region are important sites of freshwater mussel biodiversity and conservation.展开更多
The combination of hydrolytic acidification and biological aerated filter （BAF） filled with mussel shells was used to treat domestic wastewater, and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonia nitro...The combination of hydrolytic acidification and biological aerated filter （BAF） filled with mussel shells was used to treat domestic wastewater, and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） and total phosphorus （TP） by the system were analyzed under different TP concentrations. When TP concentration ranged from 12.39 to 14.69 mg/L, the removal rate of COD was the best, over 90.92% ; as TP concentration varied from 2.26 to 2.61 mg/L, the removal rates of NH3-N and TP were the best, up to 100.00% and 76.38% respectively. The results show that it is feasible to use mussel shells as the media of BAF, and TP concentration has certain influence on the performance of the system dealing with domestic wastewater.展开更多
The zebra mussel is an important aquatic pest that causes great damage to freshwater-dependent industries, due to biofouling. The main goal of the project discussed here is to develop improved solutions to control thi...The zebra mussel is an important aquatic pest that causes great damage to freshwater-dependent industries, due to biofouling. The main goal of the project discussed here is to develop improved solutions to control this species. Three approaches have been explored in an attempt to design innovative application strategies for existing biocides： （i） encapsulation of toxins; （ii） combination of toxins; （iii） investigation of the seasonal variation of the species＇ tolerance to toxins. In this paper, the principles behind these approaches and the major results on each topic are presented. The benefits of adopting a chemical product engineering approach in conducting this project are also discussed.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91858208,92358301)the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ 202203500),the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2019M663209)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(No.19lGPY100)。
文摘Bathymodiolus mussels distribute in both deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent environments,whose endosymbiotic gill tissue is a prominent character for the adaptation of extreme habitats.However,few studies explored the adaptation mechanisms through comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis of different tissues between seep mussels and vent mussels.We performed the comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis for three tissue types(gill,mantle,and adductor muscle)of Bathymodiolus mussels collected from a cold seeping site Station S 11 and the 50-km away hydrothermal field Minami-Ensei Knoll in the Okinawa Trough.Results show that gene expression patterns had distinct tissue specificity.Compared with the non-endosymbiotic tissues(mantle and adductor muscle),the significantly strengthened gene functions in endosymbiotic gill included microbial recognition(fibrinogen C domain-containing protein 1-B-like(fibcd),fibrinogen-related protein 8(frp),peptidoglycan recognition proteins(pgrp),and C-type lectin(clec)),cell apoptosis and immunity(interferon regulatory factor 1/2-like 1(ir f),cathepsin D(ctsd),caspase 2(casp 2)),and antioxidant capacity(copper/zinc superoxide dismutase(czsod),glutathione peroxidase(gpx),selenoprotein(sel)),in both seep and vent individuals.Consistent with metal accumulation,high expression levels of genes related to heavy metal detoxification(cytochrome P 450(cyp),ferritin-like(ftl),metallothionein(mt),glutathione S-transferase(gst))were also observed in gill.Moreover,to adapt to high hydrostatic pressure in the deep sea,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways associated with cellular community were significantly enriched in all three tissues,suggesting the regulation of cell structure and cell adhesion at transcriptional level.This study obtained gene expression profiles of deep-sea mussels subsisting at cold seep and hydrothermal vent sites,which could lay foundations for comprehensive investigations of molecular basis in adaptation of deep-sea mussels to the two extreme ecosystems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41776177)the Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Pilot National Laboratory Fund(Nos.2016ASKJ14,QNLM2016ORP0403)。
文摘Mussels are common anchoring organisms that adhere to the surfaces of various substrates with their byssus.The adhesion of mussel to substrates is contingent upon the presence of mussel foot proteins,of which Mytilus edulis foot protein-1(Mefp-1)has been identified as the most abundant protein.It has been found that lipids are involved in the mussel adhesion process and can facilitate Mefp-1adhesion.In this research,the adhesion behavior of Mefp-1 on various substrate surfaces under the effect of typical seawater cations with or without the presence of lipid were investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D).Results indicate that the presence of cations Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^(+),and K^(+)leads to varying degrees of reduction in the adhesion performance of Mefp-1 on different substrates.The degree of this reduction,however,was much alleviated in the presence of palmitic acid,which is involved in the mussel adhesion process.Therefore,the involvement of palmitic acid is advantageous for mussel protein adhesion to the substrate surface in the marine environment.This study illustrated the significant contribution of palmitic acid to mussel adhesion,which can help to better understand biofouling mechanisms and develop biomimetic adhesive materials.
基金Supported by the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center(No.2022QNLM030004-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42276153,42030407)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB42020401)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-DQC032)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2804003)。
文摘Deep-sea mining activities can potentially release metals,which pose a toxicological threat to deep-sea ecosystems.Nevertheless,due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the deep-sea biosphere,there is insufficient knowledge about the impact of metal exposure on its inhabitants.In this study,deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons,a commonly used deep-sea toxicology model organism,was exposed to manganese(100,1000μg/L)or iron(500,5000μg/L)for 7 d,respectively.Manganese and iron were chosen for their high levels of occurrence within deep-sea deposits.Metal accumulation and a battery of biochemical biomarkers related to antioxidative stress in superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA);immune function in alkaline phosphatase(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP);and energy metabolism in pyruvate kinase(PK)and hexokinase(HK)were assessed in mussel gills.Results showed that deep-sea mussel G.platifrons exhibited a high capacity to accumulate Mn/Fe.In addition,most tested biochemical parameters were altered by metal exposure,demonstrating that metals could induce oxidative stress,suppress the immune system,and affect energy metabolism of deep-sea mussels.The integrated biomarker response(IBR)approach indicated that the exposure to Mn/Fe had a negative impact on deep-sea mussels,and Mn demonstrated a more harmful impact on deep-sea mussels than Fe.Additionally,SOD and CAT biomarkers had the greatest impact on IBR values in Mn treatments,while ACP and HK were most influential for the low-and high-dose Fe groups,respectively.This study represents the first application of the IBR approach to evaluate the toxicity of metals on deep-sea fauna and serves as a crucial framework for risk assessment of deep-sea mining-associated metal exposure.
基金supported by Shandong Province Key R&D Program,China(Major Technological Innovation Project)(Grant No.:2021CXGC010501)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association of Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No.:CACM-2023-QNRC1-02)+8 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:22107059,22007060,82302743)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant Nos.:ZR2022QH304,ZR2021QH057,ZR2020QB166)the Program for Youth Innovation Technology in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of China(Grant No.:2021KJ035)Taishan Scholars Program,China(Grant Nos.:TSQN202211221,TSPD20181218)Shandong Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars,China(Grant No.:ZR2022YQ66)Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project,China(Grant No.:Q-2023059)Shenzhen Basic Research Project,China(Grant No.:JCYJ20190809160209449)the General Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.:ZR2021MH341)Jinan Innovation Team Project of Colleges and Universities,China(Grant No.:2021GXRC072).
文摘Unlike chemosynthetic drugs designed for specific molecular and disease targets,active small-molecule natural products typically have a wide range of bioactivities and multiple targets,necessitating extensive screening and development.To address this issue,we propose a strategy for the direct in situ microdynamic examination of potential drug candidates to rapidly identify their effects and mechanisms of action.As a proof-of-concept,we investigated the behavior of mussel oligosaccharide(MOS-1)by tracking the subcellular dynamics of fluorescently labeled MOS-1 in cultured cells.We recorded the entire dynamic process of the localization of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-MOS-1 to the lysosomes and visualized the distribution of the drug within the cell.Remarkably,lysosomes containing FITC-MOS-1 actively recruited lipid droplets,leading to fusion events and increased cellular lipid consumption.These drug behaviors confirmed MOS-1 is a candidate for the treatment of lipid-related diseases.Furthermore,in a high-fat HepG2 cell model and in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E(ApoE)^(-/-)mice,MOS-1 significantly promoted triglyceride degradation,reduced lipid droplet accumulation,lowered serum triglyceride levels,and mitigated liver damage and steatosis.Overall,our work supports the prioritization of in situ visual monitoring of drug location and distribution in subcellular compartments during the drug development phase,as this methodology contributes to the rapid identification of drug indications.Collectively,this methodology is significant for the screening and development of selective small-molecule drugs,and is expected to expedite the identification of candidate molecules with medicinal effects.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2023YFD2401900 and 2020YFD09008004the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key International(Regional)Cooperative Research Project under contract No.42020104009the Basic Public Welfare Research Program of Zhejiang Province under contract No.LGF21D010004.
文摘Mussel aquaculture and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas and their environmental characteristics in Zhoushan were analyzed using satellite data and in-situ surveys.A new two-step remote sensing method was proposed and applied to determine the basic environmental characteristics of the best mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas.This methodology includes the first step of extraction of the location distribution and the second step of the extraction of internal environmental factors.The fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)was established to extract the mussel and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan,using Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6)satellite data with a special resolution of 2 m.In the second step,the environmental factors such as sea surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll a(Chl-a)concentration,current and tide,suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in mussel aquaculture area and large yellow croaker aquaculture area were extracted and analyzed in detail.The results show the following three points.(1)For the extraction of the mussel aquaculture area,FRI1 and FRI2 are complementary,and the combination of FRI1 and FRI2 is suitable to extract the mussel aquaculture area.As for the large yellow croaker aquaculture area extraction,FRI2 is suitable.(2)Mussel aquaculture and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan are mainly located on the side near the islands that are away from the eastern open waters.The water environment factor template suitable for mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture was determined.(3)This two-step remote sensing method can be used for the preliminary screening of potential site selection for the mussels and large yellow croaker aquaculture area in the future.the fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)in this paper can be applied to extract the mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas in coastal waters around the world.
基金the Technology Research Project(LGF22D060003)Zhoushan Municipal Science and Technology Cooperation(Active Design)Project(2023C13015).
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are typical persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are commonly found in the environment.They are carcinogenic,teratogenic,mutagenic and biodegradable obviously.In this paper,the modified mussel shells were used to adsorb and remove anthracene.The results show that the adsorption removal rate of the mussel shells was higher after calcination at 600℃.5%H_(3)PO_(4) solution was more suitable for shell treatment than 3 mol/L ZnCl_(2) solution.As the dosage of the modified shells was 0.5 g/L,the adsorption reached a stable state,and the removal rate of PAHs was about 69.44%;the adsorption efficiency rose with the increase of time.It can be seen that as a new and cheap biological adsorbent,the modified shells can be used to remove PAHs from wastewater.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40073030)~~
文摘[ Object] The aim was to discuss the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in mussels from the middle and lower main stream of Huaihe River, which will provide a scientific basis for dietary safety of mussels. [ Method] Suspended matter, sediment, and mussel samples were collected from Wuxiaojie and Fushanji in middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River. All samples were extracted with Soxhlet, separated through Silica GeI-Al2O3 column, and determined by GC-MS, and then 16 typical PAHs contents in the prior table listed by American EPA were obtained. [ Result] The results indicated that total PAHs concentrations in suspended matters and sediments of Wuxiaojie were significantly higher than those in Fushanji respectively. However, PAHs concentrations in mussels of the two samplings showed little difference; as for single PAH component, low-ring PAHs were more advantaged in suspended matters of two sampling sites, while high-ring PAHs were more advantaged in mussels. PAHs in sediments of Wuxiaojie assumed low-ring aspect, though PAHs in sediments of Fushanji assumed high-ring aspect. [ Conclusion] In spite of that sediments and mussels were not yet contaminated according to the ecological risk assessment of PAHs, its potential hazards couldn＇t be ignored any more.
文摘Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is a Ponto-Caspian species invasive in Europe and North America, with great environmental impact. It lives byssally attached to hard substrata in large aggregations, which is often explained by its preferences for conspecifics, though direct evidence for such preferences has been rather limited so far. We studied the reactions of zebra mussels to con- specifics, hypothesizing that they may either be attracted to one another or form aggregations only in the absence of alternative attachment sites, in Experiment 1, we tested mussel tendency to detach from existing druses depending on druse size （2-25 individuals） and substratum type （soft： sand; hard： glass）. Mussels detached significantly more often on the hard substratum and from larger druses compared to soft substratum and smaller druses, respectively. This indicates that mussels tended to avoid conspecifics at high density, particularly when alternative substratum was available. In Experiment 2, we tested the responses of single mussels to distant （3 or 15cm） conspecifics （0, 3, 15 individuals per 2.51 tank） on the sandy substratum. The presence of conspecifics, regardless of their distance and density, resulted in single unattached mussels staying more often in their initial positions. Mussels did not move preferentially towards or away from the conspecifics. Thus, even on unsuitable substratum mussels were not attracted by conspecifics and probably exhibited an avoidance reaction by reducing their movement. This suggests that dense mussel aggregations are formed due to the lack of available alternative attachment sites rather than due to their preferences for conspecifics.
文摘The level and pattern of residues of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were analyzed in sediment and mussel(Perna viridis) samples from ten coastal sites along the Pearl River Delta, South China. The range of total HCH was <0 01 to 0 29 ng/g freeze-dried weight in sediment, and <0 0 1 to 1 35 ng/g lipid weight in mussels. Average total DDTs concentrations ranged from <0 01 to 1 04 ng/g in sediment, and <0 01 to 148 5 ng/g in mussels . Average total PCB concentrations ranged from 16 4 to 198 6 ng/g in sediment, and from 41 to 729.2 ng/g in mussels. Organochlorine pesticide and PCBs in mussels and sediments presented similar distribution patterns. The regression analysis indicated that PCBs concentrations in mussels were significantly correlated(p<0 01) with concentrations in sediments. However, their concentrations in mussels were several times higher than the concentration detected in surrounding sediments. The major fraction of DDT related compounds measured in mussels and sediments was DDD. Based on average PCB concentrations, penta-, hexa-, and tetrachlorobiphenyls were preferentially accumulated by mussels as compared to the average sediment composition. According to the present results,three organochlorine polluted “hot spot' sites, including Victoria Harbour, Lingding Yang and Huangmao Sea, were found in the Pearl River estuarine zone. HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in all mussel samples were below the limits of 2, 0 2 and 5 0 μg/g wet weight recommended by the Technical Group of Guangdong Coastal Zone Resource Comprehensive Survey and U. S. Food and Drug Administration.
文摘Concentrations of 8 heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn) were examined in 3 species of bivalves (Perna viridis, Crassostrea rivularis and Ruditapes philippinarum) collected from 25 sites along the Pearl River Delta coastal waters in the South China Sea from July to August 1996. In general, Cd, Cu, Zn and Sn concentrations in the three bivalve species collected from the Estuarine Zone were significantly higher than those collected from the Western and Eastern Zones of the Pearl River Delta, which are related to the existence of various anthropogenic activities in the catchment of the Pearl River Delta. The Western Estuarine Zone is mainly impacted by Cr, Ni and Cu contamination. In Victoria Harbor, heavy metal contamination is mainly due to Cu and Pb. Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in oysters were significantly higher than those in mussels and clams. This could be explained by the fact that oysters live mainly in the Estuarine Zone of the Pearl River Delta which receives most of the polluting discharges from the catchment of the Delta. During turbid condition, heavy metals(soluble or adsorbed on suspended particulates) discharged from the Delta are filtered from the water column and subsequently accumulated into the soft body tissues of oysters. Heavy metal concentrations in the three bivalve species were compared with the maximum permissible levels of heavy metals in seafood regulated by the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance, Laws of Hong Kong, and it was revealed that Cd and Cr concentrations in the three bivalve species exceeded the upper limits. At certain hotspots in the Delta, the maximum acceptable daily load for Cd was also exceeded.
基金funded by the research program on municipal effluents of Environment Canada
文摘Municipal wastewaters are major sources of pollution for the aquatic biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of some pharmaceutical products and the immunotoxic potential of a municipal wastewater aeration lagoon for the treatment of the domestic wastewaters of a small town with wastewater inputs from a 400-bed hospital complex. Endemic mussels were collected, caged and placed in the final aeration lagoon and at sites 1 km upstream and 1 km downstream of the effluent outfall in the receiving river for a period of 14 days. The results showed that the final aeration lagoon contained high levels of total coliforms, conductivity and low dissolved oxygen （2.9 mg/L） as well as detectable amounts of trimethoprim, carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, and norfloxacin at concentrations exceeding 50 ng/L. The lagoon effluent was indeed toxic to the mussel specimens, as evidenced by the appearance of mortality after 14 days （10% mortality）, decreased mussel weight-to-shell-length ratio and loss of hemocyte viability. The number of adhering hemocytes, phagocytic activity, total nitrite levels and arachidonic cyclooxygenase activity were significantly higher in mussels placed in the final aeration lagoon. A multivariate analysis also revealed that water pH, conductivity, total coliforms and dissolved oxygen were the endpoints most closely linked with phagocytic activity, the amount of adhering hemocytes and loss of hemocyte viability. In conclusion, exposure of mussels to treated aerated lagoon wastewater is deleterious to freshwater mussels where the immune system is compromised.
基金Supported by the China Scholarship Council and South Australian Research and Development Institute(SARDI)
文摘In this study, a programmable freezing technique has been developed for strip spawned sperm in the blue mussel, M ytilus galloprovincialis. The optimized key parameters include cooling rate, endpoint temperature, thawing temperature, sugar addition and sperm to oocyte ratio. The sperm quality was assessed by the fertilization rate or the integrity of sperm component and organelle. The highest post-thaw sperm fertilization rate was 91%, which was produced with sperm cryopreserved in 8% dimethyl sulfoxide at the cooling rate of-4°C/min from 2°C to-30°C before being plunged into liquid nitrogen for at least 12 h, thawed in a 20°C seawater bath and fertilized at sperm to egg ratio of 50 000:1. The addition of glucose, sucrose or trehalose to 8% dimethyl sulfoxide could not further improve fertilization rates. The fluorescent assessments showed that the post-thaw sperm plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were significantly damaged in comparison with fresh sperm.
基金financially supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LZ15E030001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21534009)
文摘The performances of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are dependent on the wettability and stability of porous separators.Musselinspired coatings seem to be useful to improve the surface wettability of commercialized polyolefin separators.However,it is still a challenge to guarantee their stability under polar electrolytes.Herein,we report a facile and versatile way to enhance the wettability and stability of polypropylene separators by constructing robust polydopamine(PDA)coatings triggered with CuSO4/H2O2.These coatings were conveniently deposited on the polypropylene separator surfaces and the PDA-coated separators exhibited the improved surface wettability and thermal stability.The electrolyte uptake increased nearly two folds from the pristine separator to the modified ones.Correspondingly,the ionic conductivity also rose from 0.82 mS·cm^-1 to 1.30 mS·cm^-1.Most importantly,the CuSO4/H2O2-triggered PDA coatings were very stable under strong polar electrolytes,endowing the cells with excellent cycle performance and enhanced C-rate capacity.Overall,the results unequivocally demonstrate that application of PDA coatings on polyolefin separator triggered by CuSO4/H2O2 is a facile and efficient method for improving the wettability and stability of separators for high LIBs performance.
文摘Golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei(Dunker 1857) is a filter-collector species of fresh water mussel originating from southern China. In the water transfer tunnels from the East River to Shenzhen and Hong Kong, golden mussels attach to the walls of pipelines and gates, causing serious biofouling, increased flow resistance, and resulted in corrosion of the tunnel wall. Golden mussel has very high environmental adaptability and may colonize habitats with low dissolved oxygen and a wide range of trophic levels. The colonization process of the species on solid surface was studied in the Xizhijiang River, a tributary of the East River and the main water resource of Shenzhen from March 2010 to April 2011. The results showed that the golden mussel completed three generations and reproduced six cohorts per year in the tropic zone. Water temperature was the controlling factor for the growth rate and maturity of each cohort. Based on the results, an ecological method for controlling the invasion of golden mussels in water transfer tunnels was proposed.
文摘Our field experiments showed that the cultivation of pearl mussels formed a new biocoene composed of filamentous algae, protozoa, porifera and coelenterate. It effectively reduced nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand in the water by 67.3%, 73.2%, 38.1% and 15.5%, respectively, during May to September 1998 when the water eutrophication was developing. This could control water eutrophication and produce pearls, shellfish meat and shells. This is an economical and effective way to control water eutrophication by using the ultra strong filtering capability of freshwater pearl mussels.
文摘Green-lipped mussel, Perna viridis is a warm water mussel species that is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific regions. It is a commercially important species and has demonstrated a great culture potential in tropical countries. The feeding behavior of P. viridis is influenced by both seston concentration and its nutritional values. It is shown the mussels exhibit higher ingestion rate when the organic content of the seston is higher. Interestingly, several studies have reported that P. viridis can demonstrate selective feeding behavior towards phytoplankton. Short term studies have shown that the P. viridis exhibits preferentially ingestion of dinoflagellates, while long term studies show that the P. viridis has a higher growth rate during diatom blooms. Nevertheless, spawning of P. viridis is induced by high primary productivity at relatively high sea water temperature. In the temperate countries, spawning is seasonal but normally occurs in summer. In the tropical countries, however, the P. viridis has been shown to spawn all year-round with two peaks which coincide with monsoon seasons. The site selection is critically important when considering the green mussel culture. Feasibility study for P. viridis farming is normally carried out first in order to evaluate the environmental conditions of the site. This paper attempts to review the current knowledge of biology, selective feeding behaviour, growth, reproductive and the aquaculture site selection methods for green-lipped mussel.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 30860045)
文摘Freshwater mussels are a major component of the zoobenthos and they therefore play an important role in freshwater ecosystems. The community composition and the standing crop of freshwater mussels in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China and one of two lakes connected to the Changjiang （Yangtze） River, were investigated from February 2008 to May 2009. Mussels were sampled in hydrologically and geographically distinct sampling areas. A total of 42 species and 13 genera were identified, of which 32 species were endemic to China. Two species, Unio douglasiae and Lamprotula caveata, dominated all sampling areas. The number of genera and species, and the number of species within each genus, differed significantly among sampling areas. Freshwater mussels were very abundant, with an overall density of 0.28±0.22 ind./m-＇ and biomass of 4.08±3.96 g/m^2. Significant variation observed among sampling areas and among genera was probably due to the variety of habitats among the areas sampled and to the adaptability of different freshwater mussels to environments. This study suggests that Poyang Lake and other freshwater lakes in the region are important sites of freshwater mussel biodiversity and conservation.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(LY14D060003)Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhoushan City(2014C41004+1 种基金2014C11006)Governmental Public Industrial Research Special Funds for Maine Projects(201305012-2)
文摘The combination of hydrolytic acidification and biological aerated filter （BAF） filled with mussel shells was used to treat domestic wastewater, and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） and total phosphorus （TP） by the system were analyzed under different TP concentrations. When TP concentration ranged from 12.39 to 14.69 mg/L, the removal rate of COD was the best, over 90.92% ; as TP concentration varied from 2.26 to 2.61 mg/L, the removal rates of NH3-N and TP were the best, up to 100.00% and 76.38% respectively. The results show that it is feasible to use mussel shells as the media of BAF, and TP concentration has certain influence on the performance of the system dealing with domestic wastewater.
基金the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (scholarship SFRH/BD/18731/2004 and Research Project Grant POCI/EQU/59305/2004).
文摘The zebra mussel is an important aquatic pest that causes great damage to freshwater-dependent industries, due to biofouling. The main goal of the project discussed here is to develop improved solutions to control this species. Three approaches have been explored in an attempt to design innovative application strategies for existing biocides： （i） encapsulation of toxins; （ii） combination of toxins; （iii） investigation of the seasonal variation of the species＇ tolerance to toxins. In this paper, the principles behind these approaches and the major results on each topic are presented. The benefits of adopting a chemical product engineering approach in conducting this project are also discussed.
