In the context of the integration of culture and tourism,the role of museums in promoting tourism has become increasingly significant.Thus,“traveling to visit museums”has emerged as a new leisure trend and consumpti...In the context of the integration of culture and tourism,the role of museums in promoting tourism has become increasingly significant.Thus,“traveling to visit museums”has emerged as a new leisure trend and consumption fad.展开更多
On the afternoon of May 30th,as one of the parallel forums of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,the forum"Building a Community of Civilisations:A New Vision for International C...On the afternoon of May 30th,as one of the parallel forums of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,the forum"Building a Community of Civilisations:A New Vision for International Cooperation among Museums"was held in Dunhuang.Experts and scholars from universities and cultural institutions in seven countries,including the ROK,Thailand,Hungary and Tunisia,gathered to discuss the future of international museum cooperation.展开更多
Lhasa,a city rich in history,is often celebrated as a fertile ground for the flourishing of museums.Among the museums in Lhasa,some chronicle the region's profound historical roots,some explore the wonders of natu...Lhasa,a city rich in history,is often celebrated as a fertile ground for the flourishing of museums.Among the museums in Lhasa,some chronicle the region's profound historical roots,some explore the wonders of nature,some preserve vibrant cultural heritage,and others capture the rhythms of everyday life.展开更多
Chinese civilization,with its long and continuous history and rich cultural heritage,plays a central role in China’s dialogue with other civilizations.Therefore,it is necessary to collect and refine the defining symb...Chinese civilization,with its long and continuous history and rich cultural heritage,plays a central role in China’s dialogue with other civilizations.Therefore,it is necessary to collect and refine the defining symbols and best elements of Chinese culture and showcase them to the world;develop discourse and narrative systems with Chinese characteristics,better tell China’s stories,and make China’s voice heard.This effort can help Chinese civilization shine globally,interact with other civilizations,and promote its communication and influence worldwide.In China,history museums,as physical carriers of Chinese civilization,are an important component in developing Chinese discourse and narrative systems and an important channel to better tell China’s stories and make China’s voice heard.Improving the artistry of museum exhibitions caters to the public’s growing demand for a more enriching cultural experience and substantially promotes Chinese culture on a global scale.With the communication of Chinese civilization as the main focal point,this study investigated the current issues related to the artistry of history museum exhibitions in China and defined the artistry of history museum exhibitions and their connotations.Based on an in-depth analysis of the artistry of historical museum exhibitions within China,this paper enumerated the areas where improvements could be made to enhance exhibition artistry,intending to promote the communication of Chinese civilization.展开更多
The thirteen cuneiform texts presented in this study are currently housed in the collection of National Museums Scotland.This article provides an edition of thirteen Neo-Sumerian administrative tablets from Puzriš-Dag...The thirteen cuneiform texts presented in this study are currently housed in the collection of National Museums Scotland.This article provides an edition of thirteen Neo-Sumerian administrative tablets from Puzriš-Dagān(modern Drehem),which was one of the most important royal tribute centers then and primarily concerned with the administrative and economic affairs of the central authority.展开更多
As important public venues for the communication of scientific culture, science and technology museums are increasingly valued for their role in enhancing the public's scientific literacy. In recent years, researc...As important public venues for the communication of scientific culture, science and technology museums are increasingly valued for their role in enhancing the public's scientific literacy. In recent years, research on the science-communication(popularization) function of science and technology museums in China has broadened in scope, and the history of science, as an important academic resource for promoting science, has gained growing recognition. However, from a historiographical perspective, only a few scholars have engaged in research on the application of the history of science in science and technology museums. Research on this subject remains in an infant stage and fails to fully capture the underpinning role of the history of science in science education and communication. In particular, as a theoretical resource, the significance and value of views on the history of science in guiding science communication has been largely neglected. This paper discusses the current situation and associated problems at both the research and practical levels of museums,explores the importance and necessity of science communication in museums in the context of science historiography, and provides some insights for science communication in museums.展开更多
The architectural design of the YCBA(Yale Center for British Art)exemplifies Kahn’s exploration of light as a transformative element.However,preserving sensitive materials within the museum challenges the building’s...The architectural design of the YCBA(Yale Center for British Art)exemplifies Kahn’s exploration of light as a transformative element.However,preserving sensitive materials within the museum challenges the building’s original intent.The potential harm caused by light necessitates control measures,potentially compromising the intended luminous ambiance envisioned by Kahn.A comprehensive survey revealed a strong preference for natural light in the museum environment.Visitors appreciated the ethereal qualities and heightened engagement with exhibits facilitated by natural light.This research critically examines the balance between architectural vision,preservation imperatives,and visitor expectations,highlighting the museum space as a dynamic field of action.The architectural elements,interior configuration,lighting,and movement are in constant harmony and conflict.This investigation contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between architecture,light,the museum experience,and knowledge.It underscores the importance of considering preservation,design,and visitor preferences when balancing these elements in museums.展开更多
In the context of use of large museum centers,numerous national and international methodological experiments show that the wayfinding project must consider the needs of both habitual users(user-centered design)and loc...In the context of use of large museum centers,numerous national and international methodological experiments show that the wayfinding project must consider the needs of both habitual users(user-centered design)and local communities(design for communities)and the importance of environmental protection(eco-design)as a priority interest of the community.This“double target”,“user-centered”and“environment-centered”can be applied during the selection process of materials to be used in the project.With respect to these possibilities,this contribution intends to present the results of research focused on material characterization of the reception and distribution spaces of large museum centers.This characterization is based on use of sensory materials and aims to evaluate their impact on the usability and sustainability of wayfinding systems.The paper directed towards a proposal for organization of integrated information on new generation so-called smart materials;within the design of a wayfinding system,these can balance the aesthetic-perceptual and performance and environmental impact,in order to allow designers to make informed decisions oriented towards inclusion and sustainability.The study was addressed by conducting two phases of systematic literature and library review of materials.The investigations conducted led to achievement of a first research result which consists in the identification of a“standard sheet”for the mapping and cataloging of the materials used for wayfinding.The“standard sheet”allows organizing the information on smart,sensorial,and eco-friendly materials,balancing the aesthetic-perceptive component with the performance on the environmental impact along the entire life cycle in a circular perspective.This tool could guide designers towards an environmental communication project oriented towards sustainability and is effective for usability and wayfinding.展开更多
"Beauty in the Gathering:Exhibition of Precious Collection from Art Museums around China"opens at the National Art Museum of China(NAMOC)on February 1 and lasts until April 1.The exhibition provides a glimps..."Beauty in the Gathering:Exhibition of Precious Collection from Art Museums around China"opens at the National Art Museum of China(NAMOC)on February 1 and lasts until April 1.The exhibition provides a glimpse of the great variety of art collected by 15 museums,and distinctive features that vary from region to region,which has witnessed the further prosperity and development of the art museum industry since the new era.The exhibition showcases over 500 pieces of traditional Chinese painting,oil painting,printmaking,watercolor painting,lacquer painting,sculpture,folk art,mixed media art,calligraphy and other collections provided by these museums.展开更多
The mental health of young people,a significant public health concern worldwide,has deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic.Despite the subsiding of the epidemic,the issue remains unresolved in the post-pandemic era,...The mental health of young people,a significant public health concern worldwide,has deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic.Despite the subsiding of the epidemic,the issue remains unresolved in the post-pandemic era,specifically in China.In response,numerous art museums have stepped up to provide long-term therapeutic experiences and comprehensive mental health support.While these institutions offer a variety of services and programs aimed at enhancing the psychological well-being of their visitors,a standardized method for assessing their impact is lacking.This study,therefore,employed the Generic Wellbeing Questionnaire(GWQ)as a tool to evaluate the decrease in psychological anxiety among young museum-goers post-visit.A survey was conducted among 306 young visitors aged 15–24 at the Aurora Museum in Shanghai,using the GWQ to measure and compare positive and negative affects before and after their visit.The results revealed an increase in post-visit positive affects and a decrease in negative affects compared to pre-visit levels.All items measured contributed to changes in psychological anxiety,demonstrating that museum visits can alleviate such anxiety among young audiences.Interestingly,while“alert”is considered a positive affect in Western contexts,it is found to be adverse in Chinese contexts,suggesting that it may not be an appropriate item for positive affect.The GWQ thus emerges as a potentially effective tool for evaluating interventions aimed at reducing psychological anxiety among young audiences in Chinese museums.展开更多
博物馆安全是博物馆工作的重中之重,博物馆的安全为保障博物馆正常运转发挥重要作用。自2019年新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,博物馆面临的安全形势十分严峻,主要表现为应急措施匮乏、灾害防范不到位以及管理体制不完善等问题。这给全球博物馆...博物馆安全是博物馆工作的重中之重,博物馆的安全为保障博物馆正常运转发挥重要作用。自2019年新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,博物馆面临的安全形势十分严峻,主要表现为应急措施匮乏、灾害防范不到位以及管理体制不完善等问题。这给全球博物馆的发展带来了新的安全挑战,为博物馆安全提出了更高的要求,如何预防与应对博物馆突发事件成为博物馆安全的重要任务。该文选取了一篇国际博物馆协会官方发布的国际通用手册Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums为研究对象,从词汇、句法及篇章三个方面分析博物馆手册类文本的特点,归纳三种翻译策略,以期促进我国博物馆健康发展,为博物馆手册文本的翻译研究贡献绵薄之力。展开更多
Standing at the starting point of the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021–2025), China's modern science and technology museum system faces both new opportunities and challenges, and urgently needs supply-side reform of scie...Standing at the starting point of the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021–2025), China's modern science and technology museum system faces both new opportunities and challenges, and urgently needs supply-side reform of science popularization resources. The reform should maintain the direction of promoting public participation, strengthening cross-sector integration, applying emerging technologies, promoting the science popularization industry and deepening international cooperation. The aim of the reform is to optimize exhibition levels and quality, deepen the diversity and innovation of educational resources, refine the detection of and response to visitor demands, and strengthen academic research and the transformation of research achievements. Such efforts will serve to cultivate the capacity for holding popular exhibitions, enhancing science communication, delivering targeted services and driving innovation, and will promote the development of high-quality and highly efficient modern science and technology museums.展开更多
A natural history museum is a museum for collection, researching and presenting natural environment and natural heritages about natural history. In the research, based on the analysis on necessity of university museum...A natural history museum is a museum for collection, researching and presenting natural environment and natural heritages about natural history. In the research, based on the analysis on necessity of university museums’ services to society in resources sharing, the difficulties and dilemmas were summarized in sharing resources of museums and the approaches for resources sharing were explored with the case of Natural History Museum of Zhengzhou Normal University in order to investigate the way for better services of university museum to the public.展开更多
Private art museums have made breakthroughs in creating new ways of system and management mode building.They have played an important role in promoting China's public welfare cultural undertakings. They have embar...Private art museums have made breakthroughs in creating new ways of system and management mode building.They have played an important role in promoting China's public welfare cultural undertakings. They have embarked on a path of innovation of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics.展开更多
Starting from scratch, America’s museums are as rich as encyclopedias now, which impress me deeply.I believe someday China will not only have museums in which we can recall our long history and glorious cultures but ...Starting from scratch, America’s museums are as rich as encyclopedias now, which impress me deeply.I believe someday China will not only have museums in which we can recall our long history and glorious cultures but also emerge more windows to see the world.展开更多
Torture has always been regarded as a tool for confession and applied throughout history. In cases when requesting and convincing do not work, threatening or torturing has been considered to be a ＂right＂ to do. Tort...Torture has always been regarded as a tool for confession and applied throughout history. In cases when requesting and convincing do not work, threatening or torturing has been considered to be a ＂right＂ to do. Torture was used in Ancient Rome, in Europe in Medieval Age, and in England even though it was against unwritten law, and applied in USA secretly today. Since ancient times, people have been used to torturing for similar purposes. Today, torture is put into practice again for similar purposes such as forcing people to live according to religious beliefs and looking after the benefits of the government. Torture museums found in many European countries make visitors confused as these museums display terrifying tools applied to the Christian community in Medieval Age and then used by Christians to torture ＂Deviants＂.展开更多
To perfect innovative design of cultural derivative products of museums,promote the dissemination of museum collection culture,and enhance product connotation and cultural value,based on the research on regional cultu...To perfect innovative design of cultural derivative products of museums,promote the dissemination of museum collection culture,and enhance product connotation and cultural value,based on the research on regional culture,the relationship between regional culture and cultural derivative products of museums is analyzed,and design method of cultural derivative products of museums is summarized.展开更多
Aim and Scope Science Education and Museums is a bimonthly academic journal with a global vision. Based on the develop-ment of natural history and science museums, it publishes papers of up-to-date science education t...Aim and Scope Science Education and Museums is a bimonthly academic journal with a global vision. Based on the develop-ment of natural history and science museums, it publishes papers of up-to-date science education theories and practical experiences. Administrated by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, the journal is organized by Shanghai Science & Technology Museum and supported by Chinese Association of Natural Science Museums and Shanghai Science Education Development Foundation.展开更多
Science-related museums are a special kind of museum concerned with science,technology,the natural world,and other relevant issues.On the Chinese mainland,the emergence and development of science-related museums have ...Science-related museums are a special kind of museum concerned with science,technology,the natural world,and other relevant issues.On the Chinese mainland,the emergence and development of science-related museums have been influenced by both Western culture and Chinese culture and society.These museums,which include science and technology museums,science centers,specialized museums,and scientific sites,play multiple roles,acting as bases for popular science and patriotic education,research institutes,etc.Today,such museums are attracting more and more public and scholarly attention.展开更多
文摘In the context of the integration of culture and tourism,the role of museums in promoting tourism has become increasingly significant.Thus,“traveling to visit museums”has emerged as a new leisure trend and consumption fad.
文摘On the afternoon of May 30th,as one of the parallel forums of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,the forum"Building a Community of Civilisations:A New Vision for International Cooperation among Museums"was held in Dunhuang.Experts and scholars from universities and cultural institutions in seven countries,including the ROK,Thailand,Hungary and Tunisia,gathered to discuss the future of international museum cooperation.
文摘Lhasa,a city rich in history,is often celebrated as a fertile ground for the flourishing of museums.Among the museums in Lhasa,some chronicle the region's profound historical roots,some explore the wonders of nature,some preserve vibrant cultural heritage,and others capture the rhythms of everyday life.
基金This paper is the phased outcome of the general project of Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences,“Collection,Sorting and Studies of Newspapers Run by the CPC in Sichuan Region during the period of the new-democratic revolution”(22FH38).
文摘Chinese civilization,with its long and continuous history and rich cultural heritage,plays a central role in China’s dialogue with other civilizations.Therefore,it is necessary to collect and refine the defining symbols and best elements of Chinese culture and showcase them to the world;develop discourse and narrative systems with Chinese characteristics,better tell China’s stories,and make China’s voice heard.This effort can help Chinese civilization shine globally,interact with other civilizations,and promote its communication and influence worldwide.In China,history museums,as physical carriers of Chinese civilization,are an important component in developing Chinese discourse and narrative systems and an important channel to better tell China’s stories and make China’s voice heard.Improving the artistry of museum exhibitions caters to the public’s growing demand for a more enriching cultural experience and substantially promotes Chinese culture on a global scale.With the communication of Chinese civilization as the main focal point,this study investigated the current issues related to the artistry of history museum exhibitions in China and defined the artistry of history museum exhibitions and their connotations.Based on an in-depth analysis of the artistry of historical museum exhibitions within China,this paper enumerated the areas where improvements could be made to enhance exhibition artistry,intending to promote the communication of Chinese civilization.
文摘The thirteen cuneiform texts presented in this study are currently housed in the collection of National Museums Scotland.This article provides an edition of thirteen Neo-Sumerian administrative tablets from Puzriš-Dagān(modern Drehem),which was one of the most important royal tribute centers then and primarily concerned with the administrative and economic affairs of the central authority.
基金Supported by “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of University of Science and Technology Beijing (No. FRF-IDRY-22-027)“Research on the Localization of Modern and Contemporary Technology in China” (No.FRF-BR-23-04B)
文摘As important public venues for the communication of scientific culture, science and technology museums are increasingly valued for their role in enhancing the public's scientific literacy. In recent years, research on the science-communication(popularization) function of science and technology museums in China has broadened in scope, and the history of science, as an important academic resource for promoting science, has gained growing recognition. However, from a historiographical perspective, only a few scholars have engaged in research on the application of the history of science in science and technology museums. Research on this subject remains in an infant stage and fails to fully capture the underpinning role of the history of science in science education and communication. In particular, as a theoretical resource, the significance and value of views on the history of science in guiding science communication has been largely neglected. This paper discusses the current situation and associated problems at both the research and practical levels of museums,explores the importance and necessity of science communication in museums in the context of science historiography, and provides some insights for science communication in museums.
文摘The architectural design of the YCBA(Yale Center for British Art)exemplifies Kahn’s exploration of light as a transformative element.However,preserving sensitive materials within the museum challenges the building’s original intent.The potential harm caused by light necessitates control measures,potentially compromising the intended luminous ambiance envisioned by Kahn.A comprehensive survey revealed a strong preference for natural light in the museum environment.Visitors appreciated the ethereal qualities and heightened engagement with exhibits facilitated by natural light.This research critically examines the balance between architectural vision,preservation imperatives,and visitor expectations,highlighting the museum space as a dynamic field of action.The architectural elements,interior configuration,lighting,and movement are in constant harmony and conflict.This investigation contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between architecture,light,the museum experience,and knowledge.It underscores the importance of considering preservation,design,and visitor preferences when balancing these elements in museums.
文摘In the context of use of large museum centers,numerous national and international methodological experiments show that the wayfinding project must consider the needs of both habitual users(user-centered design)and local communities(design for communities)and the importance of environmental protection(eco-design)as a priority interest of the community.This“double target”,“user-centered”and“environment-centered”can be applied during the selection process of materials to be used in the project.With respect to these possibilities,this contribution intends to present the results of research focused on material characterization of the reception and distribution spaces of large museum centers.This characterization is based on use of sensory materials and aims to evaluate their impact on the usability and sustainability of wayfinding systems.The paper directed towards a proposal for organization of integrated information on new generation so-called smart materials;within the design of a wayfinding system,these can balance the aesthetic-perceptual and performance and environmental impact,in order to allow designers to make informed decisions oriented towards inclusion and sustainability.The study was addressed by conducting two phases of systematic literature and library review of materials.The investigations conducted led to achievement of a first research result which consists in the identification of a“standard sheet”for the mapping and cataloging of the materials used for wayfinding.The“standard sheet”allows organizing the information on smart,sensorial,and eco-friendly materials,balancing the aesthetic-perceptive component with the performance on the environmental impact along the entire life cycle in a circular perspective.This tool could guide designers towards an environmental communication project oriented towards sustainability and is effective for usability and wayfinding.
文摘"Beauty in the Gathering:Exhibition of Precious Collection from Art Museums around China"opens at the National Art Museum of China(NAMOC)on February 1 and lasts until April 1.The exhibition provides a glimpse of the great variety of art collected by 15 museums,and distinctive features that vary from region to region,which has witnessed the further prosperity and development of the art museum industry since the new era.The exhibition showcases over 500 pieces of traditional Chinese painting,oil painting,printmaking,watercolor painting,lacquer painting,sculpture,folk art,mixed media art,calligraphy and other collections provided by these museums.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.22VSZ109).
文摘The mental health of young people,a significant public health concern worldwide,has deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic.Despite the subsiding of the epidemic,the issue remains unresolved in the post-pandemic era,specifically in China.In response,numerous art museums have stepped up to provide long-term therapeutic experiences and comprehensive mental health support.While these institutions offer a variety of services and programs aimed at enhancing the psychological well-being of their visitors,a standardized method for assessing their impact is lacking.This study,therefore,employed the Generic Wellbeing Questionnaire(GWQ)as a tool to evaluate the decrease in psychological anxiety among young museum-goers post-visit.A survey was conducted among 306 young visitors aged 15–24 at the Aurora Museum in Shanghai,using the GWQ to measure and compare positive and negative affects before and after their visit.The results revealed an increase in post-visit positive affects and a decrease in negative affects compared to pre-visit levels.All items measured contributed to changes in psychological anxiety,demonstrating that museum visits can alleviate such anxiety among young audiences.Interestingly,while“alert”is considered a positive affect in Western contexts,it is found to be adverse in Chinese contexts,suggesting that it may not be an appropriate item for positive affect.The GWQ thus emerges as a potentially effective tool for evaluating interventions aimed at reducing psychological anxiety among young audiences in Chinese museums.
文摘博物馆安全是博物馆工作的重中之重,博物馆的安全为保障博物馆正常运转发挥重要作用。自2019年新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,博物馆面临的安全形势十分严峻,主要表现为应急措施匮乏、灾害防范不到位以及管理体制不完善等问题。这给全球博物馆的发展带来了新的安全挑战,为博物馆安全提出了更高的要求,如何预防与应对博物馆突发事件成为博物馆安全的重要任务。该文选取了一篇国际博物馆协会官方发布的国际通用手册Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums为研究对象,从词汇、句法及篇章三个方面分析博物馆手册类文本的特点,归纳三种翻译策略,以期促进我国博物馆健康发展,为博物馆手册文本的翻译研究贡献绵薄之力。
文摘Standing at the starting point of the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021–2025), China's modern science and technology museum system faces both new opportunities and challenges, and urgently needs supply-side reform of science popularization resources. The reform should maintain the direction of promoting public participation, strengthening cross-sector integration, applying emerging technologies, promoting the science popularization industry and deepening international cooperation. The aim of the reform is to optimize exhibition levels and quality, deepen the diversity and innovation of educational resources, refine the detection of and response to visitor demands, and strengthen academic research and the transformation of research achievements. Such efforts will serve to cultivate the capacity for holding popular exhibitions, enhancing science communication, delivering targeted services and driving innovation, and will promote the development of high-quality and highly efficient modern science and technology museums.
基金Supported by Henan Fundamental and Advanced Technology Program(082300460100)Zhengzhou Key Technology Research&Development Program(10PTGN449)Zhengzhou Normal University Program(2012075)~~
文摘A natural history museum is a museum for collection, researching and presenting natural environment and natural heritages about natural history. In the research, based on the analysis on necessity of university museums’ services to society in resources sharing, the difficulties and dilemmas were summarized in sharing resources of museums and the approaches for resources sharing were explored with the case of Natural History Museum of Zhengzhou Normal University in order to investigate the way for better services of university museum to the public.
文摘Private art museums have made breakthroughs in creating new ways of system and management mode building.They have played an important role in promoting China's public welfare cultural undertakings. They have embarked on a path of innovation of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics.
文摘Starting from scratch, America’s museums are as rich as encyclopedias now, which impress me deeply.I believe someday China will not only have museums in which we can recall our long history and glorious cultures but also emerge more windows to see the world.
文摘Torture has always been regarded as a tool for confession and applied throughout history. In cases when requesting and convincing do not work, threatening or torturing has been considered to be a ＂right＂ to do. Torture was used in Ancient Rome, in Europe in Medieval Age, and in England even though it was against unwritten law, and applied in USA secretly today. Since ancient times, people have been used to torturing for similar purposes. Today, torture is put into practice again for similar purposes such as forcing people to live according to religious beliefs and looking after the benefits of the government. Torture museums found in many European countries make visitors confused as these museums display terrifying tools applied to the Christian community in Medieval Age and then used by Christians to torture ＂Deviants＂.
文摘To perfect innovative design of cultural derivative products of museums,promote the dissemination of museum collection culture,and enhance product connotation and cultural value,based on the research on regional culture,the relationship between regional culture and cultural derivative products of museums is analyzed,and design method of cultural derivative products of museums is summarized.
文摘Aim and Scope Science Education and Museums is a bimonthly academic journal with a global vision. Based on the develop-ment of natural history and science museums, it publishes papers of up-to-date science education theories and practical experiences. Administrated by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, the journal is organized by Shanghai Science & Technology Museum and supported by Chinese Association of Natural Science Museums and Shanghai Science Education Development Foundation.
文摘Science-related museums are a special kind of museum concerned with science,technology,the natural world,and other relevant issues.On the Chinese mainland,the emergence and development of science-related museums have been influenced by both Western culture and Chinese culture and society.These museums,which include science and technology museums,science centers,specialized museums,and scientific sites,play multiple roles,acting as bases for popular science and patriotic education,research institutes,etc.Today,such museums are attracting more and more public and scholarly attention.
