Summary: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that volatile anesthetic enhancement of muscle relaxation is the result of combined drug effects on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The poly A m RNA from muscle ...Summary: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that volatile anesthetic enhancement of muscle relaxation is the result of combined drug effects on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The poly A m RNA from muscle by isolation were microinjected into Xenopus oocytes for receptor expression. Concentration-effect curves for the inhibition of Ach-induced currents were established for vecuronium, rocuranium, and isoflurane. Subsequently, inhibitory effects of NDMRs were studied in the presence of the isoflurane at a concentration equivalent to half the concentration producing a 50 % inhibition alone. All tested drugs produced rapid and readily reversible concentration-dependent inhibition. The 50 % inhibitory concentration values were 889 μmol/L (95 % CI: 711-1214 μmol), 33.4 μmol (95 % CI: 27.1-41.7 nmol) and 9.2 nmol (95 % CI: 7.9-12.3 nmol) for isoflurane, rocuranium and vecuronium, respectively. Coapplication of isoflurane significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects of rocuranium and vecuronium, and it was especially so at low concentration of NMDRs. Isoflurane increases the potency of NDMRs, possibly by enhancing antagonist affinity at the receptor site.展开更多
Background: Diabetes Melilltus (DM) is one serious chronic illness. The proportion of incident type 2 diabetes is 95% of the population of DM in the world. The prevalence of DM in Indonesia showed an increase of 1.1% ...Background: Diabetes Melilltus (DM) is one serious chronic illness. The proportion of incident type 2 diabetes is 95% of the population of DM in the world. The prevalence of DM in Indonesia showed an increase of 1.1% in 2007 to 2.1% of the population of DM in 2013, and the most cases are Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Management of blood sugar levels can be conducted of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic. One of nonpharmacologic therapy is a complementary therapy. Progressive muscle relaxation is part of a of complementary therapy which is a mindbody therapy. Objective: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation of the blood sugar levels of patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Quasi experiment with pre- and posttest randomized control group design, consisting of 48 samples, 24 samples 24 samples of the treatment group and the control group. Subjects treated group guided progressive muscle relaxation exercises 2 times a day for 3 consecutive days with a duration of 25 - 30 minutes in one workout. Subjects of the control group gave breathing exercises. Results: There were significant differences between the average blood sugar levels type 2 diabetes patients in the the treatment group and the control group, with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The progressive muscle relaxation is effective to reduce blood sugar levels of patients with type 2 diabetes at Dr. Salamun Hospital and Advent Hospital in Bandung.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of progressive relaxation therapy on patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:A literature search was performed using PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,China Natio...Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of progressive relaxation therapy on patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:A literature search was performed using PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Wanfang Data from inception to July 2020.Randomized controlled trials on the use of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in maintenance hemodialysis patients were selected.The primary outcomes were the depression and anxiety.Secondary outcomes included fatigue and sleep.Two reviewers proceeded study selection and quality assessment of included trials and performed heterogeneity of included studies before meta-analysis.Results:A total of 8 studies,which comprised a total of 668 participants were included in the final meta-analysis.The results showed that progressive muscle relaxation therapy could reduce the depression of patients(MD=-5.11,95%CI:-6.74 to-3.48,P<0.001),reduce the anxiety(SMD=-1.27,95%CI:-1.73 to-0.82,P<0.001),relieve fatigue symptoms(MD=-0.87,95%CI:-1.20 to-0.53,P<0.001),improve the sleep quality(MD=-1.69,95%CI:-1.95 to-1.42,P<0.001).Conclusion:Progressive muscle relaxation therapy has positive effects on depression,anxiety,fatigue and sleep quality in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.While concurrent evidence is insufficient,and further studies of high quality are needed to strengthen the conclusion.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training on the symptom cluster and rehospitalization of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:...Objective:To investigate the effect of psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training on the symptom cluster and rehospitalization of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:This study is a longitudinal randomized controlled study involving 140 elderly patients with coronary heart disease.The patients were divided into two groups:an intervention group and a control group,with 70 cases in each group,via random number table.The patients in the control group received routine nursing,whereas those in the intervention group received psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training for 4 weeks on the basis of routine nursing.The effect of the intervention was evaluated before intervention,at the end of 1 month,3 months,and 6 months after intervention.Results:At the end of 1 month,3 months,and 6 months,the sleep,fatigue,anxiety,and functional status of the patients in the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group,with statistical significance difference(P<0.05).The rehospitalization rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(X2=10.685,P=0.001).Conclusion:Psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training is effective in alleviating the symptom cluster of elderly patients with coronary heart disease and reducing their rehospitalization rate;thus,it should be popularized.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety,depression,and quality of life in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods:Sixty-one patients with CSVD in the Dep...Objective:To explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety,depression,and quality of life in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods:Sixty-one patients with CSVD in the Department of Neurology of a tertiary hospital were divided into an observation group(28 patients)and a control group(33 patients)by lottery method.The control group received conventional nursing care,while the observation group received progressive muscle relaxation training interventions in addition to the conventional care.The Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),and the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale(SS-QOL)were used to compare the effects before the intervention,7 days after the intervention,and 30 days after the intervention.Results:Over time,at different time points after the intervention,the anxiety and depression scores of patients with CSVD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The quality of life scores were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group(P<0.05),and these differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:Progressive muscle relaxation training can improve anxiety and depression in patients with cerebral small vessel disease and can effectively enhance their quality of life.展开更多
BACKGROUND Test anxiety is prevalent among medical students and leads to impaired academic performance.Test-related attentional bias has been identified as an important maintaining factor in test-anxious individuals.A...BACKGROUND Test anxiety is prevalent among medical students and leads to impaired academic performance.Test-related attentional bias has been identified as an important maintaining factor in test-anxious individuals.AIM To evaluate whether hypnosis and progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)could modify medical college students’test anxiety and attentional bias.METHODS A total of 598 medical students were screened.The participants were divided into higher and lower test anxiety groups according to their scores on the test anxiety scale(TAS).Ninety medical college students with high TAS score were randomly assigned to a hypnosis or PMR group.Another 45 students with low TAS score were included,forming a baseline control group.The intervention was conducted weekly for 6 wk,and each session lasted approximately 30 min.The total intervention time and the number of intervention sessions for the hypnosis and PMR groups were equal.Data were collected at the pretest,posttest,and 2-mo follow-up.RESULTS Hypnosis group participants had a significantly lower TAS score at posttest(t=-21.827,P<0.001)and at follow-up(t=-14.824,P<0.001),compared to that at pretest.PMR group participants also had a significantly lower TAS score at posttest(t=-10.777,P<0.001)and at follow-up(t=-7.444,P<0.001),compared to that at pretest.At the posttest level,the hypnosis group had a significantly lower TAS score than the PMR group(t=-3.664,P<0.001).At the follow-up level,the hypnosis group also had a significantly lower TAS score than the PMR group(t=-2.943,P=0.004).Clinically significant improvement was found in both the hypnosis and PMR groups(hypnosis=64.0%;PMR=62.22%).Hypnosis was more effective than PMR in reducing test anxiety among medical college students.Hypnosis could modify attentional bias toward threatening stimuli,but PMR could not.CONCLUSION These results suggest that attentional bias plays an important role in test anxiety treatment.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil compared to progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)on anxiety and vital signs of patients under spinal anesthesia.Materi...Objective:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil compared to progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)on anxiety and vital signs of patients under spinal anesthesia.Materials and Methods:This clinical trial was conducted on 120 spinal anesthesia candidates who were randomly assigned into three groups of 40 including control,PMR(Jacobsen group),and aromatherapy.The state-trait anxiety inventory was completed on surgery day and 15 min after the end of the intervention by the samples of all three groups,and at the same time as completing the questionnaire,vital signs were also measured and recorded.Results:The mean score of anxiety after intervention was lower than that before the intervention in the aromatherapy group(P<0.001).The mean score of anxiety in the aromatherapy group was significantly lower than that in the Jacobsen group(P<0.001).Moreover,data analysis showed a significant decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure scores of the PMR(P=008)and aromatherapy(P<0.001)groups and a statistically significant increase in the mean heart rate scores in the control group(P=0.002).Conclusion:The use of aromatherapy with lavender is more effective than PMR therapy in reducing the anxiety level of patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.Due to the high level of anxiety and its serious effects on the patient’s hemodynamics,aromatherapy with lavender can be used as an easy and cheap method to reduce anxiety in operation rooms.展开更多
Background and aim:Progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)is one of the most common complementary and alternative therapies.Published systematic review unfolded that PMR has a positive impact on chemotherapy-induced nausea...Background and aim:Progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)is one of the most common complementary and alternative therapies.Published systematic review unfolded that PMR has a positive impact on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among adult cancer patients.However,the pooled findings were not reliable and valid because included trials have poor quality.It must be noted is that additional studies with good quality have been published recently.So,we design this updated systematic review to comprehensively establish the efficacy of PMR for the of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients.Methods:We will search PubMed,Cochrane Controlled Register of Trial(CENTRAL),Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),China Biomedical Literature database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and Wanfang data to capture all potential items.Data extraction sheet will be used to extract all essential information,the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool will be utilized to appraise the risk of bias of eligible studies.Finally,a quantitative analysis will be performed if sufficient data were obtained.In contrast,a qualitative analysis will be used to summarize the results of all included studies.Ethics and dissemination:Ethics approval and patient written informed consent will not be required because all of the analyses in the present study will be performed based on data from published studies.We will submit our systematic review and network meta-analysis to a peer reviewed scientific journal for publication.展开更多
Objective:To systematically analyze the research status and application of progressive muscle relaxation training(PMRT)in the nursing field in China,and provide a reference basis for scientific research in this field....Objective:To systematically analyze the research status and application of progressive muscle relaxation training(PMRT)in the nursing field in China,and provide a reference basis for scientific research in this field.Methods:The bibliometric method was adopted in“progressive muscle relaxation training”or“PMRT,”and“nursing.”The established database was included in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and the Wanfang Medical Network.The relevant articles in the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database(VIP)were analyzed.Results:A total of 169 literatures were included.The journals,years,and regions of literature publication were uneven,mainly originating from the eastern region(43.19%),and listed the application of progressive muscle relaxation training in the field of nursing in China.Intervention literature information was mainly dominated by experimental studies(97%).Conclusion:The related research and application of progressive muscle relaxation training in nursing in China is increasing,but there is a lack of objective evaluation of outcome indicators and a short intervention period.Further research should be conducted in the future to effectively guide the development of PMRT in the field of nursing in China.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thiocolchicoside(TCC),a muscle relaxant with anti-inflammatory properties,is often used alongside nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)to treat musculoskeletal pain.This synergistic approach leverage...BACKGROUND Thiocolchicoside(TCC),a muscle relaxant with anti-inflammatory properties,is often used alongside nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)to treat musculoskeletal pain.This synergistic approach leverages the complementary mechanisms of action,providing more effective relief for conditions such as arthritis,muscle spasms,and soft tissue injuries.AIM To evaluate the comparative efficacy of the combination therapy of TCC and NSAIDs vs NSAID monotherapy in pain management.METHODS A systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases through October 2024 was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined TCC and NSAID therapy vs NSAIDs alone.A retrospective analysis of electronic medical records from India spanning 3 years(2020-2023)examined treatment patterns and focused on clinical outcomes including pain relief,functional improvement,and adverse effects.Key metrics for assessment included visual analog scale scores and hand-to-floor distance,with secondary outcomes assessing patient satisfaction and adverse event(AE)incidence.RESULTS A systematic literature search revealed seven studies,involving 1137 subjects,aligning with the eligibility criteria from a total of 833 hits.Combination therapy using parenteral TCC with NSAIDs significantly reduced pain intensity[standardised mean difference(SMD):-1.33,P<0.001]and enhanced functional improvement(SMD:-1.08,P<0.001)compared to NSAIDs alone.Patients on combination therapy are 6.7 times more likely to experience over 30%pain relief and 5.2 times more likely to achieve over 50%pain relief.Post surgery pain reduction and patient satisfaction were notably higher in the combination group[odds ratio(OR)=10.14,P<0.001].There were no significant differences in mild/moderate AE rates between the groups(OR=1.30,P=0.378).CONCLUSION Evidence indicates that multimodal therapy,including parenteral TCC with NSAIDs,provides quicker and effective pain relief,reduces muscle spasms,and improves hand-to-floor distance compared to using NSAIDs or TCC alone.展开更多
Objectives:The objective of this study was to assess the impact of two relaxation techniques,the Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation technique(JPMR),and the Benson’s relaxation technique(BRT),on the levels of s...Objectives:The objective of this study was to assess the impact of two relaxation techniques,the Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation technique(JPMR),and the Benson’s relaxation technique(BRT),on the levels of stress and anxiety experienced by patients undergoing coronary angioplasty.Materials and Methods:Quantitative research approach with quasi-experimental pre-test and posttest control group design was conducted with seventy coronary angioplasty patients from the Institute of Medical Science,and SUM Hospital,Bhubaneswar,Odisha.The participants were purposively selected and divided into Experimental Group 1(n=35)and Experimental Group 2(n=35).Each group received either BRT or JPMR for three consecutive days.Pretest and posttest data were collected using a structured demographic questionnaire and the modified depression anxiety stress scale-21.Results:Both BRT and JPMR significantly decreased the levels of stress and anxiety among patients undergoing angioplasty compared to baseline(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the two techniques based on Fisher’s exact P value.This suggests that both interventions are effective in reducing stress and anxiety among angioplasty patients.Conclusion:BRT or JPMR are noninvasive,nonpharmacological interventions that effectively reduce stress and anxiety in patients undergoing angioplasty.These findings underscore the importance of incorporating relaxation techniques into nursing practice and hospital programs to enhance patient care and promote holistic well-being post-angioplasty.展开更多
Background:An elderly was closed to some medical problem,especially hypertension.Problems that occur in elderly patients with hypertension not only involve the patient itself but also involve the family as the closest...Background:An elderly was closed to some medical problem,especially hypertension.Problems that occur in elderly patients with hypertension not only involve the patient itself but also involve the family as the closest person to the patient.One important aspect of family nursing is the family itself.To achieve good treatment outcomes,implementation of evidence-based nursing is needed.The purpose of this study is to present the implementation of evidence-based nursing to an eldelry in a family bu using coconut water to reduce high blood pressure and progressive muscle relaxation therapy to reduce pain intensity in hypertensive patients,as well as acupressure therapy in stopping smoking that is applied 1 week each other.Method:In the implementation,complementary therapy is applied to hypertensive patients by given young coconut water and progressive muscle relaxation therapy,and acupressure therapy in an effort to stop smoking.Results:showed significant results in the reduction of high blood pressure before being given an intervention was TD:200/100 mmHg and after being given the intervention obtained TD:140/80 mmHg and decreased pain intensity in hypertensive patients using relaxation therapy,as well as a decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked with acupressure therapy for 1 week.Conclusion:The application of complementary therapy carried out showed improvement in elderly patients suffering from hypertension and smoking behaviour,therefore,the application of evidence based nursing in providing nursing care is recommended.Suggestion:Complementary Nursing Case Study this is expended to be a reference material to improve health services and provide an overview in carrying out complementary nursing care to families,especially an elderly with comprehensive cases of hypertension(bio,psycho,social and spiritual).展开更多
Objective: To synthesize and isolate silver and gold nanoparticles from Litchi chinensis leaf methanolic extract, and to evaluate its comparative biological activities including muscles relaxant, analgesic, anti-infla...Objective: To synthesize and isolate silver and gold nanoparticles from Litchi chinensis leaf methanolic extract, and to evaluate its comparative biological activities including muscles relaxant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal. Methods: The gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized by dissolving methanolic extract in gold chloride and silver nitrate solution separately which were confirmed by colour change and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and pellets were collected through centrifugation. Biological activities of the extract were conducted on BALB/c mice through various standard methods and the data were subjected to One-way ANOVA. Results: The colorless gold chloride solution changed to purple soon after the addition of plant extract, demonstrating that the reaction took place and gold ions were reduced to gold nanoparticles, while colorless silver nitrate solution changed to light and dark brown that was indicative of silver nanoparticles. The muscles relaxant activity showed that silver nanoparticles were more effective than gold nanoparticles and methanolic extract in traction test. The analgesic activity showed that silver and gold nanoparticles showed highest percentage decrease in acetic acid induced writhing at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg b.w. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was produced by gold nanoparticles followed by silver nanoparticles, while low activity was observed in methanolic leaf extract. Only the crude methanolic extract showed significant antidiarrheal activity as compared to the standard drug atropine sulphate, while antidiarrheal activities of gold and silver nanoparticles were non-significant. Conclusions: The present work concludes that isolated silver and gold nanoparticles from leaf methanolic extract shows strong muscles relaxant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities while crude methanolic extract possesses good antidiarrheal activity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cervical haemorrhage due to spontaneous rupture of a parathyroid adenoma is a rare complication that may cause life-threatening acute airway compromise.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old woman was admitted to the h...BACKGROUND Cervical haemorrhage due to spontaneous rupture of a parathyroid adenoma is a rare complication that may cause life-threatening acute airway compromise.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital 1 day after the onset of right neck enlargement, local tenderness, head-turning difficulty, pharyngeal pain, and mild dyspnoea. Repeat routine blood testing showed a rapid decrease in the haemoglobin concentration, indicating active bleeding. Enhanced computed tomography images showed neck haemorrhage and a ruptured right parathyroid adenoma. The plan was to perform emergency neck exploration, haemorrhage removal, and right inferior parathyroidectomy under general anaesthesia. The patient was administered 50 mg of intravenous propofol, and the glottis was successfully visualised on video laryngoscopy. However, after the administration of a muscle relaxant, the glottis was no longer visible and the patient had a difficult airway that prevented mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation. Fortunately, an experienced anaesthesiologist successfully intubated the patient under video laryngoscopy after an emergency laryngeal mask placement. Postoperative pathology showed a parathyroid adenoma with marked bleeding and cystic changes. The patient recovered well without complications.CONCLUSION Airway management is very important in patients with cervical haemorrhage. After the administration of muscle relaxants, the loss of oropharyngeal support can cause acute airway obstruction.Therefore, muscle relaxants should be administered with caution. Anaesthesiologists should pay careful attention to airway management and have alternative airway devices and tracheotomy equipment available.展开更多
An effective and rapid response of muscle contraction and relaxation is crucial for performing appropriate body gaits,including movements of the arms and legs.Any deformation in the muscles can disrupt gait stability,...An effective and rapid response of muscle contraction and relaxation is crucial for performing appropriate body gaits,including movements of the arms and legs.Any deformation in the muscles can disrupt gait stability,making muscle movement difficult.The arm,consisting of the radius,ulna,and humerus,can be modeled as mechanically jointed pendulums,with tensions from the arm muscles varying during contraction and relaxation.In a static state,the muscles maintain constant tension and length,even when external gravitational force is applied to the hand.This study presents a system in which a pair of jointed pendulums is driven by artificial muscles,represented by flexible ropes wound around the edge of an electronic motor's wheel.Muscle movement is simulated through the adjustment of the length of the flexible ropes attached to the motor.Switching between the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the motor modifies the length of the flexible ropes,thereby altering the intrinsic tensions to control arm movements.Electrical signals from a simple neural circuit are used to control the rotation of the electronic motor,enabling the regulation of muscle movement in the arm model by adjustable flexible ropes.The stability criterion for the electromechanical arm is derived,and the interactions among the neural circuit,electronic motor,and jointed pendulums are examined in detail.The results and proposed scheme can contribute to the design of controllable artificial arms,providing potential assistance to disabled arms by incorporating auxiliary artificial muscles.展开更多
In the realm of pain relief and therapy treatment,traditional single modality treatment approaches do not suffice in offering meaningful and long-lasting therapeutic effects.A modified treatment method with the laser ...In the realm of pain relief and therapy treatment,traditional single modality treatment approaches do not suffice in offering meaningful and long-lasting therapeutic effects.A modified treatment method with the laser and haptic activations within a single,hand-held device to enhance the synergistic effect during treatment is designed.It has been established that a laser,either red or infrared,is effective for promoting collagen synthesis and healing wounds by utilizing light to alter chemical and structural components at the cellular level.Alter-natively,muscles are made to relax and blood flow is enhanced by apt haptic stimulation of blood circulation through proper placement of the inducing electrode.The combination therapy device merges these modalities into a'therapy gun'that proves to be very effective.Though the comprehensive study and effect of the entire musculature is very cumbersome,we have focused on the most commonly used muscle groups,the flexor muscles of the forearm.The results are tested and validated using multiple biosignal study including electromyography(EMG)and endodermal activity(EDA)and the muscle load activities manipulated from the EMG.The intensity and time of treatment shall be changed depending on the patient's requirements.Post-treatment,following therapy,the EMG results showed a marked reduction in muscle activation,with an MVC of 1.350 mV and a decrease in RMS values,reflecting muscle relaxation.The PSD of the EMG signal shifted towards lower fre-quencies,confirming reduced muscle activity.Similarly,post-treatment EDA results demonstrated a decrease in skin conductance,with values stabilizing around 4.976 S,reflecting a return to baseline levels of physiological arousal.The histogram and PSD of the EDA signal showed a shift towards lower frequencies,consistent with the calming effects of the vibration therapy.展开更多
Thyroid eye disease(TED)can cause incomitant strabismus with muscle restriction,resulting in diplopia and patient discomfort and discontent.Surgical correction of TED-associated restrictive strabismus has been attempt...Thyroid eye disease(TED)can cause incomitant strabismus with muscle restriction,resulting in diplopia and patient discomfort and discontent.Surgical correction of TED-associated restrictive strabismus has been attempted,with fixed and adjustable suture success rates varying from 38%to 82%.This paper reviews five articles that explored the utility of the intraoperative relaxed muscle positioning(IRMP)technique in patients with restrictive strabismus due to TED.While IRMP is a useful technique for addressing TED-related strabismus and is effective in patients with incomitant strabismus,disease reactivation,staged and unplanned surgeries,combined horizontal and vertical deviations,and previous orbital decompression surgeries,it is probable that this approach can be utilized in children with restrictive types of strabismus.Therefore,further studies are required.展开更多
Objectives： To evaluate the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training （PMRT） combined with five elements music therapy of Chinese medicine （CM） for improving anxiety and depression of cancer patients. Met...Objectives： To evaluate the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training （PMRT） combined with five elements music therapy of Chinese medicine （CM） for improving anxiety and depression of cancer patients. Methods： From June 2015 to March 2016, 60 cancer patients were included into the study. The patients were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group by envelope randomization, receiving PMRT and PMRT plus CM five elements music therapy, respectively, for 8 weeks. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HADS）, Benefit Finding Scales （BFS）, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual （FACIT-Sp）, and Intervention Expectations Questionnaire （IEQU） were adopted to assess the depression of the two groups before and after the treatment. Results： Four cases dropped out during the study, and 29 cases in the treatment group and 27 in the control group were included in the final analysis. Prior to the treatments, the baselines of the 4 questionnaires in the two groups showed no difference. After the 8-week treatment, the treatment group presented better levels of HADS, BFS and FACIT-Sp scores compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. Among the single items of HADS, 4 items involving vexation, feeling fidgeted, pleasure and prospecting the future in the treatment group were improved compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： As a simple and reliable and effective intervention, PMRT combined with five elements music therapy mitigated anxiety and depression of cancer patients. Cancer patients have been found to respond well to psychological intervention in areas regarding stabilisation of emotions, disease awareness, and therapeutic compliance. This brings about a great difference in improving their quality of life and psychological state, offers an effective approach to better self-management in cancer treatment.展开更多
There was a slow-relaxing tail of skeletal muscles in vitro upon the inhibition of Ca2+-pump by cyclopiazonic acid(CPA).Herein,a new linearly-combined bi-exponential model to resolve this slow-relaxing tail from the f...There was a slow-relaxing tail of skeletal muscles in vitro upon the inhibition of Ca2+-pump by cyclopiazonic acid(CPA).Herein,a new linearly-combined bi-exponential model to resolve this slow-relaxing tail from the fast-relaxing phase was investigated for kinetic analysis of the isometric relaxation process of Bufo gastrocnemius in vitro,in comparison to the single exponential model and the classical bi-exponential model.During repetitive stimulations at a 2-s interval by square pulses of a 2-ms duration at 12 V direct currency(DC),the isometric tension of Bufo gastrocnemius was recorded at 100 Hz.The relaxation curve with tensions falling from 90%of the peak to the 15th datum before next stimulation was analyzed by three exponential models using a program in MATLAB 6.5.Both the goodness of fit and the distribution of the residuals for the best fitting sup-ported the comparable validity of this new bi-exponential model for kinetic analysis of the relaxation process of the control muscles.After CPA treatment,however,this new bi-exponential model showed an obvious statistical superiority for kinetic analysis of the muscle relaxation process,and it gave the estimated rest tension consistent to that by experimentation,whereas both the classical bi-exponential model and the single exponential model gave biased rest tensions.Moreover,after the treatment of muscles by CPA,both the single exponential model and the classical bi-exponential model yielded lowered relaxation rates,nevertheless,this new bi-exponential model had relaxation rates of negligible changes except much higher rest tensions.These results suggest that this novel linearly-combined bi-exponential model is desirable for kinetic analysis of the relaxation process of muscles with altered Ca2+-pumping activity.展开更多
Background:The antagonistic actions of anticholinesterase drugs on non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are theoretically related to the activity of acetylcholinesterase(ACHE)in the neuromuscular junction(NMJ).However,ti...Background:The antagonistic actions of anticholinesterase drugs on non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are theoretically related to the activity of acetylcholinesterase(ACHE)in the neuromuscular junction(NMJ).However,till date the changes of AChE activity in the NMJ during sepsis have not been directly investigated.We aimed to investigate the effects of sepsis on the antagonistic actions ofneostigmine on rocuronium(Roc)and the underlying changes of AChE activity in the NMJ in a rat model of cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).Methods:A total of 28 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo a sham surgery(the sham group,n=12)or CLP(the septic group,n=16).After 24 h,the time-response curves of the antagonistic actions of 0.1 or 0.5μmol/L of neostigmine on Roc(10μmol/L)-depressed diaphragm twitch tension were measured.Meanwhile,the activity of AChE in the NMJ was detected using a modified Karnovsky and Roots method.The mRNA levels of the primary transcript and the type T transcript of AChE(AChET)in the diaphragm were determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:Four of 16 rats in the septic group died within 24 h.The time-response curves of both two concentrations ofneostigmine in the septic group showed significant upward shifts from those in the sham group(P〈0.001 for 0.1μmol/L;P=0.009 for 0.5μmol/L).Meanwhile,the average optical density of AChE in the NMJ in the septic group was significantly lower than that in the sham group(0.517±0.045 vs.1.047±0.087,P〈0.001).The AChE and AChET mRNA expression levels in the septic group were significantly lower than those in the sham group(P 0.002 for ACHE;P=0.001 for AChEv).Conclusions:Sepsis strengthened the antagonistic actions ofneostigmine on Roc-depressed twitch tension of the diaphragm by inhibiting the activity of AChE in the NMJ.The reduced content of AChE might be one of the possible causes of the decreased AChE activity in the NMJ.展开更多
文摘Summary: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that volatile anesthetic enhancement of muscle relaxation is the result of combined drug effects on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The poly A m RNA from muscle by isolation were microinjected into Xenopus oocytes for receptor expression. Concentration-effect curves for the inhibition of Ach-induced currents were established for vecuronium, rocuranium, and isoflurane. Subsequently, inhibitory effects of NDMRs were studied in the presence of the isoflurane at a concentration equivalent to half the concentration producing a 50 % inhibition alone. All tested drugs produced rapid and readily reversible concentration-dependent inhibition. The 50 % inhibitory concentration values were 889 μmol/L (95 % CI: 711-1214 μmol), 33.4 μmol (95 % CI: 27.1-41.7 nmol) and 9.2 nmol (95 % CI: 7.9-12.3 nmol) for isoflurane, rocuranium and vecuronium, respectively. Coapplication of isoflurane significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects of rocuranium and vecuronium, and it was especially so at low concentration of NMDRs. Isoflurane increases the potency of NDMRs, possibly by enhancing antagonist affinity at the receptor site.
文摘Background: Diabetes Melilltus (DM) is one serious chronic illness. The proportion of incident type 2 diabetes is 95% of the population of DM in the world. The prevalence of DM in Indonesia showed an increase of 1.1% in 2007 to 2.1% of the population of DM in 2013, and the most cases are Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Management of blood sugar levels can be conducted of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic. One of nonpharmacologic therapy is a complementary therapy. Progressive muscle relaxation is part of a of complementary therapy which is a mindbody therapy. Objective: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation of the blood sugar levels of patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Quasi experiment with pre- and posttest randomized control group design, consisting of 48 samples, 24 samples 24 samples of the treatment group and the control group. Subjects treated group guided progressive muscle relaxation exercises 2 times a day for 3 consecutive days with a duration of 25 - 30 minutes in one workout. Subjects of the control group gave breathing exercises. Results: There were significant differences between the average blood sugar levels type 2 diabetes patients in the the treatment group and the control group, with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The progressive muscle relaxation is effective to reduce blood sugar levels of patients with type 2 diabetes at Dr. Salamun Hospital and Advent Hospital in Bandung.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of progressive relaxation therapy on patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:A literature search was performed using PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Wanfang Data from inception to July 2020.Randomized controlled trials on the use of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in maintenance hemodialysis patients were selected.The primary outcomes were the depression and anxiety.Secondary outcomes included fatigue and sleep.Two reviewers proceeded study selection and quality assessment of included trials and performed heterogeneity of included studies before meta-analysis.Results:A total of 8 studies,which comprised a total of 668 participants were included in the final meta-analysis.The results showed that progressive muscle relaxation therapy could reduce the depression of patients(MD=-5.11,95%CI:-6.74 to-3.48,P<0.001),reduce the anxiety(SMD=-1.27,95%CI:-1.73 to-0.82,P<0.001),relieve fatigue symptoms(MD=-0.87,95%CI:-1.20 to-0.53,P<0.001),improve the sleep quality(MD=-1.69,95%CI:-1.95 to-1.42,P<0.001).Conclusion:Progressive muscle relaxation therapy has positive effects on depression,anxiety,fatigue and sleep quality in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.While concurrent evidence is insufficient,and further studies of high quality are needed to strengthen the conclusion.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training on the symptom cluster and rehospitalization of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:This study is a longitudinal randomized controlled study involving 140 elderly patients with coronary heart disease.The patients were divided into two groups:an intervention group and a control group,with 70 cases in each group,via random number table.The patients in the control group received routine nursing,whereas those in the intervention group received psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training for 4 weeks on the basis of routine nursing.The effect of the intervention was evaluated before intervention,at the end of 1 month,3 months,and 6 months after intervention.Results:At the end of 1 month,3 months,and 6 months,the sleep,fatigue,anxiety,and functional status of the patients in the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group,with statistical significance difference(P<0.05).The rehospitalization rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(X2=10.685,P=0.001).Conclusion:Psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training is effective in alleviating the symptom cluster of elderly patients with coronary heart disease and reducing their rehospitalization rate;thus,it should be popularized.
文摘Objective:To explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety,depression,and quality of life in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods:Sixty-one patients with CSVD in the Department of Neurology of a tertiary hospital were divided into an observation group(28 patients)and a control group(33 patients)by lottery method.The control group received conventional nursing care,while the observation group received progressive muscle relaxation training interventions in addition to the conventional care.The Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),and the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale(SS-QOL)were used to compare the effects before the intervention,7 days after the intervention,and 30 days after the intervention.Results:Over time,at different time points after the intervention,the anxiety and depression scores of patients with CSVD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The quality of life scores were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group(P<0.05),and these differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:Progressive muscle relaxation training can improve anxiety and depression in patients with cerebral small vessel disease and can effectively enhance their quality of life.
基金Supported by the Anhui Natural Science Foundation,No.1808085MH291the Project of human Social Science of Anhui Province,No.SK2016A047Grants for Scientific Research of BSKY from Anhui Medical University,No.XJ201826.
文摘BACKGROUND Test anxiety is prevalent among medical students and leads to impaired academic performance.Test-related attentional bias has been identified as an important maintaining factor in test-anxious individuals.AIM To evaluate whether hypnosis and progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)could modify medical college students’test anxiety and attentional bias.METHODS A total of 598 medical students were screened.The participants were divided into higher and lower test anxiety groups according to their scores on the test anxiety scale(TAS).Ninety medical college students with high TAS score were randomly assigned to a hypnosis or PMR group.Another 45 students with low TAS score were included,forming a baseline control group.The intervention was conducted weekly for 6 wk,and each session lasted approximately 30 min.The total intervention time and the number of intervention sessions for the hypnosis and PMR groups were equal.Data were collected at the pretest,posttest,and 2-mo follow-up.RESULTS Hypnosis group participants had a significantly lower TAS score at posttest(t=-21.827,P<0.001)and at follow-up(t=-14.824,P<0.001),compared to that at pretest.PMR group participants also had a significantly lower TAS score at posttest(t=-10.777,P<0.001)and at follow-up(t=-7.444,P<0.001),compared to that at pretest.At the posttest level,the hypnosis group had a significantly lower TAS score than the PMR group(t=-3.664,P<0.001).At the follow-up level,the hypnosis group also had a significantly lower TAS score than the PMR group(t=-2.943,P=0.004).Clinically significant improvement was found in both the hypnosis and PMR groups(hypnosis=64.0%;PMR=62.22%).Hypnosis was more effective than PMR in reducing test anxiety among medical college students.Hypnosis could modify attentional bias toward threatening stimuli,but PMR could not.CONCLUSION These results suggest that attentional bias plays an important role in test anxiety treatment.
基金financially supported by Arak University of Medical Sciences.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil compared to progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)on anxiety and vital signs of patients under spinal anesthesia.Materials and Methods:This clinical trial was conducted on 120 spinal anesthesia candidates who were randomly assigned into three groups of 40 including control,PMR(Jacobsen group),and aromatherapy.The state-trait anxiety inventory was completed on surgery day and 15 min after the end of the intervention by the samples of all three groups,and at the same time as completing the questionnaire,vital signs were also measured and recorded.Results:The mean score of anxiety after intervention was lower than that before the intervention in the aromatherapy group(P<0.001).The mean score of anxiety in the aromatherapy group was significantly lower than that in the Jacobsen group(P<0.001).Moreover,data analysis showed a significant decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure scores of the PMR(P=008)and aromatherapy(P<0.001)groups and a statistically significant increase in the mean heart rate scores in the control group(P=0.002).Conclusion:The use of aromatherapy with lavender is more effective than PMR therapy in reducing the anxiety level of patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.Due to the high level of anxiety and its serious effects on the patient’s hemodynamics,aromatherapy with lavender can be used as an easy and cheap method to reduce anxiety in operation rooms.
文摘Background and aim:Progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)is one of the most common complementary and alternative therapies.Published systematic review unfolded that PMR has a positive impact on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among adult cancer patients.However,the pooled findings were not reliable and valid because included trials have poor quality.It must be noted is that additional studies with good quality have been published recently.So,we design this updated systematic review to comprehensively establish the efficacy of PMR for the of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients.Methods:We will search PubMed,Cochrane Controlled Register of Trial(CENTRAL),Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),China Biomedical Literature database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and Wanfang data to capture all potential items.Data extraction sheet will be used to extract all essential information,the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool will be utilized to appraise the risk of bias of eligible studies.Finally,a quantitative analysis will be performed if sufficient data were obtained.In contrast,a qualitative analysis will be used to summarize the results of all included studies.Ethics and dissemination:Ethics approval and patient written informed consent will not be required because all of the analyses in the present study will be performed based on data from published studies.We will submit our systematic review and network meta-analysis to a peer reviewed scientific journal for publication.
文摘Objective:To systematically analyze the research status and application of progressive muscle relaxation training(PMRT)in the nursing field in China,and provide a reference basis for scientific research in this field.Methods:The bibliometric method was adopted in“progressive muscle relaxation training”or“PMRT,”and“nursing.”The established database was included in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and the Wanfang Medical Network.The relevant articles in the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database(VIP)were analyzed.Results:A total of 169 literatures were included.The journals,years,and regions of literature publication were uneven,mainly originating from the eastern region(43.19%),and listed the application of progressive muscle relaxation training in the field of nursing in China.Intervention literature information was mainly dominated by experimental studies(97%).Conclusion:The related research and application of progressive muscle relaxation training in nursing in China is increasing,but there is a lack of objective evaluation of outcome indicators and a short intervention period.Further research should be conducted in the future to effectively guide the development of PMRT in the field of nursing in China.
文摘BACKGROUND Thiocolchicoside(TCC),a muscle relaxant with anti-inflammatory properties,is often used alongside nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)to treat musculoskeletal pain.This synergistic approach leverages the complementary mechanisms of action,providing more effective relief for conditions such as arthritis,muscle spasms,and soft tissue injuries.AIM To evaluate the comparative efficacy of the combination therapy of TCC and NSAIDs vs NSAID monotherapy in pain management.METHODS A systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases through October 2024 was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined TCC and NSAID therapy vs NSAIDs alone.A retrospective analysis of electronic medical records from India spanning 3 years(2020-2023)examined treatment patterns and focused on clinical outcomes including pain relief,functional improvement,and adverse effects.Key metrics for assessment included visual analog scale scores and hand-to-floor distance,with secondary outcomes assessing patient satisfaction and adverse event(AE)incidence.RESULTS A systematic literature search revealed seven studies,involving 1137 subjects,aligning with the eligibility criteria from a total of 833 hits.Combination therapy using parenteral TCC with NSAIDs significantly reduced pain intensity[standardised mean difference(SMD):-1.33,P<0.001]and enhanced functional improvement(SMD:-1.08,P<0.001)compared to NSAIDs alone.Patients on combination therapy are 6.7 times more likely to experience over 30%pain relief and 5.2 times more likely to achieve over 50%pain relief.Post surgery pain reduction and patient satisfaction were notably higher in the combination group[odds ratio(OR)=10.14,P<0.001].There were no significant differences in mild/moderate AE rates between the groups(OR=1.30,P=0.378).CONCLUSION Evidence indicates that multimodal therapy,including parenteral TCC with NSAIDs,provides quicker and effective pain relief,reduces muscle spasms,and improves hand-to-floor distance compared to using NSAIDs or TCC alone.
文摘Objectives:The objective of this study was to assess the impact of two relaxation techniques,the Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation technique(JPMR),and the Benson’s relaxation technique(BRT),on the levels of stress and anxiety experienced by patients undergoing coronary angioplasty.Materials and Methods:Quantitative research approach with quasi-experimental pre-test and posttest control group design was conducted with seventy coronary angioplasty patients from the Institute of Medical Science,and SUM Hospital,Bhubaneswar,Odisha.The participants were purposively selected and divided into Experimental Group 1(n=35)and Experimental Group 2(n=35).Each group received either BRT or JPMR for three consecutive days.Pretest and posttest data were collected using a structured demographic questionnaire and the modified depression anxiety stress scale-21.Results:Both BRT and JPMR significantly decreased the levels of stress and anxiety among patients undergoing angioplasty compared to baseline(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the two techniques based on Fisher’s exact P value.This suggests that both interventions are effective in reducing stress and anxiety among angioplasty patients.Conclusion:BRT or JPMR are noninvasive,nonpharmacological interventions that effectively reduce stress and anxiety in patients undergoing angioplasty.These findings underscore the importance of incorporating relaxation techniques into nursing practice and hospital programs to enhance patient care and promote holistic well-being post-angioplasty.
文摘Background:An elderly was closed to some medical problem,especially hypertension.Problems that occur in elderly patients with hypertension not only involve the patient itself but also involve the family as the closest person to the patient.One important aspect of family nursing is the family itself.To achieve good treatment outcomes,implementation of evidence-based nursing is needed.The purpose of this study is to present the implementation of evidence-based nursing to an eldelry in a family bu using coconut water to reduce high blood pressure and progressive muscle relaxation therapy to reduce pain intensity in hypertensive patients,as well as acupressure therapy in stopping smoking that is applied 1 week each other.Method:In the implementation,complementary therapy is applied to hypertensive patients by given young coconut water and progressive muscle relaxation therapy,and acupressure therapy in an effort to stop smoking.Results:showed significant results in the reduction of high blood pressure before being given an intervention was TD:200/100 mmHg and after being given the intervention obtained TD:140/80 mmHg and decreased pain intensity in hypertensive patients using relaxation therapy,as well as a decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked with acupressure therapy for 1 week.Conclusion:The application of complementary therapy carried out showed improvement in elderly patients suffering from hypertension and smoking behaviour,therefore,the application of evidence based nursing in providing nursing care is recommended.Suggestion:Complementary Nursing Case Study this is expended to be a reference material to improve health services and provide an overview in carrying out complementary nursing care to families,especially an elderly with comprehensive cases of hypertension(bio,psycho,social and spiritual).
文摘Objective: To synthesize and isolate silver and gold nanoparticles from Litchi chinensis leaf methanolic extract, and to evaluate its comparative biological activities including muscles relaxant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal. Methods: The gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized by dissolving methanolic extract in gold chloride and silver nitrate solution separately which were confirmed by colour change and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and pellets were collected through centrifugation. Biological activities of the extract were conducted on BALB/c mice through various standard methods and the data were subjected to One-way ANOVA. Results: The colorless gold chloride solution changed to purple soon after the addition of plant extract, demonstrating that the reaction took place and gold ions were reduced to gold nanoparticles, while colorless silver nitrate solution changed to light and dark brown that was indicative of silver nanoparticles. The muscles relaxant activity showed that silver nanoparticles were more effective than gold nanoparticles and methanolic extract in traction test. The analgesic activity showed that silver and gold nanoparticles showed highest percentage decrease in acetic acid induced writhing at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg b.w. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was produced by gold nanoparticles followed by silver nanoparticles, while low activity was observed in methanolic leaf extract. Only the crude methanolic extract showed significant antidiarrheal activity as compared to the standard drug atropine sulphate, while antidiarrheal activities of gold and silver nanoparticles were non-significant. Conclusions: The present work concludes that isolated silver and gold nanoparticles from leaf methanolic extract shows strong muscles relaxant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities while crude methanolic extract possesses good antidiarrheal activity.
基金Supported by Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital,No. BYSYZD2021013Beijing Haidian District Innovation and transformation project,No. HDCXZHZB2021202。
文摘BACKGROUND Cervical haemorrhage due to spontaneous rupture of a parathyroid adenoma is a rare complication that may cause life-threatening acute airway compromise.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital 1 day after the onset of right neck enlargement, local tenderness, head-turning difficulty, pharyngeal pain, and mild dyspnoea. Repeat routine blood testing showed a rapid decrease in the haemoglobin concentration, indicating active bleeding. Enhanced computed tomography images showed neck haemorrhage and a ruptured right parathyroid adenoma. The plan was to perform emergency neck exploration, haemorrhage removal, and right inferior parathyroidectomy under general anaesthesia. The patient was administered 50 mg of intravenous propofol, and the glottis was successfully visualised on video laryngoscopy. However, after the administration of a muscle relaxant, the glottis was no longer visible and the patient had a difficult airway that prevented mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation. Fortunately, an experienced anaesthesiologist successfully intubated the patient under video laryngoscopy after an emergency laryngeal mask placement. Postoperative pathology showed a parathyroid adenoma with marked bleeding and cystic changes. The patient recovered well without complications.CONCLUSION Airway management is very important in patients with cervical haemorrhage. After the administration of muscle relaxants, the loss of oropharyngeal support can cause acute airway obstruction.Therefore, muscle relaxants should be administered with caution. Anaesthesiologists should pay careful attention to airway management and have alternative airway devices and tracheotomy equipment available.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62361037,12072139)。
文摘An effective and rapid response of muscle contraction and relaxation is crucial for performing appropriate body gaits,including movements of the arms and legs.Any deformation in the muscles can disrupt gait stability,making muscle movement difficult.The arm,consisting of the radius,ulna,and humerus,can be modeled as mechanically jointed pendulums,with tensions from the arm muscles varying during contraction and relaxation.In a static state,the muscles maintain constant tension and length,even when external gravitational force is applied to the hand.This study presents a system in which a pair of jointed pendulums is driven by artificial muscles,represented by flexible ropes wound around the edge of an electronic motor's wheel.Muscle movement is simulated through the adjustment of the length of the flexible ropes attached to the motor.Switching between the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the motor modifies the length of the flexible ropes,thereby altering the intrinsic tensions to control arm movements.Electrical signals from a simple neural circuit are used to control the rotation of the electronic motor,enabling the regulation of muscle movement in the arm model by adjustable flexible ropes.The stability criterion for the electromechanical arm is derived,and the interactions among the neural circuit,electronic motor,and jointed pendulums are examined in detail.The results and proposed scheme can contribute to the design of controllable artificial arms,providing potential assistance to disabled arms by incorporating auxiliary artificial muscles.
文摘In the realm of pain relief and therapy treatment,traditional single modality treatment approaches do not suffice in offering meaningful and long-lasting therapeutic effects.A modified treatment method with the laser and haptic activations within a single,hand-held device to enhance the synergistic effect during treatment is designed.It has been established that a laser,either red or infrared,is effective for promoting collagen synthesis and healing wounds by utilizing light to alter chemical and structural components at the cellular level.Alter-natively,muscles are made to relax and blood flow is enhanced by apt haptic stimulation of blood circulation through proper placement of the inducing electrode.The combination therapy device merges these modalities into a'therapy gun'that proves to be very effective.Though the comprehensive study and effect of the entire musculature is very cumbersome,we have focused on the most commonly used muscle groups,the flexor muscles of the forearm.The results are tested and validated using multiple biosignal study including electromyography(EMG)and endodermal activity(EDA)and the muscle load activities manipulated from the EMG.The intensity and time of treatment shall be changed depending on the patient's requirements.Post-treatment,following therapy,the EMG results showed a marked reduction in muscle activation,with an MVC of 1.350 mV and a decrease in RMS values,reflecting muscle relaxation.The PSD of the EMG signal shifted towards lower fre-quencies,confirming reduced muscle activity.Similarly,post-treatment EDA results demonstrated a decrease in skin conductance,with values stabilizing around 4.976 S,reflecting a return to baseline levels of physiological arousal.The histogram and PSD of the EDA signal showed a shift towards lower frequencies,consistent with the calming effects of the vibration therapy.
文摘Thyroid eye disease(TED)can cause incomitant strabismus with muscle restriction,resulting in diplopia and patient discomfort and discontent.Surgical correction of TED-associated restrictive strabismus has been attempted,with fixed and adjustable suture success rates varying from 38%to 82%.This paper reviews five articles that explored the utility of the intraoperative relaxed muscle positioning(IRMP)technique in patients with restrictive strabismus due to TED.While IRMP is a useful technique for addressing TED-related strabismus and is effective in patients with incomitant strabismus,disease reactivation,staged and unplanned surgeries,combined horizontal and vertical deviations,and previous orbital decompression surgeries,it is probable that this approach can be utilized in children with restrictive types of strabismus.Therefore,further studies are required.
文摘Objectives： To evaluate the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training （PMRT） combined with five elements music therapy of Chinese medicine （CM） for improving anxiety and depression of cancer patients. Methods： From June 2015 to March 2016, 60 cancer patients were included into the study. The patients were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group by envelope randomization, receiving PMRT and PMRT plus CM five elements music therapy, respectively, for 8 weeks. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HADS）, Benefit Finding Scales （BFS）, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual （FACIT-Sp）, and Intervention Expectations Questionnaire （IEQU） were adopted to assess the depression of the two groups before and after the treatment. Results： Four cases dropped out during the study, and 29 cases in the treatment group and 27 in the control group were included in the final analysis. Prior to the treatments, the baselines of the 4 questionnaires in the two groups showed no difference. After the 8-week treatment, the treatment group presented better levels of HADS, BFS and FACIT-Sp scores compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. Among the single items of HADS, 4 items involving vexation, feeling fidgeted, pleasure and prospecting the future in the treatment group were improved compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： As a simple and reliable and effective intervention, PMRT combined with five elements music therapy mitigated anxiety and depression of cancer patients. Cancer patients have been found to respond well to psychological intervention in areas regarding stabilisation of emotions, disease awareness, and therapeutic compliance. This brings about a great difference in improving their quality of life and psychological state, offers an effective approach to better self-management in cancer treatment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30472139)the Education Commission for the First Batch of Excellent Young Teachers in Universities of Chongqing City,China
文摘There was a slow-relaxing tail of skeletal muscles in vitro upon the inhibition of Ca2+-pump by cyclopiazonic acid(CPA).Herein,a new linearly-combined bi-exponential model to resolve this slow-relaxing tail from the fast-relaxing phase was investigated for kinetic analysis of the isometric relaxation process of Bufo gastrocnemius in vitro,in comparison to the single exponential model and the classical bi-exponential model.During repetitive stimulations at a 2-s interval by square pulses of a 2-ms duration at 12 V direct currency(DC),the isometric tension of Bufo gastrocnemius was recorded at 100 Hz.The relaxation curve with tensions falling from 90%of the peak to the 15th datum before next stimulation was analyzed by three exponential models using a program in MATLAB 6.5.Both the goodness of fit and the distribution of the residuals for the best fitting sup-ported the comparable validity of this new bi-exponential model for kinetic analysis of the relaxation process of the control muscles.After CPA treatment,however,this new bi-exponential model showed an obvious statistical superiority for kinetic analysis of the muscle relaxation process,and it gave the estimated rest tension consistent to that by experimentation,whereas both the classical bi-exponential model and the single exponential model gave biased rest tensions.Moreover,after the treatment of muscles by CPA,both the single exponential model and the classical bi-exponential model yielded lowered relaxation rates,nevertheless,this new bi-exponential model had relaxation rates of negligible changes except much higher rest tensions.These results suggest that this novel linearly-combined bi-exponential model is desirable for kinetic analysis of the relaxation process of muscles with altered Ca2+-pumping activity.
基金This study was supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Background:The antagonistic actions of anticholinesterase drugs on non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are theoretically related to the activity of acetylcholinesterase(ACHE)in the neuromuscular junction(NMJ).However,till date the changes of AChE activity in the NMJ during sepsis have not been directly investigated.We aimed to investigate the effects of sepsis on the antagonistic actions ofneostigmine on rocuronium(Roc)and the underlying changes of AChE activity in the NMJ in a rat model of cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).Methods:A total of 28 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo a sham surgery(the sham group,n=12)or CLP(the septic group,n=16).After 24 h,the time-response curves of the antagonistic actions of 0.1 or 0.5μmol/L of neostigmine on Roc(10μmol/L)-depressed diaphragm twitch tension were measured.Meanwhile,the activity of AChE in the NMJ was detected using a modified Karnovsky and Roots method.The mRNA levels of the primary transcript and the type T transcript of AChE(AChET)in the diaphragm were determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:Four of 16 rats in the septic group died within 24 h.The time-response curves of both two concentrations ofneostigmine in the septic group showed significant upward shifts from those in the sham group(P〈0.001 for 0.1μmol/L;P=0.009 for 0.5μmol/L).Meanwhile,the average optical density of AChE in the NMJ in the septic group was significantly lower than that in the sham group(0.517±0.045 vs.1.047±0.087,P〈0.001).The AChE and AChET mRNA expression levels in the septic group were significantly lower than those in the sham group(P 0.002 for ACHE;P=0.001 for AChEv).Conclusions:Sepsis strengthened the antagonistic actions ofneostigmine on Roc-depressed twitch tension of the diaphragm by inhibiting the activity of AChE in the NMJ.The reduced content of AChE might be one of the possible causes of the decreased AChE activity in the NMJ.
